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Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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1

Marine, Nicolas. « Landscape Assessment Methods Derived from the European Landscape Convention : Comparison of Three Spanish Cases ». Earth 3, no 2 (23 mars 2022) : 522–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/earth3020031.

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The implementation of the European Landscape Convention (ELC) at national and regional scales has brought with it the need to rethink landscape governance policies. In view of the disparity of possible methods for approaching landscape knowledge derived from the ELC, this article proposes the study of the three most ambitious landscape assessment methods developed in Spain at present. Specifically, those of Valencia, Galicia and Catalonia. Their study and comparative reading allow us to conclude that they have a similar structure imposed in part by the requirements of the Convention. Despite this, all three demonstrate a wide operational flexibility depending on the purpose of each one. As a derivative of the study, it is argued that a method seeking to fulfill both a sustainability and a public participation agenda would have to combine quantitative forms of socio-ecological assessment with a qualitative measurement of cultural appreciation of landscapes.
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Woźniak, Marta. « The European Landscape Convention with respect to the cultural landscape – a Polish perspective (Europejska Konwencja Krajobrazowa wobec krajobrazu kulturowego – perspektywa polska) ». Santander Art and Culture Law Review 8, no 1 (30 octobre 2022) : 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2450050xsnr.22.008.16398.

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The aim of this article is to address how the European Landscape Convention (ELC) defines the cultural landscape, and what tools the former provides for the latter’s protection. It is also crucial to determine, from the viewpoint of the Polish legal order, how the legislator implements the protection of the cultural landscape into national law. The general thesis of the article is that the ELC creates an integrated model of landscape protection in which the cultural landscape is considered an intrinsic component. The general thesis is accompanied by a detailed thesis that the ELC does not independently create an optimal level of protection for the cultural landscape, but rather shapes the direction that this protection will take. The ELC also defines the cultural landscape, including the mutual relations between natural and cultural values, as well as the perception of the landscape by people. The basic link for the protection of the cultural landscape in Poland is the municipality, which – with the help of planning and spatial development instruments – can directly affect the quality of the landscape. Legal tools for the protection of the cultural landscape should also be pursued in the matter of monument protection. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest odniesienie się do tego, w jaki sposób Europejska Konwencja Krajobrazowa (ELC) definiuje krajobraz kulturowy oraz jakie tworzy narzędzia jego ochrony. Kluczowe jest również ustalenie, z punktu widzenia polskiego porządku prawnego, jak ustawodawca implementuje ochronę krajobrazu kulturowego do prawa krajowego. Ogólna teza artykułu brzmi: ELC tworzy zintegrowany model ochrony krajobrazu, w którym krajobraz kulturowy jest traktowany jako jego nieodłączny element. Tezie ogólnej towarzyszy teza szczegółowa, że ELC nie tworzy samodzielnie optymalnego poziomu ochrony krajobrazu kulturowego, ale raczej kształtuje kierunek, w jakim ta ochrona będzie zmierzać. ELC definiuje również krajobraz kulturowy, w tym wzajemne relacje między wartościami przyrodniczymi i kulturowymi, a także postrzeganie krajobrazu przez ludzi. Podstawowym ogniwem ochrony krajobrazu kulturowego w Polsce jest gmina, która – za pomocą instrumentów planowania i zagospodarowania przestrzennego – może bezpośrednio wpływać na jakość krajobrazu. Prawne instrumenty ochrony krajobrazu kulturowego powinny być również poszukiwane w obszarze ochrony zabytków.
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Senetra, Adam, Monika Wasilewicz-Pszczółkowska et Elżbieta Grzelak-Kostulska. « The European Landscape Convention as a Tool for the Protection, Management and Planning of Landscapes ». Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i Prognozy 13, no 3 (27 octobre 2015) : 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.56583/br.738.

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Landscape protection and planning have attracted the attention of experts in many branches of science and industry. The growing interest in landscape management reflects concerns over environmental degradation that deteriorates the quality of life. Undesirable landscape changes result mostly from civilizational development, inappropriate land use and spatial planning. Further adverse landscape transformations should be prevented at local, regional and national levels. On 24 June 2004, Poland ratified the European Landscape Convention (ELC), which was opened for signature in 2000 in Florence (Italy ). The ratifying countries have committed themselves to enhance the quality of local landscapes which are the basic components of Europe’s natural and cultural heritage. Despite several attempts that resulted in the development of preliminary analytical reports, the Convention has not been implemented in Poland to date. For the Convention to be implemented, landscapes on Polish territory have to be identified and assessed. A systemized approach to landscape evaluation can provide a basis for creating landscape maps. This paper discusses selected methodological assumptions underlying landscape classification (typology ) and quality assessment, which could be used in the implementation process. The proposed method for assessing the esthetic value of landscape may become an integral part of landscape auditing, which is an important legal aspect of implementing the Convention. A landscape audit involves the identification of priority landscapes of particularly high scenic value.
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Giampino, Annalisa, Gloria Lisi et Filippo Schilleci. « Which Landscape for Which Community ? Opportunities and Pitfalls in the Application of the European Landscape Convention in Uncollaborative Context ». Sustainability 15, no 4 (14 février 2023) : 3486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043486.

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This article attempts to assess the various ambiguities in the application of the principles of the European Landscape Convention (ELC) in Italy and is divided into two main sections. In the first, a theoretical framework is constructed, analyzing the link between “environment”, “territory” and “landscape”. Attention is focused on the consequences that the different perspectives open up on both the value and operational levels, as well as dealing with attempts at definition. The idea of community is then questioned and some theoretical and practical challenges related to involvement and participation in landscape planning processes are analyzed. In the second part of the paper, the relationship between the city of Palermo (IT) and the Oreto River is taken as an extreme example in the theoretical argumentation and is examined from the perspective of development and current bottom-up practices. The aim of the research is to provide a divergent point of view on the concept of community and identity as this constitutes the foundation of the ELC definition of landscape, through an argumentation that is applicable in general and not only related to particular circumstances, in order to fully apply the ELC also in controversial and peripheral situations where landscape struggles to be accepted by local communities as a common good.
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Terkenli, Theano S., Tryfon Daras et Efpraxia-Aithra Maria. « Landscape Notions among Greek Engineering Students : Exploring Landscape Perceptions, Knowledge and Participation ». Land 8, no 5 (20 mai 2019) : 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8050083.

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The objective of this paper is to explore and critically analyze the basic notions of landscape and their change through time, among Greek engineering students, from all academically formative years of their undergraduate studies, at the Technical University of Crete. Specifically, it probes into their perspectives vis-à-vis the landscape at large and their everyday-life landscapes in particular, regarding their landscape perceptions, behavior, and education. This study takes place in two stages (2012 and 2017) and is placed in the context of continued scientific investigation into the interrelationships of various “publics” with various types of landscapes and landscape development ideas, perceptions, and preferences—and specifically those professionals-in-the-making who are bound to become key future agents in Greek landscape stewardship. Our aims serve the European Landscape Convention’s purposes of landscape research, education, and awareness-raising; they also cater to the need for geographically targeted place-specific application of the European Landscape Convention (ELC). Our findings reaffirm widely and long-held landscape notions, emphasizing the natural, the visual, and the aesthetic in landscape perception and conceptualization, but also point to landscape education deficiencies in the Greek educational system. These constitute significant findings in the context of the country’s efforts to lay out the blueprints for its future landscapes, by contributing to Greek lay landscape awareness and conscience building, but especially by informing future landscape-related professionals.
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Górka, Anna. « Visual Capacity Assessment of the Open Landscape in Terms of Protection and Shaping : Case Study of a Village in Poland ». Sustainability 12, no 16 (5 août 2020) : 6319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166319.

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This article describes the methodology and results of research on landscape visual capacity. The aim of the project was to develop a tool that would support planning and design decisions at the level of communal management in rural areas in Poland through systematic application of visual criteria. Their importance in the protection, management and shaping of space is underlined by the document produced at the European Landscape Convention of 2000 (ELC). To date, ELC recommendations have not been fully implemented in Poland. The author of the study used the methods of the Krakow School of Landscape Architecture in assessing cultural landscapes and referred to the assumptions of the British Landscape Character Assessment (LCA). The analysis was based on the results of a landscape identification conducted in a part of the Cekcyn commune. The assessment of visual capacity was conducted for the village of Nowy Sumin, located in that commune. The effect of the study is the classification of open landscapes with respect to the assessment of visual changes resulting from potential residential development. The results obtained prompt the conclusion that the applied method can effectively support local spatial planning as it takes national conditions into account.
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Serrano-Montes, José L., Emilio Martínez-Ibarra et Jonatan Arias-García. « How Does the Presence of Livestock Influence Landscape Preferences ? An Image-Based Approach. » Landscape Online 71 (1 juillet 2019) : 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.201971.

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The European Landscape Convention (ELC) emphasises that the public should be extensively involved in the processes of landscape protection, planning and management. In spite of the emerging interest in the relationship between animals and landscapes in the study of animal geography, little is known about the influence of the landscape-animal component on public aspirations and the values attributed to landscape. We conducted a survey in the form of an image-based questionnaire in order to evaluate the influence of certain animal species, in this case livestock, on landscape preferences. The results show that all grazing animals have a positive impact on landscape preferences, although some species seem more popular than others. The preference for scenes with animals decreases, however, when compared with scenes with other landscape features (vegetation, traditional buildings or water). Significant differences in preferences for scenes with animals were observed according to certain sociodemographic variables such as gender, familiarity with the landscape and direct involvement in livestock farming. Of the groups surveyed, livestock farmers showed the strongest preferences for the scenes with animals. The findings of this study can be applied within the citizen participation policies encouraged by the ELC, as well as in the protection, management and planning of rural landscapes in which livestock is an appreciable feature.
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Kyvelou, Stella Sofia, et Anestis Gourgiotis. « Landscape as Connecting Link of Nature and Culture : Spatial Planning Policy Implications in Greece ». Urban Science 3, no 3 (27 juillet 2019) : 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci3030081.

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The research paper investigates the diverse understandings of “landscape”, along with demonstrating the modes of contribution of the European Landscape Convention (ELC) of the Council of Europe (CE) in influencing national spatial planning systems. The paper, interested in considering the efficiency of landscape policy from a territorial perspective, briefly outlines the perception and understanding of landscape as connecting link of nature and culture and conducts a literature review with the aim to support the prospect of a «European model of landscape planning». Lastly, it critically examines the approach to landscape planning and management by the Greek state, revealing the catalytic role of the Council of Europe (CE) in activating the dimension of landscape in Greece, in a mutualistic perspective between environmental policy and spatial planning, mainly through strategic spatial planning tools (i.e., the Regional Spatial Plans, RSPs). The results point out that (a) the ELC gave new impetus to spatial planning in Greece, providing the tool to manage and coordinate landscape policy, positively influencing the evolving spatial planning paradigm; (b) the decentralized approach adopted, identified landscapes of particular value at a regional level, so as to be given priority in terms of the implementation of coordinated governance arrangements and management actions. However, the implementation of landscape policy continues to rely on the underlying spatial planning level (Local Spatial Plans, Special Spatial Plans) and a general conclusion is that both on land and on sea, it depends on the incorporation of evolutionary trends in planning including an evolutionary perspective for landscape itself, viewed as a complex social-ecological system.
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Wałdykowski, Piotr, Joanna Adamczyk et Agata Cieszewska. « Relief as an important factor in determining priority landscapes : a case study on Polish landscape parks ». Miscellanea Geographica 24, no 1 (31 janvier 2020) : 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2020-0003.

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AbstractThe practical problems of implementing the Regulation on Landscape Audits (European Landscape Convention, ELC) in Poland are discussed through the topic of landscape relief, on an example of landscape classification of three of Poland’s landscape parks. In the existing landscape typologies, various criteria are proposed, in which relief is usually considered to be one of the leading components. The study was carried out for the purposes of the Landscape Parks Conservation Plans, based on a comparison of the method under the Principles of Landscape Audits and the authors’ method. The results indicate that the landscape types set out in the regulation insuficiently take relief into account, leading to omitting the local specific nature of the terrain. The essential attributes of the terrain in the analysed parks are the morphometry of relief and its genesis. Relief helps to determine the landscape types that are more related to the terrain.
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Öztürk, Sevgi, Özge Vural et Kaan Meydan. « Kırsal Alanlarda Peyzaj Karakter Analizi “Kastamonu-Gölköy ve Yakın Çevresi Örneği” ». Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, no 8 (30 août 2020) : 1720–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i8.1720-1725.3480.

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The planning and management of landscapes have been reviewed in the European Landscape Convention (ELC) and the need to identify landscape character areas has been emphasized. The determination of Landscape Character Types (LCT) at the local level is of great importance in order to ensure sustainable development in rural areas, correct management of the shelter values and determination of usage strategies. In this study, which aims to evaluate rural settlements with character determination and sustainability approach, the landscape variables of Kastamonu-Gölköy settlement and its immediate surroundings are mapped and analysed with Landscape Character Analysis (LCA) approach. For this purpose, the geology, large soil groups, geomorphology, slope groups, are a usage maps of the area were digitized with Geographic Information Systems software and character types were determined by synthesizing them. As a result of the study, 133 landscape character types were determined. It is thought that the acquired character types will serve as a base in rural planning and landscape management studies carried out at the national and local level and will contribute to the formation of landscape policies.
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Bui Thi Thanh, Dung. « MAPPING MULTI-SCALED LANDSCAPE TYPOLOGY OF LANG SON PROVINCE ». Journal of Science Natural Science 66, no 3 (octobre 2021) : 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1059.2021-0061.

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The landscape of a territory is generated by natural components, and it is also influenced by human activities. The complexity of factors making up landscape and the relationship between them with humans has created a diverse and complex differentiation of landscape in Lang Son province. Three factors reflecting typical characteristics of Lang Son landscape: Digital Elevation Model (DEM), soil, and land cover have been selected in this study. The concept of multiscaled landscape classification based on the European Landscape Convention (ELC) is applied for combining the holistic with parametric approaches and combining typological with multi-scaled landscape classifications. A number of possible combinations between 9 land cover variables, 9 soil combination variables, and 5 topographic variables have yielded 40 landscape units for Lang Son province. The obtained results are basic documents for contributing to modern and practical landscape research on the one hand, and to territory planning for sustainable development of Lang Son on the other hand.
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Bogovac, Lara, Monika Kamenečki, Petra Pereković, Ines Hrdalo et Dora Tomić Reljić. « Defining Natural Landscape Qualities of the Southern Part of the Krka National Park in Croatia ». Sustainability 13, no 23 (6 décembre 2021) : 13485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313485.

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The paper is based on a review of the established principles for evaluating the natural qualities of landscapes and developing procedures that can contribute to current methods, upgraded with indicators derived from the perception and attitudes of the public. They were implemented into an integrated model of natural landscape qualities. The method included modeling of the natural landscape qualities for the southern part of the Krka National Park in Croatia. The first evaluation model was based on a survey whose responses were processed and classified using the AHP method and GIS. The results showed that the respondents recognize the diversity of land cover and relief forms and the degree of their fragmentation as the highest natural landscape quality. The second step included overlapping the vulnerability model of natural landscape qualities and the model of perception of natural qualities. It was found that the implementation of perceived natural qualities in the evaluation process affects the model of vulnerability of landscape quality. It also indicates the possibility of implementing the perceived natural qualities of certain landscape types into the complete landscape evaluation process, which encompasses all values in the space, including human perception. Therefore, the whole procedure pointed out the importance of the implementation of perceived values into landscape evaluation, something which is also emphasized by the European Landscape Convention (ELC).
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Ray, Karen. « Embedding Landscape in the Education of Young Planners ». Transactions of the Association of European Schools of Planning 5, no 2 (1 décembre 2021) : 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.24306/traesop.2021.02.002.

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Understanding the relationships between a development and its wider setting is not new to planning. This often delicate balance has been contemplated by planners since well before the ground-breaking European Landscape Convention emerged in 2000. Nevertheless, and in the sustainable management of change, the ELC and its interpretations in domestic laws serve as conscious reminders of landscape as being more value-laden and complex than mere scenery. They support arguments for why meaningful engagement must and should be done - arguments that are most compelling during the education of young planners. In a world where rapid environmental change leads to more deadlines for decision-makers, and in which approaches to prescriptive environmental standards can result in mediocre compliance, it might seem idealistic to expect engagement with landscape in this way. Sharing experiences from University College Cork, this paper explores methods for equipping students with the skills necessary to make efficient and objective yet value-sensitive judgements on landscape at strategic and project levels.
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Roe, Maggie. « Policy Change and ELC Implementation : Establishment of a Baseline for Understanding the Impact on UK National Policy of the European Landscape Convention ». Landscape Research 38, no 6 (décembre 2013) : 768–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2012.751968.

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Helm, Holger, et Manfred F. Buchroithner. « Johannes Gabriel Granö and his Cartography- Oriented Landscape Research. A Reviewing Appreciation ». Landscape Online 60 (14 juin 2018) : 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.201860.

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The present article shall bring to mind the extraordinary stimuli given by Johannes Gabriel Granö (1882 – 1956) to international landscape research through his exceptionally wide spectrum of studies. It begins with his expeditions into the Altai Mountains and to Northwestern Mongolia at the beginning of the 20th century and his multifaceted publications about their results – also in difficult times – like in 1945. The paper further treats Granö’s pioneering works about geography and cartography of Estonia at the beginning of the 1920s, his methodological and applied articles about physiognomic landscape characteristics, both in detailed as well as in overview scales – and mostly demonstrated in his Finnish motherland. Granö’s monograph „Reine Geographie“ / „Pure Geography“ – first published in German language in 1929 – revived, after its translation into English (in 1997), half a century later eager interest in his activities. In 2002, the Universities of Turku (Finland) and Tartu (Estonia) responded to this development through the establishment of a Granö Centre as a site of encounters and exchanges. In the context of the European Landscape Convention (ECL) it becomes obvious how far J.G. Granö was ahead of his time.
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Merino del Río, Rebeca. « Opportunities and precautions in the implementation of GIS-based analysis tools to cultural landscape restoration ». Abstracts of the ICA 2 (9 octobre 2020) : 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-2-44-2020.

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Abstract. The protection of cultural and natural heritage has been extended to the surrounding landscape in the last decades. This tendency has been corroborated by a series of International Charters and the European Landscape Convention (ELC) of 2000. Despite protection, management and planning proposed by ELC some structural aspects of the territory have been disregarded because of the frantic enlargement of cities throughout the Twentieth Century. In many cases, urban investments and planning associated to the expansion of the metropolitan areas have overlooked a territorial heritage that is necessary to ensure the cultural landscape regeneration. Cultural itineraries are presented as a landscape architecture strategy for valorising the territorial heritage. Well-targeted design of these itineraries can also contribute to restore the dynamics of cultural landscape formation. Research is focused on the definition of a method for designing cultural itineraries able to restore the dynamics of cultural landscape formation. Particular attention is paid to the areas around the archaeological sites. Because of the territorial scale of the intervention, software based on Geographical Information Systems (GIS) turns out to be the most suitable for representing and analysing complex spatial phenomena. This paper explores the opportunities and precautions that must be taken into account to integrate a GIS-based analysis into the design of a landscape architecture like the cultural itinerary.A systematic review of the scientific literature indexed in those databases with a wider international impact is elaborated in order to analyse the range of opportunities offered by GIS-based software in the area of theoretical and practical research on cultural landscapes. This review allows us to determine the state of the art, as well as to discover those applications and strategies that are generally used for each research field or intended aim. Knowledge of the recent discussions on the matter can be useful in that it can be integrated into the different phases of a method for designing cultural itineraries in an attempt to increase its level of technological innovation.In first place, a sample must be extracted. To this end, a series of parameters must be determined beforehand. It is considered a valid sample that formed by more than one hundred entries, which is representative of the state of the art observed. The sample is examined afterwards in quantitative and qualitative terms. The systematic review is conducted according to the methodology proposed by Gough, Oliver and Thomas (2012, 2013). The databases used to elaborate the systematic review of the scientific literature are Web of Science and Scopus. The definite search is based on the combination in groups of three of four elements: GIS, the component archaeo*, the operation (route OR path) and the expression “cultural landscape”.The questions that are meant to be clarified by means of this systematic review are the following ones. First, to what discipline does the entries belong? Second, what is the research field? Third, what is the scope of application of GIS? And, fourth, what GIS-based functionalities are prevalent? Then the criteria for inclusion and exclusion are determined. The details of the flow of the review process can be observed in the diagram on the slide.The distribution of the results by discipline allows us to observe how most of the articles and papers mainly belongs to the disciplines of archaeology and history. The significative but scant collection of writings that could be identified as belonging to the disciplines of architecture or civil engineering, may be due to the fact that the number of specific journals indexed in those databases is smaller in comparison with other disciplines. Most of the entries that were ruled out, because of the thematic dispersion, belong to the discipline of natural sciences and fail in considering human activity as fundamental in cultural landscape formation. The reduced number of entries belonging to the disciplines of architecture and civil engineering is considered here to be indicative of an unexplored research field.Following a thorough review, it is concluded that the main research field in relation to architecture and civil engineering concerns the technological innovation. In this sense, scientific literature review allows us to conclude that the main field of application of GIS in relation to architecture and civil engineering, when referring to cultural landscapes, is the development of protection, management and planning actions and cataloguing. The qualitative review of these entries has been useful to outline a possible integration of GIS-based functionalities into a method for designing cultural itineraries, as well as to prevent us from following some apparently innovative paths that sometimes lack of a solid scientific basis or that are far from the intended aim.None of the articles and papers focused on the technological innovation in which the scope of application of GIS is the protection, management and planning of cultural landscapes, is centred on the design of cultural itineraries as a landscape architecture strategy. Neither were they focused on the definition of a conceptual framework to guide the design of the cultural itineraries. This allows us to verify the opportunity of a research in which GIS and, more concretely, their analysis tools assist the landscape architect when design is aimed to restore the dynamics of cultural landscape formation.Having detected the main analysis tools that can contribute to cultural itineraries design and having considered in which way they are distributed by field of knowledge, research field and scope of application of GIS, we can then suggest a hypothesis to integrate GIS into our three-step method for designing cultural itineraries. In order to guide the design actions towards the restoration of the dynamics of cultural landscape formation, the methodological approach to the ecological design of settlements set up by different authors of the Società dei Territorialisti/e is taken as a reference. The synthetical structural descriptions that constitute the first part of the method, can benefit from the use of GIS-based analysis tools as they can assist landscape architect in the elaboration and refinement of the narratives about the evolution of the territorial heritage. The use of advanced spatial analysis tools should not be encouraged, however, in the elaboration of the interpretations. GIS software is used, both in the identity interpretations and the strategic scenario (the second and third phases of the method), as a visualisation and graphic representation tool. Basic functionalities allow us to manipulate and simultaneously observe different georeferenced datasets that can support the architect’s interpretative work of synthesis. As so many qualitative and sensitive factors should be taken into account when interpreting the process of cultural landscape formation, landscape architect’s design cannot rely on the abstract result of a GIS-based advanced spatial analysis. Although the use of algorithms is defended to lead to more precise results based on quantitative indicators, under no circumstances may the design of a landscape architecture be constrained by them, as identity features that have determined cultural landscape formation can hardly be codified.After an in-depth review, it is concluded that the success and efficiency of the method depends on the careful balance between the designer’s interpretation and the scope of application of the information technologies. It is defended that the automated result of applying advanced spatial analysis tools cannot supply the required interpretative work of the architect who pursues to restore the dynamics of cultural landscape formation through the design of cultural itineraries. Like any other operation of restauro, this restitution is subjective as it entails a revision of the past that should be necessarily interpretative. Thus, the use of predictive models based on the application of algorithms are discouraged in the interpretative phases because of the structural and historical complexity associated to the construction of the territory and landscape. Also, reluctance to ground the method on the implementation of GIS-based analysis tools lies in the fact that the highest levels of efficiency are meant to be obtained by focusing on the methodological innovation rather than on the technological one. GIS-based analysis tools integration into the different phases of the method for designing cultural itineraries mainly follows to ease the visualisation and comprehension of complex spatial processes that take place on the territory and it is always subsumed to the designer’s interpretative work.
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Arsic, Zoran. « European landscape convention ». Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 49, no 2 (2015) : 457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns49-9258.

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Déjeant-Pons, Maguelonne. « The European Landscape Convention ». Landscape Research 31, no 4 (octobre 2006) : 363–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426390601004343.

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Olwig, Kenneth R. « Mainstreaming landscape through the European Landscape Convention ». Landscape Research 41, no 8 (27 septembre 2016) : 981–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2016.1233704.

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Vasiljevic, Nevena. « The role of landscape planning in European landscape convention implementation ». Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 88, no 3 (2008) : 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0803051v.

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The most important recent policy initiative concerning quality and diversity, as well as natural and cultural landscape's values within all Europe is European Landscape Convention. The Convention was adopted by Council of Europe's Community of Ministers on 20th October 2000., in Firenze, Italy. The main goal of the Convention is protection, planning and management of the landscape as important part of the quality of life for people living everywhere: in urban areas and in countryside, in degraded areas as well as in the areas with high quality and those recognized as being of outstanding beauty. Serbia has singed Convention on 21 of September 2007. Diversity and quality, the cultural and natural values linked to European landscapes are part of Europe's common heritage, and it is important to co-operate towards its protection, management and planning According to explored international experiences, landscape plan, with its known methodology, is recognized as the most suitable tool in the most Countries which have already implemented European Landscape Convention. As to situation in Serbia, landscape planning is not treated in adequate or appropriate way within system of spatial planning. On the basis of the recent European experiences regarding The European Landscape Convention, the paper will underline the inevitability of landscape planning integration into the spatial planning system at the national, regional and city level, in Serbia.
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Jones, Michael, Peter Howard, Kenneth R. Olwig, J⊘rgen Primdahl et Ingrid Sarlöv Herlin. « Multiple interfaces of the European Landscape Convention ». Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography 61, no 4 (décembre 2007) : 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00291950701709176.

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Conrad, Elisabeth. « The European Landscape Convention : Challenges of Participation ». Landscape Research 37, no 3 (juin 2012) : 383–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2012.682388.

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Pedroli, Bas, Marc Antrop et Teresa Pinto Correia. « Editorial : Living Landscape : The European Landscape Convention in Research Perspective ». Landscape Research 38, no 6 (décembre 2013) : 691–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2013.873269.

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Cartei, Gian Franco. « The Implementation of the European Landscape Convention and Public Participation ». European Public Law 18, Issue 2 (1 juin 2012) : 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2012015.

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The European Landscape Convention adopted in 2000 is only now beginning to attract attention from scholars and public institutions. It is the first international act adopted by a European institution with the aim of promoting the protection, management and planning of the European landscape. The novelty of the Convention is that it offers a multifaceted perspective of landscape. Nonetheless the absence of specific rules to be applied risks hindering the implementation and enforcement of the Convention. Therefore, it appears necessary to invoke the aid of international law notably the prescriptions of the Aarhus Convention and European legal rules enshrined in the EC environmental directives for European Impact Assessment and Strategic Environmental Assessment.
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Gábor Kerékgyártó. « Cultural landscape on the border : érmellék ». Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no 49 (13 novembre 2012) : 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/49/2524.

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Cultural landscapes are haunting topic of the european spatial development. Cultural landscapes as cultural heritage determine the local and regional identity. The study shows the role and the significance of the cultural landscape by the help of UNESCO World Heritage Convention, the European Spatial Development Perspective and the European Landscape Convention. The article speaks about how can we maintain and develop cross border landscapes and cultural landscapes and through introducing Érmellék it would like to draw attention to the fact that landscape level planning and development of common landscape politics are one of the main interests of Hungary. That kind of politics play an important role not only in maintaining landscapes but in the regional economic development.
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Giroux, Emily, et Guillaume J. Bilodeau. « Whole Genome Sequencing Resource of the European Larch Canker Pathogen Lachnellula willkommii for Molecular Diagnostic Marker Development ». Phytopathology® 110, no 7 (juillet 2020) : 1255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-19-0350-a.

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The filamentous ascomycete fungus Lachnellula willkommii is the causal agent of European larch canker (ELC), one of the most destructive diseases of larch in Europe and a regulated plant pathogen of quarantine significance in Canada and the United States. L. willkommii was first detected in Massachusetts, North America in 1927 on a larch plantation cultivated with nursery stock imported from Great Britain. Despite the decades of practices aimed at eliminating the pathogen, it has reappeared in coastal areas of Canada and the United States. There is concern ELC could spread throughout the range of eastern larch, a transcontinental species typical of the Boreal forest that spans the North American landscape. There is geographic range overlap between several nonpathogenic indigenous Lachnellula species and the reported distribution of L. willkommii in North America. Morphological and biological methods to distinguish L. willkommii are often inadequate as the fungus does not always produce the phenotypic structures that distinguish it from these other saprophytic Lachnellula species. Whole genome sequencing technologies were used to obtain the draft genome sequences of L. willkommii and six other Lachnellula species. Molecular markers identified from the genomic data may be used to discriminate L. willkommii from its nonpathogenic relatives.
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Ye, Kyungrock. « Social significance and the definition of a Landscape of the European Landscape Convention ». Reports of the City Planning Institute of Japan 9, no 1 (10 juin 2010) : 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/reportscpij.9.1_48.

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de Ayala, Amaia, David Hoyos et Petr Mariel. « Suitability of discrete choice experiments for landscape management under the European Landscape Convention ». Journal of Forest Economics 21, no 2 (avril 2015) : 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfe.2015.01.002.

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Jones, Michael. « The European landscape convention and the question of public participation ». Landscape Research 32, no 5 (octobre 2007) : 613–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426390701552753.

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Dempsey, Kara E., et Stephanie M. Wilbrand. « The role of the region in the European Landscape Convention ». Regional Studies 51, no 6 (20 avril 2016) : 909–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2016.1144923.

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Delfino, Ângela. « Estética e Paisagem - Algumas Referências Legais ». Philosophica : International Journal for the History of Philosophy 10, no 19 (2002) : 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philosophica20021019/206.

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This paper analyses the legal treatment of the concepts of “aesthetics” and “landscape” in the areas of Zoning, Planning and Environmental Law, both in domestic and public international law. References are made to the World Charter for Nature, Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty on Environmental Protection, European Landscape Convention and several Portuguese Statutes. In the absence of a common agreed definition of the terms, several proposals of interpretation are provided and discussed taking into account the relevant values of law, i.e. justice and certainty.
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Olwig, Kenneth R. « The practice of landscape ‘Conventions’ and the just landscape : The case of the European landscape convention ». Landscape Research 32, no 5 (octobre 2007) : 579–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426390701552738.

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Olwig, Kenneth R., et Don Mitchell. « Justice, power and the political landscape : From American space to the European Landscape Convention ». Landscape Research 32, no 5 (octobre 2007) : 525–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426390701552688.

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Scott, Alister. « Beyond the conventional : Meeting the challenges of landscape governance within the European Landscape Convention ? » Journal of Environmental Management 92, no 10 (octobre 2011) : 2754–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.06.017.

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Trykacz, Karolina, et Sebastian Bernat. « Portugal's experience in landscape conservation and planning ». Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Administratio Locorum 21, no 2 (18 mai 2022) : 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/aspal.7240.

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Motives: The landscape is one of the key resources that not only reflects the society’s behaviour, but also affects the quality of life and well-being of citizens. Great care of landscape protection is visible in Portugal – a country with rich natural and cultural values. As a signatory of the European Landscape Convention, the country is obliged, among others, to integrate spatial planning with landscape issues. Aim: The aim of this paper is to indicate Portugal’s experience in implementing the European Landscape Convention in national legislation and public participation. Landscape protection is an important element of spatial planning at all levels there: national, regional and local. Results: The experience of Portugal may be an interesting example for Poland, where, although in particular voivodeships the implementation of a new instrument that is landscape audit is being carried out, there are no documents at the national level.
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Lipský, Zdeněk, et Dušan Romportl. « Landscape typology in Czechia and abroad : State of the art, methods and theoretical basis ». Geografie 112, no 1 (2007) : 61–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2007112010061.

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The main goal of this paper is to introduce the importance of landscape typology in present times when many landscapes are exposed to dynamic human impacts such as land use changes, urbanization, intensive agriculture, forestry or industrialization. Different approaches to landscape typology in Czechia and other European countries as well as relations of landscape typology to landscape character assessment and the European Landscape Convention are discussed. A requirement of a new exact and applicable landscape typology is a great challenge for Czech geographers.
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Oniţiu, Atalia, et Mariana Balaci. « Cultural Heritage and Urban Landscape in a Future European Cultural Capital – Challenges and Trends ». European Review Of Applied Sociology 13, no 21 (1 décembre 2020) : 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eras-2020-0010.

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Abstract European countries interest for archaeological heritage, as part of the cultural landscape, was firstly expressed at the London Convention (1969), whose content was later revised by La Valetta Convention (1992). Romania joined this Convention in 2000, thus assuming the mission to protect and preserve the archaeological heritage, facing with massive economic development and urban expansion. Although we speak of a consecrated historical center, in Timisoara’s urban landscape preventive archaeology has become a reality only from 2004, when first researches were conducted. During the last few years, local infrastructure development has determined an extension of archaeological investigations over the historical area of the city, with major influences especially over public transportation (most of the times hampered, sometimes deviated, even blocked in the specific area, during archaeological research). Our approach focuses on multiple facets and implications of preventive archaeology over Timisoara’s urban landscape, from immediate, obvious issues (such as population’s satisfaction regarding archaeological investigations, their consequences (over access in the area, safety or transportation)), to long-term results (over local tourism, urban development or locals’ education for protecting and promoting cultural heritage).
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Oniţiu, Atalia, et Mariana Balaci. « Cultural Heritage and Urban Landscape in a Future European Cultural Capital – Challenges and Trends ». European Review Of Applied Sociology 13, no 21 (1 décembre 2020) : 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eras-2020-0010.

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AbstractEuropean countries interest for archaeological heritage, as part of the cultural landscape, was firstly expressed at the London Convention (1969), whose content was later revised by La Valetta Convention (1992). Romania joined this Convention in 2000, thus assuming the mission to protect and preserve the archaeological heritage, facing with massive economic development and urban expansion. Although we speak of a consecrated historical center, in Timisoara’s urban landscape preventive archaeology has become a reality only from 2004, when first researches were conducted. During the last few years, local infrastructure development has determined an extension of archaeological investigations over the historical area of the city, with major influences especially over public transportation (most of the times hampered, sometimes deviated, even blocked in the specific area, during archaeological research). Our approach focuses on multiple facets and implications of preventive archaeology over Timisoara’s urban landscape, from immediate, obvious issues (such as population’s satisfaction regarding archaeological investigations, their consequences (over access in the area, safety or transportation)), to long-term results (over local tourism, urban development or locals’ education for protecting and promoting cultural heritage).
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Lothian, Andrew. « Visual Resource Stewardship—An International Perspective ». Land 11, no 3 (21 mars 2022) : 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11030451.

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This paper provides an international perspective on visual resource stewardship. It examines the long history of Britain’s love affair with its landscapes and its abandonment of measuring the subjective element of landscape quality, focusing instead on landscape character, which could be objectively assessed. This paper summarises the development of the European Landscape Convention, which has been embraced across much of Europe, and which follows Britain’s emphasis on landscape character. Programs in a range of European countries are reviewed. The recognition of outstanding landscapes under the World Heritage Convention, the UN List of Protected Areas program which includes landscapes, and National Scenic Area programs, are briefly summarised. The key message of this paper is that most of the provisions summarised focus on the character of the landscape and not its quality. Because it has been alleged, particularly in Britain and Europe, that it is too difficult to measure scenic quality, landscape character has become the subject instead of scenic quality.
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Miyawaki, Masaru. « A Study on the legislative definition of a "Landscape" before/after the European Landscape Convention ». Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan 46, no 3 (2011) : 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.46.205.

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Butler, Andrew, et Ulla Berglund. « Landscape Character Assessment as an Approach to Understanding Public Interests within the European Landscape Convention ». Landscape Research 39, no 3 (2 octobre 2012) : 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2012.716404.

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Eiter, Sebastian, et Marte Lange Vik. « Public participation in landscape planning : Effective methods for implementing the European Landscape Convention in Norway ». Land Use Policy 44 (mars 2015) : 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.11.012.

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Cowley, David C., et Birger B. Stichelbaut. « Historic Aerial Photographic Archives for European Archaeology ». European Journal of Archaeology 15, no 2 (2012) : 217–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1461957112y.0000000010.

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This article reviews the potential of archives of historic aerial photographs for European archaeology. Their roles in primary site discovery, in monitoring condition and material change, and in understanding landscape development with particular reference to the implementation of the European Landscape Convention are discussed. The major sources are briefly described and their characteristics outlined. The impacts that differing national and regional research traditions and heritage policy have on the use of these archival collections is discussed in the framework of issues of variable accessibility and approaches to ensuring appropriate uses, including identifying limitations.
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YE, Kyungrock. « The Role of the European Landscape Convention on the Spatial Development Policy of European Continent ». Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan 44.2 (2009) : 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.44.2.41.

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Riesco-Chueca, Pascual, et José Gómez-Zotano. « Landscape Fieldwork : Scientific, Educational and Awareness-Raising Requirements in the Context of the European Landscape Convention ». Landscape Research 38, no 6 (décembre 2013) : 695–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2012.716028.

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Degórski, Marek, Katarzyna Ostaszewska, Andrzej Richling et Jerzy Solon. « Contemporary directions of landscape study in the context of the implementation of the European Landscape Convention ». Przegląd Geograficzny 86, no 3 (2014) : 295–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/przg.2014.3.1.

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Reher, Guillermo, Véronique Karine Simon, Mateja Šmid Hribar, Lone Kristensen et Jørgen Primdahl. « Approaches to collaborative landscape analysis and planning ». Journal of European Landscapes 1 (17 décembre 2020) : 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/jel.2020.1.56265.

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Abstract This paper aims to ground the research paradigm of public engagement within the field of landscape and heritage. Both the European Landscape Convention and the Faro Convention, major international agreements that shape both these dimensions, stress the need to reinforce the democratic nature of projects. This participation needs to go beyond informing stakeholders and formal hearings, and community values and ideas should be included in the planning process. This entails addressing the complexities of stakeholder deliberation and the solution of thorny problems. The present study examines in detail four case studies from the Netherlands, Slovenia and Denmark, in which public participation was crucial in different stages of the project development. The methodologies employed, as well as the effect that such engagement had on the general results, will be highlighted. Finally, the discussion of results will evaluate the findings through the lens of deliberative democracy within territorial planning.
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De Montis, Andrea. « Measuring the performance of planning : the conformance of Italian landscape planning practices with the European Landscape Convention ». European Planning Studies 24, no 9 (4 mai 2016) : 1727–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2016.1178215.

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Dovlén, Sylvia. « A relational approach to the implementation of the European Landscape Convention in Sweden ». Landscape Research 41, no 8 (31 mai 2016) : 950–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2016.1174771.

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Zubiaurre, Elena, Bolette Bele, Véronique Karine Simon, Guillermo S. Reher, Ana Delia Rodríguez, Rodrigo Alonso et Benedetta Castiglioni. « Educational Strategies in Cultural Landscapes. Are we complying with the Faro Convention ? » Journal of European Landscapes 3 (22 juillet 2022) : 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/jel.2022.3.77801.

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Abstract The Faro Convention1 underlined the importance of educational initiatives related to heritage. This paper focuses on the educational dimension of landscape, as a means to better facilitate its social acceptance and hence its inclusion in planning and management processes. The relation between landscape education and social perception, through a few European examples will be analysed to ascertain whether the principles of the Convention are being complied with effectively. The authors introduce four case studies of heritage-related education carried out in three European countries (Spain, Norway and Italy). These case studies provide the possibility to coherently analyse a wide range of activities and initiatives occurring at various scales and levels: geographic, local and sectoral. In addition, they describe the pedagogical potential of cultural landscapes and cultural heritage, and highlight some of the educational strategies and measures currently used in this field.
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