Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Euroregione »

The article tests the hypothesis on the relation between the presence of a strong regionalist party in regions of the European Union, which are the parts of Euroregions, and the activity quality of these Euroregional unions. The paper also analyzes the role of other factors of Euroregions' cooperation such as the presence of governance institutions, the level of interpersonal trust, and perception of socio-economic differences between Euroregions' members. The theory is tested on data for 162 Euroregions of the European Union. The results show that the presence of a strong regionalists party at least in one region which is a part of the Euroregion significantly increases the odds of the latter being active. Another significant factor of the Euroregion's activity is the adoption of the status of the European group of territorial cooperation (EGTC). Moreover, the significant factor of the Euroregion’s activity is the number of members, which signed an agreement establishing a Euroregion. It is notable that a higher number of Euroregion's members increases the odds of it being active. At the same time, the level of interpersonal trust and perception of socio-economic differences among Euroregional members don't affect the diversity of Euroregional activity.

The study deals with the problems of Euroregions in the context of their multifunctionality. Multifunctionality is presented by analyzing the institutional structure and objectives pursued. The institutional structure presents the functions of individual Euroregional institutions and the importance of the Association of European Border Regions (AEBR) as the superior representation of Euroregions. Referring to the objectives, they are presented in the light of the theoretical assumptions adopted for this type of structure, emphasizing that in their implementation there is a “hidden” multifunctionality of the Euroregion. In addition, the implementation of the objectives was verified in practice on the example of direct empirical research carried out in selected Polish Euroregions just after their creation and from the perspective of them operating for several years. Positive opinions in this respect, which prevail as integration awareness and the maturation of the Euroregion increases, support the establishment of such structures and verify their importance for the activation of border areas.

Celem niniejszej publikacji jest zaprezentowanie roli ruchu turystycznego jako czynnika determinującego rozwój obszarów transgranicznych. W artykule podano przyczyny, podstawy i uwarunkowania rozwoju turystyki transgranicznej. Opisano genezę, przyczyny powstania i podstawy formalne funkcjonowania euroregionów, a także scharakteryzowano znaczenie turystyki w aktywizacji gospodarczej obszarów nadgranicznych. Artykuł zawiera również dane statystyczne i ich analizę w odniesieniu do zmian, które zaszły w ostatnich latach. Jako przykład dla rozważań wykorzystano Euroregion Niemen. Publikacja stanowi też próbę prognozy przyszłej sytuacji w dziedzinie turystyki transgranicznej i roli tego euroregionu w przyszłości. Literatura dotycząca omawianej tematyki jest dość bogata. Artykuł powstał przy wykorzystaniu materiałów książkowych i prasowych, a także ogólnodostępnych danych statystycznych i informacji netograficznych. Metodą badawczą zastosowaną w artykule stała się krytyka piśmiennicza literatury obejmującej poruszaną tematykę. Podejście badawcze uwzględnia dane ilościowe i jakościowe dotyczące turystyki w obszarach transgranicznych. Narzędzie badawcze stanowiła analiza danych statystycznych. Wyniki badań wyraźnie wskazują na znaczącą rolę turystyki w aktywizacji gospodarczej wszystkich krajów obszaru transgranicznego. Wnioski, które można wysnuć na ich podstawie, wyraźnie wskazują na celowość istnienia i funkcjonowania euroregionów na obszarze Europy, a w szczególności omawianego Euroregionu Niemen. Sam euroregion stanowi czynnik pobudzający i rozwijający aktywność turystyczną.

The main aim of this article is to present the concept of the Euroregion as a platform for cooperation in the area of social security. The issue itself needs to be constantly updated not only because of the constant challenges facing the European Union and other countries. The outlook character of the article presents a view on the importance of cooperation between self-government administration bodies and other subjects of economic life for the development of cooperation within the Euroregions. The article mainly focuses on the fight against often negative stereotypes and undertakings whose task is to increase the standard of economic life by increasing activities aimed at improving the quality of Euroregional cooperation. The Euroregion "Beskidy" was selected for the study, which is diverse in ethnic, sociological, historical, but also economic and social terms. Its unique features have allowed the authors to more clearly emphasize the message of the article. Tourism and its international, Euro-regional character is also an important element of cooperation. In order to carry out the research that resulted in this article, the methods of researching the sources sucked in in terms of critical analysis of literature were used, as well as juxtaposing them with the previously conducted research on Euroregions and safety by the authors. On the basis of the analysis, the article presents a significant contribution of social integration and cross-border cooperation to the development of the Euroregion as well as to the development of social security as a non-military part of the research topic. The creation of new types of innovative pro-social undertakings opens up the Euroregions, and thus the Member States to further internal integration and intensification of activities to strengthen socio-economic cooperation with neighbouring countries.

This paper presents cooperation across boundaries as co-operative measures, being goal-oriented to the economic, social, scientific, technical, environmental, cultural, and other relations, initiating and deepening among territorial communities, local authorities both in Ukraine and in Poland. The methodological basis of the study consists of the following approaches to the study of Euroregions: geographical, political, administrative, functional. Definitions of the Euroregion as the main form of cross-border cooperation have been determined, and institutions promoting cross-border cooperation between Ukraine and Poland have been studied. The institutional support for cross-border cooperation within the framework of the “Carpathian” and “Bug” Euroregions has been examined. Features of the Ukrainian-Polish Euroregions – “Carpathian” and “Bug” have been characterized. Problematic issues concerning the Euroregion cross-border cooperation support have been identified. Moreover, recommendations on improving the institutional component of the Ukrainian-Polish CBC within the “Carpathian” and the “Bug” Euroregions are given herein.

Despite decades of European financial stimulation for cross-border projects, the attention for cross-border cooperation (CBC) is still volatile. The focus on CBC has been fluctuating for decades, depending on political and economic trends among other aspects. Irrespective of that, it remains difficult to encourage citizens in the Dutch-German borderland to engage in cross-border working and living. Without commitment among citizens at grassroots level, CBC will primarily remain an enjoyable pastime for the euroregional elite. Based on scientific debates on border studies, this paper highlights CBC by reflecting on border-related policy. By way of illustration, this research will zoom in on the northern Meuse-Rhine Euroregion, one of the Dutch-German Euroregions. Based on some contemplations on Dutch-German cooperation in recent decades, this article concludes with some action-oriented principles for CBC which could contribute to strengthening its impact.

Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie kultury ekonomicznej Niemiec oraz obszarów dotychczasowej współpracy polsko-niemieckiej w Euroregionie Nysa. Do analizy wykorzystano studia dotyczące literatury przedmiotowej oraz dokumenty związane z powstaniem i funkcjonowaniem Euroregionu Nysa. Przedstawiono również wyniki badania ankietowego, przeprowadzonego przez autorkę w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach w polskiej i niemieckiej części Euroregionu Nysa, którego celem było zebranie opinii na temat stosunków polsko-niemieckich, znajomości Euroregionu Nysa, a także form współpracy polsko-niemieckiej.

Karpaty, ze swoją dziką przyrodą, oryginalną kulturą i ograniczoną infrastrukturą na pograniczu polsko-słowackim, należą do obszarów ciągle jeszcze egzotycznych. Z tego względu, Stowarzyszenie Euroregion Karpacki Polska opracowało projekt nowego produktu turystycznego EtnoCarpathia, który opiera się na potencjale kultury ludowej regionu. W ramach projektu ma być opracowana strategia siedmiu submarek etnograficznych wraz z koncepcją brandingową marki i produktu turystycznego. EtnoCarpathia odwołuje się do założeń istniejącej już marki Carpathia, wzorowanej na marce alpejskiej. Interesariuszami projektu są stowarzyszone w Euroregionie Karpackim jednostki samorządu terytorialnego, twórcy ludowi, rzemieślnicy, rękodzielnicy i ich stowarzyszenia, lokalne grupy działania, liderzy i opiniotwórczy mieszkańcy, rolnicy (producenci żywności regionalnej i lokalnej), przedsiębiorcy prowadzący działalność hotelarską, gastronomiczną oraz zarządzający atrakcjami turystycznymi. Artykuł prezentuje metodykę budowania marki EtnoCarpathia, zakres i przebieg prac oraz osiągnięte rezultaty. Autorzy zwracają uwagę na kontekst współpracy transgranicznej, wskazując na jej siły i słabości. W budowaniu strategii wykorzystano analizę desk research i metody marketingowe, takie jak benchmarking, analiza profili w mediach społecznościowych, analiza reakcji na zapytania, wywiady telefoniczne dotyczące współpracy, tajemniczy klient, wywiady IDI, wizja lokalna. Wnioski z procesu komunikowania się z interesariuszami pozwoliły przygotować rekomendacje dla euroregionu w zakresie zarządzania marką i włączania w ten proces mieszkańców obszaru.

Introduction. Euroregions with the participation of constituent entities of the Russian Federation have been actively created since 1998 and still remain a popular form of developing cross-border cooperation with neighboring countries. Cooperation in the format of Euroregions has been aimed at solving the socio-economic problems of the border regions. However, each individual project of a Euroregion has its specific features. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current state of cooperation in the format of Euroregions of the European and post-Soviet types, as well as the possibilities of extrapolating the experience of Euroregions with Russian participation. Materials and Methods. The available studies on Euroregions, as well as materials from the official website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation and those of the Euroregions, were used as materials for this research. The comparative analysis as well as SWOT analysis made it possible to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the European-type and post-Soviet-type models of Euroregions and formed the methodological basis of the study. Results. The author has analyzed all the main results of the activities of the Euroregions of the European and post-Soviet types. Conclusions regarding the strengths and weaknesses of each type of the Euroregions have been made. In order to consider the possibility of extrapolating the European experience in establishing Euroregions in the Eurasian space, the cases of two projects of Euroregions, ‘Our Common Home – Altai’ and ‘Transnistria’, have been studied. The conclusions were drawn regarding the interests of both the local authorities and the political elite of the federal center in the development of cross-border cooperation programs, which is an important factor in the successful functioning of the Euroregions with the participation of constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Discussion and Conclusion. Analysis of the current state of the Euroregions with Russian participation made it possible to conclude that the format of the Euroregion itself is an effective form of cross-border cooperation. Based on the analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the Euroregions, recommendations have been produced on organizing cross-border cooperation in the format of Euroregions in the Eurasian space, the most advantageous area for Russia; this can be of practical importance for strengthening bilateral international relations.

The article is devoted to the study of the role of euroregions and the specificity of the transborder and euroregional collaboration in the context of the functioning of the social space in Europe. The attention is paid to problems of the development of euroregions as the main component in the state’s support of the transborder collaboration.

Cross-border cooperation is an important instrument of European integration. The thesis deals with cross-border cooperation within euroregions, more precisely in the oldest Czech Euroregion Nisa. The objective of this thesis is to find asymmetries in the cooperation of the Czech part with the German and Polis hone, and how these asymmetries are reflected in realized projects. The thesis comes to a conclusion that the three parts of Euroregion Nisa are different when it comes to economic potential, and that the projects almost do not deal with the most pressing problems. Another conclusion is the existence of an asymmetry in cooperation, i.e. absence of common trilateral projects.

This dissertation focuses on cross-border cooperation and Euroregion Šumava. The euroregion was founded on the basiss of trilateral agreement of The Czech Republic, Austria and The Free State of Bavaria in 1993. The main aim of my work is to elaborate on the development of cross-border cooperation focusing on Euroregion Šumava, and also provide evaluation of the cooperation between the Euroregion and the Administration of the Šumava National Park and Reserve.

2006/2007
Il presente studio, svolto nell’ambito del Dottorato di Ricerca in Progettazione Architettonica e Urbana, è finalizzato ad indagare gli spazi della sperimentazione nella città e nel territorio contemporanei attraverso un approccio multidisciplinare, a diversi livelli e scale di approfondimento, al fine di suggerire risposte e sollecitazioni in termini progettuali. Sperimentare significa provare, tentare, sottoporre qualcosa a esperimento allo scopo di conoscerne e verificarne le caratteristiche, la funzionalità, le qualità. Nella scelta degli spazi da sottoporre a sperimentazione si è deciso di privilegiare esempi esistenti riconducibili ad una categoria generale, in modo da poter confrontare tra loro le soluzioni e le proposte progettuali adottate. Tali esempi sono stati distinti in due gruppi: - spazi che continuano ad assolvere alle funzioni per cui sono stati realizzati, in cui però entra in gioco una variabile, che ne comporta una trasformazione in termini relazionali, funzionali ed architettonici; - spazi che sono stati privati della funzione originaria, per cui sono stati costruiti, ed in cui la variazione di alcuni fattori del contesto rivela, nella forma architettonica e nella speciale localizzazione, nuove potenzialità e risorse. Oggetto della ricerca è il sistema ferroviario; ambito di studio è l’area di Trieste, considerata punto di arrivo e di partenza, ma anche come territorio attraversato da linee ferroviarie. Dopo aver approfondito e confrontato alcune esperienze nazionali ed europee di «sperimentazione» sul sistema ferroviario, è stato preso in considerazione il caso di Trieste, che rappresenta un campo di studio particolarmente interessante per la compresenza di varie situazioni. Sono infatti attuali e accese le discussioni in merito alla definizione, sul territorio della Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia, del tracciato dell’alta velocità/alta capacità, il cosiddetto corridoio paneuropeo V, che collegherà Lisbona e Kiev. Nella Stazione Centrale di Trieste, sono in corso gli interventi di rifunzionalizzazione, programmati anche per altre centotre stazioni nel territorio nazionale, dal gruppo Centostazioni S.p.A.. Sta per essere ultimato il recupero del sedime ferroviario dismesso nella Val Rosandra per la sua riconversione a itinerario ciclabile di interesse regionale; alcune tratte dismesse sono saltuariamente percorse da treni turistici, per iniziativa di associazioni di volontari; e ciclicamente si legge, sul quotidiano locale, l’ipotesi, promossa da enti ogni volta diversi, di recuperare alcuni sedimi dismessi per realizzare una linea di metropolitana leggera. L’obiettivo della ricerca è quello di contribuire ad un governo del territorio che sia in grado di prescindere dai confini delle competenze amministrative per progettare strategicamente, in modo agile, dinamico, attento alle mutevoli sollecitazioni esterne, ed in grado di valorizzare a pieno e durevolmente le potenzialità del sistema ferroviario nel suo complesso, senza fare del commercio l’unico motore e regolatore dei processi di sviluppo. I binari, come le mura antiche della città, rappresentano un limite, un confine. Le recenti soluzioni progettuali, che prevedono in alcuni casi l’interramento dei binari ed in altri la dismissione del servizio di trasporto, restituiscono alla città nuovi spazi. Come le superfici rimaste libere in seguito alla demolizione delle mura, nell’Ottocento, così, oggi, gli spazi un tempo occupati dall’infrastruttura, rappresentano una risorsa preziosa per la collettività, che merita di essere progettata seriamente, e non saturata o frammentata indiscriminatamente. Nella prima parte della tesi il sistema ferroviario esistente viene scomposto negli elementi che lo costituiscono e ne vengono studiate, attraverso alcuni approfondimenti, le soluzioni progettuali. Ci si interroga, infine, se il sistema ferroviario possa essere considerato patrimonio culturale. Solamente se esso è inteso come «patrimonio dell’eredità culturale dei luoghi» può essere riconosciuto e condiviso il suo valore aggiunto e il suo ruolo nei processi di pianificazione e governo del territorio. Per la seconda parte dello studio sono stati necessari sopralluoghi e ricerche di archivio al fine di ricostruire la storia e la configurazione del patrimonio ferroviario di Trieste. Attraverso la forma dell’osservatorio territoriale del sistema ferroviario sono stati presentati gli interventi in corso a livello europeo, nazionale e regionale che interessano l’area di studio. Sono state quindi prese come riferimento tre linee, considerate rappresentative, ed è stata indagata la loro potenzialità nella trasformazione della città e del territorio. A conclusione del percorso di ricerca, viene presentata un’applicazione informatica, semplificata a livello dimostrativo, come possibile strumento di sperimentazione delle caratteristiche e delle potenzialità del patrimonio ferroviario triestino. Essa tiene conto dei vari livelli di intervento, dalla scala europea a quella locale e presenta le tre linee oggetto di studio. L’applicazione propone una struttura che è possibile in futuro ampliare ed arricchire con maggiori dettagli oltre a quelli presenti, oggi limitati alla denominazione, localizzazione, uso e proprietà delle linee e delle stazioni. Lo scopo è promuovere l’uso creativo delle risorse. L’infrastruttura ferroviaria viene considerata come patrimonio da immettere nel campo delle opportunità. A tal fine vengono individuati principalmente due tipi di interventi: la riconversione dei manufatti ferroviari e il recupero del rapporto tra il manufatto ferroviario e il contesto. Lo studio intende sensibilizzare gli enti sulle vaste potenzialità dell’infrastruttura ferroviaria e promuoverne la conservazione, come bene pubblico da valorizzare. L’aspetto della comunicazione e della trasparenza delle informazioni, è ritenuto fondamentale per il coinvolgimento di possibili attori nel processo di conoscenza, partecipazione e gestione del patrimonio.
XIX Ciclo
1977

Diplomová práce popisuje socio-ekonomickou situaci, přírodní a kulturně-historický potenciál v Ústeckém kraji a Svobodném státě Sasko. Dále se zabývá přeshraniční spoluprácí v oblasti poznávacího cestovního ruchu v Euroregionu Krušnohoří a Labe. Na základě uvedeného je vypracována SWOT analýza a následně navržena strategie rozvoje cestovního ruchu v regionu.

Work will focus on the comparison of the relations within the Czech-Polish and Czech-Austrian borders. Research of the views on individual operational programs is based on a questionnaire survey among representatives of the Euroregion, members of the Euroregions and existing applicants in the operational programs of cross-border cooperation. The work includes a summary of projects submitted in the new programming period 2007 - 2013. In addition to comparing the views of individual actors in cooperative work, it focuses on the general comparison of the Czech-Austrian and Czech-Polish border cooperation. The theme is the history of cooperation between border regions in Western Europe and its enlargement, promotion of the cross-border structures by the European Union, the beginnings of cooperation in the Czech Republic and a brief history of borderlands. Given that the work deals with the comparison in terms of Euroregions, part is also paid to individual euroregions in the Czech Republic.

Euroregionen wird in Europa ein gewichtiger Beitrag zum länderübergreifenden Zusammenwachsen europäischer Grenzregionen beigemessen. Im internationalen Wettbewerb um fortschreitende wirtschaftliche Entwicklung, liefert Regionalmarketing einen Ansatz, um sich von anderen Regionen abzuheben und eigenständige regionale Wertschöpfungskreisläufe zu etablieren. Die vorliegende Arbeit setzt sich mit den Erfolgsfaktoren und Problemfeldern von Regionalmarketing und regionalen Marketinginitiativen in Euroregionen in Deutschland und Polen auseinander. Im Zuge der Forschung wird als Fallbeispiel die Euroregion Spree-Neiße-Bober mit ihren deutschen und polnischen (Teil-) Märkten betrachtet. Im Einzelnen gliedern sich die Kapitel wie folgt: Das erste Kapitel widmet sich den Euroregionen. Sodann wird die Untersuchungsregion, die Euroregion Spree-Neiße-Bober, mit ihren deutschen und polnischen Teilregionen vorgestellt und der Forschungsstand im Forschungsgebiet des Regionalmarketings präsentiert. Im folgenden Kapitel wird die Transaktionskostentheorie als ökonomischer Ansatz der neuen Institutionenökonomik dargestellt. Darauf basierend wird das analytische Modell der Arbeit abgeleitet und die Untersuchungsmethodik vorgestellt. Sodann werden in Kapitel 7 und 8 die Forschungsergebnisse auf der Basis der Produzenten, Dienstleister-, Einzelhandels- und Händlerbefragung erläutert. In Kapitel 9 werden die Forschungsergebnisse für die gesamte Euroregion Spree-Neiße-Bober synthetisiert, neue wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse präsentiert und Empfehlungen für vertiefende Forschungsarbeiten gegeben. Die Arbeit schließt mit Handlungsempfehlungen und der Skizzierung der Entwicklungsperspektiven für grenzüberschreitende Marketinginitiativen ab.
A weighty contribution to the cross-border integration of European border regions is measured in so called „Euroregions“ in Europe. In the international competition for progressive economic development, regional marketing provides an approach to differentiate themselves from other regions and to establish independent regional value creation cycles. The present work deals with the success factors and challenges of regional marketing and regional marketing initiatives in Euroregions in Germany and Poland. In the context of research a case study is undertaken in the Spree-Neiße-Bober Euroregion paying tribute to its different German and Polish (partial) markets. In particular, the chapters are divided as follows: the first chapter is devoted to European cross-border and Euroregions. Then, the study region, the Spree-Neiße-Bober Euroregion is introduced and the present state of research in the field of regional marketing displayed. The following chapter describes the transaction costs theory before the analytic model is derived and the investigation methodology introduced. In chapter 7 and 8 the research results show the effects of regional marketing on producers, service providers, food manufacturers and traders in Germany and Poland. In the final chapter 9 the results of the research are synthesised, new scientific knowledge is presented and recommendations is given for deepening research projects. The work concludes with action recommendations and the sketching of the developing perspectives for international marketing initiatives.

The diploma thesis describes cross border cooperation. For better understanding, Euroregion Těšínské Slezsko is used as an example. The aim of diploma thesis is describe the importance of cross border cooperation and how the borders regions try to eliminate negatives like unemployment, bad infrastructure, distance from the capitol of the country, and emigration to other regions. Euroregion is the contract which helped czech and polish sites cooperate more easily. Czechs and Poles cooperate especially in project selection and realisation. The Euroregion has a lot of positives, but I found one area where the euroregion could improve. There isn't enough cooperation between czech and polish schools.

Práce se zamýšlí nad významem a důvody vzniku euroreginů.Zabývá se otázkou institucionálního a organizačního zajištění, podrobněji rozebírá finanční stránku rozvoje euroregionů, důležitou otázkou je i postavení euroregionů v rámci legislativy a na co se zaměřují jeho činnosti. Další z otázek, kterou se práce zabývá, je funkce euroregionů a jakým způsobem přispívají k eliminaci disparit vzniklých periferní polohou a jak posilují vzájemné vazby v příhraničních regionech.

Tato diplomová práce podává ucelený přehled o česko-polské přeshraniční spolupráci na příkladu Euroregionu Glacensis. Součástí práce je nezbytné teoretické vymezení euroregionů a dalších přeshraničních struktur, vymezení jejich cílů a principů fungování, legislativní úprava a institucionální zabezpečení. Cílem práce je potvrdit význam a přínos přeshraniční spolupráce v procesu evropské integrace a zhodnotit do jaké míry tyto aktivity naplňují cíle vymezené ve strategii rozvoje ERG. Použitím metody komparace jsou zhodnoceny a srovnány programy, jejichž podpora je pro realizaci těchto rozvojových aktivit nezbytná. Pozornost je věnována předvstupním fondům Phare CREDO a Phare CBC, Iniciativě Společenství INTERREG IIIA a Novému operačnímu programu. Prostřednictvím dotazníkového šetření je zhodnocena informovanost studentů o existenci a aktivitách ERG. Výsledky šetření ukazují rovněž na vztah respondentů k obcím, ve kterých žijí a na jejich vztah k Polské republice.

Aquesta tesi doctoral presenta una proposta teòrica i metodològica així com coherent i innovadora per al desenvolupament de noves iniciatives Euroregionals de Cooperació Transfronterera (CTF) dins dels territoris de la Unió Europea (UE). A més del necessari marc teòric, la tesi presenta un cas d’estudi concret basat en la regió transfronterera marítima de les illes europees de Sicília i Malta. La recerca s’alimenta d’un ampli coneixement desenvolupat en els camps de la cooperació territorial tant en el món acadèmic (integrant aportacions de diferents disciplines, abans de res de la geografia i de la ciència política) com en el sector de las polítiques institucionals que es desenvolupen endins de la UE (instrument INTERREG), específicament a través de l’actual objectiu de la política de Cooperació Territorial Europea. La tesi proposa per tant l’aportació d’un model teòric per a analitzar les característiques de les Euroregions com a estructures polítiques de cooperació permanent i que l’ús d’elles està generalment estès en moltes fronteres internes de la UE. En aquest sentit, el treball d’anàlisi i classificació ha estat imprescindible de l’anterior elaboració de bases de dades de casos Euroregionals excel•lents dins del projecte de I+D COOP-RECOT II. Una important finalitat derivada del model ha estat la seva explotació com a eina inicial per al disseny preliminar de nou projectes Euroregionals en territoris que encara no presenten institucionalització política transfronterera més enllà dels programes tècnics INTERREG garantits per la UE (aquest territoris són denominats en la tesi com “proto-euroregionals”). En tot cas, el model sosté la idea que les escales territorial tenen una notable correspondència amb el tipus de CTF practicada i en menor mesura amb les estructures de governança Euroregionals existents en un determinat territori. A més, les hipòtesis generades pel model es reforcen quan s’introdueixen les característiques territorial de les àrees fronterers, com en el cas d’estudi principal a través de les àrees marítimes. D’això es desprèn una tercera aportació derivada de l’observació de la CTF en contextos marítims, i que revela que les fronteres marítimes entre dos territoris de la UE necessiten una governança particular, ja que la distància i la barrera marítima produeixen problemàtiques diferents a l’hora d’executar projectes de cooperació. Això es reflecteix principalment en l’adaptació de necessàries estructures multinivell per a involucrar diferents actors amb diferents competències de cara a projectes conjunts. Per a aconseguir una estructura Euroregional d’alta utilitat i realment ajustada segons els processos existents de CTF, la tesi proposa com a quarta aportació la construcció d’un marc metodològic basat en la interpretació de la teoria dels SAF (Strategic Action Fields) i en l’adaptació d’enfocaments geo-històrics de la Longue Durée (Braudel). Això permet obtenir una anàlisi multisectorial (punts de contacte i diferències entre els territoris d’una regió transfronterera) que evidencien també les relacions de poder i els fluxos transfronterers en acte entre els components. Finalment, tot l’anterior es veu explotat en l’anàlisi multisectorial de la regió transfronterera marítima Sicília-Malta per a la producció d’un llistat de suggeriments derivats dels objectius anteriors i incloent consideracions per a l’elaboració d’una estratègia Euroregional entre les dues illes. En última instància, cal recordar que aquesta recerca contribueix a demostrar la possibilitat d’elaboració d’una proposta metodològica per a la planificació de noves Euroregions basada sobre teories interdisciplinàries i estudis empírics preexistents. La molt activa presència d’aquestes a les fronteres internes de la UE, al costat del desig de cooperació pacífica i desenvolupament conjunt en el marc de la Integració Europea, ens conviden a la producció de noves eines teòriques per a donar suport al desenvolupament de projectes Euroregionals.
Esta tesis doctoral presenta una propuesta teórica y metodológica, coherente e innovadora para el desarrollo de nuevas iniciativas Euroregionales de Cooperación Transfronteriza (CTF) dentro de los territorios de la Unión Europea (UE). Además del necesario marco teórico, la tesis presenta un caso de estudio concreto basado en la región transfronteriza marítima de las islas europeas de Sicilia y Malta. La investigación se alimenta de un amplio conocimiento desarrollado en los campos de la cooperación territorial tanto en el mundo académico (integrando aportaciones de diferentes disciplinas, ante todo de la geografía y de la ciencia política) como en el sector de las políticas institucionales que se desarrollan adentro de la UE (instrumento INTERREG), específicamente a través del actual objetivo de la política de Cooperación Territorial Europea. La tesis propone por lo tanto la aportación de un modelo teórico para analizar las características de las Euroregiones en cuanto estructuras políticas de cooperación permanente y cuyo uso está generalmente extendido en muchas fronteras internas de la Unión. En este sentido, el trabajo de análisis y clasificación ha sido imprescindible de la anterior elaboración de bases de datos de casos euroregionales excelentes dentro del proyecto de I+D COOP-RECOT II. Una importante finalidad derivada del modelo ha sido su explotación como herramienta inicial para el diseño preliminar de nuevo proyectos Euroregionales en territorios que aún no presentan institucionalización política transfronteriza más allá de los programas técnicos INTERREG garantizados por la UE (dichos territorios son denominados en la tesis como ‘proto-euroregionales’). En todo caso, el modelo sostiene la idea que las escalas territoriales tienen una notable correspondencia con el tipo de CTF practicada y en menor mesura con las estructuras de gobernanza euroregionales existentes en un determinado territorio. Además, las hipótesis generadas por el modelo se refuerzan cuando se introducen las características territoriales de las áreas fronterizas, como en el caso de estudio principal a través de las áreas marítimas. De ello se desprende una tercera aportación derivada de la observación de la CTF en contextos marítimos, y que revela que las fronteras marítimas entre dos territorios de la UE necesitan una gobernanza particular, ya que la distancia y la barrera marítima producen problemáticas distintas a la hora de ejecutar proyectos de cooperación. Ello se refleja principalmente en la adaptación de necesarias estructuras multinivel para involucrar distintos actores con diferentes competencias de cara a proyectos conjuntos. Para conseguir una estructura Euroregional de alta utilidad y realmente ajustada según los procesos existentes de CTF, la tesis propone como cuarta aportación la construcción de un marco metodológico basado en la interpretación de la teoría de los SAF (Strategic Action Fields) y en la adaptación de enfoques geo-históricos de la Longue Durée (Braudel). Ello permite obtener un análisis multisectorial (puntos de contacto y diferencias entre los territorios de una región transfronteriza) que evidencian también las relaciones de poder y los flujos transfronterizos en acto entre los componentes. Finalmente, todo lo anterior se ve explotado en el análisis multisectorial de la región transfronteriza marítima Sicilia-Malta para la producción de un listado de sugerencias derivados de los objetivos anteriores e incluyentes consideraciones para la elaboración de una estrategia Euroregional entre las dos islas. En última instancia, cabe recordar que esta investigación contribuye a demonstrar la posibilidad de elaboración de una propuesta metodológica para la planificación de nuevas Euroregiones basada sobre teorías interdisciplinares y estudios empíricos preexistentes. La muy activa presencia de éstas en las fronteras internas de la UE, junto al deseo de cooperación pacífica y desarrollo conjunto en el marco de la Integración Europea, nos invitan a la producción de nuevas herramientas teóricas para apoyar el desarrollo de proyectos Euroregionales.
This doctoral thesis presents a coherent and innovative theory-based methodology for the development of new Cross-border Cooperation’s (CBC) Euroregional organizations within the territories of the European Union (EU). In addition to the necessary theoretical framework, the dissertation exploits as case-study the maritime cross-border region between the European islands of Sicily and Malta. The research feeds on a broad knowledge developed in the fields of territorial cooperation both in the academic world (integrating contributions from different disciplines, above all geography and political science) and in the sector of EU institutional policies (INTERREG instrument), specifically through the current objective of the European Territorial Cooperation policy. The dissertation therefore proposes a theoretical model for analyzing the features of Euroregions as permanent and political cooperation structures generally employed in multiple internal borders of the EU. In this regard, the work of analysis and classification was based upon previous databases including excellent Euroregional cases (R&D project COOP-RECOT II). An important purpose derived from the model has been its exploitation as a tool for the preliminary design of new Euroregional organizations. Particular attention was given to territories that do not (yet) present cross-border institutionalization beyond the INTERREG programmes sponsored by the EU (such cross-border regions are defined in the dissertation as "proto-euroregional" territories). In any case, the model holds to the principle that territorial scale has an important correspondence to the type of CBC enacted through the border. At the same time, it exerts an influence over the governance structures existing in a determined region. In addition, this hypothesis is reinforced by introducing the territorial features derived from the geographical border typology. An evident example of this has been shown in the case-study area affected by a maritime context. In relation to this argument, the third contribution of the dissertation derives from the observation of CBC in maritime contexts. This has revealed that maritime border areas between two (or more) EU territories require specific types of governance due to different issues affecting the CBC projects’ execution. Accordingly, these obstacles can be reduced by employing multilevel governance structures and involving actors with territorial competences capable to enact at cross-sea level. To accomplish the creation of a useful Euroregional organization which is genuinely adjusted to the needs of the territory, the dissertation proposes as fourth contribution two further methods based on the interpretation of SAF theory (Strategic Action Fields) and on the adaptation of geo-historical approaches from the Longue Durée (Braudel). This was instrumental in obtaining a multisectoral analysis (commonalities and differences in the CBR) stressing the accent on the power relations and the cross-border flows and issues between the two parts. At the same time, the construction of the methodology has been instrumental in its application to the case-study area. Indeed, it has been exploited in the Sicilian-Maltese case as to provide a list of suggestions derived from theoretical results. These constitute broad indications which may lead to the creation of a Euroregional strategy between the two islands. Lastly, this research demonstrates that it is possible to employ existing academic theories and empirical studies for the consolidation of a theory-based instrument in the design of new Euroregional organizations. Their active presence along the internal borders of the EU, coupled with the desire for peaceful cooperation and joint development within the framework of European Integration, invite us to produce new theoretical tools to support the development of Euroregional initiatives.

The paper entitled "Running OER Courses by Euroregion Siret-Prut-Nistru using moodle platform" is devoted to E-learning as a Regional Policy Tool. This paper tries to relate the innovative capacity of e-learning to Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Regional Development Policies, and to identify and specify e-learning innovations that are directly relevant to the needs of rural SMEs and micro-businesses within the EU. This requires linking various different European policy arenas - Common Agricultural Policy, Information Society, Business polices, Educational Policy as well as Social and Regional policies - and research areas like e-learning, rural studies or small business research. E-learning providers are also confronted with considerable costs that impede the adaption process, such as: o Costs of producing software, multimedia content and managing learning platforms are substantial. A major issue is the often-limited recyclability of learning objects and learning scenarios; then if learner groups are small, return on investment may be insufficient. o Training of trainers: e-learning requires special pedagogical and technical skills (see the following section). Efficiency: Getting costs down is fundamental. Innovative e-learning includes new approaches to recycling content (content sharing) and learning scenarios. Modern computers are generally over-specified for the needs of most elearning applications. Servers do not require high performance machines. Many countries have schemes where older computers are recycled from industry and commerce to education (ATTWELL, 2004). One possible answer for access to hardware, which some interest, is the possible use of handheld devices, palmtop computers, PDAs and mobile telephones. Whilst many are sceptical due to the small screen size, other researchers have pointed to the intensive use of mobile telephones by young people for a wide range of applications (ibid). Open source software may be a further option. o Institutionalisation: Institutionalisation of e-learning is crucial. Integration into existing learning arrangements and the development of new institutional structures may both innovate ways to explore the potentials of e-learning. o Quality Management and Evaluation: Meeting user demands and offering quality is fundamental. Thus, innovative e-learning is about the development of quality standards, quality management and continuous evaluation.

В статье рассматриваются особенности эволюции старопромышленных регионов Европы Саара, Люксембурга и Лотарингии, которые в настоящее время образуют единый еврорегион Саар Лор Люкс. Анализируются исторические процессы индустриализации, нео и постиндустриализации Саара, Люксембурга и Лотарингии как этапы единой технологической эволюции региональной экономики. Оценивается современная социальноэкономическая ситуация. The article examines the evolution of the old industrial regions of Europe Saarland, Luxembourg and Lorraine, which now form a single Euroregion Saar Lor Lux. The historical processes of industrialization, neoand postindustrialization of the Saar, Luxembourg and Lorraine are analyzed as stages of a single technological evolution of the regional economy.

In order for regions today to be globally competitive, their smart specialization strategies cannot be created by an approach limited to one particular region only. The grouping of objectives emphasizes the need to create greater external dynamism by coordinating and maximizing synergies with policy initiatives, instruments and infrastructures in other regions. In this regard, trans-regional cooperation is a central aspect and a challenge of «Smart specialization», especially for neighboring regions with a cross-border dimension. EU best practice shows that cross-border Smart Specialisation Strategies (RIS3T) are singular in the practice of the cross-border RIS approach in the EU. The examples of innovative crossborder cooperation between Portugal and Spain, Germany and France, show that the main objective of this approach is to generate economic knowledge, quality employment through localised smart infrastructure and social well-being by jointly promoting strengths and common challenges. Thus, the Cross-Border − RIS3 aims to enhance the Euroregion's participation in European tenders for inter-territorial cooperation and provides a framework for launching coordinated actions and projects capable of competing with great success in attracting funding within Horizon Europe. The development of such a strategy should be agreed and coordinated on both sides of the border − innovation organisations, clusters, universities and representatives of the European Commission's Joint Research Centre Smart Specialisation team.