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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « European Union – European Commission »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "European Union – European Commission"

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Fazil qızı Bayramova, Günel. « MONEY LAUNDERING PROCESS IN EUROPEAN UNION ». SCIENTIFIC WORK 65, n^o 04 (23 avril 2021) : 401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/65/401-404.

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It is no secret today that money laundering process continues in the world. We can find different cases about money laundering process in practice. To struggle with money laundering is the most important activity of European Union Member States. The specific crime of money-laundering is among the priority areas identified in the Action Plan and data has been collected by Eurostat from the Member States in several stages, followed each time by a careful analysis of the figures received and subsequent adjustment of the methodology. The contribution to this process of the Commission's Directorate-General for Home Affairs is gratefully acknowledged. The fight against money laundering is one of the European Commission’s strategic priorities. Today the Commission also publishes a report which will support Member State authorities in better addressing money laundering risks in practice. Because of struggle money laundering, European Union legislation development is very important. Key words: economic crime, anti-money laundering, stage, process, directive

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Oktay Huseynova, Gunel. « AVIATION SECURITY IN EUROPEAN UNION. EUROPEAN AVIATION SAFETY AGENCY ». SCIENTIFIC WORK 65, n^o 04 (23 avril 2021) : 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/65/297-300.

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Faced with a massive increase in air traffic resulting from the successful implementation of the single aviation market, the European Union ensures that all European citizens can enjoy the high level of safety in the sky. The European Commission developed a set of basic civil aviation security standards with the Regulation (EC) No 2320/2002, establishing common rules in the field of civil aviation security which was adopted on 16th December 2002 by the European Parliament. In 2008, Regulation (EC) No 300/2008 repealed this Regulation and introduced a series of new measures aimed to improve, streamline and simplify existing procedures. In 2002, the Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 was the founding document of a new entity, the European Aviation Safety Agency. Areas of activity were Certification and Maintenance of aircraft. On 18 March the new Regulation (EC) No 216/2008, repealing the original Basic Regulation was published and applicable from 08 April on. By virtue of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008, the EU extended the common aviation safety rules and the corresponding responsibilities of EASA to aircraft operations and aircrew licensing and training. Key words: aviation, security, European Aviation Safety Agency, Joint Aviation Authorities, Joint Aviation Requirements

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Şanta, Ana-Maria Iulia. « The energy union - Perspectives for consolidating the European Union through a common energy market ». Management & ; Marketing. Challenges for the Knowledge Society 14, n^o 2 (1 juin 2019) : 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mmcks-2019-0016.

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Abstract The European Union develops a new energy policy as an answer to the challenges of climate change which is a global issue affecting all of us. The package “Clean Energy for All Europeans” adopted by the European Commission in 2016, contains instruments for a new energy policy at the level of the European Union, based on an Energy Union, on promoting energy efficiency and the use of Clean Energy. These are the first steps in creating an institutional and legal framework for a common energy market of the European Union. This way the Internal Market of the European Union would be completed by a common energy market and the result would be a consolidated European Union. This is the research hypothesis the present paper is dealing with. It analyzes as well the impact of the new energy policies on the business environment in terms of new innovative business models at European Union level. The research is based on an interdisciplinary approach considering aspects of European policy, European law, business and economics. Qualitative research methods, such as the analysis of European regulations and provisions representing the basis for a harmonized framework in the energy sector at European Union level and case studies from European Union Member States will be applied. Relevant indicators provided by the European Commission and by Eurostat statistics analyzed in the present paper will complete this assessment.

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Şanta, Ana-Maria Iulia. « The energy union – a new step towards sustainability by promoting clean energy ». Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 12, n^o 1 (1 mai 2018) : 896–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2018-0080.

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Abstract The Energy Union is an important issue on the agenda of the European Commission, which is addressed in the package “Clean Energy for All Europeans”, adopted by the European Commission in November 2016. The present paper deals with the role of the Energy Union in ensuring an optimal framework for a common energy market at the level of the European Union, aimed for the benefit of the consumers in the European Union and of a modern and functional business environment. Which perspectives opens this possible win-win situation is a topic to be analyzed in the present article. The Energy Union is a stronger form of integration within the European Union, related to the internal market of the European Union, which brings more than harmonization of standards and mutual recognition: it brings a common policy and shared values. The goal of this project is to ensure consumer protection through common rules and harmonization, which is a trend at the level of the European Union occurring in various fields of activity and business sectors, such as the Energy Union, the Banking Union, data protection and the competition framework. The main focus on the consumer is new, compared to former attempts of harmonization in specific fields. The challenge rising from this project is to achieve a union in a strategic sector, such as energy. Possible aspects that could hamper the building of the union will be analyzed, for example the fact that some member states of the European Union still rely on fossil fuels, such as the coal industry. The switch to renewable energy sources is related to high costs, as well as to social turbulences on the labour market, that have to be taken into consideration. When drafting measures for the Energy Union, the effects on climate change as well as socio-economic parameters have to be weighed, in order to find the proper balance. It is therefore important to draft appropriate measures ensuring a smooth transition from fossil fuels to Clean Energy. The present paper focuses on these measures proposed by the European Commission. The key elements of the Energy Union will be analyzed in the measures drafted by the European Commission in the package “Clean Energy for All Europeans”. Case studies will illustrate the debated aspects and will provide best practice guidelines as a result. An interdisciplinary approach will be used in the present paper, combining economic and legal issues in a comparative manner.

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Basedow, J. Robert. « The Achmea Judgment and the Applicability of the Energy Charter Treaty in Intra-EU Investment Arbitration ». Journal of International Economic Law 23, n^o 1 (31 janvier 2020) : 271–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgz025.

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Abstract The Energy Charter Treaty is the most frequently used investment treaty worldwide to launch investment arbitration against host states. The vast majority of disputes is of intra-European Union nature in that they involve an EU investor as claimant and an European Union member state as respondent. The recent Achmea judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union may thus have ramifications for the Energy Charter Treaty. The judgment has triggered a heated legal and political debate within the European Union over the future of intra-European Union investment arbitration. In the context of this debate, the European Commission claimed that the application of the Energy Charter Treaty in intra-European Union investment disputes is based on an incorrect interpretation of this treaty. This article critically assesses the Commission’s statement by evaluating the travaux préparatoires of the Energy Charter Treaty as a supplementary means of interpretation. It finds that the European Union member states and the European Commission in all likelihood opted for a mixed ratification for legal reasons rather than to ensure its intra-European Union applicability. Indeed, the EU initially pushed for a disconnection clause to prevent the application of the Energy Charter Treaty in intra-European Union relations but dropped this request during the negotiations. At least from a historical perspective then, the Commission’s claim that the Energy Charter Treaty is not meant to apply in intra-European Union relations is inaccurate in that the European Union consciously accepted this possibility.

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Malone, Margaret Mary. « European Union, 2017 ». Administration 66, n^o 1 (1 février 2018) : 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/admin-2018-0008.

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Abstract The year 2017 was eventful for the EU and its member states. Given the widespread Euroscepticism and populism which appeared to be on the rise last year, election results in the Netherlands, France and Germany were greeted with relief and hope for the future. The EU was in an optimistic mood. European Commission President Jean- Claude Juncker used his State of the European Union speech in September to note that the EU had the ‘wind in its sails’ (Juncker, 2017). At the same time, he cautioned that the fair weather conditions would not last long - there was no room for complacency. The EU had to act to protect, empower and defend its citizens. The EU moved forward on a number of policy fronts in the wake of the Brexit vote and also concluded high-profile international trade deals in an effort to fill the vacuum left by the protectionist policies of the Trump administration.

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Pawlak, Mateusz. « The European Union governance – the independence of the European Commission ». Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie 17, n^o 1 (31 décembre 2012) : 140–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ksm201210.

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Şanta, Ana-Maria Iulia. « The common energy market of the European Union – utopia or reality ? » Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 11, n^o 1 (1 juillet 2017) : 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/picbe-2017-0010.

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Abstract The European Commission has the initiative to foster the sector of renewable energy and to build an Energy Union, with a common energy market at the level of the European Union, but is this only an utopic vision or is this possible to achieve? The topic of clean energy is very new and of great interest for the European Union, which is shown by the fact that the European Commission recently adopted on the 30th November 2016 the package “Clean Energy for All Europeans”, which contains proposals for the modernization of the energy market at the level of the European Union. But which are the challenges such a project is confronted with? According to the literature, such challenges are related to the process of liberalization of electricity markets. Conflicts between national interest and international actors of the energy market might occur. Due to the oligopolistic structure of the energy market, there are several barriers to the market entry. In order to answer to the research questions, case studies regarding the liberalization of the energy market will be analyzed in a comparative manner, offering an international overview. Furthermore, the legal provisions on which the common energy policy of the European Union relies, will be analyzed, as well as their economic and social impact. The package “Clean Energy for All Europeans” comprises a proposal of the revised Renewable energy Directive, energy efficiency measures and issues related to the Energy Union Governance. It contains as well proposals for the electricity market design, which will be analyzed and the present paper outlines the contribution of this proposal in building a common energy market of the European Union. What role does competition play in implementing the common energy market of the European Union? Which role do competition authorities have in this context? These are interesting aspects to be analyzed in the present paper.

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Şanta, Ana-Maria Iulia. « The Common Energy Market of the European Union–Challenges and Perspectives ». Management & ; Marketing 12, n^o 2 (1 juin 2017) : 334–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mmcks-2017-0020.

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Abstract The European Commission has the initiative to foster the sector of renewable energy and to build an Energy Union, with a common energy market at the level of the European Union, but is this only a utopic vision or is this possible to achieve? The topic of clean energy is very new and of great interest for the European Union, which is shown by the fact that the European Commission recently adopted on the 30th November 2016 the package “Clean Energy for All Europeans”, which contains proposals for the modernization of the energy market at the level of the European Union. But which are the challenges such a project is confronted with? According to the literature, such challenges are related to the process of liberalization of electricity markets. Conflicts between national interest and international actors of the energy market might occur. Due to the oligopolistic structure of the energy market, there are several barriers to the market entry. In order to answer to the research questions, case studies regarding the liberalization of the energy market will be analyzed in a comparative manner, offering an international overview. Furthermore, the legal provisions on which the common energy policy of the European Union relies, will be analyzed, as well as their economic and social impact. The package “Clean Energy for All Europeans” comprises a proposal of the revised Renewable energy Directive, energy efficiency measures and issues related to the Energy Union Governance. It contains as well proposals for the electricity market design, which will be analyzed and the present paper outlines the contribution of this proposal in building a common energy market of the European Union. What role does competition play in implementing the common energy market of the European Union? Which role do competition authorities have in this context? These are interesting aspects to be analyzed in the present paper.

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van Ommeren, Emile, Arlo Poletti et Dirk De Bièvre. « The European Union and the political economy of enforcing international trade rules ». European Union Politics 22, n^o 3 (24 mars 2021) : 377–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14651165211001514.

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The European Commission keeps track of foreign trade barriers through its Market Access Strategy. In this study, we examine some of the key political-economic conditions under which the European Union decides whether and how to address these trade issues. Drawing on an original dataset of (allegedly) illegal foreign trade barriers faced by European Union businesses, we show that industries dominated by a few large companies are more successful in gaining the support of the Commission to challenge these foreign trade barriers. Moreover, we find that the European Commission’s strategy depends on the economic power relationship with the trading partner: the European Union privileges negotiations when seeking to enforce international trade rules against economically weaker states, while it prefers to use litigation against stronger trading partners.

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Thèses sur le sujet "European Union – European Commission"

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Jones, Peter D. « The European Commission and Education Policy in the European Union ». Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505797.

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Neyer, Anne-Katrin. « Multinational Teams in the European Commission and the European Parliament / ». Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/503788236.pdf.

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Theiler, Tobias. « The identity policies of the European Union ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365518.

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Hansen, Peo. « Europeans only ? : essays on identity politics and the European Union ». Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-60606.

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The chief preoccupation of the dissertation revolves around the European Union's project of calling forth a collective sense of "European identity" amongst people in the Union. It focuses specifically on how the European Union's identity politics plays out once the ethnic minorities with immigrant background now living in the Union are brought into view. The main purpose can be described as twofold; involving, firstly, a mapping and examination of how the EU construes and defines the identity it seeks to mobilize, and, secondly, a thorough discussion of the types of consequences or implications that stem from this endeavour. In demonstrating the strong tendency on part of the EU to articulate a common identity for the Union in ethno-cultural terms — whereby the EU is conceived as primarily a cultural community whose members are said to share the same origin, cultural heritage, religion and history — the study goes to great length in discussing the excluding implications that an ethno-cultural identity politics gives rise to. The dissertation argues that such an ethno-cultural disposition partly must be seen in light of the European Union's gradual adjustment to a largely neoliberal order; an order which has worked restraining on the feasibility of a social and political articulation of identity and citizenship in the Union. An introductory chapter outlines the discourse theoretical approach which guides the analyses in five essays. The essays mainly explore how the European Union's discourse on identity manifests in various policy areas - immigration, citizenship and education - all of which in one way or another address the issues of culture, the multicultural society, ethnic exclusion, racism and the situation for ethnic minorities and migrants. The complex of problems concerning ethnic, cultural and social exclusion in today's European Union thus constitutes a central theme engaged with throughout the dissertation.
digitalisering@umu

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Kaplan, Galyna. « The European Union Online : An Analysis of the European Commission's Online Political Communication ». Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-35130.

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Melis, Demetrios George. « The executive role of the European Commission in the external relations of the European Union ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323863.

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Cohen, Justin A. « The committee system and participatory governance in the European Union : case Studies from the European Commission ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522861.

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Thorhallsson, Baldur. « The role of smaller states in the decision-making process of the Common Agricultural Policy and the regional policy of the European Union ». Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287030.

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Dan, Oana. « Public Opinion, National Party Positions, and the European Commission : Contours of the Public Sphere in the European Union ». Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10373.

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As the realm of social life where public opinion forms, the public sphere has been the focus of much theoretical debate and empirical operationalization in political sociology. However, by conceptualizing the public sphere as a nationally circumscribed and normatively defined space that excludes governance institutions, much existing research provides a limited set of tools to define and assess the structure of a supranational public sphere. A deeply integrated supranational polity, the European Union (EU) provides a revealing terrain for tracing the structure of a public sphere emerging between national politics and supranational institutions. In this dissertation, I delineate the contours of the supranational public sphere in the EU by exploring the subjective meanings, national political influences, and institutional interpretation of public opinion about political integration in the EU. I answer the following questions: (1) How salient is EU political integration among Europeans, and what does this concept mean to them? (2) How does Europeans' awareness about EU political integration vary across policies, time and social strata? (3) How is public opinion on EU political integration shaped by national political discourse, as reflected in the positions of national parties? (4) How do officials at the European Commission (EC) measure and interpret public opinion data, and to what extent are these data used to construct an image of the European public and an EU public sphere? Based on quantitative survey data and on interviews with French and Romanian citizens, I show that political integration in the EU remains a distant and abstract concept to which citizens attribute personalized or nationalized meanings. Longitudinal panel models show that public opinion on EU policy often relies on cues from national party discourse. Moreover, interviews with EC staff revealed that, because of logistical and institutional constraints that stifle civil servants' analytical aspirations, public opinion data collected by the EC fail to define a European public and to construct a supranational communicative space for this public. The EU public sphere is a product of supranational polity, but its public is absent and its structure remains nationally embedded.
Sociology

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Cram, Richard. « MODELS OF INFRINGEMENT:THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITHEUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES ». Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3780.

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This thesis is designed to explore the complex question of compliance within the European Union. The European Union relies on the voluntary submission of it members to rules that the organization sets up. Other international organizations operate through this dynamic as well. As such, it is highly important to shed light, through research, on why states comply with the rules set forth by the organizations they belong to. Why do states comply in the European Union? There are many channels of research currently looking at this question. This thesis seeks to examine the European Commission's role in ensuring compliance in the European Union. The Commission is the chief enforcer and monitor within the European Union; as such, it is a critical component in the examination of state's compliance behavior. In order to examine the question of compliance within the European Union a researcher is forced to look at an alternative variable. Compliance is not measurable in a direct fashion and thus some proxy measure must be constructed in order to research it. The conduct of the Commission with regards to suspected and actual Member State violations of treaty obligations offers such a variable. Using data drawn from a variety of sources including the European Commission itself and a framework of research drawn from Mbaye's Why National States Comply with Supranational Law (2001) this thesis finds that no single explanatory variable is responsible for Member State compliance with the rules and laws of the European Union. Rather several factors are at work and must be looked at. This thesis finds moderate support for several hypotheses sourced from the extant literature on the subject of compliance through the models proposed herein. Other hypotheses do not hold up as well under scrutiny.
M.A.
Department of Political Science
Arts and Sciences
Political Science

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Livres sur le sujet "European Union – European Commission"

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Political union : Commission opinion. Luxembourg : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1990.

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commission, European. Europa : European Commission. [Brussels?] : European Commission, 1995.

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Neill, Nugent, dir. At the heart of the Union : Studies of the European Commission. New York : St. Martin's Press, 1997.

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1941-, Suleiman Ezra N., dir. Bureaucratic autonomy and the European Commission : Europe's custodians. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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1969-, Dimitrakopoulos Dionyssis G., dir. The changing European Commission. Manchester : Manchester University Press, 2004.

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Heard-Lauréote, Karen. European Union governance : Efficiency and legitimacy in European Commission committees. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, [England] : Routledge, 2010.

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Heard-Lauréote, Karen. European Union governance : Effectiveness and legitimacy in European Commission committees. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon [England] : Routledge, 2010.

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European Commission. Delegation (U.S.) et European Commission, dir. The European Union : European Commission Delegation in the United States. [Luxembourg : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities], 1998.

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Neill, Nugent, dir. At the heart of the Union : Studies of the European Commission. 2^e éd. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire : MacMillan Press, 2000.

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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords. Select Committee on the European Union. The scrutiny of European Union business : Provisional agreement in the Council of Ministers : 23rd report session 2001-02. London : Stationery Office, 2002.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "European Union – European Commission"

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Gladman, Imogen. « European Commission ». Dans The European Union Encyclopedia and Directory 2022, 281–326. 22^e éd. London : Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003179887-1308.

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McCormick, John. « The European Commission ». Dans European Union Politics, 167–85. London : Macmillan Education UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-34391-7_11.

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Olsen, Jonathan, et John McCormick. « The European Commission ». Dans The European Union, 95–116. Sixth edition. | Boulder, CO : Westview Press, 2016. | Previous editions entered under : McCormick, John, 1954- : Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429494512-8.

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McCormick, John. « The European Commission ». Dans European Union Politics, 157–74. London : Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-45340-2_11.

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Olsen, Jonathan. « The European Commission ». Dans The European Union, 79–96. Seventh edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. : Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429440724-5.

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Cram, Laura. « The Commission ». Dans Developments in the European Union, 44–61. London : Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27572-4_3.

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Blanke, Hermann-Josef, et Stelio Mangiameli. « Article 17 [The European Commission] ». Dans The Treaty on European Union (TEU), 681–732. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31706-4_18.

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McDonald, Maryon. « Identities in the European Commission ». Dans At the Heart of the Union, 49–70. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25791-1_3.

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Geary, Michael J. « The Commission and Britain’s First Application ». Dans Enlarging the European Union, 15–42. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137315571_2.

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Geary, Michael J. « The Commission and the Irish Application ». Dans Enlarging the European Union, 43–61. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137315571_3.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "European Union – European Commission"

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Zatloukalová, Lucie. « Principles of European Family Law as an Inspiration for Law Makers in Europe ». Dans COFOLA 2021. Brno : Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9981-2021-5.

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The Commission on European Family Law is an international group of academic experts on family law. The principles aim is to help harmonize European law and to inspire national legislators to modernize their legislation. The principles try to capture the common core of individual national legislations. If some substantial question has no common core, the Commission creates a new rule, so-called “better law”. The Principles relating to couples in de facto unions deals mainly with the definition and application framework, general rights and obligations, agreements, property and debts, termination of cohabitation, death and mutual disputes. The Principles are of a recommendatory nature only. In Czech Republic the conservative approach prevailed, and de facto unions have no specific legal regulation. In the future, there can be some interesting legal constructions of rights and duties of couple in de facto union that could be an inspiration for Czech legislator. In this contribution I will choose such rights and duties according to the Principles.

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Aanstoos, Ted A., et Manfred Schmiemann. « Evaluating the Economic Impact of Harmonized Product Standards in the European Union ». Dans ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79257.

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After its 2004 enlargement to 25 member nations, the European Union, with a population of 452 million and a GDP surpassing $10 trillion, represents one of the most powerful economic engines in the world, and is the primary trading and investment partner with the US. However, in spite of the mostly integrated single market in Europe, internal trade between member nations can be hindered by competing national level technical standards. To address such inefficiencies, the European Commission issues standardization directives under the New Approach doctrine, adopted in 1985 to harmonize product standards in Europe. This paper attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of the New Approach by analyzing European production and trade data, internal and external, of certain products governed by New Approach norms, in order to determine if economic activity in those products was significantly impacted by the streamlined standards, while controlling for other socioeconomic factors.

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Aanstoos, Ted A. « Management Challenges in Emerging European Union Eco-Standards ». Dans ASME 2004 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2004-52115.

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The European Union is 450 million citizens in 25 otherwise sovereign countries, but connected in a multinational federal metastate that claims a combined economy in excess of $9 trillion (US), making it one of the world’s largest economies. As a community faced with massive decontamination and re-industrialization from devastating wars, Europe places due emphasis on issues of environmental sustainability and pollution prevention. Under broad policy guidelines of the New Approach and Integrated Product Planning frameworks, the European Commission is drafting legislation that will mandate eco-standards for all energized end-use equipment for sale in the internal market. These proposed standards may raise controversy in many industry sectors and international arenas (including within Europe itself) because they may not be based on sound and accepted scientific analysis, because they may constitute a de-facto violation at least in spirit of the Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement, and because nobody can yet predict their cost impact and other market effect. Compliance with these emerging energy efficiency regulations will impose considerable management requirements on manufacturers as they devise documentation and certification programs for their products that are likely to be of a scope similar to ISO 14000. This paper assesses the new requirements from a product and design management perspective.

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Bebić, Domagoj, Milica Vučković et Marija Volarević. « Communicating the Crisis : The European Commission on Social Media During the Economic Crisis in the European Union ». Dans INFuture2015 : e-Institutions – Openness, Accessibility, and Preservation. Department of Information and Communication Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17234/infuture.2015.10.

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Belet, Nuran. « European Energy Association (EEA) and Turkey's Regional “Energy Hub” Possibility : Opportunities and Challenges ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01763.

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European Union Commission declared its vision on European Energy Association EEA including comprehensive changes on energy strategy about energy cooperation and climate changes, as well as conversion and its multi-dimensional cooperation objectives with its report European Commission, Energy Union Package, COM 2015-80. Current cost of energy to the European Union damages its competitiveness in the international market due to its high dependence on energy supply. EU will play an active role in the international energy market with EEA on both energy dependence and on energy supply security. Only four countries are listed on the EEA vision document among alternative producers, cooperation with transit countries and strategic partners: Algeria, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Turkey. Due to its geo-strategic location Turkey is the most affordable and reliable energy transit route between Central Asia and Europe. In this study Turkey’s place as a strategic transit country and its partnership in TAP/TANAP projects as well as its possibility to become a regional energy hub and an oil corridor in the East-West route will be discussed in detail as it is stated in EEA vision document. In this context, possibilities, challenges and related macro-economic policies will be evaluated.

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Manuela Magalhães Silva, Maria, Maria João Ferreira et Dora Resende Alves. « Artificial intelligence regulation in context of the European Commission’s priorities ». Dans Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET-AI 2022) Artificial Intelligence and Future Applications. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100897.

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Based on the concept of artificial intelligence (AI) and its understanding of European Union law, documentary and institutional reference points are presented to raise some thoughts on the subject as a regulatory focus and its relations with the values of the Union and fundamental rights. In recent years, Organizations have undergone a massive r(evolution) at the social, economic, and technological levels due to Digital Transformation. The reflection/question to be asked is whether the use of AI is correct. It requires a deeper understanding of law in an algorithmic world to provide individuals with effective rights against unfair and socially detrimental AI applications and simultaneously inform organizations with the point of view of justice using AI. The need for regulation of AI arises in European Union law at least since 2018. Developments occurred until the proposed regulation of 2021, an assumed priority by the European Commission in its 2019-2024 composition. As a result of doctrinal framework and resort to European Union documentation through a methodology of document analysis, we seek to frame this matter in the Commission's priorities, either in legislative acts or in soft law documents.

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Narin, Müslüme, et Younes Gholizadeh. « Comparing the European Union and Turkey's Renewable Energy Policies ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02155.

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European Union countries (EU), because they have to import a large portion of the consumed energy, on the one hand are trying to develop effective energy consumption, and on the other hand to increase their share of renewable energy sources in total energy consumption. In this context, the European Commission, published "2017 Progress Report" about renewable energy sources in the framework of EU 2020 Renewable Energy Targets". In this report, it is indicated that the share of renewable energy sources in final energy consumption has been increased to 16,4% and with regards to renewable energy sources, a vast majority of EU countries are compatible with their 2020 targets. The EU's policy towards renewable energy sources supports the "Energy Union Action Plan" in five categories: Energy security, market integration, energy efficiency, decarbonization and innovation. For instance, within the framework of energy security, the increase in EU renewable energy sources saved 16 billion Euros in fossil fuel imports in 2015. In accordance with "Clean Energy Package for Europe", emphasized the importance of providing cheap energy to the countries within EU market. Greenhouse gas emissions have declined with consuming renewable energy sources. The purpose of this study is to provide the latest developments in long-standing renewable energy policies in the EU and Turkey comparatively. In this context, first, the Turkey's renewable energy policies will be studied comparatively, thereafter, the effectiveness of these policies in the EU and Turkey will be investigated.

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Eren, Miraç, et Selahattin Kaynak. « Analysis of Innovation Performances of European Union Member Countries ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01852.

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Together with the transition from the industrial society to the information society, Innovation at the forefront of the countries' development arguments has strategic significance for companies, industries, and countries and it is emerging as the main element of being in the market. Also, Innovation has vital importance in determining the policies of countries because of increasing social welfare and living standards of individuals. Countries having effective innovation policies and systems are rapidly advancing in the development race. Even in countries with low innovation performance, demand for innovative products and services are high. According to the Lisbon Strategy, it is important to know the innovation performances of the member countries of the European Union, which see the innovation as the basic element of economic growth, and to measure their activities. For these reasons, the purpose of this research is to analyze the innovation performances of the EU member countries. So, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure the performance of each member country against the other member countries in the group consisting of European Union countries was considered. Therefore, the variables that are used in determining the level of innovation of the member states of the European Commission were respectively considered as Input Variables (Human Research, Research Systems, Finance, and Support) and Output Variables (Innovators, Economic effects). Tone (2001)'s Slack-Based Model and Lotfi & Poursakhi (2012)'s dynamic DEA Model was considered together to measure the efficiency of the countries in few periods instead of a single period.

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ANTOHE, Radu. « STUDY ON THE EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTENERSHIPS IN EUROPEAN UNION ». Dans Competitiveness of Agro-Food and Environmental Economy. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/cafee/2020/9/14.

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The multiple possibilities of the private sector to relieve the state of some tasks and its involvement in public services is a topic widely debated throughout the European Union, with positive effects on the functioning of the economic sector, especially agriculture. The involvement of economic entities belonging to the associative environment in sustainable development is essential in the context of the current economic crisis. This paper aims to analyze the effects and role of public-private partnership involvement, through a evolution analysis based on data provided by the European Commission. The present paper is based on the evolution of Public-private partnership and it has as main objective the highlighting of the similarities and discrepancies of this form of cooperation.

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et al., Scientific Committee. « First European Polar Science Week ». Dans European Polar Science Week 2020. European Space Agency, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/epsw20.

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During the high-level opening session, John Bell, European Commission Director, Directorate General Research & Innovation, European Commission, and Josef Aschbacher, ESA Director praised the cooperation between the EC and ESA, in the context of the Earth System Science Arrangement. They confirmed their willingness to advance towards a better coordination and integration of EC and ESA activities in Polar research. The European Union has been funding a significant number of Polar projects as part of the Framework programmes for Research and Innovation. In 2015, the funding of the EU-PolarNet project was instrumental as it enables stakeholders to coordinate activities across Europe. EU-PolarNet has delivered a number of key outputs among which the Integrated European Research Programme (EPRP). This report is the result of a process involving many players identifying key research and knowledge gaps, feeding into European Commission’s policy making. The launch of the new EU-PolarNet 2 project during the conference showed the willingness of the EU to sustain these coordination efforts. EU-PolarNet 2 will play a key role to reinforce the science to policy interface and to increase coordination of polar research activities at European level, with a better understanding of what is done at national level. EU-PolarNet 2 will also lead the coordination of the EU Polar Cluster in close cooperation with the ESA Polaractivities. The EU Polar Cluster, launched in 2016, has been extending in terms of number of projects (21 projects and 2 initiatives) and it confirmed its objective to reinforce cooperation across projects on a number of areas of common interest. Transnational cooperation of all involved actors (researchers and stakeholders) and European-wide coordination of Polar research efforts are decisively important, particularly in tackling major societal challenges such as climate change. Scientific knowledge has to be appropriately disseminated to inform policymakers with a high level of expertise and to support evidence-based policy making. The projects from the ESA Polar Cluster confirmed the need to work closer with the EU funded projects. This is fully supported by ESA, which launched a call for tender to facilitate innovative scientific developments through collaborative research and networking opportunities in the Polar research domain and in particular between the ESA and EU Polar Clusters.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "European Union – European Commission"

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Bunse, Simone, Elise Remling, Anniek Barnhoorn, Manon du Bus de Warnaffe, Karen Meijer et Dominik Rehbaum. Advancing European Union Action to Address Climate-related Security Risks. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, septembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/rzme5933.

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The Ukraine war has added to the pressure to address the links between the environment, natural resource management and conflict. This SIPRI Research Policy Paper assesses the priorities of selected European Union (EU) member states regarding climate-related security risks, explores their strategies for pursuing these at EU level and identifies steps for further action. It finds that the appetite to tackle climate-related security risks at EU level is mixed. While maintaining the operational efficiency of the military is a red line, concentrating efforts on research, development and peacekeeping is acceptable even to countries that do not prioritize climate insecurity in their policies. Country strategies for pursuing such efforts involve spotlighting climate security during their respective rotating Council presidencies, working closely with the European External Action Service and the European Commission, and collaborating with like-minded member states. The paper recommends additional steps for action but in order to make effective adjustments to EU processes, climate security will need greater prominence on the EU agenda.

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Bremberg, Niklas, et Simone Bunse. Climate, Peace and Security in a Changing Geopolitical Context : Next Steps for the European Union. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, février 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/lkcg6004.

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This policy brief analyses current initiatives and ways forward to address the nexus between climate change, peace and security within the European Union’s (EU) foreign, security and defence policies. Considering Sweden’s reputation and credibility in advancing international cooperation on climate security and in light of the 2023 Swedish presidency of the Council of the EU, there is an opportunity to address the current lack of alignment between the climate and conflict-sensitizing work of the European External Action Service (EEAS) and the climate adaptation and mitigation work of the European Commission. Closer collaboration between the EEAS, the European Commission and EU member states to align resources and tools would allow for a qualitative leap forward by fostering actions that are preventative rather than reactive to climate-related security risks in the short to medium term.

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Motel-Klingebiel, Andreas, et Gerhard Naegele. Exclusion and inequality in late working life in the political context of the EU. Linköping University Electronic Press, novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/9789179293215.

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European societies need to increase the participation in work over the life course to support the provision of qualified labour and to meet the challenges for social security systems under the condition of their ageing populations. One of the key ambitions is to extend people’s working lives and to postpone labour market exit and retirement where possible. This requires informed policies, and the research programme EIWO – ‘Exclusion and Inequality in Late Working Life: Evidence for Policy Innovation towards Inclusive Extended Work and Sustainable Working Conditions in Sweden and Europe’ – aims to push the boundaries of knowledge about late working life and the potential of its inclusive and equal prolongation via a theoretically driven, gender-sensitive combination of multi-level perspectives. EIWO takes a life course approach on exclusion and inequality by security of tenure, quality of work, workplaces, and their consequences. It identifies life course policies, promoting lifelong learning processes and flexible adaptation to prolong working lives and to avoid increased exclusion and inequality. Moreover, it provides evidence for policies to ensure both individual, company and societal benefits from longer lives. To do so, EIWO orientates its analyses systematically to the macro-political contexts at the European Union level and to the policy goals expressed in the respective official statements, reports and plans. This report systematizes this ambitious approach. Relevant documents such as reports, green books and other publications of the European Commission (EC), the European Parliament (EP), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), as well as those of social partners and research institutions, have been systematically scanned and evaluated. In addition, relevant decisions of European summits have been considered. The selection of documents claims completeness regarding relevant and generally available publication, while relevance is defined from the point of view of EIWO’s interests. It is the aim of this report to provide a sound knowledge base for EIWO’s analyses and impact strategies and to contribute to the emerging research on the connection between population ageing and the European policies towards productivity, inclusiveness, equity, resilience and sustainability. This report aims to answer the following questions: How are EIWO’s conceptual classification and programme objectives reflected in the European Union’s policy programming? How can EIWO’s analyses and impact benefit from a reference to current EU policy considerations, and how does this focus support the outline of policy options and the formulating of possible proposals to Swedish and European stakeholders? The present report was written during early 2022; analyses were finalized in February 2022 and represent the status until this date.

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Petit, Vincent. Road to a rapid transition to sustainable energy security in Europe. Schneider Electric Sustainability Research Institute, octobre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.58284/se.sri.bcap9655.

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Decarbonization and energy security in Europe are two faces of the same coin. They are both related to the large dependency of the European Union economy on fossil fuels, which today represent around 70% of the total supply of energy. The bulk of these energy resources are imported, with Russia being the largest supplier, accounting for 40% of natural gas and 27% of oil imports. However, fossil fuels are also the primary root cause of greenhouse gas emissions, and the European Union is committed to reduce those by 55% by 2030 (versus 1990). This report is based on the landmark research from the Joint Research Center of the European Commission, the “Integrated Database of the European Energy Sector”, which for the first time mapped actual energy uses for each country within the European Union, across 17 sectors of activity, with data granularity at the level of each process step (or end-use) of each of these sectors. Our approach here has been to systematically review these process steps (or end-uses) and qualify the extent to which they could be electrified, effectively removing the demand for fossil fuels as a result. We have focused only on those process steps where technology was already widely available and for which we evaluated the switch to be relatively easy (or attractive). In other words, we estimated the impact of rapid electrification of “easy to abate” activities. The conclusion of this evaluation is that the share of electricity demand in the final energy mix could jump from around 20% today to 50%, which would drive a reduction in emissions at end-use of around 1,300 MtCO2 /y, as well as a drop in natural gas and oil supply of around 50%. As a result of such transformation, electricity demand would nearly double, with the bulk of that growth materializing in the building sector. Short-term, the challenge of addressing climate targets while providing for energy security is thus intimately connected to buildings. While such transition would certainly require major infrastructure upgrades, which may prove a roadblock to rapid deployment, we find that the combination of energy efficiency measures (notably digital) and distributed generation penetration (rooftop solar) could significantly tame the issue, and hence help accelerate the move away from fossil fuels, with energy spend savings as high as 80% across some building types; a major driver of change. Beyond this, further potential exists for electrification. Other measures on the demand-side will include deeper renovations of the industrial stock (notably in the automotive, machinery, paper, and petrochemical industries for which our current assessment may be underestimated) and further electrification of mobility (trucks). The transition of the power system away from coal (and ultimately natural gas) will then also play a key role, followed ultimately by feedstocks substitution in industry. Some of these transitions are already on the way and will likely bring further improvements. The key message, however, is that a significant opportunity revolves around buildings to both quickly decarbonize and reduce energy dependencies in Europe. Rapid transformation of the energy system may be more feasible than we think. We notably estimate that, by 2030, an ambitious and focused effort could help displace 15% to 25% of natural gas and oil supply and reduce emissions by around 500 MtCO2 /y (note that these savings would come on top of additional measures regarding energy efficiency and flexibility, which are not the object of this study). For this to happen, approximately 100 million buildings will need renovating, and a similar number of electric vehicles would need to hit the road.

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Durovic, Mateja, et Franciszek Lech. A Consumer Law Perspective on the Commercialization of Data. Universitätsbibliothek J. C. Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.64577.

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Commercialization of consumers’ personal data in the digital economy poses serious, both conceptual and practical, challenges to the traditional approach of European Union (EU) Consumer Law. This article argues that mass-spread, automated, algorithmic decision-making casts doubt on the foundational paradigm of EU consumer law: consent and autonomy. Moreover, it poses threats of discrimination and under- mining of consumer privacy. It is argued that the recent legislative reaction by the EU Commission, in the form of the ‘New Deal for Consumers’, was a step in the right direction, but fell short due to its continued reliance on consent, autonomy and failure to adequately protect consumers from indirect discrimination. It is posited that a focus on creating a contracting landscape where the consumer may be properly informed in material respects is required, which in turn necessitates blending the approaches of competition, consumer protection and data protection laws.

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Macias, Agustin. New Superpower, The European Union. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, mai 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada280770.

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Inman, Robert, et Daniel Rubinfeld. Subsidiarity and the European Union. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, mai 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6556.

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Feldstein, Martin. Coordination in the European Union. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, janvier 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18672.

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Airoldi, Adele. The European Union and the Arctic. Nordic Council of Ministers, décembre 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/tn2014-565.

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Alesina, Alberto, Ignazio Angeloni et Ludger Schuknecht. What Does the European Union Do ? Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, décembre 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8647.

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