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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Evoluzione Clonale »
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Thèses sur le sujet "Evoluzione Clonale"
DAGHIA, Giulia. « Evoluzione clonale in relazione ai fattori prognostici nella Leucemia Linfatica Cronica ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2388986.
Texte intégralMALLIA, SELENE. « La genomica su singola cellula rivela la gerarchia e l'architettura clonale nelle Neoplasie Mieloproliferative ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1278821.
Texte intégralSomatic mutations in Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) cause Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs), including Polycythemia Vera, Essential Thrombocythemia and Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF). PMF is a heterogeneous disorder consisting of bone marrow fibrosis, megakaryocyte hyperplasia and extramedullary hematopoiesis and is characterized by the worst prognosis among MPNs. About 15-20% of patients are unresponsive to conventional therapies and develop Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). In HSCs the main mutations, identified as “driver mutations” during MPNs pathogenesis, involve JAK2, CALR and MPL genes; in addition, many other genetic alterations contribute to the prognosis worsening and the development of AML. Disease progression and leukemic evolution in PMF results from an increase of the genomic complexity and clonal heterogeneity. Many studies confirmed that the mutational acquisition order affects the clinical outcome. However, the clonal architecture determining disease evolution and the clones guiding leukemic transformation are poorly understood. Recent studies demonstrate that single-cell (sc) genomics is a sensitive technique suitable to study clonal heterogeneity and to detect the evolution of the malignant cells in hematological neoplasms. For this reason, we used the sc-genomics approach to clarify the clonal complexity in PMF. Firstly, we developed a workflow for CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem Progenitor Cells (HSPCs) isolation from cord blood, fixation and immunostaining for CD34, in order to singularly separate the cells by DEP-array system (Menarini Silicon Biosystem) and to obtain a cell population suitable for sc-analysis. Then, we compared different whole genome amplification (WGA) protocols for single cells in order to obtain a uniform DNA amplification for Sanger sequencing and minimize allele drop out effect. Based on this method, we analyzed the CD34+ HSPCs of a PMF patient carrying JAK2V617F and other MPN frequent mutations. This patient was treated with JAK2-inhibitor Ruxolitinib but he was unresponsive to therapy and evolved to AML. In order to reconstruct the clonal hierarchy and architecture, we analyzed CD34+ cells during chronic phase (T1), the accelerated phase (T2) and the AML phase (T3). By means to sc-analysis, we established that TET2 was the first mutated gene, preceding JAK2 mutation, and this probably conferred a lower sensitivity to treatment. Moreover, we identified an increase of the allele burden of the TP53 mutation during disease progression, suggesting that TP53-mutated clones supported the accelerated (T2) phase. Interestingly, we already detected in T1 phase a small cell fraction, undetectable by bulk NGS and carrying the leukemogenic FLT3 mutation, probably driving the T3 phase. Finally, we characterized SRSF2 homozygous mutation that has not been described yet. Altogether our data demonstrate that sc-genomics is a promising method to uncover clonal heterogeneity in MPNs, highlighting the early occurrence of pro-leukemic mutations and to describe the real scenario of mutational events in hematological diseases.
Belotti, Tamara <1982>. « Evoluzione clonale nella recidiva della leucemia acuta mieloide nell'eta pediatrica mediante sequenziamento dell'esoma tramite Next Generation Sequencing ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7819/1/Belotti_Tamara_tesi.pdf.
Texte intégralDespite significant improvement in treatment of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 30% of patients experience disease recurrence, which is still the major cause of treatment failure and death in these patients. To investigate molecular mechanisms underlying relapse, we performed whole-exome sequencing of diagnosis-relapse pairs and matched remission samples from 4 pediatric AML patients without recurrent cytogenetic alterations. Candidate driver mutations were selected for targeted deep sequencing at high coverage, suitable to detect small subclones (0.12%). BiCEBPa mutation was found to be stable and highly penetrant, representing a separate biological and clinical entity, unlike WT1 mutations, which were extremely unstable. Among the mutational patterns underlying relapse, we detected the acquisition of proliferative advantage by signaling activation (PTPN11 and FLT3-TKD mutations) and the increased resistance to apoptosis (hyperactivation of TYK2). We also found a previously undescribed feature of AML, consisting of a hypermutator phenotype caused by SETD2 inactivation. The consequent accumulation of new mutations promotes the adaptability of the leukemia, contributing to clonal selection. We report a novel ASXL3 mutation characterizing a very small subclone (<1%) present at diagnosis and undergoing expansion (60%) at relapse. Taken together, these findings provide molecular clues for designing optimal therapeutic strategies, in terms of target selection, adequate schedule design and reliable response-monitoring techniques.
Mancuso, Katia <1985>. « Mieloma multiplo : identificazione di fattori prognostici, biomarcatori di risposta alla terapia, evoluzione clonale e di terapie innovative e personalizzate ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9713/1/Mancuso_Katia_tesi.pdf.pdf.
Texte intégralIn the era of new drugs, the role of high-dose chemotherapy with subsequent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients (NDMM) has been questioned. The European Myeloma Network proposed the multi-centric clinical trial, prospective, phase III EMN02/HO95 MM which compared, in over 1500 patients, the efficacy of intensification therapy with Bortezomib, Melphalan and Prednisone (VMP) to high-dose Melphalan (HDM) and subsequent ASCT in NDMM patients aged 65 years. In addition, this trial compared the role of consolidation with Bortezomib, Lenalidomide and Desametasone versus no consolidation and the efficacy of single (ASCT-1) versus double ASCT (ASCT-2). The final analysis of the study confirmed ASCT as the standard of care for NDMM young patients. It is able to guarantee a better quality of response (≥VGPR response, 84 % vs 77%; p=0.0020) and a prolonged PFS (median of 56.7 months vs 41.9 months), also in the subgroups of patients with high risk cytogenetic features for del(17p) ± t(4;14) ± t(14;16). In a follow-up of over 6 years, ASCT was associated with a significant extension of OS (OS estimated at 75 months 69% for ASCT arm compared to 63% for VMP arm, p=0.034) and a longer-lasting control of the disease compared to intensification therapy with new drugs (PFS2 estimated at 75 months 57% versus 49% and median TTnT of 66 months versus 47 months, respectively). The comparison between ASCT-1 and ASCT-2 showed that ASCT-2 ensures prognostic improvement of both PFS (HR 0.74) and OS (HR 0.62), with particularly benefit in patients with del(17p) (HR for progression 0.24 or death 0.30).
SAITTA, CLAUDIA. « Predisposition to hematological malignancies in children and adults : from genetic profiling to clonal evolution ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/365155.
Texte intégralDespite genetic predisposition occurs in 5-10 % of pediatric cancer, it is still a nebulous field, that has to be better characterized. In the adult setting, clonal evolution acts similarly, and age-dependent accumulation of somatic mutations increases the prevalence of myeloid neoplasms among older individuals. How the specific co-occurrence of somatic events predisposes to hematological malignancies have to be further clarified. In the present project, we focused our attention in dissecting the role of genetic predisposition in both childhood and adult hematological malignancies, with the purpose of improving knowledge about genetic alterations that act in pre-leukemic phase. We planned and developed our study through several tasks, characterized by the joint purpose of investigating the contribution of genetic predisposition in promote tumor transformation. Firstly, we screened a cohort of 120 consecutive diagnosis of pediatric patients affected by Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and sporadic cases with other hematological malignancies, as well as cases with familiar recurrence. Genetic profiling confirmed the crucial role of some genes in Leukemogenesis, like those belonging to Ras pathway, both in term of incidence and pathogenicity. Moreover, it shed light on germline mutations in Cohesins: these alterations, usually associated to genetic syndromes called Cohesinopathies, are not random or sporadic events, but occur with a frequency (6%) that is not negligible and worthy of further study. Considering this evidence, we made a focus on STAG1 and RAD21 germline variants. Our results demonstrated that they lead to a poor chromosomal strength and promote spontaneous instability, resulting in a lowered response to exogenous and endogenous agents, as well as defective DNA repair mechanisms. So, genes that are not classically related to full-blown stage of hematological disease, promote cancer prone conditions in pediatric patients, aggravating the risk of somatic events that are responsible of the disease’ onset. In order to evaluate the contribution of genetic predisposition in cancer considering overall the time of life, we investigated the role of clonal evolution in the adult setting. Despite it is considered normal in aging, it is also significantly associated with cardiovascular disease, as well as solid tumors and hematological malignancies. The mutational screening of 1794 oldest-old individuals allowed to establish a model based on 3 risk groups, in which differential age-dependent accumulation of somatic mutations increases prevalence of myeloid malignancies or inflammatory-associated diseases. Specifically, mutations in Splicing genes, JAK2 or the presence of multiple mutations (DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1 with additional genetic lesions), as well as variants with allele frequency ≥0.096, have a positive predictive value for myeloid neoplasms. Finally, we underlined the role of Splicing genes mutations not only as early events in pathogenesis, but also in a previous phase, as key players in determine the onset of myelodysplastic disease. Overall, a better knowledge and characterization of these alterations will have different impacts: it will improve the understanding of tumorigenesis, opening new scenarios regarding the contribution of genetic predisposition and clonal evolution to hematological malignancies. Moreover, it could have significative effects on both patients’ care and familial genetic counseling, enabling targeted surveillance strategies, and tailored therapeutical adjustments that include familiar screening in case of familiar donor in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.