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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Ex injuria »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 9 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Ex injuria"

Gignac, Marc-Antoine. « Anne Lagerwall, Le principe ex injuria jus non oritur en droit international, Bruxelles, Bruylant, 2016 ». Revue québécoise de droit international 30, n^o 2 (2017) : 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1064688ar.

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Shany, Yuval. « Legal Entitlements, Changing Circumstances and Intertemporality : A Comment on the Creation of Israel and the Status of Palestine ». Israel Law Review 49, n^o 3 (21 octobre 2016) : 391–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223716000224.

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The events surrounding the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 and the ensuing Palestinian naqba (disaster) have generated an abundance of legal literature. It is beyond the ambitions of this article to revisit all or most of the existing literature, or to strive and comprehensively discuss the various legal propositions they consider. Instead, it offers a critical assessment of some of the legal conclusions offered by one of the most influential experts in the field – Professor James Crawford – who, in the second edition of his seminal treatise The Creation of States in International Law, discusses at some length the events surrounding the creation of Israel and the status of Palestine. Section 2 of the article offers some general observations on the continued relevance of the events surrounding the creation of Israel. In particular, it raises the question of the relationship between the principles of ex injuria non oritur jus and ex factis oritur jus in the Israeli–Palestinian context. Section 3 examines the legal significance of the 1922 League of Nations Mandate and Crawford's position concerning its validity. Sections 4 and 5 adopt a similar examination with regard to two other historic events of potential legal significance, namely the 1947 UN General Assembly Resolution 181 (the Partition Resolution) and Israel's 1948 Declaration of Independence. Section 5 also briefly examines Crawford's conclusions relating to the status of Palestine, and Section 6 concludes.

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Janev, Igor. « Uncertain Future and Prospects of the Prespa Agreement between Macedonia and Greece ». Advances in Politics and Economics 3, n^o 2 (31 mars 2020) : p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v3n2p1.

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In the present article we discuss the future and prospects of the Prespa Agreement, concluded on June 17, 2018, between Macedonia and Greece aiming at resolving their “difference” over the name of Macedonia. The analysis is carried out by examining the legal aspects of United Nations Security Council Resolution 817 (1993) recommending the admission of Macedonia to UN membership but imposing on the applicant a provisional name (pending the settlement of difference over the applicant’s name), in particular its legal consistence with the provisions of Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969) and with the general jus cogens norms of International Law enshrined in the UN Charter. It is concluded that the UN SC Res.817 (1993) is by itself an ultra vires act and cannot serve as a legal basis for the Prespa Agreement (ex injuria jus not oritur), that the Prespa Agreement violates the provisions of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and the peremptory norms of International Law, particularly the principle of self-determination and enters into legal matters that belong stricto sensu to the domain of domestic jurisdiction of Macedonia. For these reasons the Prespa Agreement cannot be considered a legally valid treaty and, consequently, and Agreement can be subject of unilateral termination under provisions of Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969).

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Orrego G., Jaime, Juan Camilo Mosquera-Hernández, Santiago Ardila-Giraldo, Laura Torres-Canchala, Edgar Alzate et Juan Pablo Benavidez. « Técnica EXIT como manejo de la vía aérea en masas gigantes congénitas de cuello ». Revista Chilena de Pediatría 91, n^o 3 (19 juin 2020) : 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.32641/rchped.v91i3.1385.

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Las masas congénitas de cabeza y cuello se asocian a asfixia perinatal e injuria cerebral con elevada mortalidad. La técnica EXIT (Ex Útero Intrapartum Treatment) consiste en asegurar la vía aérea del neonato, sin interrumpir la oxigenación y perfusión materno-fetal a través del soporte placentario. Esta técnica no ha sido estandarizada en países de medianos ingresos.Objetivo: Describir el caso clínico de 2 neonatos manejados mediante la técnica EXIT.Caso Clínico: Se reportan dos casos, uno con malformación linfática diagnosticada a la semana 20 gestación y el segundo con tiromegalia y polihidramnios diagnosticados a la semana 35 de gestación. En ambos casos, durante la cesárea se realizó la técnica EXIT con un equipo conformado por neonatólogo, ginecólogo, anestesiólogo, cirujano pediatra, otorrinolaringólogo, enfermero y terapeuta respiratorio. En los dos pacientes se logró asegurar la vía aérea mediante intubación orotraqueal al primer intento. En el caso 1 se confirmó la malformación linfática y recibió escleroterapia, y en el caso 2 se diagnosticó hipotiroidismo congénito asociado a bocio, que fue manejado con levotiroxina. Los pacientes se mantuvieron 7 y 9 días con ventilación mecánica invasiva respectivamente y egresaron sin complicaciones respiratorias.Conclusiones: La técnica EXIT en estos casos fue un procedimiento seguro, llevado a cabo sin inconvenientes. Se necesita un equipo multidisciplinario y la disponibilidad de una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales, con el objetivo de reducir potenciales complicaciones y garantizar el manejo postnatal. Para lograr su ejecución, es indispensable el diagnóstico prenatal oportuno.

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Hou, Bingbing, Mingquan Wang, Ziyan Song, Qiushi He et Zongyao Hao. « Renal puncture access using a blunt needle : proposal of the blunt puncture concept ». World Journal of Urology 40, n^o 4 (14 janvier 2022) : 1035–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00345-021-03927-8.

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Abstract Purpose Severe haemorrhage in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is an alarming event, and preventing injury to renal major vessels is a challenge. We evaluated the efficiency of a blunt needle in renal puncture procedures. Methods We first retrospectively reviewed the embolization images of post-PCNL patients to analyse the types of arteries injured, which were considered target arteries. Then, either a blunt needle or a conventional needle was used to directly puncture target arteries in ex vivo porcine kidneys and to establish renal access ex vivo and in vivo. The primary outcome was the incidence of target artery injuries, which were observed by digital subtraction angiography, nephroscopy and 3-dimensional endocasts. The secondary outcome was the rate of excreted fluid per access. Results The segmental and interlobar arteries were the most common types of injured arteries that needed to be embolized after PCNL. When these arteries were punctured directly, blunt needles reduced injury (1/20 vs. 16/20; OR 4.750; 95% CI 1.966–11.478; P < .001) by 76% compared to injuries induced by conventional needles. Moreover, the blunt needle group also had a significantly lower incidence of these arteries’ injuries ex vivo due to renal puncture and yielded a lower rate of excreted fluid in ex vivo and in vivo renal puncture procedures. Conclusion A blunt needle for renal puncture can be effective in reducing injury to renal major arteries and the accompanying haemorrhage. We propose the concept of blunt puncture, which may be a promising method for achieving safe renal access in PCNL.

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Campbell, Kristin, Karen Foster-Schubert, Liren Xiao, Catherine Alfano, Lisa Cadmus Bertram, Catherine Duggan, Melinda Irwin et Anne McTiernan. « Injuries in Sedentary Individuals Enrolled in a 12-Month, Randomized, Controlled, Exercise Trial ». Journal of Physical Activity and Health 9, n^o 2 (février 2012) : 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.9.2.198.

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Background:The risk of musculoskeletal injury with the introduction of moderate-to-vigorous exercise in sedentary adults is not well established. The purpose of this report is to examine the effect of a 12-month exercise intervention on musculoskeletal injury and bodily pain in predominately overweight, sedentary men (n = 102) and women (n = 100), ages 40 to 75 years.Methods:Participants were randomized to a moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise intervention (EX) (6 d/wk, 60 min/d, 60% to 85% max. heart rate) or usual lifestyle control (CON). Participants completed a self-report of musculoskeletal injury and body pain at baseline and 12-months.Results:The number of individuals reporting an injury (CON; 28% vs. EX; 28%, P = .95) did not differ by group. The most commonly injured site was lower leg/ankle/foot. The most common causes of injury were sports/physical activity, home maintenance, or “other.” In the control group, bodily pain increased over the 12 months compared with the exercise group (CON −7.9, EX −1.4, P = .05). Baseline demographics and volume of exercise were not associated with injury risk.Conclusions:Previously sedentary men and women randomized to a 12-month aerobic exercise intervention with a goal of 360 min/wk reported the same number of injuries as those in the control group and less bodily pain.

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Davis, Ryan S., Sharon Hood et Barbara J. Bentz. « Fire-injured ponderosa pine provide a pulsed resource for bark beetles ». Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42, n^o 12 (décembre 2012) : 2022–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x2012-147.

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Bark beetles can cause substantial mortality of trees that would otherwise survive fire injuries. Resin response of fire-injured northern Rocky Mountain ponderosa pine ( Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson) and specific injuries that contribute to increased bark beetle attack susceptibility and brood production are unknown. We monitored ponderosa pine mortality and resin flow and bark beetle colonization and reproduction following a prescribed fire in Idaho and a wildfire in Montana. The level of fire-caused tree injury differed between the two sites, and the level of tree injury most susceptible to bark beetle attack and colonization also differed. Strip-attacked trees alive 3 years post-fire had lower levels of bole and crown injury than trees mass attacked and killed by bark beetles, suggesting that fire-injured trees were less well defended. Brood production of western pine beetle ( Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte) did not differ between fire-injured and uninjured trees, although mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) brood production was low in both tree types, potentially due to competition with faster developing bark beetle species that also colonized trees. Despite a large number of live trees remaining at both sites, bark beetle response to fire-injured trees pulsed and receded within 2 years post-fire, potentially due to a limited number of trees that could be easily colonized.

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Boyer, Richard B., Nathaniel D. Kelm, D. Colton Riley, Kevin W. Sexton, Alonda C. Pollins, R. Bruce Shack, Richard D. Dortch, Lillian B. Nanney, Mark D. Does et Wesley P. Thayer. « 4.7-T diffusion tensor imaging of acute traumatic peripheral nerve injury ». Neurosurgical Focus 39, n^o 3 (septembre 2015) : E9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.6.focus1590.

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Diagnosis and management of peripheral nerve injury is complicated by the inability to assess microstructural features of injured nerve fibers via clinical examination and electrophysiology. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been shown to accurately detect nerve injury and regeneration in crush models of peripheral nerve injury, but no prior studies have been conducted on nerve transection, a surgical emergency that can lead to permanent weakness or paralysis. Acute sciatic nerve injuries were performed microsurgically to produce multiple grades of nerve transection in rats that were harvested 1 hour after surgery. High-resolution diffusion tensor images from ex vivo sciatic nerves were obtained using diffusion-weighted spin-echo acquisitions at 4.7 T. Fractional anisotropy was significantly reduced at the injury sites of transected rats compared with sham rats. Additionally, minor eigenvalues and radial diffusivity were profoundly elevated at all injury sites and were negatively correlated to the degree of injury. Diffusion tensor tractography showed discontinuities at all injury sites and significantly reduced continuous tract counts. These findings demonstrate that high-resolution DTI is a promising tool for acute diagnosis and grading of traumatic peripheral nerve injuries.

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Seo, Tae-Beom, Yeong-Hyun Cho, Hyuk Sakong et Young-Pyo Kim. « Effect of treadmill exercise and bone marrow stromal cell engraftment on activation of BDNF-ERK-CREB signaling pathway in the crushed sciatic nerve ». Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation 17, n^o 6 (27 décembre 2021) : 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12965/jer.2142626.313.

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The effect of combined approach of exercise training and bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) engraftment on activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2)-cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway after sciatic nerve injury (SNI) was investigated. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into the normal control, nonexercise (NEX), exercise training (EX), BMSC transplantation (TP), and exercise training+BMSC transplantation (EX+TP) groups 4 weeks after SCI. Exercise training was carried out on the treadmill device at 5–10 m/min for 20 min for 4 weeks. Single dose of 5× 106 harvested BMSC was injected into the injury area of the injured sciatic nerve. In order to evaluate induction levels of BDNF-ERK1/2-CREB signaling molecules in the whole cell and nuclear cell lysates of the injured sciatic nerve, we applied Western blot analysis. BDNF was significantly increased only in EX+TP compared to NEX, EX, and TP groups. Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 was more increased in EX, TP, and EX+TP groups than NEX group, but EX+TP group showed the most upregulation of phosphorylated protein kinase B compared to other groups. In addition, in the whole cell lysate, phosphorylated ERK1/2, but not activating transcription factor-3 (ATF-3) and phosphorylated CREB, was significantly increased in TP and EX+TP groups. In the nuclear cell lysate, ATF-3 and phosphorylated CREB were strongly activated in EX+TP group compared to EX group. Regular exercise training combined with BMSC engraftment would seem to be more effective in controlling activation of regeneration-related signaling pathway after SNI.

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Bosque, Marc, Ramon Margalef, Oscar Carvajal, David Álvarez et Manel M. Santafe. « Dry Needling Produces Mild Injuries Irrespective to Muscle Stiffness and Tension in Ex Vivo Mice Muscles ». Pain Research and Management 2022 (5 juillet 2022) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8920252.

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Numerous studies have suggested that the myofascial trigger points are responsible for most of the myofascial pain syndrome, so it seems reasonable that its destruction is a good therapeutic solution. The effectiveness of dry needling (DN) has been confirmed in muscles with myofascial trigger points, hypertonicity, and spasticity. The objective of this study is to analyze the need of repetitive punctures on muscles in different situations. The levator auris longus (LAL) muscle and gastrocnemius muscle from adult male Swiss mice were dissected and maintained alive, while being submerged in an oxygenated Ringer’s solution. DN was evaluated under four animal models, mimicking the human condition: normal healthy muscles, muscle fibers with contraction knots, muscles submerged in a depolarizing Ringer solution (KCl-CaCl2), and muscles submerged in Ringer solution with formalin. Thereafter, samples were evaluated with optical microscopy (LAL) and scanning electron microscopy (gastrocnemius). Healthy muscles allowed the penetration of needles between fibers with minimal injuries. In muscles with contraction knots, the needle separated many muscle fibers, and several others were injured, while blood vessels and intramuscular nerves were mostly not injured. Muscles submerged in a depolarizing solution inducing sustained contraction showed more injured muscular fibers and several muscle fibers separated by the needle. Finally, the muscles submerged in Ringer solution with formalin showed a few number of injured muscular fibers and abundant muscle fibers separated by the needle. Scanning electron microscopy images confirm the optical analyses. In summary, dry needling is a technique that causes mild injury irrespective of the muscle tone.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Ex injuria"

Lagerwall, Anne. « Le principe ex injuria jus non oritur en droit international contemporain ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210413.

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La thèse de doctorat est consacrée au principe ex injuria jus non oritur qui signifie littéralement que le droit ne naît pas du fait illicite. Alors qu’il est incidemment évoqué par la doctrine ou la jurisprudence comme un principe général du droit international public, il n’a jamais fait l’objet d’une étude systématique destinée à en vérifier l’existence, à en mesurer la portée, à en interroger les limites et à en expliciter les soubassements théoriques. C’est cette lacune que la thèse entend combler, dans une perspective relevant de la théorie du droit international.

Dans une première partie, il s’agit de se demander si ce principe a été reconnu en droit international public, et dans l’affirmative d’en déterminer la portée juridique. La maxime ex injuria jus non oritur ne pouvant être réduite à une règle juridique particulière, la question qui se pose est plutôt de savoir si on peut la qualifier de principe du droit international public qui, sans constituer une source formelle de l’ordre juridique, permet d’expliquer la logique sous-jacente à certaines règles du droit international. Les expressions de ce principe visent d’abord des situations dans lesquelles on remet en cause la validité d’un acte juridique issu de la violation du droit international (invalidité du titre de souveraineté relatif à un territoire acquis ou occupé illégalement, invalidité de l’acte juridique adopté par une autorité illégale, nullité d’un traité dont la conclusion a été obtenue par une contrainte illicite, inadmissibilité comme preuve d’une déclaration obtenue sous la torture, invalidité d’une saisie ou d’une arrestation illégale, invalidité d’un ordre illégal émis par un supérieur hiérarchique). Dans une perspective parallèle, on retrouve le principe dans la règle selon laquelle la violation du droit international ne remet pas en cause sa validité, règle valable dans le domaine du droit des traités, de la coutume ou de la responsabilité internationale. A côté de cette dimension « objective » (dans la mesure où elle recouvre un problème de validité), une dimension plus « subjective » apparaît dans les relations entre sujets du droit international. Ainsi, l’auteur d’une violation du droit international ne peut s’en prévaloir pour revendiquer des droits, et doit plutôt en effacer les conséquences. De même, les Etats tiers ne peuvent reconnaître comme licite une situation résultant de la violation grave d’une norme impérative de droit international, ni ne peuvent prêter aide ou assistance au maintien de cette situation. A l’issue de la première partie de la thèse, on peut établir un constat nuancé :le principe ex injuria jus non oritur constitue un principe général, qui peut être induit de diverses règles de droit international positif, règles qu’il permet d’interpréter en en explicitant l’objet et le but. En même temps, cette existence ne peut être comprise que moyennant une définition stricte et limitée de ce principe, lequel ne prescrit pas, comme on aurait pu s’y attendre, qu’aucun droit ne puisse jamais résulter d’une violation du droit. En premier lieu, et au travers des différents exemples qui viennent d’être mentionnés, on peut remarquer que seules des violations graves —et non des irrégularités mineures— sont de nature à empêcher la création de droits (ainsi, par exemple, dans le domaine de la récolte de preuve). En second lieu, on remarque que seuls les droits qui découleraient directement (dans le sens où ils en consacreraient juridiquement les effets) d’une violation grave du droit ne peuvent être valablement reconnus (ainsi, par exemple, des actes quotidiens d’administration posés par un occupant illégal peuvent être reconnus, ces actes n’étant pas intrinsèquement liés à ce statut d’occupant illégal). Ce n’est que dans cette double mesure que l’on peut affirmer que, en droit international positif, il existe un principe général exprimé par la maxime ex injuria jus non oritur.

Dans la seconde partie de la thèse, le principe est confronté, d’une part (volet empirique) à des précédents dans lesquels il semble avoir été mis à mal (certaines situations semblant avoir résulté de violations graves du principe impératif de l’interdiction du recours à la force) et, d’autre part (volet théorique), à des théories du droit international susceptibles d’en expliquer à la fois le fonctionnement et les limites. Le volet empirique s’appuie sur une étude de cas :la reconnaissance du Bangladesh à la suite d’une intervention militaire de l’Inde au Pakistan, la reconnaissance des gouvernements installés au Cambodge à la suite de l’intervention militaire du Vietnam, la validité des accords conclus par la Yougoslavie à la suite de l’intervention militaire de l’OTAN, la reconnaissance du Kosovo en 2008, et l’administration de l’Irak après l’intervention militaire de 2003. Si le principe ex injuria jus non oritur est sans doute malmené dans les faits, il ne l’est pas dans le discours officiel des Etats, lesquels n’assument pas une remise en cause d’un principe dont ils reconnaissent par ailleurs (comme montré dans la première partie de la thèse) la validité. On peut se demander si cette tension entre un discours légaliste et une réalité parfois caractérisée par la force des effectivités, est susceptible d’être comprise au regard de certaines doctrines qui traitent des relations entre le fait et le droit. Ce volet spécifiquement théorique de la recherche consiste à examiner deux approches, par hypothèses opposées. La première pourrait suggérer une consécration du principe par le biais de la théorie normativiste élaborée par Hans Kelsen. Selon cette théorie, le droit (international) se définirait comme un ensemble cohérent de normes, chaque norme juridique tirant sa validité d’une autre norme juridique valide, ce qui semble exclure qu’une norme puisse s’appuyer sur une violation du droit. A l’analyse, le normativisme paraît néanmoins réfractaire à une reconnaissance du principe ex injuria jus non oritur, la validité du droit ne pouvant être détachée de toute considération fondée sur l’effectivité, et celle-ci pouvant même le cas échéant aboutir à la consécration d’une situation résultant d’une violation du droit. A l’opposé, on pourrait s’attendre à ce que l’approche critique, définie par référence aux travaux de l’ « école de Reims » qui se sont développés autour de Charles Chaumont, rejette ex injuria jus non oritur comme une maxime formaliste et fictive, la force du fait, et plus spécifiquement du rapport de forces, prévalant dans la réalité sociale comme facteur générateur de la création et de l’interprétation de la règle de droit. Ici encore, on détecte une certaine ambiguïté chez les auteurs analysés, lesquels ont recours en certaines occasions au droit comme à un instrument de lutte qui s’opposerait à la force et à la puissance. Finalement, la confrontation des approches normativiste et critique laisse apparaître un fil conducteur :le principe ex injuria jus non oritur n’est que le révélateur des difficultés, non seulement en pratique (comme l’a montré le volet empirique) mais aussi en théorie, de concilier les exigences idéalistes du respect du droit avec les impératifs réalistes de prendre en compte la force du fait.

En conclusion, le principe ex injuria jus non oritur se caractérise surtout par cette tension entre le droit et le fait, qui permet également d’expliquer les ambiguïtés observées dans la première partie, le principe n’étant admis en droit positif que moyennant une définition restrictive ouvrant à une certaine souplesse. Cette tension renvoie d’ailleurs à la question de l’existence même du droit international, lequel peut être présenté comme une forme sophistiquée de discours, et non comme un corps de règles régissant effectivement la réalité sociale. Dans cette perspective, il est intéressant de constater que, au-delà des stratégies discursives des Etats qui tentent de justifier certains faits accomplis sans remettre en cause le principe de légalité, il est certains précédents (comme celui du Bangladesh) où ces Etats restent tout simplement silencieux par rapport à cette question. Ainsi, l’analyse du principe ex injuria jus non oritur à l’épreuve de la pratique internationale tendrait peut-être, non pas à reconnaître la portée du principe en toute hypothèse, mais à montrer qu’au-delà d’un certain seuil de tension, le droit disparaît dans la mesure où le discours qui s’y rapporte disparaît. En définitive, la tension entre la légalité (l’existence formelle d’un ordre juridique international) et l’effectivité (laquelle ne témoigne pas toujours de l’existence de cet ordre juridique) est aussi celle qui habite le spécialiste de droit de droit international, parfois confronté aux limites de son activité et de sa discipline.

Doctorat en droit
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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GUALTIERI, MARTINA MARIA MACARENA. « Non Recognition ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/241155.

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Il non riconoscimento nel diritto internazionale il non riconoscimento presenta diverse questioni che devono essere risolte sia alla luce della sua natura, sia del suo contenuto sia dei suoi effetti. La prassi internazionali offre diversi esempi di non riconoscimento. Il presente lavoro cerca di dare ordine a questa varietà di casi cercando di capire come un’analisi di caso in caso sia l’approccio migliore per riaffermare l’importanza del non riconoscimento. Il fatto che esso presenti un contenuto diverso in base alla situazione non determina la sua non importanza. Esso anzi è uno strumento imprescindibile per garantire la tenuta dell’ordine internazionale.
Non-recognition in international law presents several questions that need to be resolved both in the light of its nature, its content and its effects. International practice offers several examples of non-recognition. The present work tries to give order to this variety of cases trying to understand how a case by case analysis is the best approach to reaffirm the importance of non-recognition. The fact that it presents a different content according to the situation which is the object of non-recognition does not determine its irrelevance. In fact, it turns out to be an indispensable tool to guarantee the preservation of the international order.

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Shmilovits, Liron. « Deus ex machina : legal fictions in private law ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/286225.

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This PhD dissertation is about legal fictions in private law. A legal fiction, broadly, is a false assumption knowingly relied upon by the courts. The main aim of the dissertation is to formulate a test for which fictions should be accepted and which rejected. Subsidiary aims include a better understanding of the fiction as a device and of certain individual fictions, past and present. This research is undertaken, primarily, to establish a rigorous system for the treatment of fictions in English law - which is lacking. Secondarily, it is intended to settle some intractable disputes, which have plagued the scholarship. These theoretical debates have hindered progress on the practical matters which affect litigants in the real world. The dissertation is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is a historical study of common-law fictions. The conclusions drawn thereform are the foundation of the acceptance test for fictions. The second chapter deals with the theoretical problems surrounding the fiction. Chiefly, it seeks precisely to define 'legal fiction', a recurrent problem in the literature. A solution, in the form of a two-pronged definition, is proposed, adding an important element to the acceptance test. The third chapter analyses modern-day fictions and recommends retention or abolition for each fiction. In the fourth chapter, the findings hitherto are synthesised into a general acceptance test for fictions. This test, which is the thesis of this work, is presented as a flowchart. It is the author's hope that this project will raise awareness as to the merits and demerits of legal fictions, de-mystify the debate and bring about reform.

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Siu, Ada Hoi Ling. « Cardioprotective effects of herba cistanche on ischemia/reperfusion injury ex vivo and oxidative injury in vitro / ». View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?BICH%202008%20SIU.

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Zhang, Liqun. « Effect of streptozotocin induced diabetes on the susceptibility of ex vivo rat heart ». Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248572.

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Fyffe, James G. « Corneal injury to ex-vivo eyes exposed to a 3.8 micron laser / ». Download the thesis in PDF, 2005. http://www.lrc.usuhs.mil/dissertations/pdf/Fyffe2005.pdf.

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Shaw, Matthew J. « Apoptosis following ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rabbit lung ex-vivo model ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq64450.pdf.

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Shaw, Matthew J. « Apoptosis following ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rabbit lung ex-vivo model ». Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30745.

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Background. Apoptosis is postulated as a mechanism involved in lung ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, however, the relative contributions of ischemia and reperfusion are unclear.
Methods. Heart-lung blocks were harvested from New Zealand white rabbits (3.0--4.0 kg) and exposed to 0, 6, or 18 hours of cold ischemia (4°C), followed by 3 hours of reperfusion in an ex vivo model. Terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), the technique used most often for detection of apoptosis, was performed on the tissue sections.
Results. TUNEL demonstrated minimal apoptosis in lungs exposed to 0, 6, or 18 hours of ischemia with insignificant differences (p = 0.6 for 0 h vs. 18 h). After one hour of reperfusion, the level of TUNEL in the 18 hour ischemic tissue was significantly increased (p < 0.05 for 0 h vs. 18 h). During the period of reperfusion, the extent of apoptosis increased in direct proportion to the duration of ischemia; the level of TUNEL staining after 2 hours of reperfusion was significantly greater in the 18 hour ischemic tissue compared to the 6 hour ischemic tissue (p < 0.05), as was the 6 hour compared to the 0 hour (p < 0.01). The hallmark of apoptosis, nucleosomal ladders of 180--200 base pair DNA fragments, corresponded in intensity on gel electrophoresis to the quantitation of TUNEL. The characteristics of apoptotic cells including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation and fragmentation were confirmed by electron microscopy.
Conclusions. These results provide evidence that apoptosis may be a specific feature of IR injury in pulmonary tissue.

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Baxter, Rebecca L. « Vulnerability of ex vivo α-motor nerve terminals to hypoxia-reperfusion injury ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4413.

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A growing body of evidence shows that presynaptic nerve terminals throughout the nervous system are vulnerable to a range of traumatic, toxic and disease-related neurodegenerative stimuli. The aim of this study was to further characterise this vulnerability by examining the response of mouse α-motor nerve terminals at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) to hypoxia-reperfusion injury. To address this aim, a novel model system was generated in which ex vivo skeletal muscle preparations could be maintained in an hypoxic environment, at an O2 concentration below in vivo normoxic values (<0.25% O2), for 2hr followed by 2hr reperfusion (2H-2R). Using this model system combined with quantitative assessment of immunohistological preparations as well as some ultrastructural observations, I present evidence to show that α-motor nerve terminals are rapidly and selectively vulnerable to hypoxia-reperfusion injury with no apparent perturbations to postsynaptic endplates or muscle fibres. I show that the severity of α-motor nerve terminal pathology is age and muscle type/location dependent: in 8-12wk old mice, nerve terminals in fast-twitch lumbrical muscles are more vulnerable than predominantly slow-twitch transversus abdominis and triangularis sterni. In 5-6 week old mice however, there is an age dependent increase in vulnerability of α-motor nerve terminals from the predominantly slow-twitch muscles while the fast-twitch lumbricals remained unaffected by age. The functional, morphological and ultrastructural pathology observed in α-motor nerve terminals following 2H-2R is indicative of selective and ongoing nerve terminal disassembly but, occurs via a mechanism distinct from Wallerian degeneration, as the neuroprotective slow Wallerian degeneration (Wlds) gene did not protect nerve terminals from these pathological changes. I also provide provisional evidence to show that 1A/II muscle spindle afferents and γ-motor nerve terminals are more resistant to hypoxia-reperfusion injury compared with α-motor nerve terminals. In addition to this, I also report preliminary finding that indicate that the oxygen storing protein, neuroglobin, maybe expressed at the mouse NMJ and report the difficulties of using mice that express yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) in their neurons for repeat/live imaging studies. Overall, these data show that the model of hypoxia-reperfusion injury developed in this study is robust and repeatable, that it induces rapid, quantitative changes in α-motor nerve terminals and that it can be used to further examine the mechanisms regulating nerve terminal vulnerability in response to hypoxia-reperfusion injuries. These findings have clinical implications for the use of surgical tourniquets and in the aetiology of many neurodegenerative diseases and neuropathic sequelae where mechanisms relating to hypoxia and hypoxia-reperfusion injury have been implicated.

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Motoyama, Hideki. « Plasmin administration during ex vivo lung perfusion ameliorates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury ». Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/200436.

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Livres sur le sujet "Ex injuria"

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Oversight of the National Football League (NFL) retirement system : Hearing before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, September 18, 2007. Washington : U.S. G.P.O., 2012.

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Washington (State). Legislature. Joint Legislative Audit and Review Committee. Follow up : 2003 performance and outcome measure review : vocational rehabilitation services to injured workers. Olympia, WA : State of Washington Joint Legislative Audit and Review Committee (JLARC), 2005.

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Committee, New Jersey Legislature General Assembly Regulatory Oversight. Committee meeting of Assembly Regulatory Oversight Committee : Testimony concerning activities of the Budget Efficiency Savings Team Commission ; testimony concerning public access to individual state trooper records ; and testimony addressing regulations dealing with head injury victims. Trenton, N.J : Office of Legislative Services, Public Information Office, Hearing Unit, 2002.

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Committee, New Jersey Legislature General Assembly Regulatory Oversight. Committee meeting of Assembly Regulatory Oversight Committee : Simplifying tax compliance and collection. [Trenton, NJ] (State House Annex, PO BOX 068, Trenton 08625-0068) : The Committee, 2000.

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Committee, New Jersey Legislature General Assembly Regulatory Oversight. Committee meeting of Assembly Regulatory Oversight Committee : Discussion on the management and operations of the Department of Environmental Protection relating to the promulgation, implementation, and enforcement of Department regulations : [February 6, 2003, Trenton, New Jersey]. Trenton, N.J : The Unit, 2003.

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Committee, New Jersey Legislature General Assembly Regulatory Oversight. Committee meeting of Assembly Regulatory Oversight Committee : Testimony concerning the barriers that formerly incarcerated individuals face when trying to reenter New Jersey communities ; and testimony on the progress of the Attorney General's stationhouse adjustment mandate : Committee Room 14, State House Annex, Trenton, New Jersey, January 22, 2007, 10:00 a.m. Trenton, NJ : Office of Legislative Services, 2007.

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Committee, New Jersey Legislature General Assembly Regulatory Oversight. Committee meeting of Assembly Regulatory Oversight Committee : Discussion of nursing home operations, quality of care, facility conditions, the role of state government in ensuring the well-being of the elderly in nursing homes, and the shortage of health-care professionals. Trenton, N.J : Office of Legislative Services, Public Information Office, Hearing Unit, 2002.

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New Jersey. Legislature. General Assembly. Regulatory Oversight Committee. Committee meeting of Assembly Regulatory Oversight Committee : Review and discussion of the New Jersey Educational Opportunity Fund program : [May 14, 2007, Trenton, New Jersey]. Trenton, NJ : The Unit, 2007.

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New Jersey. Legislature. General Assembly. Regulatory Oversight Committee. Committee meeting of Assembly Regulatory Oversight Committee : Follow-up on testimony given on previous subject matters including childhood obesity, lead poisoning, and asthma : [December 6, 2007, Trenton, New Jersey]. Trenton, NJ : Office of Legislative Services, Public Information Office, Hearing Unit, 2007.

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New Jersey. Legislature. General Assembly. Regulatory Oversight Committee. Committee meeting of Assembly Regulatory Oversight Committee : Testimony on safety in New Jersey amusement parks, sports arenas, parks, nightclubs and other entertainment venues : review current safety regulations that govern these places : [March 6, 2003, Trenton, New Jersey]. Trenton, N.J : The Unit, 2003.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Ex injuria"

Dyer, Dr Karen. « 11. General Defences ». Dans Concentrate Questions and Answers Tort Law, 161–74. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198745297.003.0011.

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Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. This chapter discusses general defences, covering key debates, sample questions, diagram answer plan, tips for getting extra marks, and online resources. To answer questions on this topic, students need to understand the following: the concept of negligence; the Occupier's Liability Acts; the defence of volenti non fit injuria; the defence of contributory negligence and the Law Reform (Contributory Negligence) Act 1945; and the defence of illegality — ex turpi causa non oritur action.

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Dyer, Dr Karen, et Dr Anil Balan. « 11. General Defences ». Dans Concentrate Questions and Answers Tort Law, 160–72. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780192865656.003.0011.

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Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. This chapter discusses general defences, covering key debates, sample questions, diagram answer plan, tips for getting extra marks, and online resources. To answer questions on this topic, students need to understand the following: the concept of negligence; the Occupier’s Liability Acts; the defence of volenti non fit injuria; the defence of contributory negligence and the Law Reform (Contributory Negligence) Act 1945; and the defence of illegality—ex turpi causa non oritur action.

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Steele, Jenny. « 7. Defences to Negligence ». Dans Tort Law, 465–502. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198853916.003.0007.

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All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter explores three defences to negligence which are also defences to other torts: volenti non fit injuria or willing assumption of risk, the illegality defence (also known as ex turpi causa), and contributory negligence. In relation to contributory negligence, the chapter considers responsibility, which involves questions both of causal influence and of fault, before turning to a discussion of apportionment of responsibility between the parties, and proportionality. In relation to illegality, recent decisions of the Supreme Court are examined. Relevant provisions of the Law Reform (Contributory Negligence) Act 1945 are extracted, together with further extracts from significant cases.

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Steele, Jenny. « 5. Defences to Negligence ». Dans Tort Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198768807.003.0005.

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All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter explores three defences to negligence which are also defences to other torts: volenti non fit injuria or willing assumption of risk, the illegality defence (also known as ex turpi causa), and contributory negligence. In relation to contributory negligence, the chapter considers responsibility, which involves questions both of causal influence and of fault, before turning to a discussion of apportionment of responsibility between the parties, and proportionality. In relation to illegality, recent decisions of the Supreme Court are examined.Relevant provisions of the Law Reform (Contributory Negligence) Act 1945 are extracted, together with further extracts from significant cases.

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Brennan, Carol, et Vera Bermingham. « 6. Defences to negligence ». Dans Tort Law Directions, 146–64. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198853923.003.0006.

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Without assuming prior legal knowledge, books in the Directions series introduce and guide readers through key points of law and legal debate. Questions, diagrams, and exercises help readers to engage fully with each subject and check their understanding as they progress. The claimant has the burden of establishing liability for the tort while the defendant has the burden of establishing the defence. If the claimant establishes a successful cause of action in tort, the defendant must plead one (or more) of the defences available to him. If the defendant establishes a successful defence, either his liability for the damage may be reduced or he may be totally absolved from liability. This chapter examines general defences applicable to all torts but which have particular relevance to claims in negligence, focusing on contributory negligence, volenti non fit injuria, and ex turpi causa non oritur actio.

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Bermingham, Vera, et Carol Brennan. « 8. Negligence : occupiers’ liability ». Dans Tort Law Directions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198805359.003.0008.

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Brennan, Carol. « 6. Defences to negligence ». Dans Tort Law Directions, 149–67. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780192855367.003.0006.

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Taylor, Stephen, et Astra Emir. « 25. Health and safety—The civil law ». Dans Employment Law, 442–60. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198806752.003.0025.

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This chapter looks at the civil law arm of health and safety law, which serves to provide compensation to employees or ex-employees who have suffered a detriment due to the unlawful actions of their employers. It focuses on personal injury claims brought to the County Court and High Court and the defences that are available for employers when faced with such litigation. The discussions cover claims due to negligence, breach of statutory duty, breach of contract and constructive dismissal, and stress-based claims.

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Pfander, James E. « Uncontested Adjudication and Standing to Sue ». Dans Cases Without Controversies, 175–90. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197571408.003.0011.

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This chapter shows that modern standing doctrine cannot be defended by reference to the history and meaning of the text of Article III. Cases, as understood in antebellum America, did not require the plaintiff to seek redress for an injury in fact inflicted by an adverse party. Instead, the term was broad enough to encompass uncontested adjudication by those asserting a claim of right in an ex parte application. The chapter invites the U.S. Supreme Court to reformulate its rule to require only a “litigable interest,” a claim of right in the form prescribed by law. Such a formulation can accommodate some aspects of the Court’s modern doctrine and the tradition of uncontested adjudication.

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Héra, Gábor, et Dóra Szegő. « Frontline Response to High Impact Domestic Violence in Hungary ». Dans Improving Frontline Responses to Domestic Violence in Europe. University of Maribor, University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-543-6.12.

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The first part of the chapter describes the legalisation of domestic violence. The Criminal Code criminalises domestic violence, including several areas of domestic violence such as emotional, physical, economic, and sexual violence. Two main limitations are that the Criminal Code does not sanction verbal abuse, and the police are obliged to file a criminal complaint ex officio only if domestic violence involves serious physical injuries. In all other cases, it is upon the request of the victim to file a criminal complaint against the offender. The second part of the chapter describes the roles of the different front-line agencies in responding to domestic violence; the police, the Child Protection Perceiving and Reporting System, the Guardianship office, the family support and child welfare services and the different NGO's that operate crisis management and different helplines. The next part of the chapter introduces the work of the National Crisis Telephone Helpline as a good practice of cooperation between stakeholders that helps victims of domestic violence and human trafficking through a free of charge telephone line. The last part shows the main challenges and shortcomings characterising the handling of domestic violence in Hungary

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Ex injuria"

Raghunathan, Smitha, Douglas Evans et Jessica Sparks. « Poroviscoelastic Modeling of Perfused Bovine Liver Tissue ». Dans ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19054.

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Blunt and penetrating liver injuries make up one-third of all abdominal injuries, and 5% of all trauma admissions are due to injuries to this organ [1]. Additionally, the majority of blunt liver injuries stem from motor vehicle crashes (Moore 2004). Validated computational models of liver are useful for understanding injury to the liver from mechanical loading. It has been shown previously that the mechanical behavior of perfused ex vivo liver closely approximates the in vivo behavior, while unperfused ex vivo liver response differs significantly from the in vivo case [2]. Therefore, to achieve a realistic approximation of in vivo liver mechanics for injury prediction, it is beneficial to adopt a constitutive model for liver that incorporates both fluid and solid phases of the tissue, to reflect this perfusion effect.

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Shetye, Snehal S., Kevin L. Troyer, Femke Streijger, Jae Lee, Brian K. Kwon, Peter Cripton et Christian M. Puttlitz. « In Vitro Nonlinear Viscoelastic Characterization of the Porcine Spinal Cord ». Dans ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14775.

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Approximately 12,400 new cases of spinal cord injuries (SCI) are reported in the United States every year. It has been estimated that the annual financial burden of SCI in the United States is approximately $7.736 billion. The mechanisms of mechanical damage to the spinal cord can be broadly classified into distraction, dislocation or contusion. Distraction injuries are predominantly caused by rapid acceleration-deceleration of the cervical spine. Vertebral burst fractures commonly result in contusion of the spinal cord and relative dislocation of adjacent vertebrae can inter-segmentally shear the spinal cord resulting in injury. Multiple studies have examined the quasi-static mechanical properties of the spinal cord [1–3]. However, considering that most spinal cord injuries occur during dynamic events with relatively high strain rates (ex: 10/s), alarmingly few studies have investigated the time-dependent mechanical characteristics of the spinal cord.

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Wang, Ai-Hua, Guang-Hao Zhang, Cheng Zhang, Xiao-Lin Huo et Tao Song. « Injury potentials of spinal cord in ex vivo compression injury model ». Dans 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7319433.

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Chernak, Laura, et Darryl G. Thelen. « The Use of Ultrasound Elastography to Assess Regional Variations in Tendon Strain ». Dans ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53739.

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Muscle-tendon loading patterns are complex, with computational models suggesting that both muscle and tendinous tissues undergo highly nonuniform deformation patterns [1]. Hence, musculoskeletal tissue injuries may alter both the morphology and mechanical interactions of muscle and tendon, potentially contributing to secondary pathologies. For example, the presence of residual scar tissue following acute strain injury likely alters force transmission across the muscle-tendon junction and contributes to re-injury risk [2]. While visual ultrasonic methods for assessing tendon strain have provided insight into overall tissue mechanics [3], no prior technique has demonstrated the ability to measure strain distributions in vivo. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the potential use of ultrasound elastography as a tool for measuring in vivo tendon strain patterns. We achieved this purpose by first developing and assessing an elastography-based approach in an ex vivo experimental setup, and then repeating the analysis on pilot ultrasonic data collected in vivo.

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Abramowitch, S. D., T. D. Clineff, R. E. Debski et S. L. Y. Woo. « An Experimental and Analytical Evaluation of the Nonlinear Viscoelastic Properties of the Healing Medial Collateral Ligament in a Goat Model ». Dans ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43075.

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The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is one of the most frequently injured ligaments in the knee. Although it can heal spontaneously after rupture, laboratory studies have shown that the mechanical properties of the healing MCL remain inferior to normal for up to two years after injury (1). Additionally, the healing MCL has been shown to display increased amounts of stress relaxation and creep (2). In order to more completely describe the viscoelastic properties of healing ligaments, we propose to use the Quasi-Linear Viscoelastic (QLV) theory formulated by Fung (1972). This theory has been used to successfully describe the viscoelastic properties of many soft-tissues (3). Recently, our research center has developed an improved approach to determine the constants describing the QLV theory based on data collected from a stress relaxation experiment that utilizes a slow strain rate during loading. This approach allows for experimental errors that commonly result from fast strain rates to be avoided (ex. overshoot) (4). Therefore, the objective of this study were to use this new approach to determine the constants describing the quasi-linear viscoelastic behavior of the healing goat MCL at 12 weeks after injury.

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Kim, Sally Yunsun, Róisín Mongey, Peizhu Wang, Matthew Hind, Mark Griffiths et Charlotte Dean. « A novel ex-vivo approach to study lung injury and repair ». Dans Abstracts from the 17th ERS Lung Science Conference : ‘Mechanisms of Acute Exacerbation of Respiratory Disease’. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.lungscienceconference-2019.op05.

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Kaninde, A., M. Wayland, M. Chomicki et R. Ramaswamy. « 40 Osteomyelitis mimicking as Non-Accidental Injury in Ex premature Infant ». Dans 10th Europaediatrics Congress, Zagreb, Croatia, 7–9 October 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2021-europaediatrics.40.

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Fyffe, James G., Donald Q. Randolph, Golda C. H. Winston et Thomas E. Johnson. « Corneal injury to ex vivo eyes exposed to a 3.8-micron laser ». Dans Biomedical Optics 2005, sous la direction de Kenneth E. Bartels, Lawrence S. Bass, Werner T. W. de Riese, Kenton W. Gregory, Henry Hirschberg, Abraham Katzir, Nikiforos Kollias et al. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.594579.

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Kim, Sally Yunsun, Róisín Mongey, Peizhu Wang, Matthew Hind, Mark Griffiths et Charlotte Dean. « LSC - 2019 - A novel ex-vivo approach to study lung injury and repair ». Dans ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.oa1899.

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Mingin, Todd, Jennifer A. Akers, Denise R. Merrill, Benjamin E. Chapman, Bernard Jones et Thomas L. Merrill. « Ex Vivo Blood Damage Measurement for an Intravascular Blood Cooling and Delivery System ». Dans ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80546.

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An intravascular cooling system was developed to provide localized cooling directly to organs. Therapeutic hypothermia has been shown to reduce both ischemic and reperfusion injury related damage in both animal models and clinically for a range of organs including the heart, brain, and kidneys [1–4]. Cooling may ultimately aid in reducing damage from heart attack and stroke as well as problems associated with other organs.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Ex injuria"

Brody, David L. Radiological-Pathological Correlations Following Blast-Related Traumatic Brain Injury in the Whole Human Brain Using ex Vivo Diffusion Tensor Imaging. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, janvier 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada597888.

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