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1
Raza, Werner. « The WTO – a driving force for the liberalisation of public services in the EU ? » Transfer : European Review of Labour and Research 14, no 2 (1 janvier 2008) : 277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890801400208.
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Liberalisation of public services can be implemented not only through autonomous legislative action by individual countries, but also as a consequence of obligations arising from membership of supranational or international organisations. This article analyses how the process of the commodification of services at the level of the WTO, i.e. via the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), interacts with the politics of trade and services liberalisation in the European Union. Thus, we highlight the specific role of services negotiations in the WTO for the political dynamics of liberalising public services in the EU. Our conclusions highlight three specific functions of the GATS agreement: first, it serves as an institutional mechanism to ‘lock-in’ liberalisations achieved at a national or European level, secondly, it exercises a disciplinary effect on national regulation, and, thirdly, it provides an additional platform for the application of forum-shifting in the politics of international trade.
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Larçon, Jean-Paul, et Corinne Vadcar. « Belt and Road in Ethiopia and China’s African Ambition ». China and the World 04, no 02 (17 mai 2021) : 2150007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2591729321500073.
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China–Ethiopia economic cooperation in the period of 2000–2020 is marked by the convergence between the industrial policy of Ethiopia, the orientations of the Forum on China–Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), and the infrastructure development strategy which is the cornerstone of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). China, the largest foreign investor in Ethiopia during this period, has had a major role in terms of investment and financing in the energy sector and the transportation infrastructure: Addis Ababa Airport, roads, railway, seaport terminal, and gas pipeline. The flagship project — the Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway — connecting Addis Ababa to Djibouti City and Djibouti’s Doraleh Container Terminal, inaugurated in 2018, provided landlocked Ethiopia with a good connection between the hinterland and the seaport: the economic corridor accounts for more than 95% of Ethiopia’s foreign trade. The development of Ethiopian Industrial Parks on the model of Chinese Special Economic Zones (SEZs) was the second pillar of the strategy of development of an export-oriented manufacturing sector. Chinese companies operating in Ethiopian Industrial Parks in the textile and leather industries have been pioneering this activity contributing to Ethiopia’s participation in the Global Value Chains (GVCs). Ethiopian government is also planning the development of agro-industrial parks specialized in added-value agricultural products such as coffee or cut flowers exported to Europe via Addis Ababa Airport and Ethiopian Airlines Cargo. Ethiopia’s main challenges in that direction are the necessity to go up the value chain to further penetrate European markets and, most likely, to identify the products or services which could be integrated into the African markets in the new context of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement that entered into force in January 2021.
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Wang, Guiguo, et Rajesh Sharma. « The International Commercial Dispute Prevention and Settlement Organization : A Global Laboratory of Dispute Resolution with an Asian Flavor ». AJIL Unbound 115 (2021) : 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2020.82.
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The Second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation announced the establishment of the International Commercial Dispute Prevention and Settlement Organization (ICDPASO) in 2019. The ICDPASO was coordinated by the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade and the China Chamber of International Commerce, together with industrial and commercial organizations and legal service agencies from over thirty countries and regions including the European Union, Italy, Singapore, Russia, Belgium, Mexico, Malaysia, Poland, Bulgaria, and Myanmar. It was launched on 15 October 2020. As its title indicates, ICDPASO's mandate to provide dispute resolution services is not confined to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries but includes resolving any disputes that the parties entrust to its jurisdiction. The ICDPASO aims to serve as a “legal hub” to resolve commercial and investment disputes effectively, efficiently, and practically. Unlike other multilateral dispute resolution forums, it is intended to provide an Asian-centric multilateral dispute resolution forum. This essay, the first on the subject of the ICDPASO, discusses how the ICDPASO can serve as a global laboratory for experimenting and innovating in dispute resolution with the potential to impact the landscape of international law, in particular its innovative use of mediation, good offices, and appeal processes to prevent and resolve disputes arising from the BRI. As BRI projects aim to establish infrastructure and digital connectivity within BRI countries and regions for trade and development, this essay argues that the dispute resolution process under the ICDPASO should take into account the overall development of a country or region. The essay concludes that the ICDPASO will be a game changer by introducing an Asian way of resolving disputes.
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Odinokova, Tatyana. « Tourism cluster as a form of innovation activity ». Economics ecology socium 3, no 2 (20 juin 2019) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.2-1.
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Introduction. At the moment, innovation development is among key priorities in the development of Latvian economy. According to European Innovation Scoreboard assessment, Latvia joined the group of Moderate Innovators in 2016. However, its level of innovation effectiveness only reached 54% of the average EU index. That said, it has to be noted that enterprises that are innovation active in the service industry only account for 23.4%. In view of this, diverse forms of innovation activity and clusters in particular, have become more and more relevant. In 2006 European Competitiveness Council defined clusters as one of nine priorities aimed to promote and develop innovations. According to the European Commission, clustering is a key factor for successful innovation and enhanced competitiveness.
Aim and tasks. The subject matter of this article are tourism clusters as a type of innovation activity.
Results. Scientific research as well as practical experience of a number of countries have shown that cluster approach in tourism business is an effective instrument to enhance competitiveness both nationwide and at the level of an industry.At the present time, entrepreneurs are facing serious difficulty in converting ideas into new products and services. This is true of the national economy as a whole as well as particular industries. That said, the primary objective is the development and implementation of a program aimed at the cooperation of a wide range of social partners involved in innovation activity, who are capable of facilitating the enhancement of economic effectiveness.
Conclusions. The development of tourism sectoris regarded as a priority of Latvian economy. According to Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia, tourism is a major factor of Latvia’s economic development, an important source of export revenue, and a key factor of GDP growth. The development of Latvian tourism industry is part and parcel of global tourism market. Latvia has a strong potential for the development of business and health tourism. However, Latvia’s climate, its geographic position and the lack of world-famous architecture have an unfavorable effect on its tourism development opportunities. This is the reason why it is essential for Latvia to spur innovative activity in tourism industry with a focus on clustering. Creation of new clusters in tourism industry, such as business tourism cluster as an example, as well as the implementation of formerly declared goals related to the existing clusters, will help to meet some of the objectives.
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Garrone, Paola. « Network subscription and services usage in European telecommunications industries ». Information Economics and Policy 8, no 1 (mars 1996) : 25–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6245(95)00011-9.
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Lehmann, Klaus-Dieter. « European National Libraries and the CoBRA Forum of the EU Libraries Programme ». Alexandria : The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 8, no 3 (décembre 1996) : 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574909600800302.
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The Conference of European National Librarians (CENL), conscious of its responsibility both to preserve and to provide access to books and information in an increasingly electronic world, is involved in two extensive European Commission (EC) programmes to serve these ends. These are managed by a Forum of eight national libraries. The first is CoBRA (Computer and Bibliographic Record Actions), which established four task groups to study respectively improved European bibliographic services, user needs for bibliographic products, networked record distribution and re-use, and promotion of data sharing. Three new task groups are looking at new models for bibliographic services, networked national bibliographic services, and the long-term availability of electronic publications. A new programme called CoBRA+ is due to run through 1996 and 1997; as well as continuing CoBRA work it is widening its focus to include collection-based services, with emphasis on resource sharing, user needs and the use of communications networks. There are two main task groups, one concerned with the area of metadata and bibliographic access, the other with electronic publications and digital resources, including legal deposit and storage. Eight specific projects, ranging from networking name authority files to the development of a new relationship between publishers and national bibliographic agencies for the control of electronic publications, are briefly described.
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van Ark, Bart, Robert Inklaar, Robert H. McGuckin et Marcel P. Timmer. « The Employment Effects of the ‘New Economy’. A Comparison of the European Union and the United States ». National Institute Economic Review 184 (avril 2003) : 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0027950103184001008.
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This paper provides an analysis of the trends in labour productivity and employment growth at industry level in the European Union and the United States during the 1990s. We analyse relationships for groups of industries, i.e. industries that produce ICT products and services, those that invest strongly in ICT, and those that make less intensive use of ICT. The main findings are that the inverse relationship between employment and productivity growth has been much more prominent in manufacturing industries than in services industries. Secondly, during the 1990s, this relationship has turned positive in many industries, in particular in ICT-producing industries and in ICT-using industries in the service sector. Finally, the employment-reducing effects of productivity growth have remained considerably stronger in Europe than in the US.
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Kovács, Levente, et Sandor David. « Fraud risk in electronic payment transactions ». Journal of Money Laundering Control 19, no 2 (3 mai 2016) : 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-09-2015-0039.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is the timely review of regulations on the security of electronic payments, payment innovations and their vulnerabilities and discussing the recommendations elaborated by the European Forum on the Security of Retail Payments. Design/methodology/approach First, the article presents a serious fraud case which happened in the Hungarian banking system. This case demonstrates all risks associated with the security of payment channels being used. Next, the article examines those international SecuRe Pay Forum recommendations which target the elimination of such fraud risks. Finally, the article compares current domestic regulations with these recommendations. Findings The fraud incidents and the speed of penetration of new fraud techniques and methods caught the attention of payment service providers, customers, supervisors and overseers. The result of their cooperation is the European Forum on the Security of Retail Payments. The forum elaborated three sets of recommendations on security of Internet payments, payment account access services and mobile payments, which are missing elements of the present Hungarian and pan-European regulations. Both domestic and international regulators should build on the revised Payment Services Directive and the recommendations in question, to avoid fraud incidents like the one this article initially portrayed. Originality/value The article presents a specific, true case which took place in Hungary in 2014.
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Wyszkowska‑Kuna, Joanna. « Productivity Performance of the Service Sectors in European Union Countries ». Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 22, no 4 (30 décembre 2019) : 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cer-2019-0029.
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Economic development has resulted in structural transformation towards economies based on services, which has raised some concerns about the limited opportunities for sustaining productivity growth. The aim of this paper is to examine total factor productivity (TFP) growth in the service sector in comparison with total industries and the manufacturing sector, as well as within the service sector. The study is based on the data from the EU‑KLEMS database (2017), and it covers the years 1995–2015. It refers to EU countries, making it possible to carry out a comparative analysis between countries, in particular between the ‘old’ and ‘new’ member states. The study demonstrates that productivity growth in services was significantly lower than in manufacturing, but compared with total industries, the disparity was not significant. Productivity growth was usually higher in the ‘new’ EU countries than in the ‘old’ ones, except for information and communications services, which, on the whole, were the main driving force behind the productivity growth in services.
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Parkhomenko, I. I. « THE CONCEPT OF CULTURAL AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES IN THE EUROPEAN ACADEMIC FIELD AND POLICIES OF THE EU AND GREAT BRITAIN ». UKRAINIAN CULTURAL STUDIES, no 1 (2017) : 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/ucs.2017.1.16.
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Current European integration course in Ukraine requires rethinking Ukrainian scientific and policies meaning of the cultural sphere as the set of cultural industries, which produce and distribute goods or services with special cultural value, irrespective of the commercial value they may have. According to the main UN Resolutions, UNESCO Conventions and legal activity of the European Commission since 90th of XX century cultural assets are considered to be - an instrument and resource of economic, cultural and social sustainable development of states, cities and regions. New conditions require scientific methods for modelling Ukrainian cultural industries, identification of the priority industries. Besides the concept of cultural industries European scientists and governmental officials, use the concept of creative industries, especially, for the policymaking. All that show the need for clarification of these concepts in Ukrainian scientific field and policies making practice for governmental purposes. The purpose of this article is to study the meaning of the concepts of cultural and creative industries according to the European scientific discourse and policies making documents in the EU and the UK. The article shows that modern European scientists do not use the tradition of critical interpretation of the cultural industry, which was offered by representatives of the Frankfurt School in the mid-twentieth century. Scientists improve concepts to identify the sphere of culture as an economic reality, which is reflected in the specific governmental documents of the UK, the EU and UNESCO for policies making to improve sustainable development. The models of cultural and creative industries offer a logic of distinction according to the basis of the value component: the output of the creative activity has utility that is more functional for the consumers; it could be a component of the production of other industries, not only cultural industries. Cultural output has cultural value. The purpose of the creative industries is to produce goods and services for the commercial trade. Cultural industries produce cultural content, which embodies or conveys cultural expressions.
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Chichkanov, Nikolay. « Patterns of Knowledge-Intensive Business Services Use Across Europe ». Foresight and STI Governance 16, no 1 (30 mars 2022) : 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2022.1.22.33.
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This paper examines the structure and the relevance of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) consumption for different industries. The research is based upon the analysis of national input-output tables for European countries presented in the last release of the World Input-Output Database (WIOD). The dataset allows for the identification of both the largest and the most intensive sectoral users of KIBS among different manufacturing, market services, and all other industries. The results confirm that the KIBS subsectors are very heterogeneous; patterns of consumption substantially differ across the six different types of KIBS that the data distinguish. It is suggested that these differences may be explained by the existence of specific synergies between each type of KIBS and some of the consuming industries.
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Dunn, Peter. « Developing support service for victims of hate crime ». Temida 7, no 3 (2004) : 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0403003d.
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This article describes the nature and development of Victim Support?s services to victims of hate crime in England and Wales. It provides definitions of hate crime, information about its extent, and considers why services for victims of some forms of hate crime have developed faster than others. It concludes with a summary of points made during a discussion at the 2004 European Forum for Victim Services conference about whether or not services to victims of hate crime should be provided by mainstream victim services or specialist agencies.
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Lechman, Ewa. « Changing Patterns in the Export of Goods Versus International Competitiveness. A Comparative Analysis for Central-East European Countries in the Period 2000–2011 ». Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 17, no 2 (10 juillet 2014) : 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cer-2014-0014.
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This paper discusses the existing links between changing patterns in the export of goods, broken down by technology-intensity, versus intrenational competitiveness. The study covers nine Central-East European (CEE) economies: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and the Slovak Republic, in the time span 2000-2011. We examine the hypothesis of a strong, positive and statistically significant relationship between flows of export of high-tech and ICT manufactures industries goods, and an economy’s level of international competitiveness (approximated by the Global Competitiveness Index - GCI, see: World Economic Forum). Our methodological approach relies on elaboration of each country`s individual export patterns with regard to industries of different technology-intensities, and statistical analysis between the international GCI variable and variables identifying shares in total export of certain industries. Contrary to what was initially expected, our empirical results do not seem to support the hypothesis on statistically positive links between growing shares of high-tech and ICT manufactures industries in the total value of export versus the Global Competitiveness Index in the analyzed countries.
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Jacobi, Otto, et Judith Kirton-Darling. « Creating perspectives, negotiating social Europe ». Transfer : European Review of Labour and Research 11, no 3 (août 2005) : 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890501100305.
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In this introduction to the eight reports on different sectoral dialogues, the coordinators of this issue provide an inventory of the different forms of social dialogue in the EU. It is argued that trade unions have hitherto made insufficient use of the opportunities offered by social dialogue but that the sectoral social dialogue offers a forum for unions to cooperate with employers to develop policies to safeguard Europeanised industries. Two fields of action are identified as being particularly suitable for Europe-wide campaigning: common rules for the European labour market, including a European minimum wage system, and a ‘citizens insurance’ to sustain social security systems.
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Lautenberg, Alexis P. « Developing Trade in Services ». National Institute Economic Review 250 (novembre 2019) : R30—R33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795011925000114.
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Executive SummaryServices are simultaneously the most important sector of the UK economy and the sector facing the biggest challenge as a result of Brexit. The prospective departure from the European Single Market reduces the UK to the status of ‘3rd country’ in respect of services. Accessing the internal market will depend on both subjective and objective conditions that differ from sector to sector, requiring detailed and highly specific arrangements for such industries as aviation and financial services.In practice, the EU can be expected to use these circumstances to discourage the UK from significantly diverging from European regulatory norms, as a matter of policy. In view of the weakness of, and uncertainty surrounding, international moves to oversee, let alone to further liberalise, trade in services, Brexit will thus leave the UK's services sector – and especially financial services – uniquely isolated and exposed. The government will hence need to consider carefully the costs of decisions to diverge from EU regulatory standards, and should be giving great priority to establishing clear objectives for close cooperation between the UK and the EU policy makers and regulators.
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Pina, Vicente, Lourdes Torres et Patricia Bachiller. « Service quality in utility industries : the European telecommunications sector ». Managing Service Quality : An International Journal 24, no 1 (7 janvier 2014) : 2–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/msq-03-2013-0034.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the economic and technological factors that determine the quality of European telecommunications services. The paper test whether the privatisation, the efficiency and the labour factor of telecommunications operators are determinants of service quality and whether competition, technology and infrastructure investment in the telecommunications sector influence that quality. Design/methodology/approach – The paper use the panel data methodology to analyse the factors that determine the quality of service of telecommunications. Findings – The results indicate that the more efficient the company is, the more quality it will deliver. However, the paper finds no evidence that the privatisation and the restructuring of the labour force of the main telecommunications operators, or the competition, technology and investments in the sector, lead to greater quality. Practical implications – In order to foster higher quality, effective market competitiveness has to be established to avoid benefitting the incumbent company and to make the development of competition possible in the long run. Originality/value – Although previous literature assumes a positive relationship between the performance of privatised companies and quality, this study shows that the privatisation and liberalisation processes do not bring about quality improvements by themselves. The research finds that the efficiency of privatised companies is the primary source of quality.
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Barth, Fabian. « Forum : A New Scope for the ‘Debt Collection’ Carveout as a Post-Brexit VAT Quick Fix ? » EC Tax Review 32, Issue 1 (1 janvier 2023) : 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2023005.
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Following Brexit, the United Kingdom (UK) legislature is in principle free to amend UK Value Added Tax (VAT) law as it deems appropriate, without having to have regard to European Union (EU) Directives. Using the ‘debt collection’ carveout of the VAT exemption for financial services as an example, the author explores whether there is a case for Post-Brexit ‘VAT Quick Fixes’ in the UK. VAT, Exemptions, Brexit, Debt Collection, Financial Services
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Demarigny, Fabrice. « The Forum of European Securities Commissions (Fesco) : an Answer to the Needs of a European Single Market for Financial Services ». Revue d'économie financière (English ed.) 60, no 5 (2000) : 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecofi.2000.4509.
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Goldan, Michael. « European Maritime Research : Objectives, Organization, Content, and Parallels with the NSRP Programs ». Journal of Ship Production 17, no 03 (1 août 2001) : 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2001.17.3.119.
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Research and development (R&D) is a strategic issue for the European maritime industries, which at the brink of a new millennium are facing various challenges such as maintaining a competitive edge against worldwide competition, responsible exploitation and management of marine resources and combining competitiveness and profitability with care for safety and environment. Recognizing the benefits resulting from coordination of R&D efforts for both industry and European Union, the Maritime Industries Forum (MIF) established in December 1994 a R&D Co-ordination Group, which took upon itself to develop a R&D Master Plan setting thereby a reference for maritime research in the years to come. The paper addresses the various aspects of the European Maritime Research with respect to objectives, organization and content, highlighting the initiatives undertaken by the maritime industries in setting R&D objectives and programs, in particular the work of COREDES, the R&D Committee of CESA (Committee of European Shipbuilders Associations). The paper further addresses the EU Fifth Frame Programme and its references regarding Maritime R&D, in particular Key Action 3 (Land Transport and Maritime Technologies) and some of the instruments for facilitating R&D activities, and gives the main lines of R&D areas and issues. Parallels between European maritime research and the U.S. NSRP programs based on available information are drawn showing the differences and commonalities between the two programs. Finally, the paper highlights the emerging contours of the EU Sixth Frame Program and suggests possible areas for future cooperation in maritime research between U.S. and Europe.
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Branca, Teresa Annunziata, Barbara Fornai, Valentina Colla, Maria Ilaria Pistelli, Eros Luciano Faraci, Filippo Cirilli et Antonius Johannes Schröder. « Industrial Symbiosis and Energy Efficiency in European Process Industries : A Review ». Sustainability 13, no 16 (16 août 2021) : 9159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169159.
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Over the last few decades, process industries have invested increasing efforts in developing technical and operating solutions related to industrial symbiosis and energy efficiency in both production processes and auxiliary services. In particular, new technologies that enable industrial symbiosis, such as novel treatment processes for byproduct extraction and valorization, water purification, and energy transformation, were implemented in different sectors. This work analyses recent relevant results in the implementation of industrial symbiosis and energy efficiency solutions within process industries across Europe, based on the transactions of energy and material flows. Current developments, based on the circular economy’s transformation levers and related achieved results, were taken into account by considering the achieved results coming from the literature, EU-funded projects, programmes, and initiatives on the implementation of technical solutions and practices related to industrial symbiosis and energy efficiency. In addition, the most relevant challenges deriving from the implementations of industrial symbiosis and energy efficiency were analysed. A comprehensive picture of the sectors involved in achieving more proactive cross-sectorial cooperation and integration was provided, as well as an analysis of the main drivers and barriers for IS and EE implementation in future scenarios for European process industries.
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Duverger, Philippe. « Crowdsourcing innovative service ideas ». Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology 6, no 3 (19 octobre 2015) : 228–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhtt-10-2014-0063.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how negatively worded innovative ideas can be rejected during a crowdsourcing event sponsored by a service firm via an online forum. The goal of an ideation forum is to collect user-generated content in the form of ideas for new products or services. An ideation forum attempts to clarify the “fuzziness” on the front-end of new product development. Design/methodology/approach – A 2 × 2 (satisfied/dissatisfied customers and negatively/positively worded ideas) experiment replicates the effect of mood-incongruent interactions within ideation forums and measures the likelihood for an idea to be buried or selected on the basis of its merit rather than its negative/positive wording. Findings – The results demonstrate that mood-incongruent interactions have different effects on different groups of participating customers. Negatively worded innovative ideas are rated lower by satisfied customers, despite their superior merit. Research limitations/implications – The nature of the experiment shows a high validity, but lacks in reliability. Thus, future research should attempt to replicate this experiment on a larger scale and across different industries. Practical implications – In an open forum where thousands of customers can give a thumbs’ up or down to an idea, merit should prevail over mood-congruency. If the crowdsourcing mechanism cannot be trusted, it puts the burden back on the firm’s review team to promote or review any downgraded innovative idea, which ends up being counterproductive. Originality/value – These findings shed light on the hidden aspect of crowdsourcing when the aim is to find unique, if not radical, ideas for services. Thus, hoteliers and other hospitality and tourism managers should use these findings to design better ideation forums.
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Smith, Rachael Craufurd. « Balancing Culture and Competition : State Support for Film and Television in European Community Law ». Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 10 (2008) : 35–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000001257.
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Although the european Community Treaty does not contain a specific chapter or article dedicated to the audiovisual sector, European Community law has had a significant impact on the way in which Member States regulate their film and television industries. Given the commercial nature and international reach of many media goods and services this should not be surprising, but Community oversight has here been particularly controversial because of the importance ascribed to cultural and political considerations. This article examines how such considerations have been accommodated within the European Community legal system and the impact that Community law has had on domestic audiovisual policies in practice. It focuses on those measures introduced by states to support their domestic film and television industries and to ensure that domestic audiences have access to films and television programmes that are culturally relevant and meaningful.
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ERJAVEC, Hana Šuster, Tanja DMITROVIĆ et Petra POVALEJ BRŽAN. « DRIVERS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND LOYALTY IN SERVICE INDUSTRIES ». Journal of Business Economics and Management 17, no 5 (27 octobre 2016) : 810–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2013.860614.
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The relationship between customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and their antecedents, service output quality, quality of staff, corporate image, and price perception, is examined in the context of three service industries: use of the highway infrastructure, mobile telephone services, and hairdressing services. The research model was empirically evaluated for a large sample of respondents from a Central European country, using structural equation modelling. The results indicate that the four antecedents affect customer loyalty, and customer satisfaction acts as a mediator in all three service industries. However, the strength of the relationship between the constructs varies markedly across the industries, implying that competitive environment importantly determines the elements of service offering that lead to satisfaction and loyalty in a particular industry. The research findings contribute to a better understanding of which behavioural mechanisms and factors are a viable basis for increasing customer retention in a specific market structure. Managerial implications are discussed, and policy recommendations are offered.
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Doroshenko, Tatiana, et Svitlana Shybirina. « Analysis of export potential of ukraine in the context of european integration ». Problems of Innovation and Investment Development, no 24 (24 avril 2021) : 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33813/2224-1213.24.2021.4.
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European integration opens wide opportunities for Ukraine to cooperate with developed European countries, strengthening its position in the international arena. Export potential is the potential ability of a country to export goods or services. Exports of goods and services to EU countries in 2020 were $ 21.9 billion (37.1% of total exports), including exports of goods – $ 18.6 billion, exports of services – $ 3.3 billion. Compared to 2019, exports of goods to EU countries de- creased by $ 2.1 billion (10.3%). The export structure is dominated by agriculture products, the food industry (35%), and the metallurgical complex (16.7%). The greatest exporters of Ukrainian goods were the following EU countries: Poland ($ 3.3 billion or 6.71% of total exports of goods), Germany ($ 2.1 billion or 4.27%), Italy ($ 1.9 billion or 3, 86%), the Netherlands ($ 1.8 billion or 3.66%), Hungary ($ 1.3 billion or 2.64%), Romania ($ 1.1 billion or 2.24%). The analysis of the export potential of Ukraine shows the raw material structure of exports. Integration into the EU market as a raw material supplement is dangerous for the country because it can consolidate technological dependence on developed countries. Increasing the share of goods with a high level of processing increase the stability of export income. Promising areas of exporting activity are science-intensive industries: electronics, production of automation, technical means for non-traditional types of energy, new types of materials, biotechnology, etc. To transition Ukraine to the exporting of knowledge-intensive innovative products and successfully enter world markets, the Export Strategy of Ukraine (Roadmap for Strategic Trade Development) has been developed, which identifies the following promising sectors: information and communication technologies, software development, creative services, tourism, maintenance and repair of aircraft, production of spare parts and components for the aerospace and aviation industries, mechanical engineering, food industry. Sectors are grouped into clusters. An individual sectoral strategy is developed for each sector. Key words: export, export potential, European integration, goods, competitive advantages, market, sector.
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Kuipers, Jan-Jaap. « Towards a European Approach in the Cross-Border Infringement of Personality Rights ». German Law Journal 12, no 8 (1 août 2011) : 1681–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200017491.
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Globalization has led to the emergence of broadcasting services and books aimed at a global audience. Authors of books, journals, and articles have gained readers worldwide. Due to the Internet, the spreading of ideas on a global level has never been easier. The other side of the coin is that authors run a risk of being exposed to civil proceedings in many jurisdictions. What is considered to be proactive journalism, or a provocative academic comment in some jurisdictions is considered to be libel or defamation in others. We speak of “libel tourism” when defamation proceedings are brought in a forum that has only vague connections to the case, but happens to be very plaintiff-friendly.
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Burnete, Sorin. « Industries in Central and Eastern Europe. Enhancing Competitiveness by Integrating Services into Manufacturing ». Human and Social Studies 4, no 1 (1 mars 2015) : 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hssr-2015-0003.
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Abstract During the last two decades, the intra-industry trade between western companies and former socialist enterprises in Central and Eastern Europe gradually shifted from the subcontracting of marginal operations such as final assembly to the outsourcing of products and intermediate inputs. To further enhance their competitiveness, firms in Central and Eastern Europe have yet to take one more step forward: integrate services with manufacturing. Developing such capabilities hinges, aside from intensive training and learning on the existence of functional interactive knowledgebased innovation systems. Whereas Central and East European economies exhibit conspicuous weaknesses in this last respect, they still possess a countervailing advantage that is apt to lure foreign investors into the region: lower wage rates relative to western countries across all industries and skill levels. Offshoring therefore seems to be the most appropriate means to reconcile the two sides of the coin.
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Wyszkowska-Kuna, Joanna. « Financial Services Input as a Source of Economic Growth in the European Union Countries ». Przegląd Statystyczny 63, no 3 (30 septembre 2016) : 289–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1210.
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The aim of this paper is to study and compare the importance of intermediate demand for financial services for the growth of production in the European Union countries. In the study the methodology introduced by Jorgenson et al. (1987) is used. This assumes that changes in the production (in real terms) result from changes in intermediate inputs of raw and manufacturing materials and services, as well as in factor inputs (labour and capital) and in total factor productivity. The advantage of this method is the ability to calculate the contributions of different components of intermediate inputs (including service inputs – total or with respect to particular service categories) to production growth in the whole economy and in individual industries. The study is carried out with respect to financial services, but their contribution to economic growth is compared with the contribution of knowledge--intensive business services that have been already recognized as affecting economic and productivity growth. The data used in the study come from the World Input-Output Database. The analysed period covers the years 1995–2009, owing to the availability of relevant data.
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de Graaf, Pim, Danica Rotar Pavlič, Erika Zelko, Marga Vintges, Sara Willems et Lise Hanssens. « Primary care for the Roma in Europe : Position paper of the European forum for primary care ». Slovenian Journal of Public Health 55, no 3 (1 septembre 2016) : 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjph-2016-0030.
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Abstract Roma populations’ low health status and limited access to health services, including primary care, has been documented in many European countries, and warrants specific health policies and practices. A variety of experiences shows how primary care can adjust its practices to reduce the barriers to primary care for Roma populations. At local level, establishing collaboration with Roma organisations helps primary care to improve mutual relations and quality of care. Mediation has proved to be an effective tool. Skills training of primary care practitioners may enhance their individual competences. Research and international sharing of experiences are further tools to improve primary care for the Roma people.
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Lamm, Kevan, Chandler Mulvaney, Alexa Lamm, Kristin Davis et Fallys Masambuka-Kanchewa. « Model of Success : Extension Services Helping Ugandan Youth Find A Career in Agriculture ». Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 28, no 3 (15 avril 2021) : 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2021.28301.
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As the world continues to experience a population boom amidst growing food insecurity concerns, the need for well-trained and competent youth in agriculture-related industries is on the rise in Sub-Saharan African countries, specifically Uganda. With 78 percent of Uganda’s population below the age of thirty, the number of unemployed and unskilled workers presents a challenge to a country that relies heavily on jobs within the agricultural sector to thrive. Due to the increased number of unskilled youths, extension-based services such as the National Agriculture Advisory Services (NAADS) and the Uganda Forum for Agricultural Advisory Services (UFAAS) are needed to connect with youth organizations to provide training and direction for those seeking careers in agriculture. This study sought to better understand the phenomena of competency development through various communication channels used to facilitate leadership development and agricultural literacy within a youth organization known as Nokia Farming Agricultural Innovation Platform (NOFAIP). A single instrumental case study was conducted to assess the career preparedness of youth within the NOFAIP group and opportunities that exist for employment within agriculture-related industries. Results found that upon receiving training from UFAAS, the NOFAIP group had increased their credibility amongst Ugandan farming communities and supported the growth of agricultural competencies, such as soil testing, using backpack sprayers to spread fertilizers, and managing citrus groves. Through hands-on experiences and engagement with appropriate training, the NOFAIP group established communication channels that were critical to experience personal growth and the invigoration of an entrepreneurial spirit within agriculture.
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Fernandes, Rui, Carine Bruyninx, Paul Crocker, Jean-Luc Menut, Anne Socquet, Mathilde Vergnolle, Antonio Avallone et al. « A new European service to share GNSS Data and Products ». Annals of Geophysics 65, no 3 (12 juillet 2022) : DM317. http://dx.doi.org/10.4401/ag-8776.
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This paper describes the new GNSS data and product services that have been developed within the context of the EPOS (European Plate Observing System) European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC), which is part of the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures. These services, optimized for Solid Earth research applications, endeavour to harmonise, and standardise Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data collection and processing. They have been implemented by the members of the GNSS Data & Products (EPOS-GNSS), one of the Thematic Core Services (TCS) of EPOS with the active support of national and pan-European infrastructures (in particular the Regional Reference Frame Sub-Commission for Europe (EUREF) of the International Association of Geodesy). The optimized use of data from dozens of diverse European GNSS networks, installed not specifically for geodynamic studies, created additional requirements from an organizational and technical point of view, the solutions for which we describe in this article. The data flows from data suppliers and analysis centers to the various TCS Data & Product Portals are described, as well as their integration into the overall EPOS system. This is made through GLASS (GNSS Linkage Advanced Software System), a dedicated software package developed since 2016, whose architecture and functionalities are detailed here. Time series and other GNSS products computed at the several analysis centers are described as are the quality control steps that are performed. Finally, several user cases are presented that demonstrate how different stakeholders (from data providers to scientists) can benefit from the efforts being carried out by the EPOS- GNSS community.
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Węgrzyn, Grażyna. « The Service Sector of a Knowledge-based Economy – a Comparative Study ». Oeconomia Copernicana 4, no 1 (31 mars 2013) : 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/oec.2013.004.
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The study objective was identification of the service industries that determine the rate and lines of development of a knowledge-based economy. The analysis covered the EU member countries and the years of 2008-2012. This report consists of four sections. The first one provides the characteristics of a knowledgebased economy and describes the role of services sector in progressing towards this stage of development. The second section offers a classification of services that led to establishing the category of knowledge-based services. The industries classified as knowledge-based services contribute directly to the creation, processing and distribution of knowledge throughout an economy. The following part presents a division of the EU member economies into four groups, depending on their advancement towards the knowledge-based economy as defined by two indices: the Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) and the Knowledge Index (KI). The study concluded on empirical verification of the significance of knowledge-based services within individual European economies. In a knowledge-based economy, where knowledge is the key factor in gaining a competitive advantage, it is just the services related to knowledge acquisition, distribution and creation that drive the economic growth. The development level of service activities classified as knowledge-based services largely determines the economy’s performance in knowledge creation, distribution and use. This is so because these activities directly contribute to the economy’s competitive advantage based on knowledge.
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Prudnikov, I. A., et A. M. Rotar. « Improvment the competitiveness of the real estate agency services : 5 basic principles ». Entrepreneur’s Guide 13, no 1 (21 février 2020) : 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24182/2073-9885-2020-13-1-175-183.
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In the context of transformation of the service sector, many statements have already been made that the market of real estate services is waiting for an imminent demise and oblivion. However, the European and American market with its «saturation» of the market shows the opposite, the market of real estate services is also transformed and varies depending on the needs of customers. If initially real estate services operated on the principle of «buy-sell», now real estate agencies can help in renting an apartment, organize cleaning of real estate, provide services for maintenance of premises, etc. The market forces many service industries to change and the market poses new challenges to its participants. The article analyzes the current state of Affairs of real estate business, as well as practical examples of its development.
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Rega, Carlo, Maria do Rosario Partidario, Rute Martins et Giorgio Baldizzone. « The Potential of SEA in Fostering European Agriculture Policy and Strategies—Challenges and Opportunities ». Land 11, no 2 (21 janvier 2022) : 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11020168.
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Agriculture presents one of the central global pressures on biodiversity and climate. In the EU, the Green Deal, the Farm to Fork, and the Biodiversity Strategy 2030 set ambitious environmental targets, acknowledging the key role of agriculture for their achievement. It is, therefore, crucial to integrate such targets in the European Commission’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The CAP 2023–2027 will be implemented through the national CAP Strategic Plans, subject to Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). This presents an unprecedented opportunity to steer agriculture towards sustainability. This paper aims to elaborate the role of SEA in CAP Strategic Plans by identifying the links between the strategies mentioned above and SEA, learnings from previous SEA experience in Rural development programs, and collecting experts and stakeholders’ views on the topic. We maintain that SEA of CAP Plans should adopt a strategic approach rather than an impact-based one. Relying on the Critical Decision Factors, we exemplify how this approach can be applied to the key objective of reducing mineral fertilizers and chemical pesticides. We show how SEA could be pivotal in this regard and identify three enabling Critical Decision Factors: knowledge transfer, governance, and the need to bring industries into the forum.
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Pedrazzoli, Paolo, Marzio Sorlini, Diego Rovere, Oscar Lazaro, Pedro Malò et Michele Fiorello. « Challenges and Founding Pillars for a Manufacturing Platform to Support Value Networks Operating in a Circular Economy Framework ». Applied Sciences 12, no 6 (15 mars 2022) : 2995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12062995.
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Circularity is clearly a competitive advantage and a market opportunity for European industries. From this perspective, while digitalization is largely recognized as an accelerator and an enabler of Circular Economy, the fact that European industry is strong but fragmented (highly specialized medium- and small-sized companies have different needs and different tools) naturally results in the proliferation of commercial platforms for digitalized manufacturing. If such fragmentation is not properly addressed, it will eventually become a threat to European competitiveness. Despite some examples, value networks still do not operate in a seamless, transparent, and effective way. This paper addresses the challenges and the resulting technical funding pillars for an IDS (International Data Space) manufacturing platform meant to empower a fully digital circular thread of products and services.
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Mason, D. C., R. L. M. Arnold, R. E. Clark, T. E. Crowter, A. I. Johnston, S. M. Neil et A. N. Walton. « A consideration of book reserve schemes ». Journal of the Institute of Actuaries 121, no 3 (1994) : 491–559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020268100020291.
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AbstractWith the financial services industries in the member countries of the European Union coming under increasing attention resulting in relaxation of cross border controls, this paper addresses some pensions matters in this European context and how they may relate to the U.K. The main theme of the paper is the book reserve approach to pensions provision. Details of the German book reserve method are provided before developing possible ways in which this philosophy could be introduced into the U.K. These possibilities are assessed and consideration given to the effect they may have on the economy, commerce, the pension fund industry and, not least, the actuarial profession in the U.K.
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Asher, A. « NETWORK INDUSTRY REGULATION AND CONVERGENCE IN SERVICE DELIVERY : CHALLENGES FOR SUPPLIERS, USERS AND REGULATORS ». APPEA Journal 38, no 1 (1998) : 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj97054.
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The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) has competition and fair-trading law responsibility for Australian industries. It has gained regulatory responsibilities for third-party access to telecommunications, soon will become the national regulator of gas pipeline access under a legislated code developed by the jurisdictions and industry working in a common forum, and will progressively become the national regulator of electricity transmission.This paper describes the ACCC's concept of the term 'efficient incentive regulation', gives examples of government decisions on network industry operations to which it is relevant and describes the general approach the ACCC will take in applying that concept, to encourage competition, innovation, economic investment and fair dealing by suppliers with users.The paper describes the relevance of the rise of national product markets and convergence in the delivery of telecommunications, electricity and gas services to the types of decisions the ACCC and State-based regulators will have to take and places those decisions in the context of common issues in regulatory reform internationally. Regulatory decisions taken for one network industry may have particular positive effects if the underlying principles flow on to others.A necessary part of dealing with national industries is the coordination of regulatory effort where Commonwealth and State/Territory regulators are involved. There is the risk in Australia that separation of regulatory powers between jurisdictional and national levels may cause welfare gains to business, customers and the wider community arising from the industry reform process to be lost if there are shortcomings in communications between regulators, duplication of effort or inconsistencies in approach. The paper describes the current division of responsibilities; the potential of the Utility Regulators' Forum to coordinate regulatory effort; and indicates the potential for losses of welfare and economic efficiency if COAG principles of a national approach to regulation are not fully embraced.The paper discusses the range of tools available to deal with challenges arising from privatisations, from the entry of multinational players to network industries and from the implementation of competition policy reforms, drawing on concerns about network industries raised with the ACCC, and on the ACCC's broader complaints experience. Finally, the paper outlines the reasons for policy-makers to pay particular attention to shaping and bringing light-handed but effective regulation to the areas of the converging network industries where market power remains unconstrained by competition, and for regulators to coordinate their administration of the regulated areas of network industries so that the policy objectives of incentive regulation are realised, resulting in the industry, users and the community sharing in the benefits.
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Dózsa, Csaba, et Fanni Borbás. « Az integrált ellátás koncepcionális keretrendszere és az integráció lehetőségei az alapellátásban ». Orvosi Hetilap 156, no 22 (mai 2015) : 881–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2015.30157.
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Nowadays, several countries’ health governments have recognized that the complex treatment of chronic diseases, prevention and rehabilitation requires a new approach. This study presents the possible solution of integrated service delivery in health and other sectors. Furthermore, it shows how the integration of primary care services was implemented and how the integration of different levels of providers changes the organization of care. This study is based on an overview of the relevant international literature, as well as the 5th European Primary Care Forum. The comprehensive approach of integrated care and adaption of the needs of local communities encourage the development of new organizational forms and services in primary care. The integrated service forms are more suitable to satisfy the needs of patients and communities and provide wide range of services, but it is important to find the appropriate dimensions of integration which would fit our goals. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(22), 881–887.
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Antoniazzi, Sandra. « Transition to Circular Economy and Management of Public Services of General Economic Interest ». Central European Public Administration Review 19, no 2 (29 novembre 2021) : 45–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17573/cepar.2021.2.03.
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Purpose: The aim of this paper is to clarify the topic of the transition to circular economy, an expression of the European “Green New Deal”, which has several application consequences for the SGEI sector. Approach: The approach consists of examining the European policy framework, the most relevant consequences of the transposition of the 2018 waste directives for the domestic system, the new measures for local authorities and users, and the new “purpose” of the utilities industries based on sharing and environmentally friendly solutions. Findings: The study highlights the need for several practical adjustments in the implementation of circular economy: the necessary technological innovation requirements for industrial production, reforms of the national legal framework, and an inevitable wider cultural evolution. Publications concerning the transition to circular economy in relation to public services of the general economic interest sector are not numerous in law literature. Most of the existing documents and communications are provided by the European Commission and the analyses are based mainly on the guidelines of the new green policy and the specific EU legal framework. Academic contribution to the field and originality/significance/value: The paper adds to existing research focusing mainly on legal studies of the wider consequences for national utility policy and companies’ business plans, the role of local public authorities having direct powers that need reforms, and the position of consumers.
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Markiewicz, Joanna. « THE CHALLENGE OF SUPPORTING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES—SCOTTISH EXAMPLE ». CBU International Conference Proceedings 3 (19 septembre 2015) : 037–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v3.581.
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This article aims to explore the idea of the supporting system for creative industries, which plays a pivotal role in today’s economy. Creative businesses, which range from individual musicians to companies dealing with publications, demand special attention and tailor-made support services. Therefore, in this article, the analysis is carried out based on the information gained in an in-depth interview and the supporting system for creative industries, which have been functioning in Scotland and the main barriers in providing support services.As shown by the research, a problem exists regarding a proper classification of creative industries, which causes difficulties in measuring them. Moreover, lumping creative businesses with artists to the same group results in criticism from artist communities as they feel that art is no longer being supported, only invested. This piece of research is a part of a research project, which aims at comparing the systems for supporting creative industries in Szczecin and in Glasgow. The empirical approach will be enriched by the theoretical discourse on policies shaping the environment of creative industries. This article, therefore, provides important knowledge concerning building effective system for supporting creative industries, both for scholars and practitioners (managers of business support organizations and policy makers). This knowledge and experience are especially needed in central and east European countries, where the awareness about creative industries is very low.
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Demarigny, Fabrice. « Le Forum of European Securities Commissions (FESCO) : une première réponse aux besoins de régulation du marché unique des services financiers ». Revue d'économie financière 60, no 5 (2000) : 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecofi.2000.3651.
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Marco Colino, Sandra. « What Role for EU Competition Law in Regulated Industries ? Reflections on the Judgment of the General Court of 17 December 2015 Orange Polska v European Commission (Case T-486/11) ». Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies 9, no 14 (2016) : 265–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7172/1689-9024.yars.2016.9.14.13.
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On 17th December 2015, the General Court of the European Union (GC) confirmed a fine of over EUR 127 million imposed by the European Commission (hereinafter the Commission) on the Polish telecommunications company Orange Polska (hereinafter OP), formerly known as Telekomunikacja Polska. According to the fining decision, issued in 2011 (hereinafter the Commission decision), OP abused its dominant position by refusing access to its wholesale broadband services to new entrants, acting in contravention of Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).
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Barrado, Cristina, Mario Boyero, Luigi Brucculeri, Giancarlo Ferrara, Andrew Hately, Peter Hullah, David Martin-Marrero, Enric Pastor, Anthony Peter Rushton et Andreas Volkert. « U-Space Concept of Operations : A Key Enabler for Opening Airspace to Emerging Low-Altitude Operations ». Aerospace 7, no 3 (7 mars 2020) : 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace7030024.
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Opening the sky to new classes of airspace user is a political and economic imperative for the European Union. Drone industries have a significant potential for economical growth according to the latest estimations. To enable this growth safely and efficiently, the CORUS project has developed a concept of operations for drones flying in Europe in very low-level airspace, which they have to share that space with manned aviation, and quite soon with urban air mobility aircraft as well. U-space services and the development of smart, automated, interoperable, and sustainable traffic management solutions are presented as the key enabler for achieving this high level of integration. In this paper, we present the U-space concept of operations (ConOps), produced around three new types of airspace volume, called X, Y, and Z, and the relevant U-space services that will need to be supplied in each of these. The paper also describes the reference high-level U-space architecture using the European air traffic management architecture methodology. Finally, the paper proposes the basis for the aircraft separation standards applicable by each volume, to be used by the conflict detection and resolution services of U-space.
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Fayed, Hanaa, et John Westlake. « Globalization of Air Transport : The Challenges of the GATS ». Tourism Economics 8, no 4 (décembre 2002) : 431–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000002101298214.
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The impacts of globalization on national and international policy making processes are illustrated by an examination of the effects on air transport industries. Trends towards the liberalization of air transport activities have been noted in many countries, mainly, to date, those of developed or rapidly developing status. Specific demand and supply conditions affect the air transport industries, and a particular regulatory framework has grown up since the 1940s. The study examines trends towards the privatization of airline companies in the context of (a) the development of so-called global ‘alliances’ or ‘partnerships’ and (b) liberalization at regional level and within trade groups such as the European Union. The new challenges of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) are considered, especially in terms of how developing countries can develop appropriate policies in response to the forces of globalization, increasing liberalization and competition.
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Kukkonen, J., T. Klein, K. Karatzas, K. Torseth, A. Fahre Vik, R. San José, T. Balk et M. Sofiev. « COST ES0602 : towards a European network on chemical weather forecasting and information systems ». Advances in Science and Research 3, no 1 (7 avril 2009) : 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-3-27-2009.
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Abstract. The COST ES0602 action provides a forum for benchmarking approaches and practices in data exchange and multi-model capabilities for chemical weather forecasting and near real-time information services in Europe. The action includes approximately 30 participants from 19 countries, and its duration is from 2007 to 2011 (http://www.chemicalweather.eu/). Major efforts have been dedicated in other actions and projects to the development of infrastructures for data flow. We have therefore aimed for collaboration with ongoing actions towards developing near real-time exchange of input data for air quality forecasting. We have collected information on the operational air quality forecasting models on a regional and continental scale in a structured form, and inter-compared and evaluated the physical and chemical structure of these models. We have also constructed a European chemical weather forecasting portal that includes links to most of the available chemical weather forecasting systems in Europe. The collaboration also includes the examination of the case studies that have been organized within COST-728, in order to inter-compare and evaluate the models against experimental data. We have also constructed an operational model forecasting ensemble. Data from a representative set of regional background stations have been selected, and the operational forecasts for this set of sites will be inter-compared and evaluated. The Action has investigated, analysed and reviewed existing chemical weather information systems and services, and will provide recommendations on best practices concerning the presentation and dissemination of chemical weather information towards the public and decision makers.
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Prohorovs, Anatolijs, et Julija Bistrova. « Labour Share Convergence in the European Union ». Economies 10, no 9 (29 août 2022) : 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies10090207.
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The article examines the issue of labour share convergence between Western Europe (EU15) and Central and Eastern Europe (EU11). The results of our research show that for the period of 2009–2018, the convergence of labour share between the EU11 and the EU15 at the aggregate level was almost 40%. At the sectoral level, convergence of labour share between the EU11 and the EU15 occurred in three of the four main sectors—manufacturing, services, and construction—while there was a divergence in the trade sector. At the sectoral level, the highest level of convergence occurred in manufacturing—over 89.7%. In the service sector, the convergence of labour share was almost 45%, but this was mainly due to the fact that in the information and communication industry, the convergence was almost 87.8%. We have determined that for a number of sectors and industries there is an inverse relationship between the level of labour share and its dynamics, which influences the convergence of labour share between the EU11 and the EU15. We also determined that during the period under review, the level of convergence of labour share between the EU11 and the EU15 was five times higher than the level of convergence of the economy and ascertained the main reasons for the labour share convergence being higher than the economy convergence.
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Jain, Anuradha, Dirk Bruckmann, Rob E. C. M. van der Heijden et Vincent A. W. J. Marchau. « Towards rail-related multimodal freight exchange platforms : Exploring regulatory topics at EU level ». Competition and Regulation in Network Industries 20, no 2 (13 mai 2019) : 138–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1783591719847543.
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The use of online road freight transport exchanges (FTEs) in the EU-28 countries is widespread today, indicating a strong level of competition. Some exchanges attempt to distinguish themselves by developing new services, for example, warehousing services for logistics industries. In contrast, rail FTEs show a very low rate of success. Given the European Union policy goal on modal shift from road to rail and inland waterways for the next decade, there is a need to explore possibilities for improvement. This article, therefore, aims at specifying regulatory-, market-, technical- and operational success factors for implementing rail-based multimodal FTEs. It does so by exploring the success factors from established road FTEs and other successful network industries (energy and passenger transport) by performing a comparative analysis on the respective online exchanges. The theory on capability maturity development is applied, which assumes that actors engaged in a transition process steadily grow in terms of their capability to deal with various issues rising from the required transition goals. Based on the theory, a literature review and interviews, an initial capability maturity model (CMM) for FTEs is developed. Finally, learnings are summarized for the proposed multimodal FTE regarding rail and the regulatory topics for freight transport to serve as input for creating a generic CMM for online exchanges in subsequent steps of this research project. Similar research on maturity assessment of practices in online exchanges related to network industries could not be found.
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Knox, S. « EUROPA DONNA´s First MBC Advocacy Training Course ». Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (1 octobre 2018) : 177s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.30900.
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Background and context: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in European women and has the highest mortality of any cancer. Although women with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) are living longer today, in many European countries all their needs and rights to high quality care are not being met. In European countries, MBC services run the gamut from some of the best in the world to services so minimal and basic that most women who present with breast cancer already have MBC. Aim: To impart MBC advocates with the tools and knowledge to initiate and carry out best practice MBC advocacy programmes in their own countries and at the European level. Strategy/Tactics: 1) Provide simple, clear and scientifically sound information to MBC advocates and that ED National Fora can use effectively in their advocacy efforts; 2) Provide a forum in which members from a broad spectrum of European countries learn from one another through the exchange of ideas, experiences and best practices; 3) Provide expert presentations on important MBC topics with the ultimate aim of bringing every country to the level of MBC service described in the EU Guidelines, enhancing the public's knowledge of MBC and therefore reducing stigma surrounding the disease. Programme/Policy process: ED will invite MBC advocates from each of our 47 member countries to attend our 1st MBC Advocacy Training Course and all their expenses will be paid. The 2 1/2 day course will involve: Introductions of ED and participants. Scientific Lectures/Advocacy Skills: Experts will cover such topics as treatment of MBC and the European Commission Initiative on Breast Cancer. Professionals will discuss issues including breast cancer registries and insurance in Europe. ED trainers will share the latest developments from ABC4, the ABC Global Alliance and successful MBC advocacy strategies. A showcase will include MBC related videos and publications. Communication Skills Training Workshops: Three experienced trainers will conduct intensive workshops teaching practical presentation skills and assertiveness techniques. Trainees will be coached individually on handling various situations relevant to MBC advocacy. Participants will role-play to practice these skills. Course materials: A detailed course manual will be developed, distributed and discussed. Follow-up reports will be expected of course attendees to encourage the development of strong and sustainable MBC advocacy programmes. Outcomes: We expect to arm MBC advocates and, through them, ED Fora, with accurate, up-to-date information and proven strategies to lead their countries in advocating for improved MBC services and educating people about MBC. This will lead to improvements in MBC services and public health knowledge, reduce inequalities in MBC services and information provision among European countries, and reduce stigma of the disease at the country- and European-level. What was learned: The course will be held in September 2018.
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Shakina, Elena, et Angel Barajas. « The relationship between intellectual capital quality and corporate performance : An empirical study of Russian and European companies ». Ekonomski anali 57, no 192 (2012) : 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1292079b.
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The purpose of this research is to develop cost-effectiveness tools for the analysis of company?s intellectual resources, in terms of resource-based and value-based approaches. Our study focuses on the evaluation of intellectual capital methods to discover the drivers of company growth. We suppose that the potential effectiveness of intellectual capital resources varies according to different institutional factors. Several statistical methods will be used for the empirical issues in this research, including common cross-sectional and panel data analysis, and the instrumental variables method. The database collected for this purpose will consist of financial and economic indicators underlying the intellectual capital evaluation, such as strategic performance indicators (EVA? and FGV?). The dataset includes companies from different countries and industries according to the Knowledge Economy Index of the World Bank. The industries presented in the dataset are selected according to the predominance of several intellectual capital elements. The database includes financial services, wholesale and retail trade, machinery and equipment manufacture, the chemical industry, and transport and communications. As a result of the empirical research, we expect to answer the following questions: ? Is there a close relationship between intellectual capital quality and company performance? ? What are the external and internal factors affecting this relationship? (country, industry, company size, market dynamics, etc.)
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Tsimidou, Maria Z., Stella A. Ordoudi, Fani Th Mantzouridou, Nikolaos Nenadis, Tamara Stelzl, Michael Rychlik, Nastasia Belc et Claudia Zoani. « Strategic Priorities of the Scientific Plan of the European Research Infrastructure METROFOOD-RI for Promoting Metrology in Food and Nutrition ». Foods 11, no 4 (19 février 2022) : 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11040599.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The pan-European distributed Research Infrastructure for Promoting Metrology in Food and Nutrition (METROFOOD-RI) has evolved in the frame of the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) to promote high-quality metrology services across the food chain. The METROFOOD-RI comprises physical facilities and electronic facilities. The former includes Reference Material plants and analytical laboratories (the ‘Metro’ side) and also experimental fields/farms, processing/storage plants and kitchen-labs (the ‘Food’ side). The RI is currently prepared to apply for receiving the European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC) legal status and is organised to fulfil the requirements for operation at the national, European Union (EU) and international level. In this view, the METROFOOD-RI partners have recently reviewed the scientific plan and elaborated strategic priorities on key thematic areas of research in the food and nutrition domain to which they have expertise to contribute to meet global societal challenges and face unexpected emergencies. The present review summarises the methodology and main outcomes of the research study that helped to identify the key thematic areas from a metrological standpoint, to articulate critical and emerging issues and demands and to structure how the integrated facilities of the RI can operate in the first five years of operation as ERIC.
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Nevskaya, A. « European Union Building Strategic Value Chains : the Case of Battery Industry ». World Economy and International Relations 65, no 12 (2021) : 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-12-109-117.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article analyzes the EU’s experience in transformation of its industrial policy, which is designed to help the EU to overcome the gap with competitors in technology and innovation, as well as to set new standards for the functioning of industrial sectors in the conditions of greening and digitalization. The basic principles of building the strategic value chains are considered. The method of lifecycle analysis is used, as well as the theoretical basis of research on economic policy in new industries. Among the main principles on which support measures for new industries are based, we highlight the desire to ensure the legal and regulatory dominance of the EU, the desire for maximum transparency of business processes, the emphasis on the complex systemic effect for the entire European economy. The analysis of new projects implemented in the EU is conducted using the empirical base from the battery industry. The analysis includes the new instruments of industrial policy – Important Projects of the Common European Interest and others. An attempt has been made to assess the effectiveness of these mechanisms. It has been shown that the value-added chain of automotive batteries currently being built in the EU is not fully European, and dependence on suppliers of raw materials and services from third countries persists. The EU production spots are concentrated mostly in the middle parts of the value chain – like cell production and battery assembly. This configuration allows for regulatory opportunities in the industry, giving an advantage to European companies with extensive experience in measuring and reducing the climate footprint of their products. There are prerequisites for the involvement of a large number of small business players in the new chains and an increased diffusion of innovation. In addition, the EU is successfully addressing the challenge of demonstrating the potential of its Green Deal and increasing consumer confidence in new products.