Bibliographies thématiques / Evolutive interpretation

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Evolutive interpretation »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Evolutive interpretation"

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Guder, Lamessa Gudeta. « THE NATURE OF EVOLUTIVE TREATY INTERPRETATION : DOES EVOLUTIVE TREATY INTERPRETATION OPERATING UNDER VCLT ? » Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities 8, no 2 (30 juin 2022) : 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.55327/jaash.v8i2.263.

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Treaty is not static, evolutively interpreted. Interpretation as it seems has always had a prominent and contentious place in international adjudication, and its application has been further enhanced for a century. The significance attached to the interpretation of treaties cannot be overemphasized, because it is of great importance that only the intent of a treaty is activated. The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties has been applied towards the interpretation of treaties. This treaty covers the issue of interpretation and the various methods which shall be applied during adjudication with respect to interpretation of treaties. It is necessary to consider the nature and operation of evolutive treaty interpretation in various bilateral and multi lateral treaties-Whether it is operating under Vienna convention law of treaty or under separate heading.
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Gavrilova, Julia. « On Evolutive Interpretation in Russian Law ». Legal Concept, no 1 (avril 2021) : 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lc.jvolsu.2021.1.7.

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Introduction: the paper discusses the analysis of evolutive interpretation as a special phenomenon in the theory of legal interpretation. There is no this phenomenon among the traditional ways and types of interpretation in domestic law. First, this concept originated in the depths of the sociological legal understanding, which requires the judge to make decisions that meet legal justice and public expectations. Secondly, from these positions, any product that the court “produces” within the framework of the sociological approach to law is judicial law-making. The question of its terminological designation is related to the peculiarities of the implementation of approaches to legal understanding in the practical activities of the court. Third, the term “evolutive” interpretation, which has developed in the activities of the supranational judicial institutions of the integration associations, has historically proved to be euphonious, convenient and suitable for practical use. The purpose of the research is to formulate the methodological foundations of the application and the characteristic features of the evolutive interpretation. The objectives of the research are to reveal the features of the historical genesis, the essential features of evolutive interpretation from the point of view of judicial and scientific doctrine, to show that this ambiguous concept is still the subject of scientific discussion. Methods: the paper uses the philosophical and general scientific principles; the system, genetic and activity approaches; the formal-legal, system and cultural-historical methods. Results: when discussing the possibility of extrapolating the foreign term “evolutive” interpretation into the domestic legal system, it is necessary to observe the continuity of the development of the domestic legal science and the national legal traditions. It is necessary to proceed from the achieved national experience of technical and legal support and terminologization of law-making and law-enforcement processes.
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Marceau, Gabrielle. « Evolutive Interpretation by the WTO Adjudicator ». Journal of International Economic Law 21, no 4 (29 novembre 2018) : 791–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgy042.

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Bureš, Pavel. « Evolution interpretation and the European consensus before the European court of human rights ». Espaço Jurídico Journal of Law [EJJL] 20, no 1 (28 juin 2019) : 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18593/ejjl.20214.

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The interpretation of the European convention on human rights has been shaped by rich jurisprudence of the European Court of human rights which on several occasions had to resort to so-called evolutive interpretation based on the concept of European consensus. This article focuses on basic elements of the interpretation of the Convention ant its position in the application of conventional rights. It gives first a general historical presentation, then deals with different perspectives playing a role for a better understanding of evolutive interpretation and finishes with a general presentation of European consensus which is a key element for evolutive interpretation.
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Arato, Julian. « Subsequent Practice and Evolutive Interpretation : Techniques of Treaty Interpretation over Time and Their Diverse Consequences ». Law & ; Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 9, no 3 (2010) : 443–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180310x539511.

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AbstractThis paper compares two different means of treaty interpretation by which a treaty or treaty provision may change over time: the interpretation and reinterpretation of a treaty on the basis of its evolutive character, and the (re)interpretation of a treaty on the basis of the subsequent practice of the parties. I contend that evolutive interpretation and interpretation based on subsequent practice do not simply refer to two different and distinct phenomena ‐ as a practical matter they constitute two different “techniques of interpretation” which may or may not both be applicable in a particular case, and may sometimes both be applicable but mutually exclusive. The basic problem of the paper revolves around the following question: where the evidence is uncertain, or ambivalent, which technique ‐ if any ‐ should be applied? My goal is to show that although both techniques may be applicable to a treaty in a given case, the application of one or the other doctrine will have different consequences in the short and long term. In so doing, I will first expound the immediate effects of the techniques by examining them individually with an eye to their evidentiary criteria and their relative expansive potentialities. I shall then illustrate and compare their respective long term consequences, which I categorize as “vertical” (with respect to successive interpretations of the particular treaty in question) and “horizontal” (referring to effects on the interpretation of other treaties). Ultimately, I want to argue that neither means of interpretation is more appropriate across the board, and therefore the choice between the two techniques should be informed by the consideration of their consequences in light of the object and purpose of the particular treaty to be interpreted.
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Johansen, Julia Nordvang. « Towards a More Restrictive Interpretation of the Right to Liberty in Article 5(1) ECHR ? » Zeitschrift für europarechtliche Studien 25, no 1 (2022) : 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/1435-439x-2022-1-89.

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The contribution concerns the interpretation by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) of the right to liberty in Article 5 (1) of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). It argues that the Court has interpreted the right to liberty restrictively by way of public security grounds, with the result that more room is given to interference by state authorities at the expense of individual protection, compared to earlier interpretations. This assertion is supported by the analyses of four Grand Chamber cases the author believes stands for a restrictive interpretation of Article 5 (1), either through a narrow interpretation of its scope, or a wide interpretation of its exceptions. The use of present-day conditions in the Court’s reasoning is examined to identify their role in the development towards a restrictive interpretation of the right to liberty, and it is argued that the restrictive approach is a variation of the method of ‘evolutive interpretation’. On the basis of the analyses, it is finally argued that the list of permissible detention grounds in Article 5 (1) is no longer exhaustive.
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Dzehtsiarou, Kanstantsin. « European Consensus and the Evolutive Interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights ». German Law Journal 12, no 10 (1 octobre 2011) : 1730–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200017533.

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The European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR) should be an instrument of development and improvement rather than an “end game” treaty which froze the state of affairs that existed 60 years ago. At the same time, evolutive interpretation should not be tantamount to arbitrary interpretation. This paper seeks to explain how the European Court of Human Rights (“ECtHR”) strikes a balance between development and stability.
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Arévalo Narváez, Carlos Enrique, et Paola Andrea Patarroyo Ramírez. « Treaties over Time and Human Rights : A Case Law Analysis of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights ». ACDI - Anuario Colombiano de Derecho Internacional 10 (1 mars 2017) : 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/acdi/a.5290.

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This paper analyzes the issue of treaties over time and the interpretations of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in this context. Parts 1 and 2 introduce the elements of treaty interpretation in general international law, providing criteria for the application of the evolutionary approach to treaty interpretation, the debate between the application of evolutive interpretation and the use of subsequent conduct. Part 3 addresses the issue of fragmentation in international human rights law, and through the case law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, provides evidence for the application of the rules of general international law to interpret the American Convention on Human Rights. Finally, conclusions are extracted on the basis of the case law analyzed, contrasting the Court’s application of the American Convention over time, the conclusions of the International Law Commission Reports on the Fragmentation of International Law in 2008, and the preliminary conclusions of the Study Group on Subsequent Agreements and Subsequent Practice concerning treaty interpretation and the issue of the passage of time.
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Đajić, Sanja. « Mechanisms of defragmentation of international law : Systemic interpretation, evolutive interpretation and judicial activism of the European court of Human Rights ». Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 53, no 2 (2019) : 363–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns53-23515.

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Chernykh, Yuliya. « Static and Evolutive Treaty Interpretation. A Functional Reconstruction, written by Christian Djeffal ». Nordic Journal of International Law 86, no 4 (8 novembre 2017) : 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718107-08604001.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Evolutive interpretation"

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Webber, Thomas. « The European Convention on Human Rights and the Living instrument doctrine : an investigation into the Convention's constitutional nature and evolutive interpretation ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/413852/.

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Currently mired in controversy, the European Court of Human Rights and the Convention itself have come in for stern criticism from a diverse array of stakeholders. Of particular controversy is the Court’s utilisation of the Living instrument doctrine, which it first expressly recalled in its 1978 Tyrer v. UK decision. Confusion has continued to surround how this doctrine came about and its potential to allow the Strasbourg Judiciary to cross over the constitutional separation of judiciary and legislature. However, while the substantive idea of the Convention as a living instrument capable of evolving with European Society is legitimate, confusion still exists about how it operates and to what extent it might be used to alter existing Convention Standards. This study sets out that at the heart of this modern legitimacy crisis in the Convention system is a failed dialogical model of the Convention institutions. However, clearer explanations and a better understanding of appropriate roles of the various institutions and improved channels of dialogue may lead to a more accepted Convention system and act to calm some of the conflict surrounding the Convention today. After examination of various aspects of Convention law and practice the eventual argument is that the current crisis is largely one of failed dialogue between Convention stakeholders and is best address through an improved understanding of and discovery of European Consensus.
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Mathews, Anthony. « Systems of interpretation : rhetoric and evolution in the published interpretations of Kafka's 'Der Prozess' ». Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329609.

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Taylor, Mark R. « Evolution and the novels of D.H. Lawrence : a Bergsonian interpretation ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:904ab62e-d1ea-4cc3-bd01-b3cba9ae3447.

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This thesis examines the degree and nature of D.H. Lawrence’s interaction with the concept of evolution, as manifest in his novels and the longer of his short stories. It addresses both Lawrence’s engagement with evolutionism directly informed by biology and his relationship with extrapolations of evolutionary ideas from outside the scientific sphere. In particular it considers the theories of Henri Bergson, and theosophical and occultist appropriations of evolutionary concepts. Instead of approaching Bergson as a philosopher of time, as has much previous research into Bergson’s impact upon modernist literature, the thesis considers how the Bergsonian notion that a ‘need of creation’ drives evolutionary development is reflected in Lawrence’s fiction. Chapter One investigates the role of the imagination in interaction with nature in Lawrence’s earliest novels, in particular The White Peacock (1911). It suggests that while creative imagination may appear to give a distorted impression of wider nature, it is nonetheless seen to be necessary for contact with the world to be enriching. Chapter Two considers the relationship between creativity and development in The Rainbow (1915) and Women in Love (1920), suggesting that creative force is seen to provide a means to resist the effects of wider cycles in nature between evolution and dissolution. In Chapter Three, Lawrence’s novels of migration and self-discovery, The Lost Girl (1920) and Aaron’s Rod (1922), are suggested to employ intricate Bergsonian structures, whereby the respective protagonists simultaneously explore multiple paths of evolutionary development, despite the ostensible paradoxes which result from this. Chapter Four, focusing upon Lawrence’s Australian fiction, considers the relationship between the hostile environment of Australia and the evolutionary development of its inhabitants. Chapter Five considers the importance of occultist evolutionism to Lawrence, using his annotations to P.D. Ouspensky’s Tertium Organum as a means to better understand the mystical aspects of the fiction he wrote while in North America. Finally, Chapter Six addresses the presentation of illness and injury in Lawrence’s work, particularly in Lady Chatterley’s Lover (1928), examining the relationship between the composition of an individual and his or her ability to fit into the structures of wider nature.
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Haig, David. « Applications of allocation and kinship models to the interpretation of vascular plant life cycles ». Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/23227.

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Thesis by publication.
Thesis (PhD) -- Macquarie University, School of Biological Sciences, 1990.
Bibliography: leaves 269-324.
Introduction -- Models of parental allocation -- Sex expression in homosporous pteridophytes -- The origin of heterospory -- Pollination and the origin of the seed habit -- Brood reduction in gymnosperms -- Pollination: costs and consequences -- Adaptive explanations for the rise of the angiosperms -- Parent-specific gene expression and the triploid endosperm -- New perspectives on the angiosperm female gametophyte -- Overview -- Glossary -- Kinship terms in plants -- Literature Cited.
Among vascular plants/ different life cycles are associated with characteristic ranges of propagule size. In the modern flora, isospores of homosporous pteridophytes are almost all smaller than 150 urn diameter, megaspores of heterosporous pteridophytes fall in the range 100-1000 urn diameter, gymnosperm seeds are possibly all larger than the largest megaspores, but the smallest angiosperm seeds are of comparable size to large isospores. -- Propagule size is one of the most important features of a sporophyte's reproductive strategy. Roughly speaking, larger propagules have larger food reserves, and a greater probability of successful establishment, than smaller propagules, but a sporophyte can produce more smaller propagules from the same quantity of resources. Different species have adopted very different size-versus-number compromises. The characteristic ranges of propagule size, in each of the major groups of vascular plants, suggest that some life cycles are incompatible with particular size-versus-number compromises. -- Sex expression in homosporous plants is a property of gametophytes (homosporous sporophytes are essentially asexual). Gametophytes should produce either eggs or sperm depending on which course of action gives the greatest chance of reproductive success. A maternal gametophyte must contribute much greater resources to a young sporophyte than the paternal gametophyte. Therefore, smaller gametophytes should tend to reproduce as males, and gametophytes with abundant resources should tend to reproduce as females. Consistent with these predictions, large female gametophytes release substances (antheridiogens) which induce smaller neighbouring ametophytes to produce sperm. -- The mechanism of sex determination in heterosporous species appears to be fundamentally different. Large megaspores develop into female gametophytes, and small icrospores develop into male gametophytes. Sex expression appears to be determined by the sporophyte generation. This is misleading. As argued above, the optimal sex expression of a homosporous gametophyte is influenced by its access to resources. This is determined by (1) the quantity of food reserves in its spore and (2) the quantity of resources accumulated by the gametophyte's own activities. If a sporophyte produced spores of two sizes, gametophytes developing from the larger spores' would be more likely to reproduce as females than gametophytes developing from the smaller spores, because the pre-existing mechanisms of sex determination would favor production of archegonia by larger gametophytes. Thus, the predicted mechanisms of sex determination in homosporous species could also explain the differences in sex expression of gametophytes developing from large and small spores in heterosporous species.
Megaspores of living heterosporous pteridophytes contain sufficient resources for female reproduction without photosynthesis by the gametophyte (Platyzoma excepted), whereas microspores only contain sufficient resources for male reproduction. Furthermore, many more microspores are produced than megaspores. A gametophyte's optimal sex expression is overwhelmingly determined by the amount of resources supplied in its spore by the sporophyte, and is little influenced by the particular environmental conditions where the spore lands. Gametophytes determine sex expression in heterosporous species, as well as homosporous species. A satisfactory model for the evolution of heterospory needs to explain under what circumstances sporophytes will benefit from producing spores of two distinct sizes. -- In Chapter 4, I present a model for the origin of heterospory that predicts the existence of a "heterospory threshold". For propagule sizes below the threshold, homosporous reproduction is evolutionarily stable because gametophytes must rely on their own activities to accumulate sufficient resources for successful female reproduction. Whether a gametophyte can accumulate sufficient resources before its competitors is strongly influenced by environmental conditions. Gametophytes benefit from being able to adjust their sex expression in response to these conditions. For propagule sizes above the threshold, homosporous reproduction is evolutionarily unstable, because the propagule's food reserves are more than sufficient for a "male" gametophyte to fertilize all eggs within its neighbourhood. A population of homosporous sporophytes can be invaded by sporophytes that produce a greater number of smaller spores which could land in additional locations and fertilize additional eggs. Such'spores would be male-specialists on account of their size. Therefore, both spore types would be maintained in the population because of frequency-dependent selection. -- The earliest vascular plants were homosporous. Several homosporous groups gave rise to heterosporous lineages, at least one of which was the progeniture of the seed plants. The first heterosporous species appear in the Devonian. During the Devonian, there was a gradual increase in maximum spore size, possibly associated with the evolution of trees and the appearance of the first forests. As the heterospory threshold was approached, the optimal spore size for female reproduction diverged from the optimal spore size for male reproduction. Below the threshold, a compromise spore size gave the highest fitness returns to sporophytes, but above the threshold, sporophytes could attain higher fitness by producing two types of spores. -- The evolution of heterospory had profound consequences. Once a sporophyte produced two types of spores, microspores and megaspores could become specialized for male and female function respectively. The most successful heterosporous lineage (or lineages) is that of the seed plants. The feature that distinguishes seed plants from other heterosporous lineages is pollination, the capture of microspores before, rather than after, propagule dispersal. Traditionally, pollination has been considered to be a major adaptive advance because it frees sexual reproduction from dependence on external fertilization by freeswimming sperm, but pollination has a more important advantage. In heterosporous pteridophytes, a megaspore is provisioned whether or not it will be fertilized whereas seeds are only provisioned if they are pollinated.
The total cost per seed cannot be assessed solely from the seed's energy and nutrient content. Rather, each seed also has an associated supplementary cost of adaptations for pollen capture and of resources committed to ovules that remain unpollinated. The supplementary cost per seed has important consequences for understanding reproductive strategies. First, supplementary costs are expected to be proportionally greater for smaller seeds. Thus, the benefits of decreasing seed size (in order to produce more seeds) are reduced for species with small seeds. This effect may explain minimum seed sizes. Second, supplementary costs are greater for populations at lower density. Thus, there is a minimum density below which a species cannot maintain its numbers. -- By far the most successful group of seed plants in the modern flora are the angiosperms. Two types of evidence suggest that early angiosperms had a lower supplementary cost per seed than contemporary gymnosperms. First, the minimum size of angiosperm seeds was much smaller than the minimum size of gymnosperm seeds. This suggests that angiosperms could produce small seeds more cheaply than could gymnosperms. Second, angiosperm-dominated floras were more speciose than the gymnosperm-dominated floras they replaced. This suggests that the supplementary cost per seed of angiosperms does not increase as rapidly as that of gymnosperms, as population density decreases. In consequence, angiosperms were able to displace gymnosperms from many habitats, because the angiosperms had a lower cost of rarity. -- Angiosperm embryology has a number of distinctive features that may be related to the group's success. In gymnosperms, the nutrient storage tissue of the seed is the female gametophyte. In most angiosperms, this role is taken by the endosperm. Endosperm is initiated by the fertilization of two female gametophyte nuclei by a second sperm that is genetically identical to the sperm which fertilizes the egg. Endosperm has identical genes to its associated embryo, except that there are two copies of maternal genes for every copy of a paternal gene. -- Chapter 9 presents a hypothesis to explain the unusual genetic constitution of endosperm. Paternal genes benefit from their endosperm receiving more resources than the amount which maximizes the fitness of maternal genes, and this conflict is expressed as parent-specific gene expression in endosperm. The effect of the second maternal genome is to increase maternal control of nutrient acquisition. -- Female gametophytes of angiosperms are traditionally classified as monosporic, bisporic or tetrasporic. Bisporic and tetrasporic embryo sacs contain the derivatives of more than one megaspore nucleus. Therefore, there is potential for conflict between the different nuclear types within an embryo sac, but this possibility has not been recognized by plant embryologists. In Chapter 10, I show that many previously inexplicable observations can be understood in terms of genetic conflicts within the embryo sac.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
324 leaves ill
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Soul, Laura Clare. « Phylogenetic interpretations of macroevolution in deep-time ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:49ef0bb4-bcb1-4eaa-94d4-29af8e9b6a39.

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The fossil record yields information on macroevolutionary patterns that remains inaccessible from the study of extant organisms alone, presenting a natural laboratory for us to test hypotheses about the long-term drivers and processes of evolution. Fossil data are therefore increasingly incorporated into evolutionary analyses, both on their own and in combination with neontological data. Phylogeny (an explicit hypothesis of the evolutionary relationships between taxa) can be used as a framework to enable direct comparison of results of comparative methods across many different timescales and taxa, and is now commonly used in investigations of fossil data. This represents an important step towards a unified approach, however, it is not yet fully understood what the effect of using fossil data is on the results of downstream phylogenetic comparative methods, which were originally developed with only living taxa in mind. In this thesis I explore the validity of phylogenetic interpretations of fossil record data. I begin with only taxonomic classification and show that this can in some cases substitute for a cladistically inferred phylogeny in phylogenetic comparative methods, without biasing results. Moving on to scenarios where a timescaled phylogeny is available I investigate the relationship between phylogeny and extinction in the geological past, show that phylogenetic clustering of extinction was common in tetrapods, and present a summary of the ways in which fossil data biases this measurement. Finally, with timescaled phylogenies and a detailed continuous trait dataset available, I interrogate the fossil record of Sauropterygia to uncover the processes of evolutionary change in this highly labile clade. By comparing the results of a suite of phylogenetic comparative methods I demonstrate that neck length evolved through changing vertebral counts rather than somite growth; that the clade experienced a release in evolutionary constraint at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary; and that evidence does not support evolution towards a stationary adaptive peak as a suitable model for phenotypic change in the clade.
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Laing, Kathryn. « 'The Sentinel' and the evolution of Rebecca West's early writing, 1910-1922 ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c622e025-601f-4138-86f6-d44bd2a8d62a.

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This thesis aims to re-examine the first decade of Rebecca West's literary and journalistic career, based on an analysis of a newly discovered novel West began writing in 1909/1910. "The Sentinel", although incomplete and unrevised, is a key text to an understanding of West's early literary and feminist apprenticeship, helping to enrich reconsiderations of West's oeuvre in recent criticism. The recovery of West's writing into a female modernist canon provides a useful starting point, although the intertextual analysis of West's fiction and non-fiction during this period will show that this kind of categorisation is an inadequate representation of the complexity of her work. The limited time-frame of this study, 1910 to 1922, magnifies West's writing processes to reveal her self-conscious negotiations as a woman writer with the ferment of ideas and changes arising during the pre-war and war period, particularly in relation to contemporary feminism and an emergent male modernist aesthetic. The first chapter is concerned with identifying, dating and examining the significance of "The Sentinel" as source material for West's later published fiction and non-fiction. Many of West's pervading interests are already evident in the novel, illustrating in retrospect how her writing was shaped by differing literary contacts, feminist affiliations, the war and personal experience. Chapters Two and Three consider the impact on West's journalism and fiction of her associations with the radical feminist journal, The Freewoman, and her introduction to avant-garde writers. West's unsuccessful attempt to rewrite "The Sentinel" as the novel, Adela, is discussed in relation to selected feminist articles and the short story, "Indissoluble Matrimony", illustrating her attempts to adapt her feminist interests to aesthetic ones. Chapter Four shows how the war provided a cutting edge and a point of definition in West's writing at this time, both in her consideration of the role of art and of the gendered structures of society. The influence of writers such as H.G. Wells, Ford Madox Ford and Henry James is discussed in relation to West's preoccupation with the role of women during the Great War. This material provides an important context for the analysis of The Return of the Soldier in Chapter Five. Chapter Six is a transitional one, describing the effect of the war and its aftermath on contemporary feminist ideology, and evaluating Rebecca West's attempt to position herself as a writer and a feminist in relation to these changes. Chapter Seven argues that The Judge (1922) offers a cumulative history of West's literary and feminist apprenticeship, at once completing the cycle begun with "The Sentinel" and initiating a different stage of writing for West during the twenties.
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QUESNEL, Yoann. « INTERPRETATION DES DONNEES MAGNETIQUES MARTIENNES : CONTRAINTES SUR L' EVOLUTION PRIMITIVE DE MARS ». Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766102.

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Les anomalies magnétiques révélées par la sonde MGS témoignent du début de l'histoire de la planète Mars. Dans ce travail les mesures magnétiques de MGS sont utilisées pour étudier l'évolution précoce de la croûte et du noyau de Mars. Une méthode inverse est développée pour calculer les paramètres de sources crustales dipolaires. Des tests avec des données synthétiques et l'étude d'un cas terrestre prouvent l'efficacité de notre approche. Les anomalies magnétiques de 3 régions de Mars sont ensuite étudiées. L'intense (1 à 140 A/m) et profonde (30 à 145 km) aimantation de la lithosphère martienne est mise en évidence. Un modèle de serpentinisation de la lithosphère précoce de Mars est proposé pour expliquer ces résultats. En outre, les paléopôles dérivés des directions d'aimantation sont concentrés dans l'hémisphère nord-ouest de Mars, autour du complexe volcanique Tharsis. Celui-ci a pu jouer un rôle dans la réorientation de la planète, provoquant le mouvement apparent de ces pôles.
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Ebert, Karin. « Cenozoic landscape evolution in northern Sweden : geomorphological interpretation within a GIS-framework / ». Stockholm : Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-30711.

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Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2009.
At the time of the doctoral defence, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: In press. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript. Härtill 4 uppsatser.
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Larson, Brian. « Interpretation of Chemical Environments by RNA and the Implications to the Origins of Life ». PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1705.

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We describe the initial realization of behavior in the biosphere, which we term behavioral chemistry. If molecules are complex enough to attain a stochastic element to their structural conformation in such a way as to radically affect their function in a biological (evolvable) setting, then they have the capacity to behave. This circumstance is described here as behavioral chemistry, unique in its definition from the colloquial chemical behavior. This transition between chemical behavior and behavioral chemistry need be explicit when discussing the root cause of behavior, which itself lies squarely at the origins of life and is the foundation of choice. RNA polymers of sufficient length meet the criteria for behavioral chemistry and therefore are capable of making a choice. We test these theoretical findings with a empirical systems; since RNA simultaneously possesses evolvability and catalytic function we set to construct a model system. Firstly, during in vitro transcription of the Chlorella PBCV-1 pdg intron, we observed multiple RNAs of slower electrophoretic mobility along with the expected 98-nucleotide transcript. The preferences observed for TI or linear RNA for the pdg intron are manifestations of alternative phenotypic states and represent evidence of behavior at the chemical level. Secondly, we provide a basis for the marriage between empirical findings and the philosophical studies of biosemiotics. As well, provide a basis for the minimal criteria for an interpretative response and suggest that interpretation is evolvable. The studies hold relevance to the origins of life showing a minimal system capable of carrying out a choice based on the environment. We have shown this phenomenon is not an intrinsic characteristic to all RNAs and that the Tetrahymena ribozyme recognizes the presence of the object through the sensing of a sign.
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Schober, Cassandra C. (Cassandra Carolyn). « The Evolution, Applications, and Statistical Interpretations of DNA Typing in Forensic Science ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332776/.

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This thesis examines the evolution, applications, and statistical interpretations of DNA typing as a tool in the field of forensic science as well as in our criminal justice system. The most controversial aspect of DNA typing involves the determination of how likely it is that two people share the same DNA profile. This involves the use of population genetics and databases of allelic frequencies as well as some assumptions about population structuring.
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Livres sur le sujet "Evolutive interpretation"

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Evolutive Auslegung völkerrechtlicher Verträge : Eine Untersuchung zu Voraussetzungen und Grenzen in Anbetracht der Praxis internationaler Streitbeilegungsinstitutionen. Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2013.

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Mathews, Anthony. Systems of interpretation : Rhetoric and evolution in the published interpretations of Kafka's "Der Prozess". Norwich : University of East Anglia, 1989.

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1952-, Johnson Maxwell E., dir. The Eucharistic liturgies : Their evolution and interpretation. Collegeville, Minn : Liturgical Press, 2012.

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1952-, Johnson Maxwell E., dir. The Eucharistic liturgies : Their evolution and interpretation. London : SPCK, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 2012.

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Evolutionary essays : A thermodynamic interpretation of the evolution. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science, 2008.

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Kelm, Matthias. Schumpeter's theory of economic evolution : A Darwinian interpretation. Cambridge : ESRC Centre for BusinessResearch, University of Cambridge, 1996.

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Betancourt, Roger Rene. "The evolution of retailing : A suggested economic interpretation". Fontainbleau : INSEAD, 1986.

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Fenomenologia della facciata : Percorsi interpretativi, letture evolutive, itinerari compositivi. Milano, Italy : FrancoAngeli, 2010.

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The rites of Christian initiation : Their evolution and interpretation. Collegeville, Minn : Liturgical Press, 1999.

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The rites of Christian initiation : Their evolution and interpretation. 2e éd. Collegeville, Minn : Liturgical Press, 2007.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Evolutive interpretation"

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Lo, Chang-fa. « Time Factor, Technological Development, Evolutive Interpretation and the Possible Codification ». Dans Treaty Interpretation Under the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 253–68. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6866-9_15.

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Livingston, John W. « Scientific Interpretation and evolution ». Dans In the Shadows of Glories Past, 351–70. New York : Routledge, 2017. : Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315101491-16.

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Turunen, Linda Lisa Maria. « Evolution of Global Luxury Brands ». Dans Interpretations of Luxury, 31–59. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60870-9_3.

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Eidemüller, Dirk. « Alternative Interpretationen der Quantenmechanik ». Dans Quanten – Evolution – Geist, 111–46. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49379-3_5.

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Durouchoux, Ph. « Herculis X1 : Results and Interpretation ». Dans The Origin and Evolution of Neutron Stars, 201. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3913-4_46.

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Okada, Masahiro. « An emerging interpretation of CSR by Japanese corporations ». Dans Japanese Management in Evolution, 262–77. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series : Routledge frontiers of business management ; 12 : Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315560892-13.

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Evans, M. E. G. « The carabid body plan : a functional interpretation ». Dans Carabid Beetles : Ecology and Evolution, 25–31. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0968-2_4.

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Espinosa, Sofia, Atila Kaya et Ralf Möller. « Logical Formalization of Multimedia Interpretation ». Dans Knowledge-Driven Multimedia Information Extraction and Ontology Evolution, 110–33. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20795-2_5.

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Medeiros, J. R., et M. Mayor. « Rotational Discontinuity of Evolved Stars : What Interpretation ? » Dans Angular Momentum Evolution of Young Stars, 201–6. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3580-1_18.

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Wang, Wenfeng, Hengjin Cai, Xiangyang Deng, Chenguang Lu et Limin Zhang. « Reconciled Interpretation of Vision, Touch and Minds ». Dans Interdisciplinary Evolution of the Machine Brain, 95–118. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4244-6_5.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Evolutive interpretation"

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García-Pérez, Sergio, et Borja Ruiz-Apilánez Corrochano. « Spatial integration processes of mass housing estates. The case of Madrid. » Dans 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5188.

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Deprived urban areas regeneration is one of the most important challenges of our cities, which interest is recognised by International Urban Guidelines (ONU), as well as Leipzig Charter and Toledo Declaration (European Union). At this respect, systematic analysis of built city obsolescence is crucial to propose improvement strategies. In particular, mass housing estates, characteristic urban form from modern urbanism, have been detected by several studies as one of the most vulnerable urban forms. Moreover, several studies had determined the systemic nature of problems that this urban form has develop, where physical, social, and economic dimension are strongly related. The low level of spatial integration of the housing estate in the city urban structure could be one of the problems and, in part, responsible of that urban obsolescence. In addition, fifty years after its construction, the continued growth of cities sometimes has modified initial conditions and consequently study the integration evolution of mass housing estates is needed. At this sense, it has been shown that Space Syntax methodology could be a useful tool. The aim of this study is, on the one hand, study criteria to apply Space Syntax methodology to the integration evolution study, and on the other hand, know the integration processes of mass housing estates to propose improvement strategies. Methodology includes, data collection and definition of analysis scenarios adapted to Spanish dataset, Space Syntax methodology in a evolutive approach in two stages: 1970s and 2010s, and interpretation of evolution results. The methodology is tested for Madrid mass housing estates.
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Riaubiene, Edita. « Evolution and Trends of Understanding of Authenticity in Heritage Preservation ». Dans Urban Heritage : Research, Interpretation, Education. Vilnius, Lithuania : Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Publishing House Technika, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/uh20070925.77-82.

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Peng, Jen-Chieh, Wen-Chen Chang, Oleg Teryaev et Randall McClellan. « Interpretation of Angular Distributions of Z-boson Production ». Dans QCD Evolution 2016. Trieste, Italy : Sissa Medialab, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.284.0044.

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Sephocle, Marilyn. « The Evolution of Simultaneous Interpretation ». Dans 6th Annual International Conference on Language, Literature and Linguistics (L3 2017). Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-3566_l317.12.

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Ling, Yun, Shirui Wang, Jun Gao et Lin Wu. « Reservoir evolution seismic interpretation studies ». Dans SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2005. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2148293.

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Shook, Mark, John Junger, Nick Mould et Joseph P. Havlicek. « Quantifying infrared target signature evolution using AM-FM features ». Dans 2010 IEEE Southwest Symposium on Image Analysis & Interpretation (SSIAI). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssiai.2010.5483887.

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Fleder, Daniel, et Balaji Padmanabhan. « Cluster Evolution and Interpretation via Penalties ». Dans Sixth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining - Workshops (ICDMW'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdmw.2006.42.

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Salvà Matas, Catalina. « La memòria d'un paisatge gravat : les pedreres de marès, empremta territorial del paisatge identitari de Mallorca ». Dans Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona : Instituto de Arte Americano. Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5931.

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El procés de posar de manifest les pedreres de marès com un dels paisatges que conformen la identitat i memòria d’una part molt extensa de Mallorca passa per desenvolupar la consideració de l’existència d'un lligam de component territorial entre aquestes pedreres. El desenvolupament de la noció de territorialitat vinculada a les pedreres intenta ser una nova mirada interpretativa d’aquestes, fins ara enteses com a entitats aïllades immerses en una totalitat desconeguda. La lectura, a través del reconeixement de l'evolució en el temps, del conjunt de pedreres es construeix sobre una matriu territorial evolutiva on les pedreres esdevenen rastres d’aquest procés. La representació d'aquests rastres de diferents estadis temporals provoca la detecció de conjunts de pedreres, presents en gran part de la geografia de l'illa, apuntant a l'existència d’un Territori de Pedreres, determinant d’una percepció d’un nou paisatge que, a través de les pedreres, configura una nova identitat de Mallorca. The discovering process of the sandstone quarries as landscapes of identity and memory of a huge part of Mallorca begins with the development of the thought of a territorial link between these quarries. The development of a territorial notion linked to the quarries tries to offer a new interpretation of these, until now understood as isolated entities immersed in an unknown entirety. The interpretation, through the irtemporal evolution, is constructed upon an evolutionary territorial matrix where the quarries become traces of this process. The representation of these traces of different temporary stages causes the detection of some groups of quarries, which can be found in most of the island, and points to the existence of a Land of Quarries, determining the perception of a new landscape that, through the quarries, configures a new identity of Mallorca.
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Bednarczyk, Bartosz, Stephane Demri et Alessio Mansutti. « A Framework for Reasoning about Dynamic Axioms in Description Logics ». Dans Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/233.

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Description logics are well-known logical formalisms for knowledge representation. We propose to enrich knowledge bases (KBs) with dynamic axioms that specify how the satisfaction of statements from the KBs evolves when the interpretation is decomposed or recomposed, providing a natural means to predict the evolution of interpretations. Our dynamic axioms borrow logical connectives from separation logics, well-known specification languages to verify programs with dynamic data structures. In the paper, we focus on ALC and EL augmented with dynamic axioms, or to their subclass of positive dynamic axioms. The knowledge base consistency problem in the presence of dynamic axioms is investigated, leading to interesting complexity results, among which the problem for EL with positive dynamic axioms is tractable, whereas EL with dynamic axioms is undecidable.
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Liu, Siyuan, Lei Li, Christos Faloutsos et Lionel M. Ni. « Mobile Phone Graph Evolution : Findings, Model and Interpretation ». Dans 2011 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdmw.2011.123.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Evolutive interpretation"

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Miall, A. D. The Eureka Sound Group : alternative interpretations of the stratigraphy and paleogeographic evolution-discussion. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/122672.

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Ricketts, B. D. The Eureka Sound group : alternative interpretations of the stratigraphy and paleogeographic evolution-reply. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/122673.

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Tschirhart, V., S. Pehrsson, N. Wodicka, J. A. Percival, C. W. Jefferson, T. Peterson et R G Berman. Geophysical contributions to a synthesis of western Churchill geology and metallogeny. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330639.

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The geophysical data sets available for the western Churchill Province have had a bearing on the understanding of its structure, evolution and metal endowment. New data were acquired and interpreted during the Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) Program (2008-2020). Regional, high-resolution aeromagnetic, and targeted gravity and magnetotelluric surveys were collected in GEM, in conjunction with geological mapping projects, in order to provide control on bedrock features beneath widespread glacial overburden and flat-lying sedimentary basins. Quantitative estimates of three-dimensional geometry were obtained in key areas through geophysical models integrating the geophysical characteristics with local rock property measurements. These geophysical data sets contributed to new knowledge and interpretations in three related research fields: 1) location and nature of Rae cratonmp;gt;'s boundaries within the western Churchill Province; 2) definition of internal Rae architecture; and 3) identification of reactivated structures controlling gold and uranium mineralization. The new data, models and emerging tectonic and metallogenic frameworks will serve as guides for future exploration in this remote, complex, challenging region.
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Papadopoulos, Yannis. Ethics Lost : The severance of the entrenched relationship between ethics and economics by contemporary neoclassical mainstream economics. Mέta | Centre for Postcapitalist Civilisation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55405/mwp1en.

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In this paper we examine the evolution of the relation between ethics and economics. Mainly after the financial crisis of 2008, many economists, scholars, and students felt the need to find answers that were not given by the dominant school of thought in economics. Some of these answers have been provided, since the birth of economics as an independent field, from ethics and moral philosophy. Nevertheless, since the mathematisation of economics and the departure from the field of political economy, which once held together economics, philosophy, history and political science, ethics and moral philosophy have lost their role in the economics’ discussions. Three are the main theories of morality: utilitarianism, rule-based ethics and virtue ethics. The neoclassical economic model has indeed chosen one of the three to justify itself, yet it has forgotten —deliberately or not— to involve the other two. Utilitarianism has been translated to a cost benefit analysis that fits the “homo economicus” and selfish portrait of humankind and while contemporary capitalism recognizes Adam Smith as its father it does not seem to recognize or remember not only the rest of the Scottish Enlightenment’s great minds, but also Smith’s Theory of Moral Sentiments. In conclusion, if ethics is to play a role in the formation of a postcapitalist economic theory and help it escape the hopeless quest for a Wertfreiheit, then the one-dimensional selection and interpretation of ethics and morality by economists cannot lead to justified conclusions about the decision-making process.
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McKinnon, Mark, et Daniel Madryzkowski. Literature Review to Support the Development of a Database of Contemporary Material Properties for Fire Investigation Analysis. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, juin 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/wmah2173.

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The NIJ Technology Working Group’s Operational Requirements (TWG ORs) for Fire and Arson Investigation have included several scientific research needs that require knowledge of the thermophysical properties of materials that are common in the built environment, and therefore likely to be involved in a fire scene. The specific areas of research include: adequate materials property data inputs for accurate computer models, understanding the effect of materials properties on the development and interpretation of fire patterns, and evaluation of incident heat flux profiles to walls and neighboring items in support of fire model validation. These topics certainly address, in a concise way, many of the gaps that limit the analysis capability of fire investigators and engineers. Each of the three aforementioned research topics rely, in part, on accurate knowledge of the physical conditions of a material prior to the fire, how the material will respond to the exposure of heat, and how it will perform once it has ignited. This general information is required to visually assess a fire scene. The same information is needed by investigators to estimate the evolution and consequences of a fire incident using a computer model. Data sources that are currently most commonly used to determine the required properties and model inputs are outdated and incomplete. This report includes the literature review used to provide a technical approach to developing a materials database for use in fire investigations and computational fire models. A summary of the input from the project technical panel is presented which guided the initial selection of materials to be included in the database as well as the selection of test measurements.
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Oliynyk, Kateryna, et Matteo Ciantia. Application of a finite deformation multiplicative plasticity model with non-local hardening to the simulation of CPTu tests in a structured soil. University of Dundee, décembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001230.

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In this paper an isotropic hardening elastoplastic constitutive model for structured soils is applied to the simulation of a standard CPTu test in a saturated soft structured clay. To allow for the extreme deformations experienced by the soil during the penetration process, the model is formulated in a fully geometric non-linear setting, based on: i) the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into an elastic and a plastic part; and, ii) on the existence of a free energy function to define the elastic behaviour of the soil. The model is equipped with two bonding-related internal variables which provide a macroscopic description of the effects of clay structure. Suitable hardening laws are employed to describe the structure degradation associated to plastic deformations. The strain-softening associated to bond degradation usually leads to strain localization and consequent formation of shear bands, whose thickness is dependent on the characteristics of the microstructure (e.g, the average grain size). Standard local constitutive models are incapable of correctly capturing this phenomenon due to the lack of an internal length scale. To overcome this limitation, the model is framed using a non-local approach by adopting volume averaged values for the internal state variables. The size of the neighbourhood over which the averaging is performed (characteristic length) is a material constant related to the microstructure which controls the shear band thickness. This extension of the model has proven effective in regularizing the pathological mesh dependence of classical finite element solutions in the post-localization regime. The results of numerical simulations, conducted for different soil permeabilities and bond strengths, show that the model captures the development of plastic deformations induced by the advancement of the cone tip; the destructuration of the clay associated with such plastic deformations; the space and time evolution of pore water pressure as the cone tip advances. The possibility of modelling the CPTu tests in a rational and computationally efficient way opens a promising new perspective for their interpretation in geotechnical site investigations.
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Wozniakowska, P., D. W. Eaton, C. Deblonde, A. Mort et O. H. Ardakani. Identification of regional structural corridors in the Montney play using trend surface analysis combined with geophysical imaging, British Columbia and Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328850.

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The Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) is a mature oil and gas basin with an extraordinary endowment of publicly accessible data. It contains structural elements of varying age, expressed as folding, faulting, and fracturing, which provide a record of tectonic activity during basin evolution. Knowledge of the structural architecture of the basin is crucial to understand its tectonic evolution; it also provides essential input for a range of geoscientific studies, including hydrogeology, geomechanics, and seismic risk analysis. This study focuses on an area defined by the subsurface extent of the Triassic Montney Formation, a region of the WCSB straddling the border between Alberta and British Columbia, and covering an area of approximately 130,000 km2. In terms of regional structural elements, this area is roughly bisected by the east-west trending Dawson Creek Graben Complex (DCGC), which initially formed in the Late Carboniferous, and is bordered to the southwest by the Late Cretaceous - Paleocene Rocky Mountain thrust and fold belt (TFB). The structural geology of this region has been extensively studied, but structural elements compiled from previous studies exhibit inconsistencies arising from distinct subregions of investigation in previous studies, differences in the interpreted locations of faults, and inconsistent terminology. Moreover, in cases where faults are mapped based on unpublished proprietary data, many existing interpretations suffer from a lack of reproducibility. In this study, publicly accessible data - formation tops derived from well logs, LITHOPROBE seismic profiles and regional potential-field grids, are used to delineate regional structural elements. Where seismic profiles cross key structural features, these features are generally expressed as multi-stranded or en echelon faults and structurally-linked folds, rather than discrete faults. Furthermore, even in areas of relatively tight well control, individual fault structures cannot be discerned in a robust manner, because the spatial sampling is insufficient to resolve fault strands. We have therefore adopted a structural-corridor approach, where structural corridors are defined as laterally continuous trends, identified using geological trend surface analysis supported by geophysical data, that contain co-genetic faults and folds. Such structural trends have been documented in laboratory models of basement-involved faults and some types of structural corridors have been described as flower structures. The distinction between discrete faults and structural corridors is particularly important for induced seismicity risk analysis, as the hazard posed by a single large structure differs from the hazard presented by a corridor of smaller pre-existing faults. We have implemented a workflow that uses trend surface analysis based on formation tops, with extensive quality control, combined with validation using available geophysical data. Seven formations are considered, from the Late Cretaceous Basal Fish Scale Zone (BFSZ) to the Wabamun Group. This approach helped to resolve the problem of limited spatial extent of available seismic data and provided a broader spatial coverage, enabling the investigation of structural trends throughout the entirety of the Montney play. In total, we identified 34 major structural corridors and number of smaller-scale structures, for which a GIS shapefile is included as a digital supplement to facilitate use of these features in other studies. Our study also outlines two buried regional foreland lobes of the Rocky Mountain TFB, both north and south of the DCGC.
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