Articles de revues : « Ex-industrial areas »

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Daineko, L., N. Karavaeva et I. Yurasova. « Redevelopment of Ex-industrial Areas in Yekaterinburg ». IOP Conference Series : Materials Science and Engineering 1079, n^o 3 (1 mars 2021) : 032093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1079/3/032093.

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Hasanah, Uswatun. « ANALYSIS OF URBAN REGIONAL PLANNING USE EX-HGU PTPN III LAND USING SIANTAR MARTOBA DISTRICT ». Journal of Economics and Business 1, n^o 2 (29 avril 2020) : 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36655/jeb.v1i2.207.

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Utilization of PTPN III Ex-HGU Land in Siantar Martoba Sub district has an area of 573.42 Ha with the largest land use being in Tanjung Pinggir Sub-District with utilization area of 487.40 Ha. PTPN III's Ex-HGU Land Use Analysis was analyzed using the highest and best land use analysis through 3 of them: Physical aspects referring to SNI-03-1733-2004 regarding the procedures for planning the urban environment, Legality aspects, and cost aspects involving Local Government Organizations in the Focus Discussion Group. The results of the analysis can be concluded that the Utilization of the Ex-HGU Land of PTPN III is planned in 3 (three) stages for 15 years namely: Phase I (2020-2024) Settlement and Industrial Areas, Phase II (2025-2029) of Industrial and Trade Industrial Areas, and Public Facilities Area, Phase III (2030-2034) Settlement and Environmental Areas I, Settlement and Environmental Areas II with a total planning cost of IDR 2.936.816.327.250. In the planning of PTPN III's ex-HGU land, it not only determines land use planning but also involves several stakeholders, namely government institutions, both central and regional with all ranks, private institutions as users of the area, as well as the community as the development, community as actors of development (stakeholders) also as the owner of the development (shareholder).

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Dedaj, Xhilda, et Sonila Papathimiu. « Environment Impact of Ex-Industrial Areas in Laç and Rubik and the Possibilities for Their Functional Transformation- a Comparative Analysis ». European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 9, n^o 1 (6 octobre 2017) : 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v9i1.p184-193.

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Industrial areas in Albania have had an important role for many years during the communist regime, but their industrial function declined after the 1990s. This study focuses on the industrial areas of Laç and Rubik, two small towns in Albania. The closing of some industrial activities in these towns has increased environmental pollution and health issues of their inhabitants due to the release of toxic substances in the territory. There were chosen these two towns to compare because: First, they are near each other and are part of the same District of Lezha; Second, they both are two ex-industrial towns which were created by the establishment of the industry, former Chemical and Metallurgical Combine in Laç and former Copper Plant in Rubik; third, in both towns the industry has caused environmental pollution in their vicinity, but mostly on the waters of Mat river; fourth, after the year 1990, when the industry that created them has stopped functioning, they have good possibilities to develop religious tourism. In both towns are two important and much-visited churches: the Church of St. Ndout, Laç and the Church of Shelbuemi in Rubik. Another reason is the lack of studies for the ex-industrial areas in Albania, especially for Laç and Rubik. The main aim of this study is to identify and assess the levels of pollution caused by ex-industrial building (actually not functioning) on land, air, water, and human health and to find the best way for their effective reuse and functional transformation.

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Nuryadin, Egi, et Alyaa Nabiila. « Potential Development of Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk or Pimpinella alpine Kds) Plant Scale Industry Using In-Vitro Culture Technique By Means of Rooting Induction ». Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 3, n^o 3 (31 décembre 2018) : 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.38849.

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Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk or Pimpinella alpine KDS) belongs to the Apiaceae family, is an endemic plant in mountainous areas such as the Dieng Plateau, Pangrango Mountain, and mountainous areas in East Java. Parts of the plants, especially roots are efficacious as aphrodisiacs, diuretic drugs and tonics. Based on CITES, this plant belongs to the category of endangered species, so its presence is very rare in nature. This scarcity occurs due to the purwoceng exploitation in nature as traditional herbal medicine without any cultivation or rejuvenation. In situ conservation efforts are almost impossible because the original habitat of this plant has become extinct. Thus, ex situ conservation is more suitable to be applied, by using in-vitro culture techniques. Therefore, a research study is needed on the development of tissue culture techniques in the production of the seeds. Methods of data collection in this study was conducted by literature studies. Therefore, ex-vitro root induction techniques are applied currently, namely rooting induction. The content of the chemical compounds and various properties make purwoceng as a commodity in the raw materials of drugs that have great potential to promote industrial players in the economic field. Based on the results from the literature, the authors can conclude that the potential of purwoceng plants is quite large, but still constrained by the scarcity of seed supply so the application of ex-vitro root induction techniques in in-vitro culture can be a solution in limitation of supply of purwoceng crops for industrial scale. Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk or Pimpinella alpine KDS) belongs to the Apiaceae family, is an endemic plant in mountainous areas such as the Dieng Plateau, Pangrango Mountain, and mountainous areas in East Java. Parts of the plants, especially roots are efficacious as aphrodisiacs, diuretic drugs and tonics. Based on CITES, this plant belongs to the category of endangered species, so its presence is very rare in nature. This scarcity occurs due to the purwoceng exploitation in nature as traditional herbal medicine without any cultivation or rejuvenation. In situ conservation efforts are almost impossible because the original habitat of this plant has become extinct. Thus, ex situ conservation is more suitable to be applied, by using in-vitro culture techniques. Therefore, a research study is needed on the development of tissue culture techniques in the production of the seeds. Methods of data collection in this study was conducted by literature studies. Therefore, ex-vitro root induction techniques are applied currently, namely rooting induction. The content of the chemical compounds and various properties make purwoceng as a commodity in the raw materials of drugs that have great potential to promote industrial players in the economic field. Based on the results from the literature, the authors can conclude that the potential of purwoceng plants is quite large, but still constrained by the scarcity of seed supply so the application of ex-vitro root induction techniques in in-vitro culture can be a solution in limitation of supply of purwoceng crops for industrial scale.

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Ларичева, Елена, et Elena Laricheva. « SOCIO-ECONOMIC MEASURES OF SOUTHWEST AREAS DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRYANSK REGION, MOST AFFECTED BY CHERNOBYL DISASTER ». Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2016, n^o 5 (30 décembre 2016) : 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_58f9c4d9bf3f65.94875296.

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The population of southwest regions of the Bryansk region (Novozybkovsky, Krasnogorsk, Zlyn-kovsky, Gordeevsky, Klintsy, Klimovsk and Starodub regions) was most exposed to radiation from the Cher-nobyl accident. For reducing social and economic consequences of the accident it is necessary to increase population welfare, to create a social and attractive business envi-ronment, to promote innovative development of the industry, increase of the birth rate, growth of life ex-pectancy of citizens, formation of civil society, and also to control the city and the region effectively. The article distinguishes the main socio-economic problems of southwest regions of the Bryansk region, such as poor production development, low level of the salary, low level of investment into the fixed capital, poor health care, leaving of youth, etc. For development of southwest regions of the Bryansk region it is necessary to increase enterprise activity through creation of industrial and agro-industrial clusters. It is also recommended to create Centre of economic development of southwest regions of the Bryansk region and transport-logistical center.

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Somoza-Medina, Xosé, et Obdulia Monteserín-Abella. « The Sustainability of Industrial Heritage Tourism Far from the Axes of Economic Development in Europe : Two Case Studies ». Sustainability 13, n^o 3 (21 janvier 2021) : 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031077.

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The transformation of mining and industrial spaces into tourist spaces is part of the debate surrounding the profound changes in the contemporary economies of developed European countries. The loss of competitive power of their traditional companies, the obsolescence of many manufacturing facilities, and the take-off of other industrial economies in remote parts of the world have led to the closure of thousands of mines and factories, with the approval of environmental groups. In some privileged places, these ex-industrialized spaces have recovered environmentally, been allocated aid for socio-economic reconversion, and reoriented the old mines and factories (now converted into industrial heritage), towards cultural and tourist uses. The successful examples of Ironbridge, Zollverein or Wieliczka, have created the illusion to managers, owners, and local population of being able to turn almost any ruin of the industrial and mining past into a tourist attraction. Starting in the 1990s, many ex-industrial spaces, which were far from the main urban centres, opted for this tourist transformation as a lifeline to slow down the loss of population and economic activities. Sometime after these projects of industrial tourism, the result can be evaluated with objective data that question the sustainability of the model and the resilience of these places. This paper focuses on questioning the sustainability and resilience of the tourist transformation of two former mining areas located in Spain (Almadén and Sabero), far from the axes of economic development.

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Ermolli, Sergio, et Giuliano Galluccio. « Data-driven urban regeneration : university housing in the ex-Corradini factory in Naples ». TECHNE - Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment, n^o 24 (26 juillet 2022) : 218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/techne-12863.

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This paper develops a decision-making methodology for urban regeneration projects based on the use of data-driven procedures and technologies for the conversion of former industrial areas to residential use. The proposed approach is aimed at the elaboration of an information management protocol for the generation of design scenarios, starting from the assessment of the regulatory and technical compatibility of the possible transformations with the existing constraints. This paper describes the application of the methodology to several buildings in the ex-Corradini complex in Naples to be used for different types of residential functions, in a framework of high uncertainty and complexity, also due to the inaccessibility and abandonment of the site.

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Garba, Terfa E., Reena L. Richard, Nor Ezzawanis A. Thani, Mohamad Azlan A. Majid, Mutari Lawal et Nura A. Yelwa. « Geological Effects on Water Quality : A Review of Issues and Challenges in Malaysia ». Sains Malaysiana 50, n^o 7 (31 juillet 2021) : 1857–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5007-03.

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Malaysian source of water for household and industrial use is derived mainly from surface sources. The increasing demand for quality water for household consumption and industrial use has posed a great challenge to the otherwise abundant but scarce natural resources. This paper examines the important challenges associated with the deteriorating water quality in Peninsular Malaysia. Quality water enhances one’s good health. Therefore, evaluating health risk as a result of heavy metals introduction through drinking water from various geological activities like the ex-mining ponds in Klang Valley is worthy to note. Heavy metals which are one of the sources of contaminants, due to their solubility are transported from their source (mining, agricultural, and industrial) to groundwater. There is a linkage between land-use change (activities) such as logging, agriculture, urbanization, mining, and industrial activities as a potential source of contaminants, this is further conflated by the hydrogeology of the areas which show a shallow aquifer system predominantly associated with alluvial and carbonate. Also, microbial contamination had affected water sources. Given that more of the aquifer systems in Peninsular Malaysia are shallow, this makes it very easy for groundwater sources around Malaysia to be contaminated. The industrialisation and urbanisation in Malaysia, as well as the growing population, posed a great challenge to water quality. This paper highlights the key challenges and possible solutions to water quality management in Malaysia.

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Gravagnuolo, Antonia, Mariarosaria Angrisano et Luigi Fusco Girard. « Circular Economy Strategies in Eight Historic Port Cities : Criteria and Indicators Towards a Circular City Assessment Framework ». Sustainability 11, n^o 13 (26 juin 2019) : 3512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133512.

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The circular city is emerging as new concept and form of practice in sustainable urban development. This is a response to the complex and pressing challenges of urbanization, as highlighted in the New Urban Agenda (NUA). The concept of a “circular city” or “circular city-region” derives from the circular economy model applied in the spatial territorial dimension. It can be associated with the concept of a “self-sustainable” regenerative city, as stated in paragraph n.71 of the NUA. This paper aims to develop an extensive form of “screening” of circular economy actions in emerging circular cities, focusing on eight European historic port cities self-defined as “circular”. The analysis is carried out as a review of circular economy actions in the selected cities, and specifically aims to identify the key areas of implementation in which the investments in the circular economy are more oriented, as well as to analyze the spatial implications of the reuse of buildings and sites, proposing a set of criteria and indicators for ex-ante and ex-post evaluations and monitoring of circular cities. Results show that the built environment (including cultural heritage), energy and mobility, waste management, water management, industrial production (including plastics, textiles, and industry 4.0 and circular design), agri-food, and citizens and communities can be adopted as strategic areas of implementation of the circular city model in historic cities, highlighting a lack of indicators in some sectors and identifying a possible framework for “closed” urban metabolism evaluation from a life-cycle perspective, focusing on evaluation criteria and indicators in the (historic) built environment.

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Simic, Ivan, Aleksandra Stupar, Aleksandar Grujicic, Vladimir Mihajlov et Marija Cvetkovic. « The Transformation of Dorćol Power Plant : Triggering a Sustainable Urban Regeneration or Selling the Heritage ? » Sustainability 14, n^o 1 (4 janvier 2022) : 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010523.

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The power plant “Power and Light” (1932, Belgrade) was the first one to generate alternating current in Serbia. Situated along the Danube river, it represented a part of an industrial area positioned in the Dorćol neighborhood, close to the urban core. Since 2005, the whole area has been exposed to a significant transformation into a luxurious residential and commercial complex, triggered by the intentions of private investors and directed by the ideas of changing city authorities. Considering the unpredictable local context created by the dominant post-socialist transitional economy, the article focuses on the sensitive relationship between the social sustainability of the ongoing urban regeneration plans and the emerging neoliberal forces targeting the areas of industrial heritage. Consequently, the case of the Dorćol ex-power plant and the anticipated changes in its urban surrounding are analyzed according to the selected principles of social sustainability. Revealing numerous controversies, both on the level of preferred urban policies and their questionable application, this case addresses the problems of heritage (re)use and regeneration in an environment of fast-shifting governmental priorities and financial flows, with reduced receptivity to sustainable solutions.

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Junaidi, Junaidi, et Eric K. H. Goh. « INTEGRATED REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR MODELING ECONOMIC REHABILITATION DEVELOPMENT OF EX-MINE SITES ». ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 25, n^o 2 (22 novembre 2017) : 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.241.

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The potential environmental impacts of mining, increasing environmental legislation and public awareness have received increased attention world-wide in the last two decades. The focus of concern by the industry, environmental regulatory agencies and members of the public is the systematic rehabilitation of ex-mine sites to improve the quality at site for potential future commercial land use. The minerals extracted from these mine/quarry sites are essential in the construction, semiconductor, high-technology, ceramic and other manufacturing sectors for further industrial development. However, efficient engineering design and systematic economic evaluation of mine sites for site rehabilitation are required in maintaining the expected standards of environmental compliance. With escalating production costs and the keen competitiveness of the mining industry world-wide, the necessity to increase the efficiency in site rehabilitation is getting more prominence. A coordinated environmental protection and rehabilitation programme is essential if the environmental awareness of the community and the demands of the respective planning authorities are to be accommodated. There is thus a need to increase the base of knowledge for efficient planning in the systematic and progressive rehabilitation of current and future ex-mine sites. An efficient modeling tool is required for the systematic planning and design of potential economic land development of ex-mine sites. The applicability of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology is a useful tool to acquire spatial information for the systematic design and planning of potential development of ex-mine sites. This research was conducted to detect the trends in the suitability of land cover changes via land cover change detection of ex-mine sites and validated with reality. The findings are useful to assist in the development of a tool for efficient modeling and design of potential economic development of ex-mine sites. The aim of this research is to quantify, model and map the economic potential of the ex-mine sites for built up areas such as housing and other urban infrastructures. Land cover classes were interpreted into maps and the accuracy of the maps were validated to reference data and actual ground scenarios. The study for validation of the proposed modeling tool was carried out using the large prominent mining area in Malaysia namely the Kinta District. Results from the validation study carried out indicate that the correlation of the results obtained from this Integrated Remote Sensing and GIS tool for modeling to field data is in the range of 0.87-0.92 which is acceptable and close to reality.

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Holechek, Jerry L., Hatim M. E. Geli, Andres F. Cibils et Mohammed N. Sawalhah. « Climate Change, Rangelands, and Sustainability of Ranching in the Western United States ». Sustainability 12, n^o 12 (17 juin 2020) : 4942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124942.

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Accelerated climate change is a global challenge that is increasingly putting pressure on the sustainability of livestock production systems that heavily depend on rangeland ecosystems. Rangeland management practices have low potential to sequester greenhouse gases. However, mismanagement of rangelands and their conversion into ex-urban, urban, and industrial landscapes can significantly exacerbate the climate change process. Under conditions of more droughts, heat waves, and other extreme weather events, management of risks (climate, biological, financial, political) will probably be more important to the sustainability of ranching than capability to expand output of livestock products in response to rising demand due to population growth. Replacing traditional domestic livestock with a combination of highly adapted livestock and game animals valued for both hunting and meat may be the best strategy on many arid rangelands. Eventually, traditional ranching could become financially unsound across large areas if climate change is not adequately addressed. Rangeland policy, management, and research will need to be heavily focused on the climate change problem.

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Kapusta, Paweł, Grażyna Szarek-Łukaszewska, Barbara Godzik et Barbara Łopata. « Recent Nitrogen Deposition In Poland Monitored With The Moss Pleurozium Schreberi ». Polish Botanical Journal 59, n^o 1 (1 juillet 2014) : 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pbj-2014-0018.

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Abstract In this study, atmospheric deposition of nitrogen was determined for Poland by moss biomonitoring. Nitrogen content was measured in the moss Pleurozium schreberi (Willd. ex Brid.) Mitt. sampled in 2010 from 320 sites evenly distributed throughout the country. Mosses (green parts) contained an average 1.56% nitrogen. The result places Poland among the European countries most polluted by airborne nitrogen. The highest nitrogen concentrations were found in mosses from the central and southern parts of the country, and the lowest in samples from some eastern and northern regions. Multiple regression showed that this variability was due mostly to nitrogen emissions from agricultural and industrial areas (moss nitrogen was positively associated with the consumption of mineral nitrogen fertilizers and the magnitude of particulate pollution). Some details of the spatial variability of the nitrogen data indicate that local and regional point sources of pollution (e.g., chemical plants) played an important role in shaping the nitrogen deposition pattern

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Santos, Sérgio Ricardo, Veronica Takatsuka, Shayra P. Bonatelli, Nicole L. L. Amaral, Matheus F. Goés et Rafael F. Valle. « Courtship and Reproduction of the Whitetip Reef Shark Triaenodon obesus (Carcharhiniformes : Carcharhinidae) in an Ex Situ Environment, with a Description of the Late Embryonic Developmental Stage ». Animals 12, n^o 23 (25 novembre 2022) : 3291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12233291.

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Elasmobranchs represent a group of species under considerable anthropic pressure because of the scale of industrial and artisanal fisheries and the loss of essential areas for nursery and feeding, which are causing substantial population losses around the world. Reproduction in an ex situ environment enables a healthy population to be built and maintained in networks of public aquariums, increasing our knowledge of elasmobranch reproductive biology and offering the opportunity for reintroductions in areas where native populations have been removed. The study reports two successful pregnancies of the whitetip reef shark Triaenodon obesus, considered a vulnerable species by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. Copulation and gestation data are provided, including ultrasound recordings of the late stage of embryo development. Ultrasonography was performed with the GE Logiq and convex transducer and revealed a fetus with defined fins and organogenesis, with definition of eyes, gills, liver, a heart with individualized chambers, partially defined kidneys, and a well-defined spiral intestine. A cartilaginous skeleton forming a posterior acoustic shadow was detailed, as well as a moving fetus with a biparietal diameter of 6.47 cm and a heart rate of 62 Beats Per Minute on spectral Doppler. This is the first successful reproduction of T. obesus in an aquarium in Brazil.

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Alekseev, Sergey G. « A Brief history of the chemical transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene ». Butlerov Communications 62, n^o 4 (30 avril 2020) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-62-4-1.

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The results of works published in the open press over the past 100 years on the possibilities of converting one of the most well-known and widely used blasting explosives (EX) – 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT, TOL, TNT) into "conversion" chemical products are summarized having a diverse and commercially attractive application. Examples of the first industrial use of TNT are not given as explosives, but as inexpensive and affordable chemical raw materials for the production of components of photosensitive compositions. The reasons for the second more intensive period of development of works (late 20th – early 21st centuries) on revealing the synthetic potential of TNT are noted. The most promising areas of work are discussed: the synthesis of polyfunctional organic compounds of a carbo (hetero) cyclic structure, interesting as biologically active substances, precursors for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, original polymers and resins, etc. The article makes assumptions about the reasons for the fact that so far TNT has not found wide practical application as an almost universal starting compound for obtaining a wide range of products of small and large-tonnage organic intesa. Using examples of the results of their own work on obtaining original, effective dyes and pigments, sorption-active compounds, structural analogues of hard-to-reach, but practically significant natural substances, the authors suggest ways of involving TNT in the practice of industrial organic synthesis.

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Salman, Ata ul Rauf, Signe Marit Hyrve, Samuel Konrad Regli, Muhammad Zubair, Bjørn Christian Enger, Rune Lødeng, David Waller et Magnus Rønning. « Catalytic Oxidation of NO over LaCo1−xBxO3 (B = Mn, Ni) Perovskites for Nitric Acid Production ». Catalysts 9, n^o 5 (8 mai 2019) : 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9050429.

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Nitric acid (HNO3) is an important building block in the chemical industry. Industrial production takes place via the Ostwald process, where oxidation of NO to NO2 is one of the three chemical steps. The reaction is carried out as a homogeneous gas phase reaction. Introducing a catalyst for this reaction can lead to significant process intensification. A series of LaCo1−xMnxO3 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1) and LaCo1−yNiyO3 (y = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1) were synthesized by a sol-gel method and characterized using N2 adsorption, ex situ XRD, in situ XRD, SEM and TPR. All samples had low surface areas; between 8 and 12 m2/g. The formation of perovskites was confirmed by XRD. The crystallite size decreased linearly with the degree of substitution of Mn/Ni for partially doped samples. NO oxidation activity was tested using a feed (10% NO and 6% O2) that partly simulated nitric acid plant conditions. Amongst the undoped perovskites, LaCoO3 had the highest activity; with a conversion level of 24.9% at 350 °C; followed by LaNiO3 and LaMnO3. Substitution of LaCoO3 with 25% mol % Ni or Mn was found to be the optimum degree of substitution leading to an enhanced NO oxidation activity. The results showed that perovskites are promising catalysts for NO oxidation at industrial conditions.

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Ahmad, Gufran, et Abrar A. Khan. « Pumpkin : Horticultural Importance and Its Roles in Various Forms ; a Review ». International Journal of Horticulture & ; Agriculture 4, n^o 1 (16 février 2019) : 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15226/2572-3154/4/1/00124.

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Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch ex Poir) is one of the important among the vegetable crops and native of Mexico and extensively cultivated in India, Africa, Latin America, Southern Asia and the United States. Since past times it is in the diet of agronomic and some metropolitan areas throughout the world while today pumpkin is more analyzed crop mid-October horticulture, commercial, industrialization, and research. There are few of scientific studies on its physiological, chemical, physicochemical, nutritional, functional and technological characteristics. There is some scientific literature on pumpkin has been highlighting its importance as a source of α and β-carotene, lutein, vitamin C (Ascorbic acid), dietary fibers, minerals etc and these nutritional and bioactive components are very important for providing benefits to human health. Many of the researchers agree to indicate that more of the scientific investigations are needed to achieve greater and better utilization of this important pumpkin crop. This review will focus on nutritional, minerals, physical, phytochemical, medicinal, industrial and some technological approaches of the pumpkin. Keywords: Diet; ethnomedicine; horticulture; nutrition; lphytochemical; pumpkin

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González-Vega, Jesús Gabriel, Juan Carlos García-Ramos, Rocio Alejandra Chavez-Santoscoy, Javier Emmanuel Castillo-Quiñones, María Evarista Arellano-Garcia et Yanis Toledano-Magaña. « Lung Models to Evaluate Silver Nanoparticles’ Toxicity and Their Impact on Human Health ». Nanomaterials 12, n^o 13 (5 juillet 2022) : 2316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12132316.

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Nanomaterials (NMs) solve specific problems with remarkable results in several industrial and scientific areas. Among NMs, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been extensively employed as drug carriers, medical diagnostics, energy harvesting devices, sensors, lubricants, and bioremediation. Notably, they have shown excellent antimicrobial, anticancer, and antiviral properties in the biomedical field. The literature analysis shows a selective cytotoxic effect on cancer cells compared to healthy cells, making its potential application in cancer treatment evident, increasing the need to study the potential risk of their use to environmental and human health. A large battery of toxicity models, both in vitro and in vivo, have been established to predict the harmful effects of incorporating AgNPs in these numerous areas or those produced due to involuntary exposure. However, these models often report contradictory results due to their lack of standardization, generating controversy and slowing the advances in nanotoxicology research, fundamentally by generalizing the biological response produced by the AgNP formulations. This review summarizes the last ten years’ reports concerning AgNPs’ toxicity in cellular respiratory system models (e.g., mono-culture models, co-cultures, 3D cultures, ex vivo and in vivo). In turn, more complex cellular models represent in a better way the physical and chemical barriers of the body; however, results should be used carefully so as not to be misleading. The main objective of this work is to highlight current models with the highest physiological relevance, identifying the opportunity areas of lung nanotoxicology and contributing to the establishment and strengthening of specific regulations regarding health and the environment.

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Stupar, Aleksandra, et Aleksandra Djukic. « Patchwork or matrix : Testing the capacity of the contemporary city ». Spatium, n^o 15-16 (2007) : 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat0716001s.

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Being exposed to the multiple needs of their contemporary users, the cities from all over the world have been forced to activate all capacities in order to intensify their land use, adjust their urban structure and reinvent some forgotten segments (ex-industrial areas, traffic nodes, docks, waterfronts) as generators of multilayered transformations and mutations. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare different approaches of this practice, as well as to emphasize the relation between the applied global imperatives/trends/myths, local conditions and limitations, and the outcomes. Consequently, the first part will be structured around four key-words which often "justify" and activate multifunctional and intensive land use - connectivity, profit, identity and sustainability. The second part will be focused on the case of Serbia, describing a unique postmodern example of the fusion of local and global influences. The multifunctional land use in this case is a result of numerous political and economic problems, the plurality of values and (il)legal transformations of urban structure. This condition has finally affected the rising need for urban redesign, the re-organization and revitalization of city centers, fringe areas, devastated and degraded urban zones, as well as the development of existing transport and communication networks i.e. improvement of urban and regional connectivity. Additionally, the "model of territorial values" will be explained as a planning tool which could be used in order to increase the level of urban attractiveness, define urban parameters and estimate land values. .

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Shevade, Sakshi. « Management of Agricultural Produces and Lifecycle ». International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, n^o 5 (31 mai 2022) : 2062–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42615.

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Abstract: The agricultural revolution was the key development in the rise of human civilization. It’s a varied field that produces a wide array of products which are important to us. As our global populations are growing faster the competition for natural resources will increase resulting in pressure on agricultural production of food, fiber, energy, various high-value by-products, etc. With upgraded concerns related to environmental impacts associated with the needs of a growing population, a life cycle assessment (LCA) framework will help to determine areas of greatest impact. The LCA methodology was mainly developed for industrial operations but we are using them in a wider range of fields which includes agriculture. Many factors increase the complexity of determining impacts associated with agricultural production The lack of consistent methodology of some impacts that are of major concern to agriculture (e.g., land and water usage) increases the difficulty or complications of this analysis. This paper attempts to review some of these issues and give perspective to the LCA expert in the field of agriculture. Keywords: Life cycle assessment, Ex-ante LCA, Technology assessment, New technology, Emerging technology

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Achmad, B., D. Diniyati et M. Siarudin. « The tradition of farming in the State Forest Area : lesson learned from Batulanteh’s Production Forest Management Unit, West Nusa Tenggara Province ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 917, n^o 1 (1 novembre 2021) : 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/917/1/012005.

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Abstract The research is targeted to identify the motivation of farming, the history of occupation, and the effects on the farmers’ livelihood employing an ex-ante approach that provides potential clues about tenurial factors. Data are collected through interviews and focus group discussions with 34 farmers and 10 key persons and analyzed descriptively. The research revealed that the farmers’ residential status are mostly migrant from Lombok Regency. They have been farming for 22 years since Perhutani Company recruited laborers for reforestation program. Economic pressure is presumably being the most reason for farmers to migrate to and cultivate the state forest areas. The changes authority of forest from Perhutani to forestry service, change the policy of forest management too, and unsettle the farmers. This anxiety can be decreased by increasing the sources of farmers’ income through training such as how to produce beverage juice from cashew fruit flesh and raising honey bees. In this regard, cooperation between industrial ministry, trade ministry, local government, and farmer groups is required, particularly for forest product marketing assistance. Additionally, a forest conservation agent is urgent to regenerate from the local farmers.

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Egidi, Gianluca, Rares Halbac-Cotoara-Zamfir, Sirio Cividino, Giovanni Quaranta, Luca Salvati et Andrea Colantoni. « Rural in Town : Traditional Agriculture, Population Trends, and Long-Term Urban Expansion in Metropolitan Rome ». Land 9, n^o 2 (12 février 2020) : 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9020053.

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Mediterranean regions have experienced a shift from accelerated urban growth typical of a post-industrial phase to a more recent spatial delocalization of population and economic activities reflecting discontinuous settlement expansion, land take, and the abandonment of cultivated areas around central cities. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of land-use, settlement, and demographic indicators, the present study explores urban growth and population density over a sufficiently long time period in a metropolitan region of Southern Europe (Rome, Italy). Local-scale population trends were compared with the evolution of the primary sector (workers in agriculture, number of farms, cultivated land) between 1951 and 2011. Our results indicate non-linear growth waves alternating compact and discontinuous expansion shaping fringe land. The future development of metropolitan regions is increasingly dependent on the relationship between urban diffusion and economic viability of peri-urban agriculture. Crop abandonment and land take rates increase in local contexts where peri-urban agriculture rapidly declines. Policies managing ex-urban development and promoting the recovery of fringe soils are increasingly required to contain the expansion of dispersed settlements and preserve relict agricultural systems from land conversion to urban use.

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Omelchuk, Oksana, Oleg Orlov et Marina Ragulina. « Habitat’s diversity of RLP «Stil’ske horbogirya» ». Proceedings of the State Natural History Museum, n^o 38 (1 février 2023) : 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36885/nzdpm.2022.38.53-62.

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The habitats of «Stilske Gorbohirya» RLP and adjacent territories were studied, their sozological value was assessed. 34 types of habitat have been identified in the study area, which by origin can be divided into 2 groups: anthropogenic (15) and natural (19). Anthropogenic habitats are represented by permanent mesotrophic lakes, ponds and pools (C1.2), highly artificial broadleaved deciduous forestry plantations (G1.C) and coniferous plantations (G3.F), scattered residential agrocultural and public buildings (J2.1), rural industrial and commercial sites still in active use (J2.3), trampled areas (Н5.6), active opencast mineral extraction sites, including quarries (J3.2), recently abandoned above-ground spaces of extractive industrial sites (J3.3), disused underground mines and tunnels (Н1.7) as well as agricultural land: mixed crops of market gardens and horticulture (І1.2), anthropogenic herb stands (Е5.1), unttendent fruit and nut tree orchards (G1.D) permanent mesotrophic pastures and aftermath-grazed meadows (Е2.1). The vegetation of anthropogenic settlements is represented by the classes: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea TX. 1937 – on fallow lands, Galio-Urticetea Passarge ex Kopecký 1969 – in old gardens and on paths; Artemisietea vulgaris Lohmeyer et al. in Tx. ex Von. Rochow 1951 – on the territory of quarries. Natural habitats are represented by springs and spring brooks (С2.1), permanent non-tidal, smooth-flowing watercourses (C2.3), temporary running waters (C2.5), water-fringing reedbeds and tall helophytes other than canes (C3.2), sparsely vegetated shores with soft or mobile sediments (C3.6), beds of large sedges normally without free-standing water (D5.2), inland sand and rock with open vegetation (E1.1), moist or wet eutrophic and mesotrophic grassland (E3.4), thermophile woodland fringes (Е5.2), Pteridium aquilinum fields (Е 5.3), temperate thickets and scrub (F3.1), riverine scrub (F9.1), riverine willow woodland (G1.1), mixed riparian floodplain and gallery woodland (G1.2), beech woodland (G1.6), scots pine woodland south of the taiga (G3.4), open cave entrances (Н1.1), calcareous and ultra-basic screes of warm exposures (H2.6) basic and ultra-basic inland cliffs (H3.2). 17 species of vascular plants were identified in the Red Book of Ukraine and 5 regionally rare species, also among mosses - 13 regionally rare species and two new ones for the Opillia region. The habitats of wet mesotrophic (floodplain) meadows, thermophilic edges, and beech forests have the greatest conservation value, where the largest number of rare plant species of European importance, the Red Book of Ukraine, and regional nature conservation lists are concentrated.

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Filiz, Ibrahim, Jan René Judek, Marco Lorenz et Markus Spiwoks. « Sticky Stock Market Analysts ». Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, n^o 12 (9 décembre 2021) : 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14120593.

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Technological progress in recent years has made new methods available for making forecasts in a variety of areas. We examine the success of ex-ante stock market forecasts of three major stock market indices, i.e., the German Stock Market Index (DAX), the Dow Jones Industrial Index (DJI), and the Euro Stoxx 50 (SX5E). We test whether the forecasts prove true when they reach their effective dates and are therefore suitable for active investment strategies. We revive the thoughts of the American sociologist William Fielding Ogburn, who argues that forecasters consistently underestimate the variability of the future. In addition, we draw on some contemporary measures of forecast quality (prediction-realization diagram, test of unbiasedness, and Diebold–Mariano test). We reveal that (a) unusual events are underrepresented in the forecasts, (b) the dispersion of the forecasts lags behind that of the actual events, (c) the slope of the regression lines in the prediction-realization diagram is <1, (d) the forecasts are highly biased, and (e) the quality of the forecasts is not significantly better than that of naïve forecasts. The overall behavior of the forecasters can be described as “sticky” because their forecasts adhere too strongly to long-term trends in the indices and are thus characterized by conservatism.

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Rudokas, Kastytis, Huriye Armagan Dogan, Odeta Viliūnienė, Jurga Vitkuvienė et Indrė Gražulevičiūtė-Vileniškė. « Office-Nature Integration Trends and Forest-Office Concept FO-AM ». Architecture and Urban Planning 16, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2020) : 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aup-2020-0007.

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Abstract For sustainable development, it is important to ensure healthy life and well-being for all ages, promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, productive employment and decent work, take urgent action to combat climate change and its effects and protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems. Taking into account the negative effects of climate change, the degrading effects of contemporary conventional industrial scale agricultural practices, the declining everyday physical activity of the working age people in developed countries, and other problems related to indoor work, this research proposes the office concept entitled FO-AM (Forest-Office Administrative (function) Movement) that allows to gradually move from sitting to walking while working in purposefully created or adapted forest areas. Numerous studies have been conducted on the positive effects of the natural environment on human health and productivity. A study published by Australian researchers revealed that sitting time is directly linked to all-cause mortality. While research results call for effective innovations for reducing the amount of time spent sitting and encouraging people, especially urban residents, to connect with nature, no effective holistic solutions have been found yet. The article presents a literature review on the contemporary office-nature space integration trends and the existing technical and design solutions and contemporary re-naturalization practices of ex-urban areas and presents the conceptual idea of landscape technology FO-AM allowing to transfer the functions of administrative buildings to the semi-natural and natural environment, including partially anthropogenic environment, park, forest park and natural forest, and in this way to address public health and well-being, economic innovation and climate change issues, thus contributing to the long-term sustainability goals.

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Morais, Gabriela Corrêa, Rafael Tassinari Resende et Lázaro José Chaves. « Improve for better use : exploitation potential, advances and gaps in the conservation and breeding of Hancornia speciosa – A review ». TreeDimensional 09 (27 septembre 2022) : 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55746/treed.2022.09.005.

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Amidst the flora richness of the Brazilian Cerrado, a group of fruit species widely consumed by local communities stands out. Hancornia speciosa Gomes (mangaba tree or mangabeira), a native fruit tree, arouses the interest of the agro-industrial sector, but has been suffering from the advances of anthropogenic activities in its areas of natural occurrence. This review aims to present the main aspects related to the biology, ecology and exploitation potential of H. speciosa, as well as the advances and gaps in efforts for its conservation and breeding. The mangaba tree is found with greater incidence in areas covered by the Cerrado biome, in addition to the coastal plateaus and coastal lowlands of the Northeast of Brazil. Older botanical classifications suggest the existence of six botanical varieties for the species, with the exchange of pollen grains between any of them potentially viable. In 2020, Brazil produced the equivalent of 1933 tons of mangaba, which can be consumed fresh or processed and has a high nutritional value and important pharmacological properties. Accessions of H. speciosa are safeguarded ex situ, in vivo, by research institutions and public universities in the North, Northeast and Midwest regions. Although there are no commercial cultivars so far, some germplasm collections have already managed to select candidates for parents with emphasis on productivity and fruit quality. The food and pharmacological potential of H. speciosa here described and the continuous exploration and degradation of its natural habitats make efforts related to its conservation and breeding pertinent. Such activities will allow the maintenance of its genetic resources, as well as the expansion of its production and consumption chains beyond the local scale.

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Becerra-López, Jorge Luis, Rigoberto Rosales-Serna, Muhammad Ehsan, Jesús Salvador Becerra-López, Alexander Czaja, José Luis Estrada-Rodríguez, Ulises Romero-Méndez et al. « Climatic Change and Habitat Availability for Three Sotol Species in México : A Vision towards Their Sustainable Use ». Sustainability 12, n^o 8 (23 avril 2020) : 3455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083455.

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The industrial production and commercialization of distilled beverages from Sotol plants (Family: Asparagaceae, Subfamily: Zolinoideae and Genus: Dasylirion) has witnessed a steady growth in recent decades; this condition involves a greater use of the raw material that comes almost exclusively from natural populations, which could compromise the sustainability of the marginalized areas of Northern México. In the present work, habitat availability was evaluated for the presence and use of the species; Dasylirion wheeleri (S. Watson ex Rothr.), Dasylirion cedrosanum (Trelease), and Dasylirion durangense (Trelease) in México, considering different scenarios of climate change. For this purpose, we used the niche’s spatial analysis from a correlative approach. The results show that under the current climate, the species studied have a predominantly low habitat suitability in the central region of the Chihuahuan desert, with D. cedrosanum being the species with the lowest suitability. For the year 2050, a slight increase in the habitat suitability is expected only for D. durangense and D. wheeleri. This suggests that D. cedrosanum could be considered as the species with the greatest vulnerability to the possible climatic variations generated by global climate change. Likewise, the analysis of the results indicates that D. durangense is the one who has the greatest potential for use; however, it is necessary to consider that many of its populations may be climatically stressed and an inappropriate use could put them at risk.

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Salvi, Gianguido, Carla Buosi, Deborah Arbulla, Antonietta Cherchi, Giovannie De Giudici, Angelo Ibba et Sandro De Muro. « Ostracoda and foraminifera response to a contaminated environment : the case of the Ex-Military Arsenal of the La Maddalena Harbour (Sardinia, Italy) ». Micropaleontology 61, n^o 1-2 (2015) : 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47894/mpal.61.1.09.

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Negative responses of biotic communities as trackers of pollutant dispersion has shown that microfaunal distribution can play a useful role in investigating marine coastal ecosystems. A detailed study was carried out on Ostracoda and benthic foraminiferal assemblages from the contaminated environment of the Ex-Military Arsenal of the La Maddalena Harbour, located on the south-eastern coast of La Maddalena Island (Sardinia, Italy), to investigate the responses to pollution of these micro-organisms in this area using integrated multidisciplinary approaches. The area is affected by industrial waste, mainly heavy metals, as well as by seasonally intense maritime traffic. The analysis of surficial sediment shows enrichment in pollutants including As, Hg, Zn, Cu, Pd, Cd and hydrocarbon (chain length C>12). Variability of the assemblages, population density, species diversity and frequency of deformity suggest that these microorganisms are promising monitoring groups for contaminated marine areas. A total of 28 genera and 42 species of ostracods (three species were found alive; 17 species are autochthonous in at least one sampling station, while 28 are always allochthonous), were collected, while only 9 genera and 16 species of living benthic foraminifera were recognized. The biocoenosis is poorly represented, and shows low values of biotic indices. On the other hand, the foraminiferal thanatocoenosis is diverse and rich, but a high percentage of abnormal tests indicates degraded environmental conditions in almost the entire area. Changes in biotic indices, presence of tolerant species and development of abnormal tests constitute the main responses of Foraminifera and Ostracoda to pollution in the examined area.

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Val, Christian, Pascal Couderc et Nadia Boulay. « Stacking of Known Good Rebuilt Wafers without TSV - Industrial Applications ». Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2011, DPC (1 janvier 2011) : 001126–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2011dpc-tp36.

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The 3-D interconnection started at 3D PLUS in 1996 and led to the stacking of nearly all types of analogical and logical components, sensors, MEMS, etc for the Hi-Rel field (Space, Defence, Medical, Industrial). This technology is extremely robust (−130 °C +175 °C, 40000g), and is fully qualified by all worldwide most important Space Agencies, for Defence applications and Harsh environment. A technological break started in 2002 ; it consisted in another 20 to 30 reduction factor of the weight and volume of these 3-D modules. The Z pitch is 100 μm and the X Y size is given by the size of the larger die plus 100 μm of polymer around it. This is a stacked of Known Good Rebuilt Wafer of full wafer level technique. The dice are received in wafers and following operations are carried out :- Pick, flip and place of the good dice on a “sticking skin”- Moulding of the whole of this « pseudo wafer » in order to obtain what we call a « Known Good Rebuilt Wafer (KGRW) ». These two first steps are already developed by Freescale (RCP technique up to 300mm), then Infineon and Nanium (ex Infineon/Quimoda) and now about ten companies are developing this 2-D approach:- Stacking and gluing of KGRW 1, 2, 3..., n, by means of an adhesive film- Dicing of these stacked rebuilt wafers by techniques identical to the dicing of standard wafers- Metallization of the dicing streets with nickel + gold by electroless chemical plating identical to the UBM plating technique- Direct laser patterning by laser with our edge connection technique up to 100 μm pitch. Below this pitch, the Thru Polymer Via (TPV) are made through the stacked wafers. The equivalent pitch will be 20 μm. it can be noticed that the shielding can be made on the dicing street.- Electrical test at the stacked wafer level- Singulation This approach allows to use standard dice without any modification. It is multi sources and the stacking of the good rebuilt wafers allows to obtain an excellent yield. A development agreement has been signed with a semiconductors manufacturer. Smart card application- A development is in progress with the most worldwide important manufacturer of smart cards in order to integrate 5 levels of dice within a cavity of 550 μm inside the 800 μm SIM card. Medical applications will be presented:- Micro modulator with 5 ASICs within a 3 mm diameter tube,- Prototypes for the major US pacemaker manufacturer (Medtronic) and one European pacemaker manufacturer (Sorin/Ela Medical). A full pacemaker module of 0,5 cm3 (16 times smaller than the standard pacemaker: 8 cm3) will be shown- Micro camera for Hard X-Ray for Philips Medical (DE). Industrial applications- Abandoned sensors for Airbus and industrial areas. This « full wafer level » approach will allow to build System in Package (SiP) or “Abandoned Sensors” at very low costs, since the process uses mainly the steps of wafers building; the “panelization” allows to be in parallel processing from A to Z steps. Moreover, the use of Known Good Rebuilt Wafer like the RCP allows to stack Good wafer at the reverse what is impossible with the wafer to wafer approach.

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Teteryuk, Lyudmila V., Olga E. Valuyskikh et Olga F. Kirsanova. « Distribution, population status and protection of rare ephemeroids in the Komi Republic ». Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Biologiya, n^o 53 (2021) : 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988591/53/5.

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Here, we report the data on modern state and protection prospects of plant species Anemone altaica Fisch. ex C.A.Mey., Anemone nemorosa L., Anemone ranunculoides L., Ficaria verna Huds. (Ranunculaceae), Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv. (Papaveraceae) and Gagea samojedorum Grossh. (Liliaceae) in the taiga zone of the Komi Republic. These ephemeroid species require a special research due to their biological features (short periods of vegetation in the spring and subtle presence in communities at later dates) and geographic localization. One of the species, Gagea samojedorum is an endemic of the Urals, other species are presented by populations on the border of their distribution areas. Until recently, studies of early-flowering ephemeroids in the north-east Russia have not been performed. However, such studies become more and more important due to an active industrial development of the North. To assess the prospects for the conservation of rare early-flowering ephemeroids, we carried out work to clarify the number of locations of species on the territory of the Komi Republic, compiled maps of their distribution (See Fig. 1), collected and summarized information about the area, the number and the structure of 44 coenopopulations (See Tables 1 and 2), as well as identified limiting factors. It is shown that at the edge of the distribution area, ephemeroid species often have fragmented habitat range due to ecological and phytocoenotical preferences. They occur sporadically in the river and stream floodplains (sometimes at limestones) where soils are moist and fertile. In the floodplain meadows and forests, ephemeroids can form one-two species ecotopical assemblages. The populations of ephemeroids are linear, often with a high number of individuals. Self-recovering of short-root Anemone altaica, A. nemorosa, A. ranunculoides and root-tuber Ficaria verna is made, mainly, by vegetative reproduction. Tuber species Corydalis solida is propagated only by seeds. The ontogenetic structure of populations indicates a decline in seed and vegetative reproduction rate in these species at the edges of distribution areas (See Fig. 2 and 3). The Ural endemic Gagea samojedorum occurs in herbal habitats and sparse forests in foothill and mountain areas of the Ural Mountains, where it forms abundant populations with the prevalence of young individuals. A high reproduction rate of Gagea samojedorum is due to the variability of vegetative reproduction. In the Komi Republic, the anthropogenic impact on the ephemeroid species is low due to a low level of industrial development and population. Natural abiotic and biotic factors are more significant here and may weaken species positions in plant communities, as well as limit the growth, development and self-recovering of the populations. By now, Anemone altaica, A. nemorosa, A. ranunculoides, Corydalis solida, Ficaria verna and Gagea samojedorum have been included in regional Red Books of plants with the protection category 3 (rare). The main reasons for their inclusion are the edge location, small number, isolation of the local populations and often relic origin. Gagea samojedorum is also an endemic species. The object of the UNESCO World Heritage List “Virgin Komi Forests” and the number of regional reserves are important for the preservation of ephemeroid plants in the North.

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Kaliyev, G., et A. Moldashev. « FOOD SECURITY ISSUES IN KAZAKHSTAN ». Problems of AgriMarket, n^o 4 (15 décembre 2021) : 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2021-4.2708-9991.01.

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Aim - scientific justification of the criteria for ensuring food security of the Republic of Kazakhstan - one of the multifaceted aspects of international and national character, related to many social groups of the population. Methods - analytical, comparative analysis, economic and statistical, cause and effect. Results - the article reveals the state, problems and solution of the food issue in the country. The authors note that in the last decade agricultural production of the republic has been steadily developing. This made it possible to increase the level of food supply to the population. In the previous 6 years alone, the growth in agricultural production per capita ranged from 6.3% to 2.5 times. However, this does not allow for the consumption of certain types of food according to scientifically based nutritional standards. The economic policy in agri-food sector is also determined by the supply of imported food products. The article shows which prod- ucts of the agro-industrial complex Kazakhstan is dependent on other states. The level of its ex- port is analyzed; the main reasons holding back this process are summarized. Conclusions - at present, a significant share of agricultural production falls on a private backyard, which is charac- terized by low quality raw materials, which makes it difficult to process it in accordance with international standards, and the productivity of industries. The agricultural sector of the country is poorly equipped with material and technical resources. Large areas of farmland are located in re- serve lands, their development would contribute to a 2-fold increase in meat production and the solution of employment problems. Measures are needed to increase support for agricultural pro- ducers, primarily on the basis of subsidies, and to expand funding for scientific research. A stable food situation is one of the conditions for the reliability of the system of economic, social and environmental parameters that determine the quality of life and are, in essence, indicators of the effectiveness of public administration.

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Humnabad, Azharuddin. « Structural Audit and Retrofitting of RCC Structure ». International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, n^o VI (15 juillet 2021) : 841–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36494.

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Civil Engineering Industry is one of the oldest industries which provide a basic infrastructure to all the human beings. Structures can be any kind it can be Historical, Heritage Structure, Residential building, Commercial building or an Industrial building. Every structure has its own service life, and within this service life it should stand firmly on its position. Ex- A Taj Mahal in Agra in India which is one of the oldest structures and a Wonders of the World, and still stand on its position very efficiently. But this not a condition about the today’s Structures. A collapsed mechanism has increased and today’s Structures are getting collapsed before there service life is completed. Therefore, it is advisable to monitor it periodically by taking a professional opinion. Structural Audit is a preliminary technical survey of a building to assess its general health as a civil engineering structure. It is usually initiated as the first step for repair. In this Project a Root Cause of a faulty mechanism of structure and a preventive measure to overcome a failure of this structures. The construction material mainly reinforced concrete is being used extensively for various types of construction projects. However, the deterioration of Reinforced Concrete structures is recognized as a major problem worldwide. Apart from requiring regular maintenance, many structures require extensive Repair, Rehabilitation & Retrofitting. Over a period of time, as these structures become older, we find in them certain degradation or deterioration with resultant distress manifested in the form of cracking, splitting, delaminating, corrosion etc. Such deteriorated structures can be rehabilitated and retrofitted by using various types of admixtures & modern repair materials. The paper brings out the present state of concrete structures & the major areas where improvement is needed during its service life stage for sustainable development & also the method of carrying out Repair, Rehabilitation &Retrofitting. This has been brought in details in the paper along with Case studies, where the Author of the paper was directly involved in planning and execution of the job.

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Mytsyk, L. P., A. A. Polischuk et O. I. Lisovets. « Ecological and biological properties of lawn coverages of city of Nikopol (Dnepropetrovsk area) ». Питання степового лісознавства та лісової рекультивації земель 47 (29 novembre 2018) : 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/441802.

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The value of lawns shows up completer in all, when they occupy 40 – 90 % of the areas of green plantations. However in industrial cities their part is less, they have the mainly unsatisfactory state, contain the ruderal species. Therefore an ecological ground of creation of proof lawn phytocenosis in cities with high technogenic pressure, and also development of research and practice measures of their arrangement in the conditions of certain anthropogenic landscape taking into account the ecologic and biologic features of turf-forming species and terms of the urbanized environment is the scientific issue. The aim of our research is: on the basis of ecologo-phytocenotic researches to set the phytocenotic features of lawns and coverage of lawn type of the urbanized ecosystems on the example of Nikopol for development of ecological bases of creation of proof cenosis in municipal habits and decision of questions of optimization of environment. The trial areas under study were located among grasses of grass type and ornamental lawns in the city of Nikopol. The administrative and residential areas of the city were covered. In total, thirty test sites of size 1m2 (metrics) were described, divided into 120 areas of size 0,0625 m2. Characteristics were studied on each test area: illumination, species composition, percentage of projective coverage of each species found, percentage of free plant area. In the 30 trial sites covered by our research, 44 species of plants belonging to 15 families were identified. Species saturation of investigated test areas (1m2) varied from 10 to 17 species. Among the families, the primacy of the species composition was occupied by Asteraceae and Poaceae.Taking into account the instructions of V.V. Tarasov, the spectrum of the first percentages of the occurrence of families reproduces the composition of the regional flora with the dominance of cereals and herbs. The analysis of herbaceous vegetation was carried out taking into account the prevalence (in the event of a species) and the quantitative role in the formation of grass (projective coverage). This made it possible to find out the potentialities of species in a certain growth area, that is, competing ability.The triumphal triumph in the whole spectrum of the species we found among the grasses are Trifolium repens L. (occurrence of 93%), Polygonum aviculare L. (90 %), Taraxacum officinale Webb. ex Wigg. (83 %), Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (80 %), Achillea submillefolium Klok. et Krytska (70 %), Convolvulus arvensis L. (70 %) etc. These are representatives of weed vegetation, for the most part – ruderal species, and even those that are quarantine and undesirable for urban lawn phytocoenoses.Of the Poaceae family, Poa angustifolia L. (87%), Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevsky (77%), Lolium perenne L. (70%) have high incidence. The indicated plants are representatives of both steppe flora, and ray and even forest, which speaks of a wide range of ecological conditions of location among studied lawn phytocoenoses. Typical species that are able to form the most decorative grass cover (according to the classification of O. Laptev) are represented by the species Poa angustifolia, Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis L., Festuca valesiaca Gaud. Their prevalence in the herb is quite variable: from the presence on most of the test areas - Poa angustifolia, to those who met quite rarely – Festuca valesiaca.Most of the investigated test areas form a thin-grasshopper and pyrite-grass-mixed grass group, which corresponds to the specific structure of meadow lawns and conventional urban grasslands. The ecological and phytocenotic composition of the investigated vegetation groups of the lawn type reflects the system formed by certain representatives that make up the botanical and ecological basis for the creation of stable long-lived grass coverings in the urban agglomeration of the steppe zone, is an objective benchmark for targeting the corresponding phytocoenic processes in the desired direction.Correlations analysis of projective coatings was performed to find out the relationship between Ambrosia artemisiifolia and other representatives of the lawn flora. The calculation is based on data from the area of 0.25m2 (120 sites). The obtained materials allowed to reveal a mutual correlation of quantitative indicators with a high degree of statistical probability. Thus, a probable negative correlation between the parameters of the projective cover of the plants of the family Fabaceae and Ambrosia artemisiifolia was found.

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Mirgorodsky, Daniel, Delphine Ollivier, Lukasz Jablonski, Dirk Merten, Sabine Willscher, Juliane Wittig, Georg Büchel et Peter Werner. « Field Scale Phytoremediation Experiments on a Former U Mining Site and Further Processing of the Plant Material ». Advanced Materials Research 825 (octobre 2013) : 516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.825.516.

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The remediation of large heavy metal/radionuclide (HM/R) contaminated areas by conventional ex-situ techniques (excavation or chemical treatment/-stabilization) is expensive, and low cost strategies with a long-term stabilization effect of such sites are a task of next years research. Phytoremediation can be an alterative solution and sustainable technology since low treatment costs make it feasible even for such sites. Field scale investigation is applied to an area of the former uranium mining in East Thuringia, Germany. On this area, a low grade uranium ore leaching dump was situated, which was later removed during the remediation process of the site. Now, an underground remains that is slightly to moderately contaminated with heavy metals and radionuclides (HM/R) with restrictions of land use. Concepts for remediation of HM/R-contaminated sites and for the subsequent utilization of the HM/R-loaded plant residues are developed in a joint project. Plant experiments with Triticale, Helianthus annuus,Brassica juncea and Sorghumbicolor were performed revealing the influence of biological additives (mycorrhiza, HM-resistant streptomyces) and soil amendment strategies (increasing pH and organic matter) on biomass production and plant tolerance to heavy metals. The addition of mycorrhiza and streptomyces (MS) had a significant effect on biomass, and decreased the bioavailable parts of HM/R (e.g. Ni, Sr, U) in soil in comparison to untreated polluted soil with all studied plants. In lysimeter experiments it was figured out, that the different soil improvement strategies, addition of MS and of calcareous top soil (MIX) resulted in a reduction of the concentration of contaminants in the seepage water, as well as of the seepage water rates and loads, thus decreasing the risk of groundwater contamination. Finally, the processing of the heavy metal loaded plant residues was investigated by different methods. Fermentation experiments carried out with Solanum tuberosum and Secale cereale achieved good results compared with industrial standards. Remaining plant parts can be processed in a biogas process, or combusted. Fermentation sludges and combustion ashes act as sinks for HM/R. As results of the project, phytoremediation is a convenient method for the stabilization and remediation of large sites with slight to medium contaminations, and a further utilization of the plant residues by fermentation and biogas production is feasible.

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Odunlade, Olajire Aremu, et Folajimi Festus Adegbie. « Return on Capital Employed of Listed Manufacturing Companies and Government Spending on Infrastructures in Nigeria (1990 -2015) ». International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 06, n^o 05 (2022) : 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2022.6519.

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Government spending on infrastructures in various subsectors of the economy such as power, roads, education for human capital development and security is often directed towards increase in the production of goods and services and creating environment that will enhance the welfare of the citizens. However poor state of infrastructure in Nigeria, have been noted to be affecting the financial performance of manufacturing companies in the country. Our focus in this study was to link government spending on Power, Roads, Security and Human Capital Development with the micro variables of firm performance in the area of Return On Capital Employed (ROCE).The study adopted ex-post facto research design. The population of the study was 83 listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria as at December 31, 2016, from which a sample size of 20 was purposively selected based on availability of data covering the period from 1990 to 2015. Secondary data were obtained from published financial statements of listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria, publications of government and the World Bank. Validity and Reliability of the data were based on the reports of external auditors and other regulatory agencies. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The study found that government spending on Power, Roads, security and human capital development have no joint significant effect on ROCE (F(4, 21 ) = 0.523, the P-value associated with the F-value as is 0.720, this is greater than 0.05 indicating that there was no significant relationship between the independent and the dependent variables. adj R2 = -0.083. Coefficients of the independent variables show that Government spending on Power had positive but insignificant effect on ROCE (t=0.524, p>0.05). Roads had negative, insignificant effect on ROCE(t=-0.498, p>0.05) Security had negative but insignificant effect on ROCE (t(26) = -1.221, p>0.05), HCD had positive but insignificant effect on ROCE (t(26) = 0.823, p>0.05). The study concluded that government spending on infrastructural development in the areas of power, road, security and education did not impact on the Return On Capital Employed of manufacturing companies in Nigeria within the period of study. Sustainable industrial development requires adequate funding of infrastructures in Nigeria to reduce cost of operations and increase profitability level of manufacturing companies.

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Ye, Yingfeng, et XiaoHua Ying. « VP180 Effect Of Two-Invoice System On Drug Distribution And Price In China ». International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017) : 233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317004135.

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INTRODUCTION:Drug prices are mainly determined by production costs, commercial circulation and use in medical institutions. In 2015, total sales of the Chinese drug distribution industry was CNY1,613.3 billion (USD248.6 billion at 31 December 2015 exchange rate), with CNY28.3 billion (USD4.4 billion) profit and an average cost rate of 5.4 percent due to high logistics costs (1). Under Multi-invoice Systems in China, drugs are delivered through national, provincial, local agents, with invoiced and prices going up each time (2). The Two-invoice System, which comes up in April 2016, is China's first drug distribution policy aiming to compress circulation, and reduce unrealistically high prices. There will be only two invoices, one from production enterprises to distributors, the other from distributors to medical institutions. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the Two-invoice System on drug distribution and price in China.METHODS:We conducted a literature review of relevant articles and policies in five provinces on China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, PubMed and government websites. We conducted in-depth individual interviews for qualitative research on policy mechanisms with two government officials and four drug production and distribution enterprise managers. The quantitative study on policy effect measured indicators, namely, number of distributors, concentration ratio index (CR), net sales ratio, and ex-factory price. We compared the pilot province before and after the policy, with national level and other provinces. We considered related drug policies to eliminate confounding. Focus group discussion on conclusions and suggestions will be conducted.RESULTS:There are no peer review articles, only news media on this topic. In Fujian Province, the number of distributors droped from 246 to 62. In 2015, the Top 3 drug wholesalers reached a market share of 36 percent (CR3), and Top 10 for 86 percent (CR10). Compared to the whole country, CR3 is 26 percent and CR100 is 86 percent. Net sales in the drug wholesale market in Fujian accounted for 75.6 percent, with an increase of 4.3 percent. While at the national level, it is only 57.2 percent with an increase of 0.3 percent (3).CONCLUSIONS:The Two-invoice System in China reduces intermediate circulation, and increases industrial concentration. Net sales directly to hospitals are encouraged, whichaffects distribution and production areas. Production enterprises tend to invoice with higher prices instead of offering reserve prices to agents.

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Tandon, Poonam. « Preface ». Pure and Applied Chemistry 81, n^o 3 (1 janvier 2009) : iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20098103iv.

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The POLYCHAR 16: World Forum on Advanced Materials, organized by the University of Lucknow, was held from 17 to 21 February 2008 in the capital of the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. The annual POLYCHAR conferences have been sponsored by IUPAC for several years and are known for combining the broad field of materials sciences with a clear focus on polymeric materials (the name "POLYCHAR" is derived from the term "polymer characterization"). POLYCHAR 16 was supported by many scientific associations and industries such as IUPAC, Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) (Trieste, Italy), Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), Department of Biotechnology (DBT) (India), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) (India), Reliance Industries Ltd. (India), Department of Science and Technology (India), Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR), Indian National Science Academy (INSA), Uttar Pradesh Council of Science and Technology (UPCST) (India), Lucknow Chapter, Materials Research Society of India (MRSI), and University of Lucknow.As in past years, POLYCHAR puts emphasis on the quality of research presented - in contrast to maximizing the number of participants. The areas covered include nanomaterials and smart materials; natural and biodegradable materials and recycling; materials synthesis; polymers for energy; rheology, solutions, and processing; mechanical properties and performance; characterization and structure-property relationships; biomaterials and tissue engineering; dielectric and electrical properties; surfaces, interfaces, and tribology; and predictive methods. Symptomatically, the number of papers on "green" science was higher than at POLYCHAR 15 last year in Búzios, Rio de Janeiro.There were a total of 292 registered participants from 35 countries (Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, China, Colombia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, Fiji, UK, France, Germany, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Korea, Kuwait, Mauritius, Malaysia, Mexico, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Sri Lanka, Slovakia, South Africa, Ukraine, USA, Uzbekistan, and Venezuela). This reflects the philosophy of POLYCHAR to provide an international forum to encourage young scientists and advanced students to present their scientific work and give them the opportunity to meet with colleagues and well-known scientists to discuss their results, exchange experiences, and make new contacts, in particular, international ones. Many industrial contacts and much international cooperation with exchange of students and scientists have resulted from this and earlier POLYCHAR meetings.This conference volume represents only a small fraction of the multitude of contributions from different parts of materials science - 48 oral contributions and 170 posters. Many of the contributions have review character, some represent excellent original contributions. Only a small number could be selected for this volume because of the limited space that is available. All this was possible with the sponsorship of IUPAC. Highlights of the conference were the Paul J. Flory Research Award (ex aequo) to Prof. Jiasong He, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; the International Materials Research Award to Dr. Rameshvar Adhikari, Tribhuvan University, Katmandu, Nepal; and numerous awards for young scientists and students, including the IUPAC Poster Award. Special Prof. Brar's 60th Birthday Celebration Awards were given to IUPAC poster prize winners.The next POLYCHAR will be hosted by Jean-Marc Saiter, University of Rouen, Rouen, France in April 2009.Poonam TandonConference Executive Secretary and Co-editor

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Nurtjahyani, Supiana Dian, Dwi Oktafitria, Sri Wulan, Ahmad Zainal Arifin et Eko Purnomo. « Groove Planting System (GPS) Analysis of The Growth of Teak (Tectona grandis) in Ex-Lime Stone mining land ». Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 6, n^o 3 (12 décembre 2022) : 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/atbes.2022.v06.i03.p05.

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The groove planting system (GPS) is one of the modifications in the plant planting system on ex-limestone mining land. The method used in the implementation of the GPS is to create a basin in the form of an elongated groove on the ex-limestone mining land that has not been reclaimed. Tectona grandis can be grown on less fertile land. This is even recommended by the government, where forest areas were set for planting with teak limited to places that are less fertile and steep. The growth of a plant can be influenced by environmental factors and genetic factors. The interaction between these two factors will determine the growth of a plant. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the Groove planting system (GPS) on the growth of teak (Tectona grandis) in limestone ex-mining areas. The method in this research was an experimental method that was carried out in the former limestone quarry of PT Semen Indonesia in 2020. The results showed that the growth of teak seen from the parameters of plant height, bar chart, leaf number, and leaf color increased. For example, leaf color with a conventional system has a scale of 3 with a GPS scale of 5. Conclusion The GPS method is very effective for the growth of teak (Tectona grandis) because there is an increase in growth and color scale in terms of plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and leaf color parameters.

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Mazzoni, Aline Correa, Rosane Lanzer, Juçara Bordin, Alois Schäfer et Ronaldo Wasum. « Mosses as indicators of atmospheric metal deposition in an industrial area of southern Brazil ». Acta Botanica Brasilica 26, n^o 3 (septembre 2012) : 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062012000300005.

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Caxias do Sul hosts the second largest metal-mechanic pole in Brazil, which increases the risk of atmospheric contamination. With the aim of identifying species that might be useful as indicators of atmospheric deposition of metals, 15 species of mosses from an urban and a rural setting were analyzed and compared with specimens deposited at the Herbarium of the Universidade de Caxias do Sul. Metal concentrations (Zn, Ni, Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb) were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The Mann-Whitney test indicated concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cr that were significantly different between the urban and rural areas. Additionally, Concentrations of Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb were significantly higher in recently collected samples. The species Thuidium tomentosum Besch., Sematophyllum subpinnatum (Brid.) E. Britton, Helicodontium capillare (Hedw.) A. Jaeger, Schlotheimia jamesonii (W.-Arnott) Brid. and Meteorium deppei (Hornsch. ex Müll. Hal.) Mitt. are potential biomonitors of atmospheric metal deposition.

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Seré, C., A. van der Zijpp, G. Persley et E. Rege. « Dynamics of livestock production systems, drivers of change and prospects for animal genetic resources ». Animal Genetic Resources Information 42 (avril 2008) : 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900002510.

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SummaryThis overview analyses the key drivers of change in the global livestock sector and assesses how they are influencing current trends and future prospects in the world's diverse livestock production systems and market chains; and what are their consequent impacts on the management of animal genetic resources for food and agriculture. The trends are occurring in both developing and industrialized countries, but the responses are different. In the developing world, the trends are affecting the ability of livestock to contribute to improving livelihoods and reducing poverty as well as the use of natural resources. In the industrialized world, the narrowing animal genetic resource base in industrial livestock production systems raises the need to maintain a broader range of animal genetic resources to be able to deal with future uncertainties, such as climate change and zoonotic diseases.This chapter discusses:• What are the global drivers of change for livestock systems? Economic development and globalization; changing market demands and the “livestock revolution”; environmental impacts including climate change; and science and technology trends.• How are the livestock production systems responding to the global drivers of change? Trends in the three main livestock production systems (industrial, crop-livestock and pastoral systems); the range and rate of changes occurring in different systems and how these affect animal genetic resources. The implications are that breeds cannot adapt in time to meet new circumstances. Hence new strategies and interventions are necessary to improve the management of animal genetic resources in situations where these genetic resources are most at risk.• What are the implications for animal genetic resources diversity and for future prospects of their use? - Industrial livestock production systems are expected to have a limited demand for biodiversity, while crop-livestock and pastoral systems will rely on biodiversity to produce genotypes of improved productivity under changing environmental and socio-economic conditions. All systems will rely on biodiversity, albeit to varying degrees, to cope with expected climate change.• What immediate steps are possible to improve animal genetic resources characterization, use and conservation? Appropriate institutional and policy frameworks are required to improve animal genetic resources management and these issues are being addressed at national and intergovernmental levels, in a process led by FAO to promote greater international collaboration on animal genetic resources. Based on an analysis of the current situation, the continuing loss of indigenous breeds and new developments in science and technology, there are several complementary actions that can begin to improve the management of animal genetic resources and maintain future options in an uncertain world.These are summarized here as:a. “Keep it on the hoof” - Encouraging the continuing sustainable use of traditional breeds and in situ conservation by providing market-driven incentives, public policy and This paper has benefited from inputs from several reviewers and other contributors, and we thank all for their thoughtful insights. We acknowledge the contributions of our colleagues at FAO, particularly Irene Hoffmann, Dafydd Pilling and Henning Steinfeld, and at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI): Ade Freeman, Mario Herrero, Olivier Hanotte, Steve Kemp, Sandy McClintock, Sara McClintock, Margaret MacDonald-Levy, Susan MacMillan, Grace Ndungu, An Notenbaert, Mwai Okeyo and Robin Reid. other support to enable livestock keepers to maintain genetic diversity in their livestock populations.b. “Move it or lose it” - Enabling access to and the safe movement of animal genetic resources within and between countries, regions and continents is a key factor in use, development and conservation of animal genetic resources globally.c. “Match breeds to environments” - Understanding the match between livestock populations, breeds and genes with the physical, biological and economic landscape. This “landscape livestock genomics” approach offers the means to predict the genotypes most appropriate to a given environment and, in the longer term, to understand the genetic basis of adaptation of the genotype to the environment.d. “Put some in the bank” — New technologies make ex situ, in vitro conservation of animal genetic resources feasible for critical situations and are a way to provide long-term insurance against future shocks.The multiple values, functions and consequences of livestock production systems and their rapid rate of change lead to divergent interests within and between countries. Conversely, the uncertainty about the implications of rapid, multifaceted global change for each livestock production system and the resulting future changes in the required genetic make-up of animal genetic resources make collective action to tackle conservation of animal genetic resources a long-term, global public good. Conserving animal genetic resources will not by itself solve these problems, but it is an important first step towards maintaining future options.Advances in science and the technology, in areas such as reproductive technology, genomics and spatial analysis, as well as progress in conceptualization of global public good production for the future management of animal genetic resources, should enable the international community to address both the short- and long-term challenges in innovative ways.

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Rafiq, Muhammad, Luqman Khan et Munir Khan. « Welfare Impact of Dust Pollution on Human Health in the District Khyber Ex-FATA, Pakistan ». Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies 6, n^o 2 (30 juin 2022) : 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.34260/jaebs.622.

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Dust pollution is among the major cause of disease and death all around the world. The lungs and respiratory system are the primary targets of ambient dust pollution. This study aims to estimate the health cost due to dust pollution from a stone crushing industry in the Khyber district of ex-fata, Pakistan. To examine the impact of dust pollution on respiratory illness, primary data was collected from 1278 individuals from 200 households living within a 3 km radius of the stone crushing industry. The Household Production Function and Mitigation Cost Function were used to determine the reduced-form equations for assessing the impact of dust pollution on human health and then estimating the monetary cost related to mitigating such diseases. The PM10 level in the crushing region was extremely high, averaging 1247g/m3, while the PM10 level in the control group was relatively low, at 45g/m3. According to our study, the regression analysis estimated that by reducing PM10 to a safe level, every individual could save PKR 4958 per year through mitigation costs. The Total welfare gain for district Khyber will be PKR 2453.306 million or (PKR 2.45 billion). Aside from that, individual productivity loss is estimated to be .37 per day per year. The monetary value of avoiding the restricted working day is PKR 23 for one home, whereas the monetary benefit of lowering the PM10 level is PKR 161000/ for the entire district. The research study suggests implementing the ban on stone crush production and technology adaptation in the residential areas.

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Perdana, Adhi Surya, Budi Rahardjo, Ikha Amalia Ikhsani et Miftahul Ilmi. « Pengenalan Potensi Kawasan Sebagai Pondasi Pembangunan Pusat Pendidikan Berbasis Komunitas Lokal Pedesaan ». Jurnal Ilmiah Membangun Desa dan Pertanian 6, n^o 2 (30 avril 2021) : 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37149/jimdp.v6i2.16986.

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Social, economic, institutional, and cultural conditions become the basis of education and provide benefits for science to formulate the introduction of regional potential, regional designations, program development carried out by villages, and routine activities (learning, research, and community service) by students and lecturers of the Faculty of Agriculture Tidar University which has an interest in developing Sidorejo Village, Bandongan District. The research objective is to create an embryonic center for local community-based education in strengthening rural areas that are progressing efficiently, effectively, and sustainably as a form of university connectivity with the local community. This research focuses on identifying the area's potential in a careful village, with a qualitative research method using an ex post facto comparative clause through a social, ethnographic approach. The research was conducted using a purposive sampling technique consisting of village officials, community leaders, youth organizations, family empowerment and welfare, arts and culture actors, business actors, and planning faculty development planners as many as 20 respondents. The results of the study are in the form of identification findings that can be used as objects of community social mapping projections, needs, essential potential, human resource capabilities, institutions, local culture, infrastructure, economy, natural resources, and agriculture to design rural areas to become centers of local community-based education in strengthening, developing and tri dharma of higher education in the fields of agriculture, plantation, animal husbandry, fisheries, and social entrepreneurship.

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Chaves, James Lima, Suyare Araújo Ramalho, José Raimundo Oliveira Lima, Jéssica do Nascimento Pereira Lima et Jacqueline Araújo Castro. « Use of the Endogenous Resources of the Palestine Settlement, Cravolândia-BA : The Potentials of Quixabeira (Sideroxylon obtusifolium [Humb. ex Roem. & ; Schult.] T.D. Penn.) ». International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 9, n^o 7 (2022) : 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.97.29.

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The persistence of poverty in semiarid regions resides, among other difficulties and limitations, in the inability to use its endogenous elements in a rational way. Thus, this article aimed to investigate the content of total phenolic compounds in the pulp and residues of quixaba fruits (Sideroxylon obtusifolium) in ethanol extracts and evaluate properties (pH, acidity and soluble solids) essential to the fermentation process with a view to developing products for school meals and also low-alcohol beverages capable of generating income for the local population from the use of an endogenous resource available in the legal reserve areas of the Palestine Settlement located in the municipality of Cravolândia, Bahia. In addition to documentary studies, the chemical characterization of quixaba fruits was carried out. An analysis of all parts of the quixaba fruit, in terms of total soluble solids content, pH and acidity, indicates potential for its agro-industrial processing. In addition, the high ° Brix indicates that the pulp has sugar levels that make it ideal for flavoring yogurts that can be offered at school lunches. The phenolic compounds present in different parts of the quixaba indicated a possible antioxidant potential. Even though the use of quixaba is currently neglected, it is possible to use it agro-industrially.

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Mutiarahma, Selma, Venansius G. P. Putra, Weni Chaniago, Ceferino Carrera, Sri Anggrahini, Miguel Palma et Widiastuti Setyaningsih. « UV-Vis Spectrophotometry and UPLC–PDA Combined with Multivariate Calibration for Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex Silva Standardization Based on Phenolic Compounds ». Scientia Pharmaceutica 89, n^o 4 (27 octobre 2021) : 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/scipharm89040047.

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The algae Kappaphycus alvarezii is considered an important raw material for industrial practices, producing high economic value of various derived products. However, the quality of this commodity, which can be indicated by the level of phenolic compounds, may vary due to growth factors, including cultivation sites. An analytical UV-Vis spectrophotometry method coupled with chemometrics was proposed to standardize the red alga based on the content of phenolic compounds. The correlation between the UV-Vis spectra and UPLC–PDA results, combined with a multivariate calibration of the K. alvarezii extracts, was analyzed. The extracts were prepared using an ultrasound-based technique and subsequently subjected to UV-Vis spectral measurements at 200–800 nm and UPLC–PDA at 260 and 330 nm. Chemometric techniques and partial least squares (PLS) were applied to the acquired data to build a reliable analysis of the phenolics in the K. alvarezii extracts. The result showed that the wavelength combination of 200–450 and 600–690 nm provided a valid method for quantitative analysis of the studied phenolics that belong to hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, and flavonoid with a coefficient of regression (R2) > 0.96 in the calibration and validation models, along with an RMSEC and RMSEP value < 8%. The method was then employed to characterize the K. alvarezii samples from 13 different cultivation areas. Principal component analysis (PCA) generated principal components that produced a clear distribution among the samples of K. alvarezii based on phenolic compounds corresponding to the geographical origin.

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Varchenko, O. O. « Theoretical bases of agri-food systems development under the global changes ». Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, n^o 1(172) (24 juin 2022) : 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2022-172-1-40-50.

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The article considers the concept of system economy as a direction in economic theory based on the generalization of neoclassical, institutional and evolutionary theories, which is based on a combination of processes of creation, functioning, interaction and transformation of economic systems. Approaches to understanding the category of economic system, which covers the processes of production, distribution, ex- change and consumption of goods, as well as the relationship between producers and consumers of material goods and services are generalized. It was argued that the economic systems functioning structure and mechanism is based on cybernetic, informational and organizational theoretical principles of general systems theory. Having considered the scientifc directions of general systems theory, synergetics, change theory, catastrophe theory etc.,it was proved that isoformisms is manifested not only as similarity or clear correspondence of systems construction, but as commonality in their functioning and development as well. It was substantiated that a complex economic system has an emergent synergetic behavior and its development is based on non-equilibrium deviations of critical bifurcation points. It was revealed that complex economic systems have high uncertainty of behavior and their strategic development is focused on the search for self-development ways and unrealized reserves which results in a qualitatively new state of the system. Innovations and sustainable development principle were proved to be the main factors of violations in the agri-food systems sustainability and achieving their balanced socio-ecological and economic development. The negative and positive impact factors inﬂuencing the sustainability of agri-food systems modern development are systematized. These factors must be taken into account when substantiating the options for the systems development on the basis of targeted management inﬂuence. The paper highlights that agri-food systems operate in a multilevel environment and identifes strategic priorities for their development at the micro, meso, macro and mega levels. It is emphasized that agri-food systems affect the development of rural areas and they can ensure the homeostatic systems. The defnition of the category "agri-food systems" is extended and their specifc features, development trends, challenges and threats in achieving the sustainable development goals are generalized. Key words: economic system, agro-food system, rural areas, sustainable development, innovation, globalization.

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Feder, Judy. « Novel Geophone Array Measures Exact Location of Fluid Movement Behind Casing ». Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, n^o 01 (1 janvier 2021) : 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0121-0058-jpt.

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Judy Feder, contains highlights of paper SPE 197560, “Enhanced Well Remedial Decisions From Exact Location of Fluid Movement Behind Casing Identification,” by Marcel Croon, SPE, Perry Huber, SPE, and Jacob Wright, SPE, Weatherford, SPE, prepared for the 2019 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, 11-14 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Historically, acoustic wellbore monitoring is among the primary methods of detecting fluid movement behind the casing. However, analysis of the complex acoustic environment in the wellbore can be challenging. A standard hydrophone noise tool is unable to measure flow directions (vertical and horizontal) and cannot detect low flow, low-pressure sporadic events, or multiple sources. The complete paper discusses a geophone array, including four, three-component geophones deployed by wireline, that provides a solution for this problem by creating a 3D map of the acoustic environment. Introduction Well-integrity issues such as a poor cement bond can lead to undesirable fluid movements behind the casing, which could have negative effects with regard to health, safety, and the environment. A detailed understanding of annular fluid movement is critical in identifying potential source locations for wells with surface-casing vent-flow (SCVF) issues. Applicable scenarios include the following: Planned well-intervention activities for wells with multiple-source vent/flow situations Confirming the presence of flow (gas/oil/water) behind the casing Identifying areas with suspected crossflow between zones Integrity confirmation for gas storage caverns or zones Identifying unwanted flow for well-abandonment activities Well abandonment is bound by stringent regulations in some countries where the testing and repair of SCVF and gas-migration (GM) issues before final abandonment are required. An ex-ample is western Canada, where surface casing vents must be tested through a bubble test at minimum. This involves connecting a small container with 2.54 cm of water using fittings to the surface casing vent and monitoring for gas bubbles for 10 minutes. Often the flow rates are very low (less than 35 cu ft/d) with minimal pressure buildup. If bubbles are detected during the monitoring period, the well is deemed to have a positive vent flow. Consequently, the source of the vent flow must be identified by a survey as approved by the energy regulator, which could be conducted by means of acoustic logs, temperature logs, or gas- isotope analysis. Additionally, GM measurements must be conducted before final abandonment in specific areas within western Canada but are recommended for all wells. The complete paper details this process.

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Caiana, Rodrigo Ribeiro Alves, Joyse Maria Braga dos Santos, Josivan Pereira da Silva Júnior, Jadson de Farias Silva, Wylly Araújo de Oliveira et Juliano Carlo Rufino Freitas. « Síntese e avaliação antifúngica do benzil 2,3-didesoxi-α-D-eritro-hex-2-enopiranosídeo contra espécies de Candida spp. e estudo da associação com anfotericina B ». ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION 9, n^o 5 (20 avril 2020) : 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.21270/archi.v9i5.4867.

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Introdução: O número crescente de infecções causadas por fungos e o surgimento de microrganismos resistentes tem sinalizado a necessidade da busca por novos agentes antifúngicos, fomentando a pesquisa em moléculas promissoras, como os O-glicosídeos. Objetivo: Partindo dessa premissa, objetivamos a síntese e investigação da atividade antifúngica do benzil 2,3-didesoxi-α-D-eritro-hex-2-enopiranosídeo isolado e quando associado com a anfotericina B. Material e métodos: Inicialmente foi sintetizado o benzil 4,6-di-O-acetil-2,3-didesoxi-α-D-eritro-hex-2-enopiranosídeo a partir da reação entre o 3,4,6-tri-O-acetil-D-glucal e álcool benzílico via catálise ácida e irradiação ultrassônica seguida por sua hidrólise em meio básico para levar ao benzil 2,3-didesoxi-α-D-eritro-hex-2-enopiranosídeo. Este foi submetido à avaliação antifúngica por meio do método da microdiluição em caldo e estudo da associação com a anfotericina B pelo método de Checkerboard. Resultados: O benzil 4,6-di-O-acetil-2,3-didesoxi-α-D-eritro-hex-2-enopiranosídeo e o benzil 2,3-didesoxi-α-D-eritro-hex-2-enopiranosídeo foram obtidos em excelentes rendimentos 91 e 94 %, respectivamente. O benzil 2,3-didesoxi-α-D-eritro-hex-2-enopiranosídeo apresentou atividade antifúngica apenas contra as cepas de Candida albicans ATCC 76615, Candida albicans ATCC 76485 e Candida guilliermondiiLM 103, e sua associação com a anfotericina B foi classificada como indiferente. Conclusão: Estes resultados possibilitam futuros estudos envolvendo esta classe de moléculas, avaliação dos possíveis mecanismos de ação e avaliar outras atividades biológicas, uma vez que esta classe molecular sustenta a expectativa de baixa toxicidade, devido ao seu padrão de biocompatibilidade. Descritores: Síntese Química; Metabolismo dos Carboidratos; Fungos; Candida. Referências Silva S, Negri M, Henriques M, Oliveira R, Williams DW, Azeredo J. Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis: biology, epidemiology, pathogenicity and antifungal resistance. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2012;36:288-305. Vieira AJH, Santos JI. Mecanismos de resistência de Candida albicans aos antifúngicos anfotericina B, fluconazol e caspofungina. RBAC. 2017;49:235-9. De Rossi T, Lozovoy MAB, Silva RV, Fernandes EV, Geraldino TH, Costa IC, et al. Interações entre Candida albicans e Hospedeiro. Semina: Cienc Biol Saude. 2011;32:15-28. Ashong CN, Hunter AS, Mansouri MD, Cadle RM, Hamill RJ, Musher DM. Adherence to clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of candidemia at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Int J Health Sci. 2017;11:18-23. Kung HC, Huang PY, Chen WT, Ko BS, Chen YC, Chang SC, et al. 2016 guidelines for the use of antifungal agents in patients with invasive fungal diseases in Taiwan. J microbiol Immunol infect. 2018;51:1-17. Patil S, Rao RS, Raj AT, Sanketh DS, Sarode S, Sarode G. Oral Candidal Carriage in Subjects with Pure Vegetarian and Mixed Dietary Habits. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11:22-4. Khan H, Khan Z, Amin S, Mabkhot YN, Mubarak MS, Hadda TB, et al. Plant bioactive molecules bearing glycosides as lead compounds for the treatment of fungal infection: A review. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017;93:498-509. Guzzetti LB, Cecília M, Vescina M, Gil F, Gatti BM. Candidemias en pediatría: distribución de especies y sensibilidad a los antifúngicos. Rev Argent Microbiol. 2017;49:320-2. Wiederhold NP. Antifungal resistance: current trends and future strategies to combat. Infect Drug Resist. 2017;10:249-59. World Health Organization. WHO/EMP/IAU/2017.11. 2017. Acesso em: 04 Fev 2019. Disponível em: www.who.int/medicines/areas/rational_use/antibacterial_agents Lúcio Neto MP. Avaliação tóxica, citotóxica, genotóxica e mutagênica do composto 3-(2-cloro-6-flurobenzil) – imidazolidina-2,4-diona em células eucarióticas. Teresina. Dissertação [Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas] – Universidade Federal do Piauí; 2011. Toshima K, Ishizuka T, Matsuo G, Nakata M. Practical Glycosidation Method of Glycals Using Montmorillonite K-10 as an Environmentally Acceptable and Inexpensive Industrial Catalyst. Chem Ver. 1995;4:306-8. Freitas JCR, Freitas Filho JR, Menezes PH. Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,3-unsaturated-O-Glycosides promoted by TeBr4. J Braz Chem Soc. 2010;21:2169-72. Freitas JCR, Couto TR, Paulino AAS, Freitas Filho JR, Malvestiti I, Oliveira RA, et al. Stereoselective synthesis of pseudoglycosides catalyzed by TeCl4 under mild conditions. Tetrahedron. 2012;68:8645-54. Regueira JLLF, Dantas CR, Freitas JJR, Silva AJFS, Freitas Filho JR, Menezes PH, et al. Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,3-Unsaturated Pseudoglycosides Promoted by Ultrasound. Synthesis. 2016;48:1069-78. Moura AL, Lima LMA, Bezerra GB, Freitas JJR, Belian MF, Ramos CS, et al. O-glicosídeos 2,3-insaturados: aplicações, rearranjo de ferrier e reações. Quím Nova. 2018;41:550-66. Dantas CR. Síntese estereosseletiva e caracterização estrutural de compostos Z-eniínicos acoplados a pseudoglicosídeos. Recife. Dissertação [mestrado em química] – Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco; 2017. Nigudkar SS, Demchenko A,V. Stereocontrolled 1,2-cis glycosylation as the driving force of progress in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry. Chem Sci. 2015;6:2687-704. Silva RO, Freitas Filho JR, Freitas JCR. D-Glicose, uma Biomolécula Fascinante: História, Propriedades, Produção e Aplicação. Rev Virt Quim. 2018;10:875-91. Delbianco M, Bharate P, Varela-Aramburu S, Seeberger PH. Carbohydrates in Supramolecular Chemistry. Chem Rev. 2016;116:1693-752. Lima JACL, Mata MMS, Silva RG, da Silva WE, Freitas JCR, Freitas Filho JR. Avanços Recentes na Química de C-Glicosídeos: Aplicaçao, Síntese e Reaçoes. Rev. Virt. Quim. 2018;10:900-39. Silva AF, Silva DA. Fármacos anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais mais dispensados em uma farmácia comercial do município de itaocara, estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Acta Biomed Bras. 2012;3:1-14. Costa AOC. Estudo in vitro e in silico da atividade antifúngica dos isômeros r-(+) e s-(-)citronelal sobre fungos do gênero Cryptococcus. João Pessoa. Dissertação [Mestrado em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos] – Universidade Federal da Paraíba; 2017. Perrin DD, Amarego WLF. Purifications of laboratory chemicals. 3 ed., Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1996. Santos CS, Dos Santos RS, Silva RO, Freitas Filho JR, Freitas JCR. Uma acetilação eficiente e econômica do 1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropilideno-α-D-galactopiranose utilizando anidrido acético ativado in situ pela argila montmorilonita K10. Ceramica. 2018;64:616-22. Santos JAM, Santos CS, Almeida CLA, Silva TDS, Freitas Filho JR, Militão GCG, et al. Structure-based design, synthesis and antitumoral evaluation of enulosides. Eur J Med Chem. 2017;128:192-201. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. M27-A3: reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts; approved standard. 3rd ed. Wayne: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2008. Oliveira WA, Pereira FO, Luna GCDG, Lima IO, Wanderley PA, Lima RB, et al. Antifungal activity of Cymbopogon winterianus jowitt ex bor against Candida albicans.. Braz J Microbiol. 2011;42:433-41. Pippi B. Avaliação da capacidade de Candida parapsilosis e Candida glabrata desenvolverem resistência fenotípica à própolis vermelha brasileira e ao fluconazol e avaliação de sua atividade antifúngica em associação com fluconazol e anidulafungina. Porto Alegre. Dissertação [Mestrado em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente] – Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul; 2014. Doern CD. When Does 2 Plus 2 Equal 5? A Review of Antimicrobial Synergy Testing. J clin microbial. 2014;52:4124-8. Melo ACN, Oliveira RN, Freitas Filho JR, Silva T G, Srivastava RM. Synthesis of anti-inflammatory 2,3-unsaturated O-glycosides using conventional and microwave heating techniques. Heterocycl Commun. 2017;23:205-11. Lima B. Anfotericina B pré-aquecida: avaliação da atividade frente a isolados clínicos de Candida spp. do HU-UFSC. Florianópolis. Dissertação [Mestrado em Farmácia] – Universidade de Santa Catarina; 2017. Cavalcanti IMF, Menezes TGC, Campos LAA, Ferraz MS, Maciel MAV, Caetano MNP, et al. Interaction study between vancomycin and liposomes containing natural compounds against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. Braz J Pharm Sci. 2018;54:203-10. Targino CSPC. Estudo da atividade antifúngica e dos mecanismos de ação do peptídeo Ctn[15-34], um fragmento C-terminal da crotalicidina, derivado de uma catelicidina expressa nas glândulas de veneno de cascavéis. Fortaleza. Tese [Doutorado em Ciências Farmacêuticas] – Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará; 2017. Spader TB. Avaliação da suscetibilidade de Rhodotorula mucilaginosa frente a associações de antifúngicos com fármacos diversos. Porto Alegre. Tese [Doutorado em Ciências Pneumológicas] – Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; 2017. Guo J, Wang A, Yang K, Ding H, Hu Y, Yang Y, et al. Isolation, characterization and antimicrobial activities of polyacetylene glycosides from Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. Phytochemistry. 2017;136:65-9. Dantas CR, de Freitas JJR, Barbosa QPS, Militão GCG, Silva TDS, da Silva TG, et al. Stereoselective Synthesis and Antitumoral Activity of Z-Enyne Pseudoglycosides Org Biomol Chem. 2016;14:6786-95. Qing-Hu W, Na-Ren-Chao-Ke-Tu H, Na-Yin-Tai D, Xiu-Lan W, Wu-Li-Ji AA. The structural elucidation and antimicrobial activities of two isoflavane glycosides from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge) Hsiao. J mol struct. 2014;1076:535-8. Soares GL, Santos CS, Freitas JCR, Oliveira WA. Síntese e avaliação do prop-2-in-1-il 4,6-di-O-acetil-2,3-didesoxi-α-D-eritro-hex-2-enopiranosídeo contra espécies não albicans de Candida e resultados da associação com a anfotericina B ou com o cetoconazol Rev Pan-Amaz Saude. 2018;9:43-50.

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Zhang, Yu-Zhong, Wei-Xin Zhang et Xiu-Lan Chen. « Mechanisms for Induction of Microbial Extracellular Proteases in Response to Exterior Proteins ». Applied and Environmental Microbiology 86, n^o 19 (24 juillet 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01036-20.

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ABSTRACT Proteins are a main organic nitrogen source for microorganisms. Many heterotrophic microorganisms secrete extracellular proteases (ex-proteases) to efficiently decompose proteins into oligopeptides and amino acids when exterior proteins are required for growth. These ex-proteases not only play important roles in microbial nutrient acquisition or host infection but also contribute greatly to the global recycling of carbon and nitrogen. Moreover, may microbial ex-proteases have important applications in industrial, medical, and biotechnological areas. Therefore, uncovering the mechanisms by which microorganisms initiate the expression of ex-protease genes in response to exterior proteins is of great significance. In this review, the progress made in understanding the induction mechanisms of microbial ex-proteases in response to exterior proteins is summarized, with a focus on the inducer molecules, membrane sensors, and downstream pathways. Problems to be solved for better understanding of the induction mechanisms of microbial ex-proteases are also discussed.

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Maniero, Agata, et Giorgia Fattori. « The requalification of industrial buildings : a circular economy perspective ». TECHNE - Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment, 29 juillet 2021, 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/techne-10592.

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Since the 1970s, in Europe the industrial decommissioning phenomenon has led to the generation of an obsolescent and widespread building stock, located in highly strategic areas. This paper, aiming to make abandoned industrial buildings re-enter the market, focused on the development of prefabricated housing modules, according to the nested-building renovation approach. The project started from the constraint’s typological analysis (architectural, functional and structural) of 900 reinforced concrete industrial buildings in view of the intervention replicability. Finally, to validate the design and technological choices, the analysed system was applied to a real case study in Verona: the Greggi Warehouse (1960) in the “ex-Manifattura Tabacchi” factory area.

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Mahmudi, Mohammad, Evellin Dewi Lusiana, Endang Y. Herawati et Lukas G. Serihollo. « Environmental factors and seasonal effect on the potential harmful algae presence at Ambon Bay, Indonesia ». Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 21, n^o 7 (17 juin 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210730.

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Abstract. Mahmudi M, Lusiana ED, Herawati EY, Serihollo LG. 2020. Environmental factors and seasonal effects on the potential harmful algae presence at Ambon Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3101-3107. Marine and coastal areas are susceptive to harmful algae presence which can lead to Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs). Major drivers for this event are climate change, domestic and industrial activities. These alter the environmental condition in marine ecosystems which caused the shift of phytoplankton community. This study aims to analyze the environmental factors affecting the harmful algae occurrence in Ambon Bay as well as the seasonal change during west monsoon and first transition in regards to this issue. There were six environmental variables accounted in this research which measured in situ and ex-situ. The results showed that there were three algae divisions that formed the phytoplankton structure in Ambon Bay, namely Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae, and Cyanophyceae. These divisions have been reported as the cause of previous HABs in the area. Furthermore, algae density during first transition season was higher than during west monsoon season, but the composition of phytoplankton community was stable in which dominated by harmful algae such as Chaetoceros, Skeletonema, Nitzschia, Ceratium, Pyrodinium, Dinophysis, Alexandrium, and Trichodesmium. Meanwhile, based on Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), temperature and nutrients were the main factors that highly associated with the presence and abundance of harmful.

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