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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Euxinie »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 16 novembre 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Euxinie"

Grice, K., R. E. Summons, E. Grosjean, R. J. Twitchett, W. Dunning, S. X. Wang et M. E. Bottcher. « DEPOSITIONAL CONDITIONS OF THE NORTHERN ONSHORE PERTH BASIN (BASAL TRIASSIC) ». APPEA Journal 45, n^o 1 (2005) : 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj04023.

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An oil-source rock correlation has been established for the northern onshore Perth Basin (Western Australia) based on unusual aromatic and polar biomarkers attributed ultimately to a green sulphur bacterial source. Several of these biomarkers have been identified throughout the entire Sapropelic Interval of a proven petroleum source rock intersected within a recently discovered marine Permian- Triassic Perth Basin borehole (Hovea–3) and several Perth Basin crude oils. Today, green sulphur bacteria live in the anaerobic zones of stratified lakes or in marine environments with restricted water circulation, where the upper sulphide limit coincides with the lower limit of oxygen. The presence of photosynthetic pigments and carotenoids of green sulphur bacteria, or their diagenetic alteration products in sediments provide unequivocal evidence for photic zone euxinic conditions in the paleowater column. Multiple lines of evidence for photic zone euxinia and euxinic depositional conditions for the Hovea–3 source rock have been obtained from biomarker analyses. Photic zone euxinia is usually associated with the widespread deposition of organic-matter-rich sediments that constitute important source rocks for petroleum deposits that are being exploited today. With the exception of the Perth Basin, such organic-matter-rich sediments are virtually absent from Upper Permian and Lower Triassic sediments globally. Several lines of evidence indicate localised surface ocean productivity may have played a key role in the deposition of a petroleum source rock at this location, although photic zone euxinia was globally more widespread during the Permian-Triassic Superanoxic Event.

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WIGNALL, PAUL B., DAVID P. G. BOND, YADONG SUN, STEPHEN E. GRASBY, BENOIT BEAUCHAMP, MICHAEL M. JOACHIMSKI et DIERK P. G. BLOMEIER. « Ultra-shallow-marine anoxia in an Early Triassic shallow-marine clastic ramp (Spitsbergen) and the suppression of benthic radiation ». Geological Magazine 153, n^o 2 (1 octobre 2015) : 316–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756815000588.

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AbstractLower Triassic marine strata in Spitsbergen accumulated on a mid-to-high latitude ramp in which high-energy foreshore and shoreface facies passed offshore into sheet sandstones of probable hyperpycnite origin. More distal facies include siltstones, shales and dolomitic limestones. Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy comparison allows improved age dating of the Boreal sections and shows a significant hiatus in the upper Spathian. Two major deepening events, in earliest Griesbachian and late Smithian time, are separated by shallowing-upwards trends that culminated in the Dienerian and Spathian substages. The redox record, revealed by changes in bioturbation, palaeoecology, pyrite framboid content and trace metal concentrations, shows anoxic phases alternating with intervals of better ventilation. Only Dienerian–early Smithian time witnessed persistent oxygenation that was sufficient to support a diverse benthic community. The most intensely anoxic, usually euxinic, conditions are best developed in offshore settings, but at times euxinia also developed in upper offshore settings where it is even recorded in hyperpycnite and storm-origin sandstone beds: an extraordinary facet of Spitsbergen's record. The euxinic phases do not track relative water depth changes. For example, the continuous shallowing upwards from the Griesbachian to lower Dienerian was witness to several euxinic phases separated by intervals of more oxic, bioturbated sediments. It is likely that the euxinia was controlled by climatic oscillations rather than intra-basinal factors. It remains to be seen if all the anoxic phases found in Spitsbergen are seen elsewhere, although the wide spread of anoxic facies in the Smithian/Spathian boundary interval is clearly a global event.

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Hutchings, Alec M., et Alexandra V. Turchyn. « A quantification of the effect of diagenesis on the paleoredox record in mid-Proterozoic sedimentary rocks ». Geology 49, n^o 9 (24 juin 2021) : 1143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g48774.1.

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Abstract Iron speciation in ancient sedimentary rocks is widely used to reconstruct oceanic redox conditions over geological time, specifically to assess the extent of oxic, euxinic (anoxic containing sulfide), and ferruginous (anoxic containing iron) conditions. We explore how post-depositional sedimentary processes can skew particular geochemical signals in the rock record. One such process is when aqueous sulfide—including that produced in the sediment column—reacts with sedimentary iron, converting non-sulfide, highly reactive iron minerals to iron-sulfide minerals; this can lead to increased preservation of iron as pyrite and an overestimation of seafloor euxinia. We show that sedimentary rocks with higher (>5 wt%) total iron content are more buffered to this effect and thus are a more reliable indicator of true water-column euxinia. When considering this effect in the geological past, we estimate that true euxinia in the mid-Proterozoic may have been as much as fourfold less than previously thought—more in line with other recent paleoredox proxies not based on iron minerals. Marine iron and sulfate concentrations were more equivalent in Proterozoic–Neoproterozoic oceans, suggesting this time period was particularly susceptible to this post-depositional alteration, explaining the extent of euxinia suggested for this geological interval.

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Mitchell, Ross N., Uwe Kirscher, Marcus Kunzmann, Yebo Liu et Grant M. Cox. « Gulf of Nuna : Astrochronologic correlation of a Mesoproterozoic oceanic euxinic event ». Geology 49, n^o 1 (25 août 2020) : 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47587.1.

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Abstract The ca. 1.4 Ga Velkerri and Xiamaling Formations, in Australia and the north China craton, respectively, are both carbonaceous shale deposits that record a prominent euxinic interval and were intruded by ca. 1.3 Ga dolerite sills. These similarities raise the possibility that these two units correlate, which would suggest the occurrence of widespread euxinia, organic carbon burial, and source rock deposition. Paleomagnetic data are consistent with Australia and the north China craton being neighbors in the supercontinent Nuna and thus permit deposition in a single large basin, and the putative stratigraphic correlation. However, lack of geochronological data has precluded definitive testing. The Xiamaling Formation has been shown to exhibit depositional control by orbital cycles. Here, we tested the putative correlation with the Velkerri Formation by cyclostratigraphic analysis. The Velkerri Formation exhibits sedimentological cycles that can be interpreted to represent the entire hierarchy of orbital cycles, according to a sedimentation rate that is consistent with Re-Os ages. Comparison of the inferred durations of the euxinic intervals preserved in both the Xiamaling and Velkerri Formations reveals a nearly identical ∼10-m.y.-long oceanic euxinic event. This permits the interpretation that the two hydrocarbon-rich units were deposited and matured in the same basin of Nuna, similar to the Gulf of Mexico during the breakup of Pangea.

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Shopov, Vladimir, et Maria Stancheva. « Correlation of the zonal schemes in the Quaternary sediments of the Bulgarian Black Sea shelf according to molluscs and ostracods ». Geologica Balcanica 24, n^o 3 (30 juin 1994) : 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.24.3.77.

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The Candona Ostracod Zone corresponds the Upper Chaudinian where the Dreissena rostriformis tschaudae Molluscan Zone is indicated. The Didacna crassa pontocaspia – Dreissena euxinica and Didacna crassa pontocaspia – Alba ovata Molluscan Concurrent-range-zones corresponding to the Cryptocyprideis bogatschovi Ostracod Zone are interpreted respectively in the Middle Pleistocene, Old Euxinian and Uzunlarian Stages. The section of the Upper Pleistocenian (Karangatian) molluscan zones has not been presented for analysis of the Ostracod sequences. The sequence of the molluscan and ostracod zones in the inner shelf has been broken by a barren zone which corresponds to the continental sediments, deposited in the Early New Euxinian. The Loxoconcha lepida Ostracod Zone corresponds to the following in superposition Upper Euxinian Dreissena polymorpha – Dreissena rostriformis distincta Molluscan Concurrent-rage-zone. The Hydrobia ventrosa – Monodacna caspia Molluscan Zone together with the following in superposition Mytilus galloprovincialis Zone comprise the sediments of the Old Chernomorian. The intervals occupied by the Cyprideis torosa Ostracod Zone correspond to these molluscan zones. The Falunia rubra – Loxoncha granulata Osatracod Zone comprises the area occupied by the Spisula subtruncata triangula Molluscan zone including also the upper parts of the Mytilus galloprovincialis Molluscan Zone.

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JIN, CHENGSHENG, CHAO LI, THOMAS J. ALGEO, MENG CHENG, LIDAN LEI, ZIHU ZHANG et WEI SHI. « Evidence for marine redox control on spatial colonization of early animals during Cambrian Age 3 (c. 521–514 Ma) in South China ». Geological Magazine 154, n^o 6 (29 décembre 2016) : 1360–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756816001138.

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AbstractThe early Cambrian Period was a key interval in Earth history with regard to changes in both ocean chemistry and animal evolution. Although increasing ocean ventilation has been widely assumed to have played a key role in the rapid appearance, diversification and spatial colonization of early animals, this relationship is in fact not firmly established. Here, we report a high-resolution Fe-C-S-Al-Ti geochemical study of the lower Cambrian Wangjiaping section from an outer-shelf setting of the Yangtze Sea of South China. Iron speciation data document a redox transition from dominantly euxinic to ferruginous conditions during Cambrian Age 3 (c. 521–514 Ma). Interpretation of coexisting pyrite sulphur isotope (δ34Spy) records from Wangjiaping reveals relatively high marine sulphate availability at Wangjiaping. Furthermore, Wangjiaping section shows lower δ34Spy (‒2.1±5.3‰) and lower TOC (2.4±1.1%) values but higher positive correlation (R2 = 0.66, p < 0.01) between TOC and Fepy/FeHR relative to deeper sections reported previously, suggesting that euxinia developed at Wangjiaping in response to increasing marine productivity and organic matter-sinking fluxes. Our reconstructed redox conditions and fossils at Wangjiaping in comparison with previously well-studied strata in the inner-shelf Xiaotan and Shatan sections suggest that planktonic and benthic planktonic trilobites with bioturbation appeared in the oxic water columns, whereas only planktonic trilobites without bioturbation occurred within the anoxic (even euxinic) water columns during Cambrian Age 3. This finding indicates that spatial heterogeneity of redox conditions in the shelves had an important effect on early animal distribution in the Yangtze Block.

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Wendt, Anna K., Mike A. Arthur, Rudy Slingerland, Daniel Kohl, Reed Bracht et Terry Engelder. « Geochemistry and depositional history of the Union Springs Member, Marcellus Formation in central Pennsylvania ». Interpretation 3, n^o 3 (1 août 2015) : SV17—SV33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2014-0228.1.

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Debate continues over paleoenvironmental conditions that prevail during deposition of organic-carbon (C)-rich marine source rocks in foreland basins and epicontinental seas. The focus of disagreement centers largely on paleowater depth and the prevalence of anoxia/euxinia. The issues of paleodepth and water column conditions are important for prediction of lateral variations in source quality within a basin because the viability of a hydrocarbon play depends on a thorough understanding of the distribution of source rock quality and depositional environments. We used inorganic geochemical data from the Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale in the Appalachian Basin to illustrate interpretive strategies that provided constraints on conditions during deposition. Source evaluation typically relies on the analysis and interpretation of organic geochemical indicators, potentially also providing evidence of the degree of thermal maturity and conditions of the preservation of the organic matter. The Marcellus Formation is thermally mature, making the evaluation of the organic-carbon fraction for geologic interpretation inadequate. Because most labile organic matter has largely been destroyed in the Marcellus Formation, analysis of inorganic elements may be used as an alternative interpretative technique. Several inorganic elements have been correlated to varying depositional settings, allowing for their use as proxies for understanding the paleodepositional environments of formations. A high-resolution geochemical data set has been constructed for the Union Springs Member along a transect of cores from proximal to distal in the Appalachian Basin in central Pennsylvania using major, minor, and trace elemental data. Our results suggested that during deposition, the sediment-water interface, and a portion of the water column, was anoxic to euxinic. As deposition continued, euxinia was periodically interrupted by dysoxia and even oxic conditions, and a greater influx of clastic material occurred. Such variations were likely related to fluctuations in water depth and progradation of deltaic complexes from the eastern margin of the Appalachian Basin.

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МЕРЕНКОВА, С. И., Г. А. КАЛМЫКОВ, А. Ю. ПУЗИК, Р. Р. ГАБДУЛЛИН, И. В. БАДЬЯНОВА, М. А. ВОЛКОВА, К. П. КАЗЫМОВ et М. М. ШИРОЯН. « GEOCHEMICAL FACETS OF THE INIKAN FORMATION AS INDICATORS OF STRATIFICATION AND HYDROCHEMISTRY OF THE CAMBRIAN PALEOBASIN ». Геология и геофизика 65, n^o 2 (29 février 2024) : 265–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15372/gig2023140.

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Выполнены геохимические исследования пород иниканской свиты из береговых обнажений р. Юдома. Для всех проанализированных литологических разностей характерно значительное обогащение B, Ni, Mo, Ag, Sb, U, т. е. редокс-чувствительными элементами, а также элементами, способными к биоосаждению. Источником элементов являлась морская вода, выщелачивающая их из эолового материала. Установлено, что отложения накапливались в аноксических условиях с периодами возникновения как эвксинных (по-видимому, в придонном слое), так и субоксических условий. Развитие таких аноксических и эвксинных условий вызвано устойчивой стратификацией океана, существовавшей в раннесреднекембрийское время в данной части бассейна. Помимо этого, длительное накопление богатых ОВ осадков в условиях аноксии, периодической эвксинии и устойчивой стратификации указывает на возможное наличие в данной части бассейна геоморфологически обособленной впадины. CIA—Кcorr варьируется от 68 до 95. Невысокие значения индекса могут быть связаны со значительной высотой в области денудации. Geochemical studies of Inikan Formation rocks from the coastal outcrops of the Yudoma River were carried out. All analyzed lithological varieties are characterized by significant enrichment in B, Ni, Mo, Ag, Sb, U (redox-sensitive trace metals and elements associated with biodeposition). The source of the elements was sea water that leached them from the eolian material. It was found that the deposits accumulated in anoxic environments with periods of both euxinic (probably, in the bottom water mass) and suboxic conditions. Such anoxic and euxinic conditions developed due to the stable stratification of the ocean that existed in the early–middle Cambrian in this part of the basin. In addition, the long-term accumulation of organic-rich sediment under conditions of anoxia, periodic euxinia, and stable stratification indicates the presence of a geomorphologically isolated depression in this part of the basin. CIA-Kcorr ranges from 68 to 95. The low values of the CIA may be related to the height of the relief in the sedimentary source area.

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Rood, Tim. « Black Sea variations : Arrian's Periplus ». Cambridge Classical Journal 57 (décembre 2011) : 137–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1750270500001305.

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Comme tous les Grecs, il n'a pas pu ne pas embellir ce qu'il a touché. On retrouve en lui cet éminent esprit d'une race privilégiée qui dans les sujets les plus arides fait pénétrer l'art et même la poésie. … même en quittant … le Périple d'Arrien, nous pouvons dire comme Fuséli en quittant les marbres du Parthénon: ‘Ah! les Grecs, les Grecs, c'étaient des dieux.’ H. Chotard, Le Périple de la Mer Noire par ArrienArrian's Periplus maris Euxini (Circumnavigation of the Euxine) is an ambitious and unusual work. Written in the 130s AD in the form of a letter to the emperor Hadrian, who had himself visited the Black Sea a few years earlier, it was a literary complement to a report Arrian made in Latin, as governor of Cappadocia, on Rome's military position in the Black Sea. It is also unusual in its form: unlike most periploi, which are marked by continuity of movement and by a highly repetitive style, it is discontinuous both in its spatial movement and in its narrative style.

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Grice, Kliti, Alex I. Holman, Chloe Plet et Madison Tripp. « Fossilised Biomolecules and Biomarkers in Carbonate Concretions from Konservat-Lagerstätten ». Minerals 9, n^o 3 (6 mars 2019) : 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9030158.

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In the vast majority of fossils, the organic matter is degraded with only an impression or cast of the organism remaining. In rare cases, ideal burial conditions result in a rapid fossilisation with an exceptional preservation of soft tissues and occasionally organic matter. Such deposits are known as Lagerstätten and have been found throughout the geological record. Exceptional preservation is often associated with finely crystalline quartz (e.g., cherts), fine sediments (e.g., muds) or volcanic ashes. Other mechanisms include burial in anoxic/euxinic sediments and in the absence of turbidity or scavenging. Exceptional preservation can also occur when an organism is encapsulated in carbonate cement, forming a concretion. This mechanism involves complex microbial processes, resulting in a supersaturation in carbonate, with microbial sulfate reduction and methane cycling the most commonly suggested processes. In addition, conditions of photic zone euxinia are often found to occur during concretion formation in marine environments. Concretions are ideal for the study of ancient and long-extinct organisms, through both imaging techniques and biomolecular approaches. These studies have provided valuable insights into the evolution of organisms and their environments through the Phanerozoic and have contributed to increasing interest in fields including chemotaxonomy, palaeobiology, palaeoecology and palaeophysiology.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Euxinie"

Caumartin, Jeanne. « Étude des déterminants environnementaux et de l’anoxie dans la formation des microbialites ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS238.

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Les microbialites sont des structures organo-sédimentaires formées par les interactions entre des communautés microbiennes benthiques et des phases minérales. Certaines se développent actuellement alors que les plus anciennes, sous forme fossile, sont datées jusqu’à ~3,43 Ga et comptent parmi les plus anciennes traces de vie non-ambigües connues sur Terre. Par conséquent, les microbialites fournissent des informations précieuses sur la paléobiologie et les paléoenvironnements. Pourtant, malgré l’importance géobiologique de ces objets, leurs conditions et processus de formation sont encore peu compris. En particulier, des microbialites anciennes se sont vraisemblablement formées dans des conditions anoxiques, ce qui peut avoir des conséquences majeures sur la disponibilité des espèces chimiques en solution. Or, la plupart des microbialites actuelles, utilisées comme analogues des microbialites anciennes, se forment dans des environnements oxiques. Ceci confronte nos interprétations des paléobiologies et des paléoenvironnements à un manque de données sur la formation des microbialites en anoxie, et sur l’acclimatation/l’adaptation de leurs communautés microbiennes au cours du temps dans ces conditions. Ici, nous nous sommes intéressés à des microbialites actuelles découvertes dans des zones profondes saisonnièrement anoxiques de deux lacs alcalins : Alchichica et Atexcac (Mexique), en couplant des études de la minéralogie, de la diversité des microorganismes, de la géochimie des solutions et de la spéciation des éléments chimiques. Dans un premier temps de cette thèse, nous proposons, après avoir mis en place une base de données des microbialites actuelles connues, que les eaux où se forment les microbialites doivent être saturées vis-à-vis de phases carbonatées précurseurs et solubles comme les carbonates de calcium amorphes (ACC) et la monohydrocalcite, et que ce critère géochimique explique la présence ou non de microbialites dans des environnements actuels. Nous montrons ensuite un enregistrement des états redox de la colonne d’eau non seulement par la minéralogie des microbialites profondes via des signatures dans la spéciation du soufre déterminées par des analyses en spectroscopie d’absorption X synchrotron, mais aussi par les communautés microbiennes via des fluctuations d’abondances taxonomiques relatives identifiées par metabarcoding. Enfin, nous démontrons que les microbialites actuelles du lac Alchichica sont soumises à de la diagenèse précoce, conduisant à la formation de phases minérales rares comme la huntite, et ce notamment de manière différente en profondeur dans la colonne d’eau
Microbialites are organo-sedimentary structures formed by interactions between benthic microbial communities and mineral phases. Some are currently developing, while the oldest, in fossil form, have been dated back to ~3.43 Ga and are among the oldest traces of non-ambiguous life known on Earth. Consequently, microbialites provide valuable information on paleobiology and paleoenvironments. However, despite the geobiological importance of these objects, their formation conditions and processes are still poorly understood. In particular, ancient microbialites are likely to have formed under anoxic conditions, which can have major consequences for the availability of chemical species in solution. However, most modern microbialites, used as analogues of ancient microbialites, form in oxic environments. This confronts our interpretations of paleobiologies and paleoenvironments with a lack of data on the formation of microbialites in anoxia, and on the acclimation/adaptation of their microbial communities over time in these conditions. Here, we have focused on modern microbialites discovered in seasonally anoxic deep zones of two alkaline lakes: Alchichica and Atexcac (Mexico) by combining studies of mineralogy, microorganism diversity, solution geochemistry and chemical element speciation. In the first part of this thesis, after setting up a database of known modern microbialites, we propose that the waters where microbialites form must be saturated with precursor and soluble carbonate phases such as amorphous calcium carbonates (ACC) and monohydrocalcite, and that this geochemical criterion explains the presence or absence of microbialites in modern environments. We then show a record of water column redox states not only by the mineralogy of deep microbialites via signatures in sulfur speciation determined by synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy analyses, but also by microbial communities via fluctuations in relative taxonomic abundances identified by metabarcoding. Finally, we demonstrate that the modern microbialites of Lake Alchichica undergo early diagenesis, leading to the formation of rare mineral phases such as huntite, and in particular differentially at depth in the water column

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Hagemann, Lucas Michael. « PYRITE FRAMBOID SIZE DISTRIBUTION : ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ACCUMULATION OF DEVONIAN - MISSISSIPPIAN SHALES, CENTRAL KENTUCKY ». OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1106.

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The depositional environment that existed during the accumulation of Devonian - Mississippian black shales of the eastern US has been a topic of debate in recent decades. In this study, pyrite framboid size distribution was evaluated for four cores from the Devonian outcrop belt of central Kentucky to determine the role that anoxic-euxinic conditions may have played in the accumulation of these black shales. For samples from the Appalachian Basin, pyrite framboid size distributions suggest that the Sunbury Shale and the upper part of the Huron Shale Member of the Ohio Shale were deposited under predominantly euxinic conditions, whereas the lowermost part of the Huron Member and the Cleveland Member of the Ohio Shale were deposited under predominantly dysoxic to oxic conditions. For samples from the Illinois Basin, pyrite framboid size distributions suggest that the Clegg Creek and the Morgan Trail members of the New Albany Shale indicate dysoxic to oxic conditions were present, whereas data for the Camp Run Member suggest the sediments were deposited during repeated intervals of euxinic deposition followed by predominant dysoxic - oxic conditions which allowed development of the bioturbated fabric seen in these gray shales. These results are not completely in agreement with previous research that utilized C-S-Fe and trace element relationships to establish depositional conditions during organic-rich sediment accumulation. For example, previous research has indicated that the Cleveland Member of the Ohio Shale and the Clegg Creek Member of the New Albany Shale were deposited under euxinic conditions. Reasons for these differences in interpretation may include syngenetic and diagenetic processes including winnowing of framboids in the depositional environment and atypical growth of the framboids.

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Castelli, Thibaut. « Recherches sur les échanges économiques des cités grecques du littoral occidental de la Mer Noire du Ve siècle au Ier siècle a.C ». Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100118.

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On se propose d’élaborer une nouvelle vision des échanges entre les cités grecques du littoral occidental de la mer Noire et le reste du monde grec de l’époque classique à l’époque hellénistique. En étudiant ces cités de Nikônion à Apollonia, dans une perspective économique, cette thèse se propose de découvrir si elles ont des caractéristiques économiques semblables et si elles suivent le même rythme de développement. Ceci pourra aider à vérifier dans quelle mesure ces cités, qui ont des relations commerciales intenses, peuvent être regroupées en un ensemble économique cohérent. On devra identifier également les acteurs de ces échanges, ainsi que les produits échangés, dont certains (céréales, poissons, esclaves...) n’ont laissé que peu de traces dans les sources archéologiques, épigraphiques et littéraires. La recherche inclut les relations avec les populations et les royaumes de l’hinterland qui influent sur l’exploitation des territoires ruraux de ces cités et qui sont des partenaires commerciaux. Cette recherche permettra de comparer le fonctionnement des échanges avec d’autres parties du Pont-Euxin, notamment le Pont Nord où l’influence d’Athènes est importante durant le IVe siècle. Le but est de pouvoir comparer les flux observés dans l’espace pontique avec ceux existant dans d’autres régions grecques
We intend to develop a new understanding of the trade between the Greek cities of the western coast of the Black Sea and the rest of the Greek world during the Classical and Hellenistic periods. By studying these cities from Nikonion to Apollonia, from an economic perspective, this thesis aims to discover if they have similar economic characteristics and if they follow the same rythm of development. This may help to see how these cities, which have intense trade relations can be grouped into a cohesive economic unit. We will also identify in these exchanges the actors and the traded products, some of which (cereals, fish, slaves ...) have left little traces in the archaeological, epigraphic and literary sources. The research includes the relationship with the population and kingdoms of the hinterland that affect the exploitation of rural areas of these cities and are trade partners. This research will compare the exchanges with other parts of the Black Sea, including the northern part where the Athenian influence is important during the 4th century. The goal is to compare the flow observed in the Pontic area with those existing in other regions of Greece
Ne propunem să elaborăm aici o nouă viziune a schimburilor între cetăţile greceşti de pe țărmul occidental al Mării Negre și restul lumii greceşti, din epoca clasică până în epoca elenistică. Studiind aceste cetăţi, de la Nikonion la Apollonia, într-o perspectivă economică, teza de față îşi propune să afle dacă respectivele cetăţi au caracteristici economice asemănătoare și dacă urmează acelaşi ritm de dezvoltare. Aceasta ne va putea ajuta să verificăm în ce măsură aceste cetăţi, care au relații comerciale intense, pot fi grupate într-un ansamblu economic coerent. Va trebui să identificăm de asemenea actorii acestor schimburi, ca și produsele schimbate, dintre care unele (cereale, pește, sclavi…) nu au lăsat decât puține urme în sursele arheologice, epigrafice și literare. Cercetarea include relațiile cu populațiile și regatele din hinterland care își exercită influența asupra exploatării teritoriilor rurale ale acestor cetăţi și care sunt parteneri comerciali. Această cercetare ne va permite să comparăm felul în care funcţionau schimburile cu alte zone ale Pontului Euxin, în special cu Pontul Nord, unde influența Atenei este importantă pe parcursul secolului al IV-lea. Scopul este acela de a putea să comparăm fluxurile observate în spațiul pontic cu cele existente în alte regiuni grecești

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Bovee, Roderick. « Lipidomic and Genomic Investigation of Mahoney Lake, B.C ». Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11287.

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Photic-zone euxinia (PZE) is associated with several times in Earth's history including Phanerozoic extinction events and long parts of the Proterozoic. One of the best modern analogues for extreme PZE is Mahoney Lake in British Columbia, Canada where a dense layer of purple sulfur bacteria separate the oxic mixolimnion from one of the most sulfidic monimolimnions in the world. These purple sulfur bacteria are known to produce the carotenoid okenone. Okenone's diagenetic product, okenane, has potential as a biomarker for photic-zone euxinia, so understanding its production and transport is important for interpreting the geologic record. In the following dissertation, I examine Mahoney Lake with a multi-proxy approach. I use lipid biomarkers to understand organic matter production burial in the lake and find strong evidence of lateral transport of organic matter from shoreline microbial mats to the lake-bottom sediments. I also find evidence of okenone production in these shoreline mats and a carotenoid previously unreported in the environment, Thiothece-484, associated with the okenone synthetic pathway. Finally, I develop a new bioinformatics method to examine high-throughput metagenomic data and use this method to start understanding how the metabolic and lipid synthetic pathways of microbial communities in the lake are associated with each other.
Earth and Planetary Sciences

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Quijada, Melesio. « Diagenèse organique dans un bassin euxinique, le bassin de Cariaco depuis 130 ka ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10102/document.

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Le bassin de Cariaco représente un emplacement idéal pour l’étude de la préservation de la matière organique (MO) en particulier la sulfuration naturelle, car il a présenté des conditions euxiniques récurrentes au cours de son histoire. Pour contraindre les processus de préservation de la MO, nous avons étudié les sédiments varvés du bassin de Cariaco sur une période de 130 ka. Nous avons mis au point un protocole basé sur des hydrolyses séquentielles permettant d’isoler des kérogènes libres d'artefacts. Ce protocole a permis de libérer d’importantes quantités de carbohydrates représentant jusqu'à 3% du carbone organique total. Ces carbohydrates d’origine algo-bactérienne présentent une diminution en profondeur lié à des processus de dégradation in situ et/ou à l’incorporation dans la matrice macromoléculaire. L’étude des marqueurs moléculaires présents dans les extraits organiques corrobore l’origine principalement autochtone de la MO. Cependant la contribution des végétaux terrestres a été mise en évidence dans les échantillons correspondant aux périodes glaciaires. Le processus de sulfuration naturelle a un rôle important dans la préservation de la MO à Cariaco. La sulfuration intramoléculaire est indiquée par la présence des thiophènes et thiolanes à l’état libre. La désulfuration au nickel de Raney et la pyrolyse des kérogènes révèlent également une sulfuration intermoléculaire. La sulfuration ne présente pas une tendance générale à l’augmentation dans l’intervalle étudié. Le processus se révèle sensible aux variations climatiques, et facteurs tels que les conditions redox du milieu et la disponibilité et réactivité des précurseurs moléculaires
The Cariaco basin provide an ideal location to study the organic matter (OM) preservation processes in particular the natural sulfurization, since it has presented recurrent euxinic conditions along its history. To better understand the OM preservation processes, we have studied the varved sediments of Cariaco in a time interval of 130 ky. In this study, we have employed an artifact free method based on stepwise hydrolysis for the isolation of kerogen. This method permitted to obtain important amounts of monomeric carbohydrates, accounting for up to 3% of the total organic carbon. Those algal/bacterial-derived carbohydrates present a decrease with depth related to in situ degradation and/or incorporation to the macromolecular matrix. The investigation of the organic extracted biomarkers corroborate the authochtonous origin of the OM. Nevertheless, an important contribution of terrestrial OM was observed in the samples from glacials periods. The natural sulfurization process have an important role in the preservation of OM in Cariaco basin. The intramolecular sulfurization was revealed by the presence of free alkylthiophenes and thiolanes. Raney nickel desulfurization and kerogen pyrolysis also revealed intermolecular sulfurization. The natural sulfurization does not present a global increase in the time interval studied. This process respond to variations in climatic conditions, redox conditions in the water column and sediments and also to the reactivity and availability of the molecular precursors

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Taniwaki, Takashi. « Photic Zone Euxinia and Microbial Mat Development in the Early Triassic of the Perth Basin, Western Australia : Implications for Petroleum Systems ». Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/88829.

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Reconstruction of basin-scale paleogeography and paleoenvironments in the northern Perth Basin during the Early Triassic, utilising integrated geological and organic geochemical analyses, shows the distribution of photic zone euxinia and microbial mats following the end-Permian mass extinction. Such analyses also distinguish the organic geochemical signatures of photic zone euxinia and microbial mats, identify source rock potential across the basin, and have implications for the petroleum system in both the northern Perth and Northern Carnarvon basins.

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Jonnekin, Georges. « Les échanges dans le Pont-Euxin à l'époque archaïque ». Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10027.

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Recherche de témoignages sur les échanges en mer Noire à l'époque archaîque (fin VIIème siècle-1er quart Vème siècle) recouvrant le commerce maritime entre colonies grecques et métropoles, le commerce entre colonies et les échanges avec les peuples autochtones, notamment Scythes et peuples sédentarisés de la steppe boisée. Examen des sources écrites littéraires et épigraphiques, des découvertes archéologiques et des monnaies. En 2ème partie, analyse détaillée des échanges : vin et huile (amphores), céramique, métaux, céréales, esclaves, sel et poisson, objets précieux, objets divers (bois, produits alimentaires, textiles, cuirs et fourrures, plantes. . . ). Evocation des acteurs des échanges (aristocrates ou marchands enrichis des cités de Grèce de l'Est, marchands vivant dans les colonies ou autochtones hellénisés). Traitement de quelques aspects techniques : routes maritimes, fluviales ou terrestres, rôle de l'Etat (réglementations, appareil judiciaire, poids et mesures, monnaies).

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French, Katherine L. (Katherine Louise). « Testing the ancient marine redox record from oxygenic photosynthesis to photic zone euxina ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97336.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Joint Program in Chemical Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Tracing the evolution of Earth's redox history is one of the great challenges of geobiology and geochemistry. The accumulation of photosynthetically derived oxygen transformed the redox state of Earth's surface environments, setting the stage for the subsequent evolution of complex life. However, the timing of the advent of oxygenic photosynthesis relative to the Great Oxidation Event (GOE; -2.4 Ga) is poorly constrained. After the deep ocean became oxygenated in the early Phanerozoic, hydrogen sulfide, which is toxic to most aerobes, may have transiently accumulated in the marine photic zone (i.e. photic zone euxinia; PZE) during mass extinctions and oceanic anoxic events. Here, the molecular fossil evidence for oxygenic photosynthesis and eukaryotes is reevaluated, where the results imply that currently existing lipid biomarkers are contaminants. Next, the stratigraphic distribution of green and purple sulfur bacteria biomarkers through geologic time is evaluated to test whether these compounds reflect a water column sulfide signal, which is implicit in their utility as PZE paleoredox proxies. Results from a modern case study underscore the need to consider allochthonous and microbial mat sources and the role of basin restriction as alternative explanations for these biomarkers in the geologic record, in addition to an autochthonous planktonic source.
by Katherine L. French.
Ph. D.

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Özgören, Aydin. « La question de la République grecque du Pont-Euxin, 1914-1922 ». Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA1039.

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Influencés par les événements, la fin du XIXème siècle et notamment par le démantèlement de l’Empire ottoman, les notables grecs pontiques se sont regroupés autour d’un mouvement pour concrétiser un idéal, celui de faire revivre l’État pontique qui avait existé deux mille ans auparavant dans la Région de la mer Noire (actuellement au nord de la Turquie). Ce mouvement, né à la suite de la révolution jeune turque de 1908, prit de l’ampleur au cours des guerres balkaniques de 1911-1912, puis se consolida avec la guerre mondiale de 1914. Le mouvement pontique avait trois objectifs principaux : -L’annexion de la région à la Grèce. Gérmanos Kavanghélis, le métropolite d’Amasya et Samsun, soutenait fortement ce projet. -la création d’un État indépendant du Pont. Cette idée était le fait du Patriarcat orthodoxe de Constantinople, du lobby pontique en Europe et de certains dirigeants religieux locaux, comme Chrysanthos Philippidès, le métropolite de Trabzon. -la création d’une confédération autonome ponto-arménienne. Les événements qui firent suite à la Révolution bolchevique de 1917 réveillèrent l’enthousiasme de la diaspora pontique en Turquie, en Russie, en Grèce, aux États-Unis et en Europe. Ils tentèrent, dés lors, de se faire entendre lors de la Conférence internationale de la Paix de Paris (18 janvier 1919- août 1920). Cependant, ils n’étaient pas capables de constituer un groupe de pression suffisamment fort pour imposer leur projet. Ainsi, les puissances occidentales semblaient peu enclines à satisfaire les revendications des Grecs pontiques. Finalement, après la défaite de l’Armée grecque en Asie Mineure et la migration forcée suite au traité de Lausanne (le 24 juillet 1923) ont abouti à une élimination presque totale de la présence des Grecs du Pont dans la région de la mer Noire
Influenced by the events of the time, by the expiry of the 19th century and especially by the dismantlement of the Ottoman Empire, the Greek Pontic notables were grouped around a movement in order to concretize an ideal: to revive the Pontus State which had existed two thousand years ago in the Black Sea region (actually in the north of Turkey). This movement, which had appeared after the 1908 Young Turk revolution, intensified during the 1911-1912 Balkan Wars, and consolidated with the First World War in 1914. The Pontic movement had 3 principal objectives: Annexation of the region to Greece. Germanos Kavanghelis, metropolitan of Amasya and Samsun, strongly supported this project. Creation of an independent Pontus State. This idea was upheld by the Orthodox Patriarchate in Constantinople, by the Pontus lobby in Europe and by certain local religious administrators like Chrysanthos Philippides, metropolitan of Trabzon. Creation of an autonomous Pontic –Armenian confederation. The events that were experienced after the 1917 Bolchevik Revolution aroused enthusiasm among the Pontus diaspora in Turkey, Russia, Greece, the US and Europe. Thereupon, they tried to explain themselves during the Paris International Peace Conference (January 18, 1919- August 1920). However, they were not capable to constitute a pressure group that was strong enough to impose their project. Thus, the western powers seemed less inclined to satisfy the Pontus Greek revendications. Finally, the defeat of Greek army in Minor Asia and the forced migration following the treaty of Lausanne (July 24, 1923) gave way to the nearly total elimination of Pontic Greeks in the Black Sea region

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Akhan, Ceyda. « Preservation And Shelf Life Extension Of Anchovy (engraulis Encrasicolus) And Haddock (gadus Merlangus Euxinus) By High Hydrostatic Pressure ». Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614354/index.pdf.

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High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) application, alone or in combination with refrigeration, ambient or moderate heating temperatures
inactivates pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms and conserves the product &bdquo
&bdquo
freshness

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Livres sur le sujet "Euxinie"

Aidan, Liddle, dir. Periplus Ponti Euxini. London : Bristol Classical, 2003.

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Rădulescu, Adrian. Ovidiu la Pontul Euxin. Constanța [Romania] : Ex Ponto, 1998.

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Arrian. Périple du Pont-Euxin. Paris : Les Belles Lettres, 1995.

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Alain, Silberman, dir. Périple du Pont-Euxin. Paris : Les Belles Lettres, 1995.

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Lucinescu, Dan. Prin Europa : Din Scandinavia la Pontul Euxin. Iași : Fides, 1998.

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Scarlat, Constantin. Itinerare subacvatice la Istru și Pontul Euxin. București : Editura Sport-Turism, 1988.

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Shcheglov, A. N. Polis et Chora : Cité et territoire dans le Pont-Euxin. [Besançon] : Université de Besançon, 1992.

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Colchis), Symposium de Vani (Colchide) (8th 1997. Religions du Pont-Euxin : Actes du VIIIe Symposium de Vani, Colchide, 1997. [Besançon] : Presses universitaires franc-comtoises, 1999.

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Counillon, Patrick. Pseudo-Skylax : Le périple du Pont-Euxin : texte, traduction, commentaire philologique et historique. Bordeaux : Ausonius, 2004.

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Atasoy, Sümer, et Şevket Dönmez. Güneş Karadeniz'den doğar : Lux ex Ponto Euxino : Sümer Atasoy'a armağan yazılar = Studies presented in honour of Sümer Atasoy. Emek, Ankara : Hel Yayıncılık, 2013.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Euxinie"

Suski, W., et T. Palewski. « EuxIn1–xTlTe2 ». Dans Pnictides and Chalcogenides II, 1269–70. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10713485_417.

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Azimova, Shakhnoza S., et Anna I. Glushenkova. « Cakile euxina Pobed. » Dans Lipids, Lipophilic Components and Essential Oils from Plant Sources, 203. London : Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-323-7_645.

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Matei-Chesnoiu, Monica. « Ovid, Pontus Euxinus, and Geographic Imagination ». Dans Geoparsing Early Modern English Drama, 59–79. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137469410_3.

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Talebi, Khosro Sagheb, Toktam Sajedi et Mehdi Pourhashemi. « Euxino-Hyrcanian Province : Caspian and Arasbaran Regions ». Dans Forests of Iran, 15–65. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7371-4_2.

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Browicz, Kazimierz. « Chorology of the Euxinian and Hyrcanian element in the woody flora of Asia ». Dans Woody plants — evolution and distribution since the Tertiary, 305–14. Vienna : Springer Vienna, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-3972-1_16.

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Uzun, Alper, et Salih Terzioğlu. « Forest Successional Change and Its Effect on Plant Species Diversity : A Case Study for Euxine Forests, NE Turkey ». Dans Earth and Environmental Sciences Library, 587–613. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12112-8_27.

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Ciglenečki, Irena, Zrinka Ljubešić, Ivica Janeković et Mirna Batistić. « Rogoznica Lake, a Euxinic Marine Lake on the Adriatic Coast (Croatia) that Fluctuates Between Anoxic Holomictic and Meromictic Conditions ». Dans Ecology of Meromictic Lakes, 125–54. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49143-1_6.

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Dana, Madalina. « Peut-on être sophiste dans le Pont-Euxin ? Philosophie, rhétorique et périphérie ». Dans Recherches sur les Rhétoriques Religieuses, 109–25. Turnhout, Belgium : Brepols Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.rrr-eb.5.121137.

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Besiktepe, S., A. E. Kideys et M. Unsal. « In situ grazing pressure and diel vertical migration of female Calanus euxinus in the Black Sea ». Dans Eutrophication in Planktonic Ecosystems : Food Web Dynamics and Elemental Cycling, 323–32. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1493-8_27.

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Rickard, David. « Euxinic Systems ». Dans Developments in Sedimentology, 495–542. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-52989-3.00013-1.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Euxinie"

Ozaki, Kazumi. « Conditions required for oceanic anoxia/euxinia revisited ». Dans Goldschmidt2021. France : European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.4926.

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Fouskas, Fotios, William Gilhooly, Josef P. Werne et Molly D. O'Beirne. « SULFUR CYCLING AND PYRITE FORMATION IN MODERN EUXINIC LAKES ». Dans Joint 52nd Northeastern Annual Section and 51st North-Central Annual GSA Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017ne-291327.

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Sahoo, Swapan, Geoffrey Gilleaudeau et Alan Kaufman. « Eustacy, euxinia and extinction during the Devonian-Carboniferous transition ». Dans Goldschmidt2023. France : European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.17316.

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Sparkes, Robert, Molly O'Beirne, Josef Werne, William Gilhooly et Bart van Dongen. « Production and Preservation of Novel Bacteriohopanepolyols Under Extreme Environmental Euxinia ». Dans Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2444.

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Caumartin, Jeanne, Karim Benzerara, Miguel Iniesto, David Moreira, Didier Jézéquel, Robin Havas, Christophe Thomazo et Purificación López-García. « Study of modern microbialites in a seasonally euxinic water column ». Dans Goldschmidt2023. France : European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.17970.

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Chappaz, Anthony, Alexander Dickson, Omid Haeri Ardakani et Nicolas Tribovillard. « Molybdenum heterogeneity in euxinic settings : Implications for the Mo isotopes ». Dans Goldschmidt2023. France : European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.20324.

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Mitchell, Ross N., Uwe Kirscher, Marcus Kunzmann, Yebo Liu et Grant M. Cox. « GULF OF NUNA : ASTROCHRONOLOGIC CORRELATION OF A MESOPROTEROZOIC OCEANIC EUXINIC EVENT ». Dans GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-355751.

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Zheng, Wang, Geoffrey J. Gilleaudeau, Linda C. Kah et Ariel D. Anbar. « MERCURY STABLE ISOTOPES AS A NOVEL PROXY FOR PHOTIC ZONE EUXINIA ». Dans GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-307848.

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Meyer, Katja M., Angus Williams, Jamie Johnson, Christopher K. Junium et Clive Jones. « SULFUR ISOTOPE HETEROGENEITY IN FRAMBOIDAL PYRITES FROM A STRATIFIED EUXINIC LAKE ». Dans GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-320236.

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Sahoo, Swapan, Geoffrey J. Gilleaudeau et Alan Kaufman. « EUSTASY, EUXINIA, AND EXTINCTION : GLOBAL REORGANIZATION ACROSS THE DEVONIAN-CARBONIFEROUS TRANSITION ». Dans GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-369335.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Euxinie"

Peter, J. M., M. G. Gadd, D. Layton-Matthews, S. E. Jackson, B. E. Taylor, W. D. Goodfellow, I. Jonasson et J. W. Lydon. Role of anoxia, euxinia and microbes in seafloor hydrothermal sulphide (VMS and SEDEX) deposit formation. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/299620.

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Cesar, J. R., et O. H. Ardakani. Organic geochemistry of the Montney Formation : new insights about the source of hydrocarbons, their accumulation history and post accumulation processes. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329788.

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This study consists of a non-traditional molecular and stable isotope approach to analyze organic matter (soluble bitumen and produced oil/condensate) from the Montney Formation low-permeability reservoirs, with the purpose of identifying source(s) of hydrocarbons, accumulation history and post accumulation processes. The same approach bases on the distribution of compound classes such as aromatic carotenoids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), bicyclic alkanes, and oxygen-polar compounds. The geochemical screening has been enhanced with performing compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of n-alkanes and selected aromatic hydrocarbons. Widely spread PAHs, the presence of molecular indicators of euxinia, and hydrocarbon mixtures identified using CSIA profiles, are some of the key findings from this research, which will improve our understanding of the Montney petroleum system(s).

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Magnall, J. M., R. Stern, S. A. Gleeson et S. Paradis. Widespread euxinic conditions are not a prerequisite for sediment-hosted base metal (Pb-Zn-Ba) mineralization at Macmillan Pass (YT). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/296330.

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Xu, Jie. Final Technical Report for "Building a Framework to Understand Transition Metals' Behavior in Euxinic Conditions" - the University of Texas at El Paso Section. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), septembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2204400.

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