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1
Altmann, Franz-Lothar, Wladimir Andreff et Gerhard Fink. « Future Expansion of the European Union in Central Europe ». Forschungsinstitut für Europafragen, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1995. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3586/1/IEF_WP_8.pdf.
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White, Joshua Peter. « Transition and soft budgets ». Thesis, Boston University, 2003. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27796.
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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02
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LEVY, JONATHAN H. « MADISON, WILSON, AND EAST CENTRAL EUROPEAN FEDERALISM ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1147397806.
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Wu, Xin. « The European Union labor market :opportunities and challenges from the Eastern enlargement ». Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953684.
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Grabbe, Heather Mary Claire. « Europeanisation through accession : the influence of the European Union in central and eastern Europe ». Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251847.
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Farina, Martina <1994>. « Compliance with European Union Law in Central and Eastern Europe : the case of Bulgaria and Romania ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21383.
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Nel 2004, dieci stati si sono uniti all'Unione Europea: 7 facevano parte dell'ex blocco orientale, una era una ex repubblica della Jugoslavia e due sono isole nel Mar Mediterraneo. In generale, quando si parla di allargamento ad est si include anche la Romania e la Bulgaria, entrate nell'Unione successivamente, nel 2007, in quanto non furono in grado di rispettare i criteri prestabiliti dalla Commissione (Criteri di Copenhagen). In particolare, questi ultimi due stati suscitarono forti critiche e preoccupazioni riguardo la loro capacità di rispettare i principi di adesione, in quanto ancora non sufficientemente preparati e qualificati per la membership.
All'inizio delle negoziazioni, tutti gli stati dell'allargamento ad Est del 2004-07 stavano affrontando delle profonde trasformazioni sociali, politiche ed economiche. Romania e Bulgaria, tuttavia, rimangono due stati controversi, in quanto entrambe stentarono ad applicare e trasporre le regolamentazioni dell'Unione.
Nel primo capitolo di questa tesi vengono date una serie di definizioni che saranno necessarie per una comprensione più dettagliata dell'argomento in quesitone. In particolare due concetti, la condizionalità e la compliance, strettamente connessi in quando la condizionalità è uno strumento fondamentale per stimolare i paesi membri a rispettare le regolamentazioni dell'Unione. Nei due capitoli successivi si procederà con un'analisi dei due stati più contrastati, Romania e Bulgaria, attraverso la consultazione del CVM report.
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Charrad, Kristina. « Participants or observers in European governance ? civil society lobbyists from Central and Eastern Europe in Brussels ». Baden-Baden Nomos, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1000248372/04.
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Zottarelli, Lisa K. « Coming in From the Cold : Integration into the European Union and Public Opinion on Democracy and the Market Economy in Central and Eastern Europe ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3099/.
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The political economy transformations of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe have received a great deal of attention over the past decade. The focus of much research has been to examine the internal national reorientations of the countries with regard to the changes in political and economic conditions. The importance of the international reorientation of these countries toward Western Europe in general and the European Union in particular has been generally overlooked. This dissertation examines public opinion on the political and economic transformations within the framework of the direction of the international reorientations of the countries. The countries were divided into three categories, those that can be expected to be invited to join the European Union in the next enlargement, those that can be expected to join the European Union in a subsequent enlargement, and the countries not seeking European Union membership. Public opinion on democracy and the market economy and attitudinal factors that influence these opinions are compared in 16 countries in Central and Eastern Europe. The data are from the Central and East European Barometers 3-7 (1992 - 1996). The findings suggest that general opinions regarding satisfaction with democracy are not related to the status of the country seeking membership in the European Union while support from the market economy does differ. When examining attitudinal factors that are related to satisfaction with democracy and support for the market economy, differences emerged between the three categories of countries. These findings suggest that public opinion is in part shaped by the international orientations of the country and that changes in public opinion are important in understanding the political and economic transformation processes.
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Dihel, Nora Carina. « Temporary movements of services providers from Central and Eastern European Countries into the European Union / ». [Bucureşti] : Ed. DBH, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013195171&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Lipska, Katarzyna. « The effects of 2004 European Union enlargement on mortality development for joining countries ». Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-92578.
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The life expectancy development during the past 150 years has been remarkable in many parts of the world. These developments, however, have been very different across countries. In Europe, the diverse historical and political changes lead to clusters of regions that followed different mortality developments. The aim of this study was to examine how countries that entered the European Union in 2004 and 2007 differ in terms of mortality from continuous members of the EU and from Eastern European countries that have never joined the EU. Moreover, I studied a possible convergence in mortality indicators between these groups of countries. The data used to explore mortality conditions in those groups of countries was derived from two sources: The Human Mortality Database and European Health for All Database. Descriptive statistics and calculations of average yearly pace of change for groups of countries have been applied for each mortality indicator. Furthermore, regression models have been conducted to estimate the impact of belonging to a country group on mortality indicators, adjusted for some macro-level indicators of economic progress and health expenditure. The results verified previous research implying the importance of period factors which can affect mortality in the short term. For all mortality indicators, accelerated improvements between 1995 and 1999 have been found in countries who became EU members in 2004. Moreover, life expectancy convergence was observed for life expectancy at birth but not for the older ages which could imply that the positive progress affected older ages to smaller degree. My findings confirm the importance of social environment and imply that the process of joining the EU possibly could reduce social stress and affect mortality conditions positively.
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Quaglia, Lucia. « Italy and economic and monetary union : domestic politics and European union policy-making ». Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390828.
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Bubpasiri, Tipparat. « The fifth enlargement of the European Union : the accession of Central and Eastern European countries ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302543.
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Makhavikova, Hanna [Verfasser]. « Determinants of foreign direct investment in Central and Eastern Europe : the effects of integration with the European Union / Hanna Makhavikova ». Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1142232980/34.
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Topidi, K. « Legal aspects of minority rights protection in the European Union within the perspective of enlargement to central and Eastern Europe ». Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517523.
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Zuleeg, Fabian. « The political economy of the accession process : aspirations of European Union membership leading to divergence within Central and Eastern Europe ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22769.
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This thesis examines the Political Economy of the Accession of Central and Eastern European Countries to the European Union. It focuses on the process of accession from the perspective of the applicant countries and the constraints they face. For this purpose the thesis examines the literature of transition economics with a particular emphasis on macro-economic modelling and contrasts the findings with literature on the accession process. It demonstrates that there is a need to apply the transition literature to the accession process by using economic modelling. The thesis recognises that the position of the applicant countries is path dependent and thus sets out the main historical developments. The thesis demonstrates that groups of applicant countries share a certain degree of common historical development, particularly in the later half of the second century. The thesis then examines the transition up to date with a particular emphasis on the relationship with the European Union, to determine the starting point of the accession process. This part of the thesis shows that some of the countries have fallen behind in the accession process and face further difficult reforms. The next section of the thesis models the accession process and derives theoretical conclusions. The conclusions show that constraints play an important part in the accession process. In particular, the thesis identifies the main constraints as political feasibility, time consistency and uncertainty. Furthermore the theoretical conclusions demonstrate that countries at different stages of the accession process need to pursue different strategies. The thesis then applies the theoretical conclusions by examining the literature on the applicant countries to identify the presence of constraints. The thesis demonstrates that the constraints are present in all the applicant countries, but, as predicted by the theoretical model, the presence of constraints is most frequent in those countries furthest away from accession. The thesis concludes that some countries face an increasingly difficult accession process, which might lead to the postponement or even abandonment of accession.
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Phelps, Peter. « Euro area enlargement and the prospects for business cycle synchronisation of Central and Eastern European countries ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648101.
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Romya, Kivilcim. « A Comparative Analysis Of The European Union Financial Assistance To Central And Eastern European Countries And Turkey ». Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12609344/index.pdf.
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This thesis makes a comparative analysis of financial assistances provided to Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) and Turkey by the European Union (EU) prior and pursuant to candidacy. Furthermore, the thesis argues results obtained through comparison of financial assistances provided to CEECs and Turkey by the EU within the framework of integration theories and examines the place of Turkey within the enlargement perspective of the EU by addressing arguments that are dominant in the literature in relation to European integration theories.
The major argument of the thesis is that Turkey has not been treated equally with CEECs as regards financial assistance provided by the EU. As a justification for this, it is assumed that ideational factors have an impact on the enlargement perspective of the EU and they are determinant in the stance of EU towards Turkey.
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Abdulhamidova, Nurangez. « The European Union-Central Asia : in the light of the New Strategy ». Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-51548.
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Central Asia is a region strategically located at the crossroads of the two continents: Asia and Europe. The region is represented by five states (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) with different level of economic development and with the population amounting to over 60 million people. The region is rich in energy resources represented by oil, gas, coal and water resources.
The thesis analyses, assesses and scrutinises one of the topical issues of the contemporary international relations - cooperation between the European Union and Central Asian states before and after adoption in June 2007 of the ‘European Union and Central Asia: Strategy for a New Partnership’, an important political document in the history of relations between the two parties.
The new stage of cooperation is analysed more comprehensively accentuating priorities set in the Strategy. Analysis of the current state of affairs is conducted concerning some important issues of the Strategy related to regional cooperation between Central Asian states, such as integrated water management and development of hydro-energy system, issues of diversification of hydrocarbons supply routes from the region to Europe and provision of energy security, etc.
Issues of cooperation between the European Union and Tajikistan are analysed as a case study. State of affairs between the Central Asian states and the European Union Member States actively cooperating with these countries is characterised.
The thesis also scrutinises other regional/international actors engaged in cooperation with Central Asia (such as China, Russia, the US, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, etc.) and their potential for interaction with the European Union for more effective joint solution of the problems existing in the region is assessed.
In the conclusion, development of cooperation between the European Union and Central Asian states is scrutinised, the problems and their possible solutions in this regard are analysed, and the recommendations for increasing effectiveness of cooperation between the two parties are presented.
The European Union’s policy in Central Asia is interpreted from perspective of the theories of international relations namely neorealism, neoliberalism and constructivism in the research.
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Sharshenova, Aizhan. « European Union democracy promotion in Central Asia : implementation in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan ». Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13122/.
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The EU has made the area of democracy, human rights, rule of law and good governance a top cooperation priority under the framework of the EU Strategy towards Central Asia. The inclusion of strong normative elements into the Strategy was both due to the EU’s commitment to democratic principles and the lack of democratisation progress in Central Asia. This thesis examines two interrelated question: To what extent has EU democracy promotion in Central Asia been successful, and why? Focusing on the implementation of EU democracy promotion instruments the thesis has made three original contributions. First, it adds to the existing research on democracy promotion mechanisms and provides a comprehensive analytical framework for evaluation of democracy promotion, inclusive of factors which may facilitate or impede democracy promotion in Central Asia. Second, this thesis demonstrates the validity of a holistic approach to analysing factors impeding democracy promotion. It acknowledges that a variety of diverse factors affect external democracy promotion and their impact can vary as international, regional and domestic conditions change. Third, two original case studies were presented and analysed with taking into consideration relevant contextual conditions, which might affect the design, implementation and outcomes of EU democracy promotion. Case study approach offers a highly contextual solution to examining external democracy promotion. It allows for a depth of analysis and adds to the existing body of literature, which usually either focuses on individual democracy promotion projects or provides a shallow overview of EU activities in Central Asia. The thesis focused on the stable and rich authoritarian Kazakhstan and poorer Kyrgyzstan prone to political instability but also to democratic openings. The case studies represented the country with more strategic importance for the EU (Kazakhstan) and the country with less strategic importance for the EU (Kyrgyzstan) in order to see how non normative interests interfere with normative interests.
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Esteves, Sílvia Patrícia Simões. « The European Central Bank's role in the eurozone crisis ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7221.
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Mestrado em Economia e Políticas PúblicasEsta dissertação pretende analisar o papel do Banco Central Europeu (BCE) na União Europeia e na crise da zona euro. Especialmente, procura compreender se a arquitetura inicial sobre a qual o BCE foi construído era adequada para responder aos desafios que se vieram colocar durante a crise, procurando analisar as alterações motivadas pelo desenvolvimento da crise. O BCE é uma instituição fundamental para a união monetária. Estando no centro da questão, dadas as características financeira e bancária da crise, o BCE tem vindo a enfrentar muitos desafios. Muitos têm criticado o papel do BCE na crise da zona euro, realçando a sua limitação de poderes pelos Tratados e a sua lentidão na resolução dos problemas de liquidez dos estados membros. Outros consideram que o BCE tem sido a instituição determinante para a resolução da crise. Mas durante o período em que a crise se foi aprofundando, e em que a crise financeira inicial evoluiu para a crise da zona euro, o BCE enfrentou e continua a enfrentar muitos desafios e mudanças, assumindo um papel decisivo na crise. No Sistema Monetário Europeu, o BCE é agora uma instituição mais forte com mais instrumentos e novos poderes. A União Europeia enfrentou o seu maior desafio e conseguiu sobreviver unida pelo euro. Contudo, o BCE, que tinha a estabilidade de preços como o seu principal objetivo, enfrenta agora o perigo de deflação. Manter a estabilidade financeira é agora um objetivo fundamental e a regulação das instituições financeiras é fundamental para a estabilidade da zona euro. Uma união bancária eficaz, capaz de regular a integração financeira e de efetuar uma supervisão bancária centralizada adequada é fundamental para a continuidade da zona euro. Nesta presumível fase final da crise europeia, o BCE tornou-se num banco central muito mais interventivo devido às circunstâncias excepcionais que tem vindo a enfrentar. Esta dissertação começa por caracterizar o papel de um banco central numa união monetária e os seus constrangimentos. Seguidamente, expõe as políticas, os instrumentos e a arquitetura original do BCE. No final, é abordado concretamente o papel do BCE na crise da zona euro com a análise paramétrica dos efeitos das políticas do BCE nas taxas de juro das dívidas soberanas.
This dissertation is an attempt to explain the role of the European Central Bank (ECB) in the European Union and in the Eurozone crisis. In depth, it attempts to comprehend if the initial framework on which the ECB was built was designed to respond to the problems faced by the Eurozone, and to analyze the changes motivated by the course of the Eurozone crisis. The ECB is a key institution in the monetary union. Being at the heart of the problem, the ECB faces many challenges. Many have criticized the ECB’s role in the current crisis, pointing out its lack of power and slowness in solving the Eurozone’s problems, while others see the ECB as the main contributor to solving the ongoing crisis. But as the crisis deepened, and the initial financial crisis became the Eurozone crisis, the ECB has experienced many challenges and changes, playing a key role in the Eurozone crisis. The ECB is now a stronger European institution with more instruments and power. The European Union has faced its biggest challenge and has, for now, survived united by the euro. However, the ECB that saw price stability as its primary objective now faces the danger of deflation. Financial stability is now of major importance and the regulation of financial and banking institutions must be undertaken by the ECB in order to prevent future crisis. A strong Banking Union, capable to regulate financial integration and to supervise banking institutions is fundamental to the Eurozone. In this presumably final stage of the Eurozone crisis, the ECB has evolved into a much more active central bank, due to the exceptional circumstances. This work characterizes the role of a central bank in a monetary union and its constraints. After, it describes the ECB’s framework, instruments and policies. Lastly, this dissertation addresses the ECB’s role in the Eurozone crisis supported by a parametrical analysis of the effects of the ECB’s measures on sovereign debts.
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Öhlén, Mats. « The Eastward Enlargement of European Parties : Party Adaptation in the Light of EU-enlargement ». Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-28635.
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The aim of the study is to map out and analyse the integration of political parties from Central and Eastern Europe into the main European party families. The prospect of eastern enlargement of the EU implicated opportunities and above all challenges for the West European party families. The challenges consisted of integrating new parties with a different historical legacy. The study focuses on mainly how the European party families handled these challenges and what motives that have driven them in this engagement. At a more general level the thesis sketches two alternatives interpretations of the process: Western neo-colonialism and contribution to democratisation. The method used for the study is comparative case-study method and the main sources that have been utilised are party documents and in-depth interviews. The study is delimited to the three main European party families: the Christian democrats, the social democrats and the liberals. The countries of interest in Central and Eastern Europe are those postcommunist countries that became EU-members in 2004 and 2007: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia. The time-frame is limited to the first party contacts in 1989 to the final inclusion of the new parties in 2000-2006. The results suggest that the European parties have responded with ambitious means to the challenge of integrating new parties from a postcommunist context. They have set up new coordinating bodies and organised educational programmes for the applicant parties, mainly directed to young politicians. The Christian democrats and the social democrats have also used parallel organisations as buffer-zones, which provided certain flexibility. As for motives, the Christian democrats stand out as the party family with the clearest power-oriented motives. At the other end, the liberals stand out as the party family that is most steered by ideology and identity. The social democrats went through a change with ideological considerations dominating the early phase and became increasingly poweroriented as the EU enlargement drew closer. When it comes to the two alternative interpretations of this process, the main conclusion is that they are intertwined and more or less impossible to separate from each other.
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Wagner, Bettina [Verfasser]. « The Formation of Support for the European Union in Central and Eastern Europe : The Role of National Attitudes as Cognitive Heuristics / Bettina Wagner ». Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & ; Co. KG, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1160879419/34.
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Münch, Wolfgang. « Effects of EU enlargement to the Central European countries on agricultural markets / ». Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2002. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy037/2003054521.html.
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Mendonça, Frederico Cavaleiro de. « Banking supervision in the European Union : the conflict between monetary policy and supervision ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20639.
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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e FinanceiraEsta dissertação analisa a supervisão bancária na União Europeia e o possível conflito de interesses entre política monetária e supervisão, que pode acontecer como consequência da integração das funções de supervisão e regulação bancária no Banco Central Europeu. A secção empírica considera o tema pelo lado da supervisão, tendo como referência o cumprimento dos princípios fundamentais de Basileia para uma supervisão bancária eficaz e procurando avaliar se a estrutura de supervisão tem impacto no cumprimento dos mesmos. Foi considerada uma amostra de 22 países e realizada uma cross-sectional anlysis. Os resultados sugerem que a estrutura de supervisão não tem significância no cumprimento dos princípios em questão. Pelo contrário, a liberdade financeira é uma variável com significância.
This dissertation analyses the banking supervision in the European Union and the possible conflict of interests between monetary policy and supervision due to the integration of banking supervision and regulation duties within the European Central Bank (ECB). The empirical section considers the topic on the supervision side, looking at the compliance with the Basel Core Principles (BCP) for effective supervision as a benchmark, trying to assess whether the banking supervision framework has significant impact on the best supervision practises. A sample of 22 countries and a cross-sectional analysis was considered. The results suggest that the supervisory structure has no significance on the compliance with the BCP. On the contrary, financial freedom is a significant variable.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Golab, Anna. « An investigation into the volatility and cointegration of emerging European stock markets ». Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/572.
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This dissertation examines the interaction between European Emerging markets including cointegration, volatility, correlation and spillover effects. This study is also concerned with the process of the enlargement of the European Union and how this affects the emerging markets of newcomers. The twelve emerging markets studied are Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Cyprus, Estonia, Hungry, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia, which are all progressing very rapidly in their reforms and domestic economic stability.
The majority of prior studies on stock market comovements and integration have concentrated on mature developed markets or the advanced emerging markets of the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland whilst the behaviour and interrelationship of other Central and Eastern European equity markets has been neglected. This study fills that gap.
There are two key aspects investigated in this study. Firstly the cointegration between studied emerging markets and secondly the volatility and spillover effects.
The cointegration analysis examines the short and long run behaviour of the twelve emerging stock markets and assesses the impact of the EU on stock market linkages as revealed by the time series behaviour of their stock market indices. The adopted time- series framework incorporates the Johansen procedure, Granger Causality tests, Variance Decompositions and Impulse Response analyses. The cointegration results for both pre- and post- EU periods confirm the existence of long run relationships between markets. Granger Causality relationships are indentified among the most advanced emerging markets. The Variance Decomposition analyses find evidence of regional integration amongst the markets. Furthermore, the Impulse Response function illustrates that the shocks in returns for all twelve markets persist for very short time periods.
The volatility and spillover analysis applies several univariate models of Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity, including GARCH, GJR and EGARCH. The models used in the analysis of cross market effects include CCC, diagonal BEKK, VARMA GARCH and VARMA AGARCH. Overall, the econometric analysis using these models shows stock market integration during the pre-EU period, however interdependence of the markets is established for the post-EU period. The results provide important information on the impact of the accession of new countries to the EU, with clear evidence of stability in Central and Eastern Europe markets and integration within the region.
This study has important implications for investors wishing to diversify across national markets, such as the implications of growing asset correlations, if they are displayed, and whether investors should diversify outside the Central and Eastern European countries. It could be argued that the former Eastern block economies constitute emerging markets which typically offer attractive risk adjusted returns for international investors. Moreover, stock market comovement is of considerable interest to policy makers from a perspective of the effects on the macroeconomy, the planning of monetary policy and impact of the degree of stock market comovements on the stability of international monetary policy.
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Taylor, Sara. « Financial Crisis in the European Union : The Cases of Greece and Ireland ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35128.
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The 2008 eurozone financial crisis has only worsened as of summer 2011 raising questions about the economic future of the eurozone and sending shock waves through economies around the world. Greece was the first state to receive a bailout from the European Union and the International Monetary Fund, surprisingly followed only six months later by Ireland. The goal of this thesis is to analyze the challenges posed to smaller, weaker economies within the eurozone, specifically Greece and Ireland, since the recent eurozone financial crisis. This study is based on the experiences of both Greece and Ireland as very different members of the single currency. How and why did these states meet the criteria for euro convergence? To what extent was there support for the euro in both countries in the past? To what extent is there support today after the near collapse of both economies and the rescue packages brought about by the EU?
As a result of the recent financial crisis, Greece and Ireland are facing difficulties with the terms of European economic and monetary union. Since these smaller economies are, among other reasons, unable to devalue the currency in order to regain economic competitiveness as members of the single currency, they are recognizing that the eurozoneâ s economic structure may not adequately address their national economic vulnerabilities during times of crisis. Because of this and the worsening economic conditions in both Greece and Ireland in 2011, I hypothesize that these states are â frayingâ the edges of the eurozone, or increasingly degrading the eurozoneâ s specific economic relationships, and demonstrating this through a growing skepticism of the economic benefits to smaller, weaker economies as members of the eurozone. Additionally, citizens of both states are indicating this skepticism by increasingly separating from the parties and policies that support eurozone membership in their states, as demonstrated by the political shifts in each state since the crisis began. In order to study the phenomenon of â frayingâ and address the question of the challenges posed to the smaller, weaker economies and their incorporation into the eurozone, I analyze the effects of the debt crisis in Greece and Ireland in terms of the EU/IMF bailouts, the austerity measures each state took in response to the crisis, and the resulting national political changes. I found that neither Greek nor Irish citizens were unequivocally growing skeptical of their membership in the single currency. In fact, citizens in both states still support the idea of the euro. However, there did appear to be a certain element of dislocation of support between these two states and the eurozone in the aversion each has to the terms of their bailouts.
The empirical work to study this question includes secondary scholarly reading, national and supranational monetary and political policy analysis, and analysis of national and supranational economic indicators. The three main topics analyzed in this study are the EU/IMF bailouts, the austerity measures taken in each state due to the crisis, and what may be the resulting national political changes. The effects of the three key issue areas discussed in this thesis are studied in both Greece and Ireland.Master of Arts
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Gérard, Marc. « Economic catching-up and monetary integration of Central and Eastern European countries ». Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100021.
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Cette thèse s’intéresse au défi que représente le rattrapage des niveaux de prix pour la stabilité macroéconomique des pays en transition d’Europe centrale et orientale, dans la perspective de leur future participation à la zone euro. A cet égard, une modélisation du taux de change réel d’équilibre suggère que l’appréciation réelle liée au rattrapage économique recouvre des évolutions de prix relatifs différentes suivant les régimes de change, dont témoignent des trajectoires d’endettement extérieur contrastées. Dans les économies en changes flexibles, la hausse du taux de change nominal favorise une appréciation endogène des termes de l’échange à moyen terme, en orientant les investissements directs étrangers et la réalisation des gains de productivité vers le secteur exposé de l’économie, ce qui se traduit par une appréciation du taux de change réel d’équilibre et une amélioration des comptes extérieurs. Dans les économies en changes fixes, les effets de valorisation liés à la hausse des prix relatifs domestiques tendent à orienter les investissements vers le secteur abrité de l’économie, entraînant une érosion de la compétitivité extérieure, dont témoigne le gonflement de la dette externe. Par ailleurs, l’intégration monétaire comporte des risques spécifiques pour la stabilité macroéconomique des économies en rattrapage, dans la mesure où elle s’accompagne d’un processus marqué de convergence des conditions de financement entre Etats membres, dès lors que la perspective de l’adhésion à l’espace monétaire commun devient crédible. Un modèle dynamique à anticipations rationnelles permet de montrer que face au choc de demande lié à une telle convergence financière, l’appréciation du taux de change nominal se révèle cruciale pour limiter la surchauffe de l’économie. A l’inverse, dans les économies en régime de change fixe, l’abaissement des primes de risque pays est susceptible de provoquer une montée de l’endettement extérieur, suivi d’enchaînements déflationnistes une fois dans l’union monétaireThis research investigates the challenges of price level catching-up for macroeconomic stability in Central and Eastern European transition countries seeking to enter the Euro area. In this respect, an equilibrium real exchange rate model suggests that the process of real appreciation observed along economic catching-up in these countries can be ascribed to different relative price developments, depending on the exchange rate regime, as exemplified by contrasted external debt trajectories. In flexible exchange rate economies, the increase in the nominal exchange rate fosters an endogenous appreciation of the terms of trade in the medium run, by channelling foreign direct investment and associated productivity gains to the exposed sector of the economy, thus appreciating the equilibrium real exchange rate and strengthening the current account over time. In fixed exchange rate economies, positive valuation effects associated with the increase in domestic relative prices tend to divert investment to the sheltered sector, thus undermining external competitiveness and bringing about higher external debt. Furthermore, monetary integration entails specific risks for macroeconomic stability in catching-up economies, because it implies a process of rapid convergence in the financing conditions across member States, which takes place as soon as the perspective of accession to the common monetary area appears credible. A dynamic, rational expectations model shows that the appreciation of the nominal exchange rate becomes crucial to curtail the economic overheating triggered by the demand shock associated with financial convergence. By contrast, diminishing country risk premia under fixed exchange rate regimes are likely to cause ‘boom bust’ cycles, with an increase in external indebtedness followed by deflationary developments once in the monetary union
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Stanek, Piotr. « Efficiency of decision making in central banks : lessons for the European Central Bank ». Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50374-2007-13.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette thèse s'attache â comprendre les facteurs influencant l'efficacité de la prise de décision au sein des banques centrales. La littérature économique propose plusieurs facteurs pouvant influencer la qualité des decisions prise par un comité de politique monétaire tels que le nombre de membres, la règle de décision, les caractèristiques des décideurs ou encore les modalités de communication entre eux. Cette thèse se focalise sur la précision d'information comme la variable déterminant l'efficacité des décisions: plus elle est élevé meilleurs sont les résultats de la politique monétaire et cette politique devient plus réactive. La précision d'information acquise par le décideur dépend de son habilleté, de la cible de politique ainsi que des institutions de prise de décision. Empiriquement il a été montré que l'expérience professionnelle des membres de comité de politique monétaire influence le niveau d'inflation et leur niveau d'éducation influence la réactivité. L'existence d'une taille optimale du comité a aussi été confirmé. Finalement, la récente réforme du système de prise de décision au sein de la BCE a été évaluée et critiquée ainsi qu'une proposition alternative correspondante au critères proposés a été spécifiée.
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Surubaru, Neculai-Cristian. « Governing EU Cohesion Policy in Central and Eastern Europe : the interplay between administrative capacity and political factors : the case of Structural Funds absorption in Bulgaria and Romania (2007-2013) ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/31876.
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This dissertation examines how new European Union (EU) member states manage and implement European Cohesion Policy (CP). It assess the administrative and political factors that might explain the variation in the financial absorption of Structural Funds (SF), with a specific focus on two homogeneous cases from Central and Eastern Europe (CEECs). Whilst there is a dense literature on the potential socio-economic impact of CP in the EU, less attention has been paid to the factors affecting CP and SF governance at the national domestic level. Questions of financial absorption, delivery effectiveness and quality of the spending remain open and are puzzling for both academics and practitioners. Subsequently, one of the main aims of this thesis has been to provide an in-depth investigation of, on the one hand, the structural administrative capacity employed by states to manage this policy and, on the on the other hand, the political factors and dynamics that influence its delivery of SF in new member states. The study carries out an archaeology of the capacity of the specialised institutions involved in the different stages of the absorption process with the general aim of explaining some of the determinants of absorption performance, particularly in the countries assessed. It proposes an absorption capacity model in order to assess these claims and the original empirical evidence collected. The thesis fills in several empirical and theoretical lacunae in knowledge. Empirically, the study draws on multiple comparative case studies from Bulgaria and Romania, two problematic yet diverging cases in terms of absorption performance, during the 2007-2013 implementation period. These countries first experience in managing and implementing SF provides empirically rich insights. Theoretically, this thesis offers a more nuanced account of the governance of CP and SF in CEECs. It builds and refines the concept of administrative capacity as well as several political factors (stability, support and clientelism) in order to examine the complexity and problematic issues surrounding SF absorption. Insights on CP governance, administrative capacity-building and the impact of politicisation at the national and local level are outlined and discussed. The main argument put forward in this thesis is that the variation in absorption performance is generated by the interplay between administrative and political conditions. In other words, the way in which administrative and political factors have interacted has shaped the ability of the two countries to govern EU Cohesion Policy and influenced their performance in absorbing EU funding. This argument is developed in line with several key findings. First, administrative capacity is a necessary but not sufficient condition for countries to deliver effectively CP. Second, political conditions can facilitate or hinder the development of national administrative capacities and have often influenced the different stages of the absorption policy process. The thesis highlights the need to critically reflect on the overall dynamics between structural administrative arrangements and domestic political conditions, in order to advance our understanding of how EU policies are governed and implemented at the national level. Finally, the thesis formulates several recommendations, for the different stakeholders involved, on how to facilitate the delivery of SF in order to improve cohesion and development in Europe.
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Sabbion, Davide Maria Giovanni <1997>. « Central bank digital currency : a regulatory perspective on the future payment instrument in the European Union ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21175.
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In recent years the economy has seen an expansion of various methods of payment, more and more digital possibilities are offered to customers in order to pay their bills at stores, restaurants or simply when they are shopping on Amazon at home. The digital world is taking over not just the single phases of the transaction, but also the means itself behind that said transaction. Digital currencies are, in fact, no longer an abstract concept or futuristic tool, they became a reality. For this reason central Authorities, such as the ECB, can no longer disregard the matter, but should develop their own digital payment instrument. With this paper we are going to address how the issuance of a central bank digital currency will affect the current EU regulation system and which changes should be made to the normative framework.
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Szarek, Patrycja. « Corruption and legal methods of fighting it : the European Union policy towards the Central and Eastern European countries before and after the accession ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29390.
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The fight against corruption emerged as one of the most significant issues during the 2004 enlargement and gained even more importance with the accession of Romania and Bulgaria in 2007. This thesis examines the European Union (EU) policy against corruption in the context of the accession of the Central and Eastern European countries in 2004. Its prime objective is to illustrate the differences between EU policy towards existing Member States and the candidate countries in this area. The thesis outlines the legal bases and historical development of the EU anti-corruption framework, and goes on to show that the enlargement process has profoundly transformed this policy framework. It analyses how the fight against corruption became one of the EU membership criteria and explains that accession policy forced the EU to create new institutions and mechanisms to address the problem of corruption within the candidate countries. The thesis also argues that the experience gained by the EU in the 2004 accession led to a more robust anti-corruption stance during the accession of Bulgaria and Romania and will have implications for any future enlargements of the EU. However, the thesis further points at the limited nature of the anti-corruption framework that applies to existing Member States and argues that it does not respond to the urgent need to enhance anti-corruption standards within the EU. The thesis suggests that the EU should use the experience gained within the pre-accession process to develop a more coherent framework that would promote higher anti-corruption standards among Member States.
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Scott, Jonathan M. « Northern Ireland and Hungarian manufacturing industry : an examination of the effects of accession of central and eastern European countries to the European Union ». Thesis, University of Ulster, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274029.
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Sobotova, Alena. « « Breaking news » dans la relation de l'UE aux médias ? Correspondants permanents des nouveaux Etats membres à Bruxelles (2004-2014) ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/258777.
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La thèse étudie les interactions entre les correspondants bruxellois et leur milieu de travail.Elle adopte une perspective centrée sur les acteurs. Comment l’arène bruxelloise structure et est structurée par les pratiques et représentations des correspondants issus des Etats ayant adhéré à l’Union depuis 2004 ?L’étude de cette partie du corps de presse permet de comprendre les dynamiques à l’oeuvre dans la relation entre l’Union européenne et les médias.Les correspondants des nouveaux Etats membres proviennent des contextes socio-politiques et médiatiques marqués par le passé (post)communiste. Ils trouvent à Bruxelles un univers professionnel qui peut constituer à la fois un modèle de référence, mais aussi une source de déstabilisation. En même temps, ils peuvent contribuer à certains remaniements enclenchés par les élargissements. Deux larges hypothèses sont proposées. L’une conçoit les correspondants des nouveaux Etats membres comme des révélateurs des dynamiques propres au milieu bruxellois. L’autre les perçoit plutôt comme des sources de changement. Le corpus principal est constitué des entretiens semi-directifs avec les correspondants et d’autres acteurs de la sphère de communication bruxelloise. Des périodes d’observation complètent les entretiens. Ces données sont interprétées grâce à une analyse qualitative de contenu conjuguée à certaines techniques discursives. En ressort un constat d’une triple normalisation. La socialisation aux réalités de l’UE contribue à la banalisation de l’ordre politique européen. Le statut de membre de ces Etats est pris pour acquis. Enfin, on observe une routinisation du travail des correspondants issus des pays nouvellement entrés. Leurs spécificités réelles et imaginées perdent d’acuité.ENGLISH ABSTRACT :The thesis analyses the ways Brussels press corps interacts with its work environment. Our goal is to understand how Brussels ‘milieu’ structures and is structured by practices and representations of media correspondents from New Member States (from 2004 onwards). The political, social and media contexts of these countries are potentially marked by their (post)communist past. Coming to Brussels may provide an opportunity for these journalists to reassess their behavioral and cognitive schemes. Thus, looking at this specific part of the press corps enables us to grasp the dynamics of European socialization and the relationship between the European Union and the media. Along with correspondents’ adaptation, we are also interested in discovering any transformations caused or facilitated by the arrival of these new players to Brussels. Two large hypotheses are formulated. In the first one, New Member States’ correspondents adapt to the specificities of Brussels arena. The second one is depicting them as a source of change. Our main empirical corpus is composed of interviews with correspondents and other actors of the Brussels communication sphere. Interviews are complemented by periods of observation. The resulting data is interpreted using qualitative content analysis together with some discourse analysis techniques. Our results point to a triple normalization. Exposition to Brussels reality leads to a banalization of European political order, general acceptation of membership status of newly joined countries and a routinization of their correspondents’ practices. Both imagined and tangible specificities of New Member States’ correspondents have diminished. Those players are not perceived as significantly distinct from the rest of the press corps.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Holmberg, Andreas, et Christoffer Bengtsson. « Portugal and the European Monetary Union. : Investigating an alternative interest rate development using the Taylor Rule ». Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-17173.
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The objective of this study is to investigate how the development regarding the short-term nominal interest rate in Portugal would have differed from that set by the ECB 1999-2011 in a situation where they did not enter the European Monetary Union. To do this, we use the Taylor rule, which incorporates economic activities such as inflation and output and how these deviates from their target. Constructing the Taylor rule, we estimate its reaction functions using an Ordinary Least Square Regression on annual data from the period 1988-1998. The reaction functions serve as weights on the deviations for inflation and output. The result reached is that the interest rate set by the ECB since 1999 is far below that interest rate required by the Portuguese economic situation. Further, we discuss how the influence in the setting of the ECB interest rate differs considering the member countries size.
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Donnelly, Shawn. « Explaining commitments to the European Central Bank : the interaction of voter opinion and institutional arrangements in France, Germany and Spain ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0016/NQ55323.pdf.
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del, Barrio Arleo Maria Cecilia. « Accommodating diversity in the EU Banking Union : The Single Supervisory Mechanism and the quest for supervisory consistency ». Doctoral thesis, Università ; degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/259175.
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After decades of political and technical efforts to supranationalise prudential regulation at the EU level, a key step to bridge the gap between rule-making centralisation and its decentralised implementation has been the establishment of the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM). In spite of its major accomplishments, the SSM faces a key challenge: achieving supervisory consistency in essentially diversified euro area banking systems.
This dissertation identifies the building blocks of supervisory consistency and the sources of diversity inherent in banking supervision; it also distinguishes internal from external dimensions of consistency, which correspond to national and banking diversities, respectively. Drawing on the qualitative analysis of official documents, speeches, public hearings, and interviews with national and supranational supervisors, banks, banks associations, and EU institutions, the research examines the relationships shaping the balance between consistency in integrated markets and diversity, by focusing on the SSM’s prudential and regulatory competences. It first traces and compares the evolution of supervisory governance through literature- and empirically-driven governance indicators and their conceptualisation. It then analyses the changing nature of the supervisory instruments beyond the hard-soft law dichotomy. The German and Italian cases are used to test the capacity of the supranational supervisor to accommodate diversity, and illustrate how different supervisory styles have emerged over time.
This study argues that centralisation, methodological standardisation, and the development of non-binding policy documents are important for the achievement of consistent results. However, the effectiveness of supranational law and its enforcement by the European Central Bank involve fundamental trade-offs: a more limited local autonomy, institutional overlap, communication and transparency concerns from banks, and legitimacy issues arising from supervisory instruments, can compromise the system. Nonetheless, thanks to its resources and privileged Banking Union-wide position, the SSM is well-placed to strengthen sensitivity to diversity in order to manage the current transformation of traditional banking paradigms.
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Pitoňáková, Lívia. « Think-tanks and Their Role in the New EU Member States : Czech and Slovak Experience ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-1094.
Texte intégralRésumé :
V práci jsou analyzovány kořeny, vývoj, současné postavení, hrozby a výzvy think-tanků v České a Slovenské republice. Srovnání s jejich tradicí ve Spojených státech zkoumá přenositelnost amerického "modelu" think-tanků do střední a východní Evropy. Tento přenos je značně omezený a krátkodobě nerealizovatelný vzhledem k rozdílným legislativním podmínkám a nerozvinuté filantropii. Zvláštní pozornost je věnována motivům k vytváření regionálních i mezinárodních sítí think-tanků. Práce vychází jednak z dosavadní literatury na toto téma, jednak z dotazníkového šetření.
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Pitoňáková, Lívia. « Think-tanks-and Their Role in the New EU Member States:Czech and Slovak Experience ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-14353.
Texte intégralRésumé :
V práci jsou analyzovány kořeny, vývoj, současné postavení, hrozby a výzvy think-tanků v České a Slovenské republice. Srovnání s jejich tradicí ve Spojených státech zkoumá přenositelnost amerického "modelu" think-tanků do střední a východní Evropy. Tento přenos je značně omezený a krátkodobě nerealizovatelný vzhledem k rozdílným legislativním podmínkám a nerozvinuté filantropii. Zvláštní pozornost je věnována motivům k vytváření regionálních i mezinárodních sítí think-tanků. Práce vychází jednak z dosavadní literatury na toto téma, jednak z dotazníkového šetření.
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Tallis, Benjamin Caradoc. « A moveable east : identities, borders and orders in the enlarged EU and its eastern neighbourhood ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-moveable-east-identities-borders-and-orders-in-the-enlarged-eu-and-its-eastern-neighbourhood(f9fc2304-54a1-4750-b4e8-dae84c65e07f).html.
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This thesis explores EU borders and bordering in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) in the context of the 2004 EU enlargement, the 2007 extension of the Schengen zone and the 2004 Eastern Dimension of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) that, in 2009, was upgraded to the Eastern Partnership (EaP). The thesis links borders with identities and governing orders to argue that while the EU has successfully included, inter alia, Czechs and Poles, it has excluded Ukrainians sufficiently to impact negatively on their lives and on the achievement of EU goals in the neighbourhood. The de-bordering and re-bordering inherent to enlargement, Schengen, ENP and EaP have (partially) displaced CEE borders from traditional locations at state frontiers. Bordering activities still take place within the supposedly borderless Schengen zone as well as at external frontiers with neighbouring states, but the EU has also exported border practices onto the territories of its neighbours. These processes prompted the questions addressed in this thesis: where, how, why and with what effects the EU makes its borders in CEE. An analytical framework – the ‘Borderscape’ – is developed to explore the complex manifestations of post-frontier bordering and to understand its socio-political, spatial and temporal underpinnings, and the consequences that EU bordering has for identities and subjectivities, order and governance in CEE. The borderscape encompasses border features, bordering discourses and bordering practices, which are constituted by EU and national governmental actors, border security and law enforcement agencies, by civil society actors and the people who move and dwell in the region. The borderscape is tailored to the regional particularities of CEE, with specific reference to processes of post-communist transition, EU accession and the EU’s engagement with its neighbours, specifically Ukraine. The findings of the research are based on extensive, interpretive fieldwork conducted in the Czech Republic, Poland and Ukraine. The thesis shows the various sites, forms and functions of contemporary EU bordering that comprise a diverse yet connected border archipelago stretching from the Schengen interior into the Eastern neighbourhood. The EU’s bordering discourses are shown to be plural and often contradictory: notions of freedom, security and justice and the desire to benefit from sharing these with Central and Eastern Europeans are juxtaposed with narratives of fear, suspicion and narrow-minded self-interest. The EU’s Europeanised bordering practices, including Risk Analysis and the protection of both borders and migrants, have enhanced mobility for EU-Europeans (such as Czechs and Poles) who now share in the highly desirable form of order that it has created. However, the EU has also restricted mobility for Ukrainians, who are still seen as ‘Eastern-Europeans’. The borderscape betrays the EU’s internal crises of identity and confidence, which has had psycho-social exclusionary effects on Ukrainians and contributed to the politico-strategic crisis in the Eastern Neighbourhood. However this analysis also points to ways that the EU can address these issues.
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Baimbridge, Mark. « The economic relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union : an examination of Britain's membership of the European Union, focusing upon the single market, optimum currency area theory, the convergence towards EMU and central bank independence ». Thesis, University of Bradford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.649268.
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Labondance, Fabien. « Essai sur l'Union Monétaire Européenne ». Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00677022.
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Afin de répondre au questionnement général de cette thèse qui traite de la viabilité de l'union monétaire européenne, ce travail est divisé en trois parties. Dans la première, nous analysons notre objet d'étude à un niveau méta. Nous montrons ainsi que l'architecture institutionnelle de la zone euro est axée sur la stabilité monétaire sans proposer formellement des mécanismes d'ajustement aux chocs. La deuxième partie s'intéresse à la question de la synchronisation des économies européennes par l'intermédiaire de deux essais. Nous montrons que d'importantes hétérogénéités demeurent. La troisième partie analyse des questions relatives à la transmission de la politique monétaire. Cela se réalise avec deux essais qui montrent d'une part que la transmission de la politique monétaire dans la zone euro a été fortement perturbée par la crise des subprimes et, d'autre part, que l'influence de la BCE sur les actions des marchés européens est faible. Cette thèse insiste par conséquent sur le caractère incomplet du processus d'intégration économique et monétaire européen et sur sa nécessaire réforme.
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Seiter, Corina. « Vergleich historischer Währungsunionen und Zentralbankensysteme als Lehrstück für die Europäische Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion / ». Berlin : Dissertation.de, 2002. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009800656&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Aghaie, Joobani Hossein. « Meta-Geopolitics of Central Asia : A Comparative Study of the Regional Influence of the European Union and the Shanghai Co-operation Organization ». Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-100397.
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Central Asia has been the focal point of intense geopolitical power struggle throughout history. At the dawn of the 21st century, Central Asia has undergone major changes as the European Union and the China-led Shanghai Co-operation Organization have emerged as two normative powers, both seeking to influence the patterns of security governance in the region. This study aims to delve deep into ‘the black boxes’ of the EU’s and China’s foreign policies toward five CA republics. It starts from the premise that the bulk of research on Eurasian politics tend to concentrate mostly on realist and traditional geopolitical doctrine, which seem to have failed to properly explain the normative and ideational transformations that have taken place in the region as a result of the presence of these two emerging normative agents. By interweaving both realist and constructivist theories of International Relations (IR) into a new all-encompassing analytical framework, termed “meta-geopolitics”, the thesis seeks to trace and examine how geopolitical as well as normative components of the EU and Chinese regional strategies have affected the contemporary power dynamics in the post-Soviet space. I argue that, in contrast to the geopolitical struggle during the 19th and 20th centuries, a clash of normative powers is brewing in the region between China, under the aegis of the SCO, and the EU. The research also concludes that China has relatively been in a better position in comparison to the EU to render its policies as feasible, effective and legitimate to the Central Asian states.
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Kuokstyte, Ringaile. « Engagement par émulation des pays baltes en matière d’aide : une mise en perspective par rapport aux pays de Visegrád et l’étude de cas lituanienne ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010289.
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La thèse a pour objectif principal de contribuer à l’étude des déterminants de l’engagement des pays donateurs en matière de développement. En constatant une progression universaliste dans la recherche de tels déterminants, qui consiste à identifier des variables indépendantes communes pour l’ensemble des bailleurs de fonds, la thèse est partie pour défier cette recherche tout en l’enrichissant. Le défi renvoie à l’étude de cas spécifique de l’engagement balte en faveur de l’aide. Il s’agit d’un défi pluriel, empirique comme méthodologique. Sur le plan empirique, c’est un contexte historique particulier des pays baltes, celui de l’adhésion à l’UE et l’obligation de contribuer aux efforts de la communauté des bailleurs de fonds européens, qui est à noter. De repères méthodologiques font défaut en raison du manque de données et de recherche systématique sur le sujet. La thèse propose de neutraliser les biais qui peuvent en résulter en mettant l’engagement balte en perspective par rapport aux pays de Visegrád, disposant de l’expérience en matière d’aide étrangère de l’époque d’avant 1989. En dépit du manque d’une expérience propre, le trio balte affichent des efforts en faveur des populations plus démunies à la hauteur des pays de Visegrád. L’engagement en ressort comme une réalité sociopolitique complexe, dépassant le registre incrémental et la contrainte de l’UE. Il s’affirme à l’échelle européenne comme un processus d’émulation intergouvernementale. Un ancrage social de ce processus relève pourtant moins d’une croyance absolue en ce qui est adéquat que d’un effort raisonné de ne pas se distinguer parmi ses pairsThe dissertation aims to contribute to the research on determinants of the commitment of donor countries in the area of development aid. Given the progress of a universalist approach towards studying these determining factors (an approach aiming to identify common independent variables for the donor community as a whole), the dissertation takes the position of challenging the current research while, at the same time, enriching it. The main challenge, empirical as well as methodological, lies within the choice of a specific case study, which is the commitment of the Baltic states. Empirically, the specificity of the Baltic countries relates to their historical context, that is, their accession to the EU and their obligation to contribute to the efforts of the European donor community. Yet another specificity relates to the lack of relevant data and systematic research on the subject. Considering the biases which may result from this state of play concerning the Baltic countries, the dissertation frames their commitment in a comparative perspective with regard to the Visegrad Four, which possess relevant experience from the pre-1989 period. Despite the lack of their own national experience, the Baltic states deploy efforts akin to those of the Visegrad countries. Hence, their commitment reveals itself as a complex sociopolitical reality, determined by factors other than incrementalism or the EU’s pressure. The commitment appears as a process of intergovernmental emulation. A social nature of this process is however less linked to an unconditional belief in what is considered to be appropriate than to a reasoned effort not to stand out among one’s peers
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Martínez, Galán Enrique. « The eastern enlargement of the European Union and the cohesion countries : commodity composition of trade in manufactures and trade potential ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/626.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Mestrado em Economia e Estudos EuropeusIn order to evaluate the trade potential of the Cohesion Countries (CC) with the remaining EU11 countries in the threshold of the eastern enlargement of the European Union, as well as with the CC relations with the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC), we use a gravity model. The manufacturing trade potential related to the twenty-five countries involved in the eastern enlargement of the EU15 is hence calculated from 1999 to 2002. Special attention is paid to this enlargement's effect on the CC within this approach. Relatively to previous studies with this same methodological approach, this dissertation is, to the best of our knowledge, the first combining a trade potential based on the gravity model with the inclusion of a variable related to the Commodity Composition of Trade (CCT) in terms of manufactures. Several CCT variables were tested for the available data, taking into consideration high levels of disaggregation. Finally, having in consideration the latest academic debate in course, we analysed and tested all the methodological contributions recently proposed in the literature as regards to the improvement of the econometric specification of the gravity model, namely making use of the Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood Estimator. The refinement of the explanatory variables considered in the analysis, specifically those related to the distance measurement, as well as the introduction of new variables, were also taken into consideration.
Com o intuito de avaliar o potencial de comércio existente entre os Países da Coesão e os restantes países membros da UE15 no limiar do alargamento desta última a leste e, de igual forma, entre os PC e os denominados como Países da Europa Central e Oriental (PECO), fazemos uso de um modelo gravitacional. Assim, o potencial de comércio em termos de manufacturas relacionado com os vinte e cinco países envolvidos no processo do alargamento a Leste da UE15 foi calculado, nesta dissertação, no que diz respeito ao período que medeia entre 1999 e 2002. Neste contexto, especial atenção foi colocada nos efeitos específicos deste alargamento nos Países da Coesão. Relativamente aos estudos prévios que fazem uso desta mesma abordagem metodológica, esta dissertação é, segundo a nossa percepção, a primeira a combinar o cálculo do potencial de comércio, tendo por base um modelo gravitacional, com a inclusão, neste último, de uma variável relativa à Composição do Comércio em Manufacturas (CCM). Vários indicadores da CCM foram, a este respeito, testados a partir dos dados disponíveis e fazendo uso de níveis detalhados de decomposição. Finalmente, aprofundar-se-á o debate em curso, quer em termos empíricos, quer em termos académicos, através da análise e teste das mais recentes contribuições propostas no que diz respeito à melhoria da especificação econométrica do modelo gravitacional, nomeadamente com recurso ao Pseudo-estimador de Máxima Verosimilhança do Tipo Poisson. O refinamento das variáveis explicativas consideradas na análise, especificamente aquelas relacionadas com a mensuração da variável distância, e a introdução de novas variáveis foram igualmente abordadas.
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Payo, António Crespo Martins de San. « Como salvar o Euro ? A atualidade das propostas de Keynes em Bretton Woods ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14828.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos EuropeusNo início dos anos 40, Keynes formulou um esquema para uma união monetária (UM) internacional a adotar no pós-guerra. A prioridade máxima era desenvolver uma construção institucional capaz de ultrapassar aquilo que considerava ser uma incapacidade histórica de alcançar uma situação duradoura de equilíbrio económico mundial. Décadas mais tarde, surgiria outra construção institucional que alguns autores comparam à UM pensada por Keynes: a União Monetária e Económica da União Europeia (UEM). Apesar da sua elaborada arquitetura institucional, esta não conseguiu prevenir a acumulação de desequilíbrios macroeconómicos e a eclosão da chamada ?crise das dívidas soberanas?, cujas repercussões se estendem até aos dias que correm e podem constituir uma ameaça para a viabilidade do euro. Neste trabalho propomos analisar a estrutura da UM pensada por Keynes, bem como a estrutura e os problemas atuais da UEM, de modo a dar resposta às duas questões-chave seguintes: podem as ideias propostas por Keynes em Bretton Woods ajudar a uma redefinição do euro capaz de prevenir o seu colapso? E caso tal redefinição seja impossível, existe alguma alternativa ao projeto de moeda única que se aproxime da UM pensada por Keynes e que possa vir a ser aplicável no plano europeu?
In the early 1940s, Keynes started working on a plan for an international currency union (CU) to be adopted in the post-war world. His major priority was to develop an institutional construction that would allow overcoming what he considered to be a historical inability to achieve a sustainable situation of global economic equilibrium. A few decades later, another institutional construction would emerge: The Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (EMU). Many authors have stressed the similarities between the EMU and Keynes's CU. Despite its complex institutional design, the EMU wasn't able to prevent the accumulation of severe macroeconomic disequilibria and the outbreak of the so called European sovereign debt crisis, whose effects are at present still a cause of concern. In this work, we analyse the structure of Keynes's CU, as well as the structure and current issues of the EMU, in order to provide an answer to the two following key questions: can the ideas underlying Keynes's proposal at the Bretton Woods Conference help redefine the euro in a way that would make it more resilient? If not, is there an alternative to the single currency project that comes into line with Keynes's CU and may be applicable at European level?
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Braun, Benjamin. « Central bank agency and monetary governability in the euro area : governing through money, trust, and expectations ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209141.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Aiming to speak to broader debates about the nature of state power in relation to the economy this thesis concentrates on central bank agency and monetary governability. More specifically, it focuses on a single case: The agency of the European Central Bank (ECB) and the making, unmaking, and re-making of monetary governability in the euro area from 1999 through 2014. This choice is motivated by the euro area representing a unique ‘natural experiment’ in establishing monetary governability from scratch under conditions of 21st century financialised capitalism. The thesis is divided into two parts. Chapters one and two develop an original analytical and conceptual framework for the study of central bank agency. Starting out from the premise that governability is not a natural feature of the economy but needs to be actively established, I argue that any attempt to answer the question of the ECB’s role in that process has to account for the fundamental hybridity of central bank agency both as a central bureaucratic authority and as a bank, as well as for its multidimensionality as it addresses different governability challenges posed by different audiences. It is on the basis of these inductively won observations that I embrace the theoretical vocabulary of performativity, conceptualising governability as a performative effect of the interactions between the ECB and its audiences. The arrangements that govern these interactions are described, using a Foucauldian concept, as ‘apparatuses’. On that basis, the second part of the thesis comprises three empirical chapters on the financial apparatus of monetary policy implementation, the communicative apparatus of expectation management, and the ideological apparatus of monetary trust. The sixth chapter brings the analysis of the three apparatuses up to date by focusing on three key episodes from the recent financial and economic crisis.Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Dufresne, Anne. « Les stratégies de l'euro-syndicalisme sectoriel : étude de la coordination salariale et du dialogue social ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210769.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The main contribution of my thesis is the analysis of substantial empirical material that I have collected from Community trade union actors. My analysis focuses on the institutional strategies of the sectoral European trade union federations and their implications for the Europeanisation of wages policy. I have demonstrated that the development of European coordination processes of national collective bargaining, particularly at sectoral level, has contributed to reviving the concept of collective bargaining and professional relations in the European Area, which until then had been covered in the literature by the social dialogue. I have identified three obstacles to collective negociations at a European level: the “depoliticised” wage in the economic partnership, employers identified as the “lobby partner” in the sectoral social dialogue, and the difficulties encountered in the Europeanisation of trade unions.L’apport majeur de notre thèse est l’analyse d’un matériel empirique conséquent que nous avons collecté auprès des acteurs syndicaux communautaires. Notre analyse se concentre sur les stratégies institutionnelles des fédérations syndicales sectorielles européennes et sur leurs implications en matière d’européanisation de la politique salariale. Nous avons démontré que le développement des processus de coordination européenne des négociations collectives nationales, en particulier au niveau sectoriel, peut contribuer à renouveler la conception de la négociation collective et des relations professionnelles dans l’espace européen jusqu’alors appréhendée dans la littérature par le dialogue social. Nous avons identifié trois obstacles à la négociation collective européenne :le salaire « dépolitisé » dans le partenariat économique, le patronat devenu « partenaire-lobby » dans le dialogue social sectoriel, et la difficile européanisation syndicale.
Doctorat en sciences sociales, Orientation sociologie
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Vavříková, Andrea. « Kritická analýza měnové politiky EU a její dopad na státy v eurozóně ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223740.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou měnové politiky v Evropské unii, respektive v Evropské měnové unii. Samotnému vzniku Evropské měnové unie předcházelo dlouhé období integračních procesů a je spojováno se dvěma mezníky. Prvním mezníkem byl vznik Evropské centrální banky, která představuje jednu z nejdůležitějších institucí a je zodpovědná za provádění jednotné měnové politiky v eurozóně. Druhým důležitým momentem bylo zavedení společné evropské měny, eura. Navzdory podstatným obchodním výhodám spojených s přijetím eura se brzy ukázalo, že jednotná měnová politika nemusí vyhovovat všem zemím kvůli jejich odlišným ekonomickým potřebám a schopnostem, které vyžadují různou měnovou politiku. Tato práce se soustředí na současnou ekonomickou situaci v eurozóně se zvláštním důrazem na otázku dluhové krize.
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Simões, Marco Paulo Ventura. « Do Cáspio para o mundo : as trocas comerciais de bens do Cáucaso e Ásia Central ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13428.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos EuropeusAs transações comerciais são uma parte das relações sociais entre os homens. Ao longo dos tempos, os países organizaram-se social, e economicamente e procuram diferentes parceiros comerciais com vista ao aumento da sua riqueza e do seu bem estar, nomeadamente através das trocas de produtos. Se no século XX, o espaço europeu era a maior zona económica, neste século, outras zonas geográficas ganharam protagonismo nas trocas comerciais de bens, nomeadamente a China e o Sudeste Asiático e mais recentemente o Cáucaso e a Ásia Central. O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar as trocas comerciais de bens das antigas repúblicas soviéticas (definidas pelo FMI como Cáucaso e Ásia Central) com o resto do mundo, a Rússia, a UE-28 e Portugal, tendo por base os dados obtidos da Comtrade Database da ONU no período 2004-2013, assim como demais relatórios realizados por instituições públicas e privadas.
Business' transactions are a part of social relations between men. Over time the countries have organized themselves socially and economically and look for different trading partners looking for an increasing their wealth, majority through the exchange of products. If in twentieth century, the European area was the largest economic zone, in this century, other geographical areas gained prominence in trade, like China and Southeast Asia and more recently Central Asia. The aim of this work is to analyze the trade in goods of the former Soviet republics (defined by the IMF as the Caucasus and Central Asia) with the world, Russia, the EU-28 and Portugal, based on the data obtained from Comtrade UN Database in the period 2004-2013 and other reports from public and private institutions.
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