Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « European Council for High Ability »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "European Council for High Ability"
1
Gullickson, Terri. « Review of Competence and Responsibility : The Third European Conference of the European Council for High Ability. » Contemporary Psychology : A Journal of Reviews 42, no 1 (janvier 1997) : 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/000062.
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Lorenzo, Francisco, et Fernando Trujillo. « Languages of schooling in European policymaking : present state and future outcomes ». European Journal of Applied Linguistics 5, no 2 (5 septembre 2017) : 177–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eujal-2017-0007.
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AbstractEuropean language policies have unfolded under the umbrella of the Council of Europe and the European Commission over the last past decades. The major goal has been so far to handle autochthonous multilingualism and preserve language diversity. Major developments in this area has been followed by new political and educational targets. The first one is the spread of high levels of cognitive academic language proficiency (CALP) across all the student population. High CALP levels imply the acquisition of high order skills triggered by the practice of advanced language structures at school, mostly through language across the curriculum schemes. Secondly, their interests lie in the development of second language instruction competence (SLIC); i.e. the ability to process school content in a variety of languages so that multilingual education does not affect communicative levels only. CALP and SLIC will mark the political goals for language policy in the nearby future and it so happens that languages of schooling provide a framework to operationalize these goals. Following on past research on European multilingual language policies, this paper intends to explore the means to make this language policy happen in schools. The major concepts, innovations and policies discussed will be illustrated with examples from the course of History.
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Poser, Mareen. « DTCA of Prescription Medicines in the European Union : Is There Still a Need for a Ban ? » European Journal of Health Law 17, no 5 (2010) : 471–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180910x527897.
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AbstractThe pharmaceutical sector is one of the main markets in the European Union. The consumption of medicines is high and steadily increasing. However, the pharmaceutical market is subject to a wider range of restrictions than almost any other sector. The restrictions mainly apply to information provision and advertising practice within the community. One of the main features in pharmaceutical regulation is the ban on direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription medicines. However, an abolition of the ban is controversial in the European Community, especially as the pharmaceutical industry keeps pleading for its ability to use the highly effective marketing strategy of DTCA to promote prescription medicines to the general public. Such advertising is only allowed in two jurisdictions in the world, New Zealand and the United States. In both systems the impact of DTCA on the consumer and the economy has been subject to research. The outcome of these studies is outlined in this article. Since the European Commission has provided a new proposal to amend the current information practice regarding prescription medicines in 2008 (European Commission, Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council Amending, as Regards Information to the General Public on Medicinal Products Subject to Medical Prescription, Directive 2001/83/EC on the Community Code Relating to Medicinal Products for Human Use, COM/2008/0663 final) it is time to examine different options to regulate the provision of information and discuss the need for a ban of DTCA.
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PYLYPENKO, O. S. « STEM COMPETENCIES : ESSENCE AND STRUCTURE ». Scientific papers of Berdiansk State Pedagogical University Series Pedagogical sciences 1, no 3 (30 décembre 2021) : 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31494/2412-9208-2021-1-3-142-149.
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The article is devoted to the research of the problem of modeling the structure and content of mathematical competence and competence in the field of science, technology and engineering (STEM-competences) of students. The author notes that the problem of active creative development of students who are able to mobilize knowledge in practice and quickly adapt to unusual situations is relevant for Ukraine today. This leads to the search for high quality education at all levels. A possible solution to this problem is the organization of STEM-learning, which requires the formation of students' STEM-competencies. The author analyzes the existing in scientific publications and official documents definitions of the concepts of purview, competence, STEM-competence. The components of STEM-competence, including cognitive, reflexive-analytical, operational-activity, value-motivational, are clarified. The article identifies the main components of STEM-competence, which consists of the ability to identify the problem, the ability to reason logically, justify their actions, understand and analyze different points of view in solving problems, the ability to unconventionally solve problems, analyze and evaluate results, formulate research tasks and identify ways to solve it, apply knowledge in different life situations. It was found that the methods aimed at the formation of STEM-competence of students should be based on the application of competence, activity and systematic approaches to the organization of learning. The paper emphasizes that the key competencies for the state standard of basic secondary education in Ukraine are based on the recommendations of the Council of the European Union. The author compares the key competences for lifelong learning in Ukraine and the European Union, discusses in detail the skills and attitudes associated with STEM competence. It was found that mathematical competence and competence in the field of science, technology and engineering in the European Union are distinguished as a whole, unlike Ukraine. Key words: purview, competence, key competencies, STEM competency, STEM-education.
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Klyuchko, O. I., A. V. Lyablina et O. Ya Gavrilova. « Support system for gifted children in European countries ». Bulletin of Kazakh National Women's Teacher Training University, no 1 (26 avril 2023) : 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52512/2306-5079-2023-93-1-22-33.
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Research background: The global nature of modern education and international cooperation in the study of giftedness creates a need to build close ties with organizations that support the gifted and share best practices in this area.The purpose of the study: to summarize data on the system of organizations that support gifted children in European countries.Research methods: the main research method was the search and analysis of the activities of organizations of various types that support gifted children in European countries, as well as the identification of the theoretical and methodological foundations of their activities.The results of the study presented in the article: The article describes the system of public organizations that provide assistance, training, support to gifted children in European countries. An overview of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study and teaching of gifted children in European countries is given : the differential model of F. Gagne, the concept of multiple intelligences of H. Gardner, the enrichment model of D. Renzulli SEM, the educational models "Turniquet" and "Aktiotop". The activities of both pan-European and international and regional organizations are described. Most organizations are nongovernmental associations of educators, researchers and parents of gifted children. In particular, the specifics of such organizations as the European Council for High Ability (ECHA), the European Talent Support Network (ESTN), the non-profit organization for people with a high intelligence quotient Mensa, Internationalen Centrums für Begabungsforschung (ICBF), the International Panel of Experts for Gifted Education (IPEGE), Associação Nacional para o Estudo e Intervenção na Sobredotação in Portugal (ANEIS), Magyar Tehetségsegítő Szervezetek Szövetsége (MATEHETSZ), Elternverein hochbegabter Kinder in Switzerland (EHK) and Associazione Genitory Education to Talent in Italy (AGET).Conclusions: It is noted that the ideas of personalization of education are widespread, which is realized through mentoring, coaching and the opportunity for a gifted child to independently build his own learning process. The article fixes the network principle of support for the gifted, which is becoming a pan-European trend, including assistance not only to children, but also to parents and teachers who work with them. The largest universities in Europe, powerful public and charitable organizations are involved in work with gifted children. The purpose of this article is to summarize data on the system of organizations that support gifted children in European countries.
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Sharikov, P. A. « Specifics of Bilateral US-EU Relations under J. Biden Administration ». Contemporary Europe, no 2 (123) (15 décembre 2024) : 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0201708324020013.
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The article is dedicated to current state of affairs and perspectives of institutionalization of US-EU relations. Due to different international and domestic political reasons, after the 2020 the two sides declared a rapprochement. The US is likely to re-main the most influential center of power of the current system of international affairs. Due to the process of European integration, the EU acquired an ability to behave as an international actor and the US’ global partner. An ambitious bilateral agenda includes not only pragmatic goals, but a long-term intention to cooperate. Institutions of bilateral relations are supposed to build strategic partnership regardless of concrete political situation. The period from 2021 to 2023 were favorable for such efforts, because of the White House retreat from the isolationist foreign policy. The article explores different formats of cooperation between the US and the EU with special focus on high level co-operation. Interparliamentary connections between the US Congress and European Parliament play a special role in institutionalizing the relations. Special attention is paid to the new frameworks of executive branch cooperation, such as Council for Trade and Technology, as well as a number of Strategic Dialogues on different topics. Institutionalization of bilateral relations is aimed at consolidation of economic and technological resources for strategic confrontation against China.
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Gutsjahr, Michaela, et Johanna E. Schwarz. « Koordinator*innen für Begabungsförderung als Teacher Leader ». R&E-SOURCE 11, no 3 (15 juillet 2024) : 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.53349/resource.2024.i3.a1291.
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Schulen setzen vermehrt begabtenförderliche Maßnahmen und entwickeln Angebote und Förderkonzepte für Begabte. Der Artikel beschäftigt sich mit verschiedenen Rollen von Koordinatoren*innen für Begabungs- und Begabtenförderung (BBF) im Kontext von Teacher Leadership (TL) und Schulentwicklung (SE) an niederösterreichischen Gymnasien. Es wird herausgearbeitet, welche Handlungsfelder und Aufgabenbereiche diese sogenannten Teacher Leaders an ihren Schulen ausführen. Am Modell von Teacher Leadership wird aufzeigt, wie sich neben der Schulleitung Lehrpersonen oder andere Mitarbeitende einer Schule an Führung beteiligen, indem sie aufgrund ihrer Expertise, ihres Engagements oder ihres Interesses über den klassischen Unterricht hinaus formell und informell Verantwortung für die Weiterentwicklung der Schule übernehmen. Wenn die Schulleitung den Lehrer*innen Führungskompetenz zugesteht und Verantwortungsbereiche übergibt, muss sie ihrerseits an Macht und Kontrolle abgeben und Führungsverteilung und Machtsharing zulassen. Die qualitative Studie weist darauf hin, dass die Koordinatoren*innen für BBF große Kompetenzbereiche und Verantwortlichkeiten als Teacher Leaders an ihren Schulen abdecken und Aufgabenbereiche im Bereich der Schaffung von begabtenförderlichen Settings aktiv übernehmen. Folglich bräuchte es an allen Schulen Begabungsbeauftragte als Koordinator*innen für Begabtenförderung im Rahmen einer Systemintervention, die durch ihre Expertise im Zusammenhang mit ECHA (European Council of High Ability) Schulentwicklung in Richtung Begabtenförderung anstoßen und weiter betreiben.
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Kuira, Mary. « The Implications of the Adoption of a Model Sexual Harassment Policy Within the Flower Sector in Kenya ». Business and Human Rights Journal 7, no 1 (février 2022) : 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bhj.2021.46.
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The Kenyan flower industry is one of the largest in the world and it is estimated to contribute around one per cent to Kenya’s gross domestic product (GDP).1 According to the Kenya Flower Council (KFC), Kenya exports about 70 per cent of its cut flowers for sale on the European market.2 Women constitute around 65 to 75 per cent of the workforce in the Kenyan flower industry, performing unskilled and poorly paid jobs.3 Female floriculture workers in Kenya experience high rates of sexual harassment (SH) and other forms of workplace violence.4 SH is deeply rooted in power imbalances between the parties involved, which can impact on the ability of the victim to resist or expressly indicate that the conduct is unwelcome. Such power imbalance can threaten victims into silence, resulting in incidences going unreported.5 According to a study on gender, rights and participation in the cut flower industry in Kenya, SH is particularly prevalent among women who are supervised by male managers.6 It was found that the persistence of SH is related to the hierarchical employment structure of floriculture companies, coupled with the lack of female managerial staff, both of which also prevented women from reporting incidences of SH.
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Nowacka, Urszula. « Entrepreneurship as a Key Competence - Implications for the Education Process in Poland ». SOCIETY, INTEGRATION, EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 1 (16 mai 2015) : 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2015vol1.324.
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<p><em>The ever escalating pace of civilizational changes in the social and economic fields, as well as in science and technology triggers a change of employers’ expectations with respect to employees’ competences. Thus, a need has arisen for enterprising and creative employees with the ability of critical and at the same time, creative thinking, with high interpersonal competence, who can obtain and effectively process information and based on that make decisions, and who are real team players, understanding the need for lifelong learning. Such competences have a significant impact on an independent, responsible and auspicious life. The changes led the European Parliament and the Council to adopt a key competence framework to which entrepreneurship and initiative have been, among other competences, classified.</em></p><p><em>The aim of the article is to define conditions related to creation of entrepreneurship as a key competence in the process of education in Poland, both among students of upper-secondary schools and tertiary education students. The article uses the findings of research conducted in Poland regarding evaluation of acquired key competences and identification of competences and qualifications sought by employers. </em></p><p> </p>
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Stastny, Kamil, Kristina Putecova, Lenka Leva, Milan Franek, Petr Dvorak et Martin Faldyna. « Profiling of Metabolomic Changes in Plasma and Urine of Pigs Caused by Illegal Administration of Testosterone Esters ». Metabolites 10, no 8 (27 juillet 2020) : 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10080307.
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The use of anabolic steroid hormones as growth promoters in feed for farm animals has been banned in the European Union since 1988 on the basis of Council Directive 96/22/EC. However, there is still ongoing monitoring and reporting of positive findings of these banned substances in EU countries. The aim of this work was to investigate the efficacy and discriminatory ability of metabolic fingerprinting after the administration of 17β-testosterone esters to pigs. Plasma and urine samples were chromatographically separated on a Hypersil Gold C18 column. High resolution mass spectrometry metabolomic fingerprints were analysed on a hybrid mass spectrometer Q-Exactive. Three independent multivariate statistical methods, namely principal component analysis, clustre analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis showed significant differences between the treated and control groups of pigs even 14 days after the administration of the hormonal drug. Plasma samples were also analysed by a conventional quantitative analysis using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and a pharmacokinetic curve was constructed based on the results. In this case, no testosterone residue was detected 14 days after the administration. The results clearly showed that a metabolomics approach can be a useful and effective tool for the detection and monitoring of banned anabolic steroids used illegally in pig fattening.
Thèses sur le sujet "European Council for High Ability"
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Ribet, Roseline. « Les défis de la politique européenne de défense ». Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2454.
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Les États européens n'ont, jusque dans les années 90, envisagé
leur défense que dans le cadre d'alliances militaires et restaient maîtres
de leur défense nationale. La mise en place d'une politique européenne
de défense a toujours connu des obstacles, reflets des problèmes de
souveraineté. Dans l'Union européenne, l'intégration politique, et en
particulier celle de la défense, reste le domaine le plus incertain. Cette
thèse de nature essentiellement empirico-descriptive aborde le thème de
la défense européenne sous une approche réaliste, en plaçant les États
au centre de la construction européenne et en en faisant les acteurs
principaux. Depuis 1992, les États tentent de définir une politique
européenne de défense mais rencontrent différentes difficultés.
En effet, la politique européenne de défense souffre d'un double
déficit. Le premier est un déficit institutionnel puisque la P.E.D. est loin
d'être une politique commune et se limite à un mécanisme de
coopération. Le second est un déficit matériel puisque l'Union européenne
n'a pas la puissance militaire pour mettre en oeuvre une éventuelle
décision commune. Afin d'évaluer les perspectives d'évolution d'une
politique européenne de défense, nous devons étudier les différents défis
que les États et les institutions communautaires doivent relever pour
combler ces deux déficits. Les défis d'ordre institutionnel concernent les
multiples acteurs, États et institutions, qui interviennent dans la définition
de la P.E.S.D. Il s'agit de déterminer quelle instance est la mieux à
même d'assurer la représentation internationale de l'Union européenne
afin de donner l'impulsion politique nécessaire de la P.E.S.D. Les défis
d'ordre militaire concernent les moyens que les différents acteurs
souhaitent engager afin de concrétiser la politique définie. Toutes ces discussions montrent la justification d'un système
européen de défense mais la question est de savoir si les États, acteurs
centraux de la construction européenne, sont prêts à relever ces défis.Up until the 1990's, the European States have solely thought of their security forces inside military alliances as they kept control of their national defense. The putting in place of a European defense policy has always met obstacles, which reflect the problems linked to the preservation of sovereignty. The political integration in Europe remains uncertain, mostly when it comes to common defense. With an empirical and descriptive manner, this thesis depicts the European defense theme in a realistic approach, by placing the States in the middle of the European construction and by giving them the main role. Since 1992, the States tried to lay down a European policy of defense, but they encountered various difficulties. Indeed, the European policy of defense suffers from a double deficit. The first is institutional since the European Defense Policy is far from being part of a common policy and is strictly a cooperation mechanism. The second is a material deficit since the European Union doesn't have a military force to implement a common decision. In order to evaluate the possible evolution of a European defense policy, we had to study the various challenges that the States and institutions must face in order to address those two deficits. The institutional challenge concerns the multiple actors, States and institutions, which intervene in the definition of E.P.S.D. This part will try to identify which institution would be best capable of ensuring the international representation of the European Union and to give the political impetus necessary to the putting into place of the E.P.S.D. The military challenge concern the means that the different actors would engage in order to concretize the policy. Ali these discussions show the justification of a European system of defense, but the question remains as to whether the States, central figures of the European construction, are ready to take up these challenges.
"Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Docteur en droit (LL.D) et à l'Université Jean Moulin en vue de l'obtention du grade de Docteur en droit"
Livres sur le sujet "European Council for High Ability"
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European Council for High Ability. (4th 1994 Nijmegen, The Netherlands). Nurturing talent : Individual needs and social ability : the fourth Conference of the European Council for High Ability. Assen, The Netherlands : Van Gorcum, 1995.
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1958-, Hany Ernst A., et Heller Kurt 1931-, dir. Competence and responsibility : The Third European Conference of the European Council for High Ability, held in Munich (Germany) October 11-14, 1992. Seattle : Hogrefe & Huber Publishers, 1993.
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J, Cropley A., et Dehn Detlev, dir. Fostering the growth of high ability : European perspectives. Norwood, N.J : Ablex Publ., 1996.
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Lennon, Catherine. The European logistics executive : A council report. New York, NY : Conference Board, 1994.
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Conference, European Council for Higher Ability. Competence and responsibility : Abstracts of the 3rd European Conference of the European Council for Higher Ability, held in Munich, Germany, October 11-14, 1992. Seattle : Hogrefe & Huber Publishers, 1992.
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1941-, Jensen Jens-Jørgen, et Sydjysk universitetscenter. Thorkil Kristensen instituttet--Center for øst-vest forskning., dir. EC-CMEA European perspectives : Papers from the conference at Esbjerg Folk High School, Denmark, September 13-14, 1989. Esbjerg, Denmark : South Jutland University Press, 1989.
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Foundation, European Science. New structures for the support of high-quality research in Europe : A report from a high level working group constituted by the European Science Foundation to review the option of creating a European research council. Strasbourg, France : European Science Foundation, 2003.
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Foundation, European Science. New structures for the support of high-quality research in Europe : A report from a high level working group constituted by the European Science Foundation to review the option of creating a European research council. Strasbourg, France : European Science Foundation, 2003.
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9
Community, European Economic. Third supplementary protocol to the Agreement of 28 July 1956 between the federal Council of the Swiss Confederation, of the one part, and the Governments of the member states of the European Coal and Steel Community and the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community, of the other part, on the introduction of through international railway tariffs for the carriage of coal and steel through Swiss territory : Brussels, 25 September 1986. London, England : H.M.S.O., 1988.
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Alvarez-Gaumé, Luis. From the PS to the LHC - 50 Years of Nobel Memories in High-Energy Physics. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "European Council for High Ability"
1
Radoniewicz, Filip. « Cybersecurity in the European Union Law ». Dans Cybersecurity in Poland, 73–92. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78551-2_6.
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AbstractThe first legal acts adopted within the framework of the European Communities were adopted in the early nineties. However, they were not binding. They contained calls for appropriate actions, identification of some solutions, proposals for draft legal acts, strategies and action plans to improve network security.This chapter, however, highlights the most important binding acts: the first binding EU legal instrument to combat computer crime: Council Framework Decision 2005/222/JHA of the 24th of February 2005 on attacks against information systems, Directive 2013/40/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of the 12th of August 2013 on attacks against information systems and replacing Council Framework Decision 2005/222/JHA and Directive (EU) 2016/1148 of the European Parliament and of the Council of the 6th of July 2016 concerning measures for a high common level of security of network and information systems across the Union.
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Breuker, Mark. « CEFR Labelling and Assessment Services ». Dans European Language Grid, 277–82. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17258-8_16.
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AbstractOur pilot project aims to develop a set of text collections and annotation tools to facilitate the creation of datasets (corpora) for the development of AI classification models. These classification models can automatically assess a text’s reading difficulty on the levels described by the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). The ability to accurately and consistently assess the readability level of texts is crucial to authors and (language) teachers. It allows them to more easily create and discover content that meets the needs of students with different backgrounds and skill levels. Also, in the public sector using plain language in written communication is becoming increasingly important to ensure citizens can easily access and comprehend government information. EDIA already provides automated readability assessment services (available as APIs and an online authoring tool) for the CEFR in English. Support for Dutch, German and Spanish are added as part of this project. Using the infrastructure developed in this project the effort for creating high quality datasets for additional languages is lowered significantly. The tools and datasets are deployed through the European Language Grid. The project is scheduled to be completed in the second quarter of 2022.
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Dederer, Hans-Georg. « The Common Commercial Policy Under the Influence of Commission, Council, High Representative and European External Action Service ». Dans Common Commercial Policy after Lisbon, 87–105. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34255-4_6.
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Keller, Anat, Clara Martins Pereira et Martinho Lucas Pires. « The European Union’s Approach to Artificial Intelligence and the Challenge of Financial Systemic Risk ». Dans Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence and the Law, 415–39. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41264-6_22.
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AbstractThis piece examines the EU’s ‘Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council Laying Down Harmonised Rules on Artificial Intelligence’ (‘AI Act’) with a view to determining the extent to which it addresses the systemic risk created by AI FinTech. Ultimately, it is argued that the notion of ‘high risk’ at the centre of the AI Act leaves out financial systemic risk. This exclusion can neither be justified by reasons of technology neutrality, nor by reasons of proportionality: neither is AI-driven financial systemic risk already covered by existing (or proposed) macroprudential frameworks and tools, nor can its omission from the AI Act be justified by the prioritisation of other types of risk. Moving forward, it is suggested that the EU’s AI Act would have benefited from a broader definition of ‘high risk’. It is also hoped that EU policy makers will soon begin to strengthen existing macroprudential toolkits to address the financial systemic risk created by AI.
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Radoniewicz, Filip. « National Cybersecurity System Act ». Dans Cybersecurity in Poland, 93–109. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78551-2_7.
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AbstractThe Act of the 5th of July 2018 on the National Cybersecurity System (hereinafter referred to as “NCSA”), as indicated in the explanatory memorandum to this act, is on the one hand an attempt to comprehensively regulate the national cybersecurity system, which is a response to the constantly growing and dynamically changing cyber threats, which may affect the security of the state, the economy and society, and on the other hand it is the implementation of the Directive (EU) 2016/1148 of the European Parliament and of the Council of the 6th of July 2016 concerning measures for a high common level of security of network and information systems across the Union (the NIS Directive). The purpose of this chapter is a brief description of the act and a synthetic presentation of the solutions it contains, which will be discussed in detail later in the monograph.
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Tebala, Domenico, Domenico Marino et Antonella Bianchino. « A Composite Indicator to Describe Digital Technology in Europe ». Dans Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 103–21. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34211-0_6.
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AbstractThe “Digital Europe” program is a central element of the Commission's comprehensive response to the challenge of digital transformation and is included in the proposal on the Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) for the period 2021–2027. Its aim is to provide a spending instrument adapted to the operational requirements of capacity building in the areas identified by the European Council, as well as to exploit the synergies between them. The program aims, among other things, to develop and strengthen basic skills in artificial intelligence, such as data resources and archives of artificial intelligence algorithms and make them accessible to all enterprises and public administrations; ensure that the essential capabilities needed to secure the EU's digital economy, society and democracy are available and accessible to the EU public sector and businesses, as well as improve the competitiveness of the EU cybersecurity industry; expand the optimal use of digital capabilities, in particular high-performance computing, artificial intelligence and cyber-security, in all sectors of the economy, in sectors of public interest and in society, including the implementation of interoperable solutions in areas of public interest, as well as facilitating access to technology and know-how for all enterprises.To better understand the phenomenon, this study aims to analyse the use of digital technology among European enterprises through a composite index of artificial intelligence (AI) and information technologies (ICT) (using the Wellness Methodology Fair and Sustainable) to measure the territorial gaps and to know the European countries more or less inclined to use it.For this purpose, this contribution develops with the following structure: description of the theoretical reference framework and the indicators used to regard “artificial intelligence” and “information technologies”; description of the methodology for the construction of the composite indicator; description of the results, also through a geo-referenced map of European countries willing to use digital technology; conclusions
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Malisch, Rainer, Alexander Schächtele, F. X. Rolaf van Leeuwen, Gerald Moy, Angelika Tritscher, Kateřina Šebková, Jana Klánová et Jiří Kalina. « Time Trends in Human Milk Derived from WHO- and UNEP-Coordinated Exposure Studies, Chapter 1 : Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans ». Dans Persistent Organic Pollutants in Human Milk, 417–84. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34087-1_12.
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AbstractTemporal trends of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) in human milk were assessed by consideration only of countries with repeated participation in WHO/UNEP-coordinated exposure studies performed between 1987 and 2019. In contrast to a general estimation of time trends from all participating countries, this is a more precise approach because levels among countries are often highly variable. Studies on time trends for contaminants in human milk are important components of the effectiveness evaluation of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). There is no stipulation of a quantitative goal for the rate of reduction/decrease in POPs levels, however, as a quantitative objective for studies, these should have the ability to detect a 50% decrease in the levels of POPs within a 10-year period.For non-dioxin-like PCB (calculated as the sum of six indicator PCB), a decrease of about 50% to 60% over 10 years was achieved in most of the five UN Regional Groups. Considerable decreases in concentrations with reductions of up to 95% over three decades were observed in European countries with high concentrations at the end of the 1980s, compared to slower decreases in less polluted ones. For the toxic equivalents (TEQ) of PCDD/PCDF and the total TEQ of PCDD/PCDF and dioxin-like PCB, a decrease of about 50% over 10 years was found mainly in Western European and some other countries with initially relatively high concentrations. TEQ concentrations of PCDD/PCDF decreased by up to 90% over three decades. Lower decreases observed in many countries have to be seen in the context of the quite low levels in these countries in comparison with other countries.
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Brill-Carlat, Matthew, et Maria Höhn. « Rebuilding After War and Genocide : Learning with and from Refugees in the Transnational Digital Classroom ». Dans Migration, Displacement, and Higher Education, 267–77. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12350-4_22.
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AbstractThe Covid-19 emergency spurred a flurry of teaching innovations as higher education institutions turned to online or blended learning models, and as international collaborations have moved nearly entirely online. These circumstances inspired us to revisit the digital transatlantic seminar, “Germany 1945: History and Memory in Germany after WWII,” taught by Höhn in Spring 2018 to a group of seven Vassar students (Brill-Carlat among them) and six advanced high-school students—between the ages of 17 and 22—who had come to Berlin as asylum seekers from Syria, Iraq, and Afghanistan. The course dealt with history and memory of World War II and the Holocaust in Germany. As such, it reflected a core commitment of the Consortium on Forced Migration, Displacement, and Education (CFMDE), founded by Höhn at Vassar and partners (Bard, Bennington, Sarah Lawrence, the New School, and the Council for European Studies): the importance of providing opportunities for our undergraduate students to learn with and from refugees and displaced individuals if they are to understand and tackle the global, multidimensional challenges of forced migration. As institutional resistance to digital teaching necessarily vanished with the Covid-19 pandemic in Spring 2020 and the direction of future online-learning policies is up for debate, we revisit the 2018 class to examine lessons learned and how this project points the way to another digital venture: digitally “hosting” displaced scholars at liberal arts campuses.
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Poggi, Francesco, Roberto Montalti, Emanuele Intrieri, Alessandro Ferretti, Filippo Catani et Federico Raspini. « Spatial and Temporal Characterization of Landslide Deformation Pattern with Sentinel-1 ». Dans Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 2 Issue 1, 2023, 321–29. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39012-8_15.
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AbstractThe results of multi-interferometric processing applied to radar images acquired by the European Space Agency (ESA) Sentinel-1 constellation, obtained in the framework of the IPL (International Programme on Landslides) project n.221, are presented in this manuscript. The target area is the Hunza-Nagar River valley, a remote area in northern Pakistan. The Humarri slide, a massive landslide located along the left side of the valley, is the most active phenomenon in the area, and poses a very high risk to the Humarri village built in the lowest part of the landslide, and a threat of damming the Hispar River. The highest deformation rates (with peaks higher than 300 mm/yr) were recorded in the middle and low part of the landslide. Where the Humarri village is located, the velocity values are lower and range between −30 and −80 mm/yr. The analysis of displacement time series, spanning from February 2017 to January 2020, reveal different deformation behaviors and different onset of accelerating behaviors within the landslide body. The global coverage, the wide-area mapping capabilities, and the regular acquisitions planning ensured by the Sentinel-1 constellation, coupled with InSAR ability to deliver very precise and spatially dense information, make it possible to scan wide areas and spot unstable zones, especially where remoteness, vast areal extension, and climatic conditions make it difficult to undertake field activities.
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Gawrich, Andrea, et Doris Wydra. « Conditions and Contestation : Ukraine on Its Way to EU-Membership ». Dans The War Against Ukraine and the EU, 161–88. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35040-5_8.
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AbstractRussia’s attack on Ukraine in February 2022 has not only brought war back to the European continent, it has also created a new urgency for the European Union to allow new members to find economic and strategic protection within its confines. While no accession procedure has been successfully concluded since 2013, the list of candidates is growing. In June 2022, the European Council decided to grant the status of candidate country to both Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova. This was greeted with great enthusiasm, in particular in Ukraine—which now expects a swift accession in reward for the enormous price it has had to pay for its European choice.The key question this chapter addresses is which dynamics have evolved in this early accession process under the conditions of war, where the EU strives to defend the rule of law and democracy internally and externally simultaneously (in particular because of past experiences of how vulnerable democratic achievements are to recession), while at the same time trying to prove its geopolitical capacities by providing credible accession perspectives. The literature on EU conditionality provides us with helpful insights into factors conducive to the transformation of a candidate country along EU conditions (e.g. clarity, tangibility of rewards, absence of veto-players). This seems to make Ukraine an ideal candidate for successful transformation, as the renewed emphasis of the ‘geopolitical’ EU on enlargement strengthens the credibility of the promise, and a renewed enlargement methodology contributes to clarity and increases (tangible) rewards along the way. Additionally, an active Ukrainian civil society is putting pressure on political elites to continue on their European path. The close linkage of EU accession with reconstruction plans for Ukraine also makes successful EU integration an effective remedy for domestic challenges.We argue, however, that in order to comprehensively understand ‘membership politics’ and the politicisation of EU conditions, it is essential to address the contextual interpretation of the norms posed by the EU as part of its accession conditionality. For this, we combine the concept of conditionality with approaches to norm contestation from International Relations (IR) Research. This induces a shift of perspective from a unidirectional norm-giver/norm-taker perspective, closely assigned to conditionality approaches, towards a focus on the web of interactions between actors on the EU and the Ukrainian side as they engage with, interpret and enact norms based on their social context. By example of the reform of the Ukrainian judiciary (and here in particular the Constitutional Court of Ukraine) we show how the ‘sovereignty argument’ is put forward to challenge the “West’s right to evaluate”. Furthermore, the contestation of time frames is of high salience not only because Ukraine demands a ‘fast track accession’ against the will of some EU Member States, but also because it raises the stakes as to how ‘sufficient progress’ for gaining promised rewards is assessed. It is thus indispensable to conceptualise and address contestation in order to understand the current challenges of turning Ukraine’s candidate status into a meaningful membership perspective under increased geopolitical pressure, and while a war is raging on the EU’s doorstep.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "European Council for High Ability"
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Činčurak Erceg, Biljana, Aleksandra Vasilj et Aleksandra Perković. « FIT FOR 55 – DOES IT FIT ALL ? AIR AND RAIL TRANSPORT AFTER COVID – 19 PANDEMIC ». Dans The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22411.
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The main principle of sustainability means being able to meet the needs of today’s society without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable development implies the interdependence of its main components: society, economy, and ecology. The prosperity of a society depends on economic progress and the development of new technologies, but in a way that the natural environment is protected and preserved. This concept is inextricably linked to the concept of ecology and, consequently, to all types of transport, given that transport is considered one of the main pollutants of the ecosystem. Due to its rapid development through history, and as the youngest and safest type of transport, air transport is particularly subjected to the environmental impact assessment. At the same time, air transport affects the global economy due to its connection with other sectors, which in turn enables faster mobility of people, services, and goods. This was especially evident with the increased need for faster medical supplies and protective equipment delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. The European Union’s transport policy is geared towards sustainable development by linking all environmental and social goals in a balanced way. Considering the negative long-term impact of COVID-19 on the air transportation sector, the question posed in this paper is whether this can be done in an appropriate way. As part of the European Green Deal, the “Fit for 55” package is a set of proposals to revise and update EU legislation with the purpose of introducing new initiatives regarding the climate goals agreed by the Council and the European Parliament. Regarding air transport, the emphasis is on contributing to reducing CO2 emissions and noise pollution and their impact on other sectors and competitiveness. The EU Commission White Paper: “Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area – Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system” emphasizes that the EU aviation industry should become a frontrunner in the use of low-carbon fuels to reach the set targets, as well as that the majority of medium-distance passenger transport should go by rail by 2050. There are also initiatives that aviation taxes should subsidize high-speed rail (HSR), which potentially may cause a decrease in the air transport and benefit an increase the rail transport. The paper will also address the questions as to whether existing legislation, measures, and proposals are appropriate, considering that aviation is one of the industry sectors that is most affected by COVID-19 and could be most affected by the “Fit for 55” package, as well what impact this duopoly might have on the market for travel served by air transport. Does really “Fit for 55” fit air transport?
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« High Rise Ability ». Dans 14th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference : ERES Conference 2007. ERES, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2007_261.
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Zufarova, Oydinoy, Viktoriia Kondratieva et Oksana Zhirosh. « Learning Environment - What Matters for the High Ability Computer Science Students ? » Dans 2021 World Engineering Education Forum/Global Engineering Deans Council (WEEF/GEDC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/weef/gedc53299.2021.9657397.
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« Dutch high rise ability after a downtime ». Dans 19th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference : ERES Conference 2012. ERES, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2012_116.
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Shuai, Dong, Gao Xin, Song Beibei, Cui Shumei et Zhang Qianfan. « Switched-trans-Z-source Inverter with high boost inversion ability ». Dans 2019 21st European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE '19 ECCE Europe). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/epe.2019.8915518.
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Popa, Daniela. « Actions regarding fighting fraud and tax evasion at the level European Union ». Dans The 8th International Conference "Management Strategies and Policies in the Contemporary Economy". Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/icspm2023.49.
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Tax fraud and tax evasion limit the ability of countries to generate income and to carry out their economic policies. In a period of significant budgetary constraints, combating tax fraud and tax evasion is more than a matter of tax equity - it becomes an essential element for the social and political acceptability of fiscal consolidation. The European Council agreed to accelerate the work in terms of combating tax fraud, tax evasion and aggressive tax planning. In particular, progress will be made with priority in the promotion and widening of the scope of the automatic exchange of information at all levels.
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Morgan, William, Thomas Cornulier et Xavier Lambin. « Conspecific attraction boosts local density while causing lags in range expansion despite high dispersal ability : experiments with a reintroduced endangered mammal ». Dans 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä : Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107573.
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Andersson, Lars, Ingmar Renhorn, Stefan Nilsson et Tiina Klinga. « High Power Pulsed Semiconductor Laser for Eyesafe Laser Range Finders ». Dans The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1996.cthi82.
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For laser range tinders utilizing the time-of-flight principle the maximum measurable distance is limited by the output power of the laser. The optimum wavelength with respect to eyesafe opearation is 1.5µm. For short pulses, 1-1000 ns, the maximum allowed pulsed power is in fact almost one million times higher compared to 0,9 µm wavelength! For this application the InP based semiconductor laser has a number of interesting properties such as small size, high efficiency and ability to lase at the desired wavelength.
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Baranov, I. Ya. « Electrogasdynamic CO lasers with combustion products - a new scientific direction to the creation of the industrial high-power lasers ». Dans The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1996.ctud6.
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The advantages of the CO lasers, compared with the most commonly used high-power CO2 laser, are in higher stability of the output power, ability to use high-quality optical materials, higher intensity in the near-field and far-field zones, higher efficiency and radiation power.
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Gorbunkov, M. V., et D. B. Vorchik. « Optoelectronic Control of Solid-State Lasers Using New High-Voltage Silicic Elements ». Dans The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1996.cthi61.
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Laser radiation parameters can be essentially improved by a external feedback [1]. The optoelectronic systems now in use are rather complicated and can not be applied for a multi-purpose controlling scheme. We have suggested to use new high voltage (1-10 K.V) fast (response time ~ 0.5 ns) optoelectronic cilicic elements which allow to realize a number of the original control schemes for the solid-state lasers of near IR [2]. Their high sensitivity and ability to work with high-votage directy made possible to control a introresonator Pockel’s cell by a positive as well as negative feedback without additional amplification of a signal.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "European Council for High Ability"
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Dachs, Bernhard, et Matthias Weber. National recovery packages, innovation, and transformation. Project for the Austrian Council for Research and Technology Development. Rat für Forschung und Technologieentwicklung, janvier 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2022.604.
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The COVID-19 pandemic hit Europe hard, and measures to contain the spread of the COVID-19 have resulted in a deep recession in 2020. To fight this recession, national governments have mobilised considerable funds to support the economy and prepare for a rebound in the following years. In addition to national efforts, the European Commission has initiated NextGenerationEU, a 750 bn EUR package to support Europe’s recovery, and the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) as its biggest component. The aim of this package is to make Europe’s economies more resilient to future challenges while supporting them in the green and digital transitions. Immediate support for the economy is important to stabilize employment and prevent vicious cycles that appeared during the Great Depression of the 1930s. However, these measures may also hamper change for good when they only aim at restoring the status quo before the crisis. Times of crisis are always times of transformation and innovation – this may also be true for the COVID-19 crisis of 2020 and 2021.The crisis may provide a good environment to push for transformative innovation. The rapid development of vaccines against COVID-19 is a strong sign for the adaptability of national innovation systems to new challenges, and the sense of urgency for change is high. However, one may also ask if national funding and the EU recovery packages are agile enough to support new ideas, new firms and new business models, as potential triggers of transformation. Against this background, the project will analyse Austria’s response to the economic effects of the crisis from an innovation and transformation perspective. In particular, the project will look at the recovery packages from the perspective of the ‘protect-prepare-transform’ framework proposed by the EU Expert group on the Societal and Economic Impact of Research and Innovation (ESIR, 2020): the need to protect the overall wellbeing of individuals during the crisis, the need to prepare for future pandemics and crises and the need to transform the European economy and society towards more resilience against future crises. The analysis will include national funds as well as Austria’s Recovery and Resilience Plan (RRP), i.e. its proposal to the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) of the European Commission. This multi-level nature of the recovery measures is further complicated by regional initiatives to mobilise further resources such as EU Structural Funds to fight the COVID-19 crisis.
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Wolfmaier, Susanne, Adrian Foong et Christian König. Climate, conflict and COVID-19 : How does the pandemic affect EU policies on climate-fragility ? Adelphi research gemeinnützige GmbH, décembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/casc018.
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The links between climate change and conflict have been well-documented in recent observations and academic literature: far from being causally direct, these links often depend on specific conditions and occur through certain pathways (Koubi, 2019). For example, conflicts have been found to be more likely in areas with poor access to infrastructure and facilities (Detges, 2016), or where government distrust and political bias are prevalent (Detges, 2017). As such, climate change has often been described as a ‘threat multiplier’, making it imperative for security and development actors to consider these fragility risks collectively in their policies and strategies. In addition to the expected impacts of climate change on the European Union (EU), such as increasing temperatures, extreme weather events or rising sea levels, climate change also has “direct and indirect international security impacts” for the EU’s foreign- and security policy (Council of the European Union, 2016). These affect for example migration, food security, access to resources and socio-economic factors that possibly contribute to disruptions (ibid.). The resulting fragility may affect the EU by contributing to changes in geopolitical power dynamics, whilst at the same time needs for support in neighbouring and partner countries could increase (Brown, Le More & Raasteen, 2020). The EU has increasingly acknowledged climate-fragility risks over the last years, as is evident from several key foreign policy strategies, agreements, and decisions. The European Green Deal, for example, aims to cushion climate and environmental impacts that may exacerbate instability (European Commission, 2019). At the regional level, individual policies underline the links between climate impacts and security in partner regions, such as for the Sahel (Council of the European Union, 2021a) and the Neighbourhood (EEAS, 2021a), stressing the importance in tackling those risks. To that end, the EU has been at the forefront in providing multilateral support for its partner regions, through its various instruments related to climate, environment, development, and security. According to official EU sources, EU funding for official development assistance (ODA) rose by 15% in nominal terms from 2019 to €66.8 billion in 2020 (European Commission, 2021a). Furthermore, the share dedicated to climate action is also growing: the EU initiative Global Climate Change Alliance Plus (GCCA+) received an additional €102.5 million for the period 2014-2020 compared to the previous phase 2004- 2014 (European Commission, n.d.). Looking ahead, the EU’s recently approved Multiannual Financial Framework for 2021-2027 is set to provide €110.6 billion in funding for external action and pre-accession assistance to its Neighbourhood and rest of the world (European Commission, 2021b). Despite the increased recognition of climate-related fragility risks in EU policies and the funding committed to climate action and international development, implementation of concrete measures to address these risks are lagging behind, with only a handful of EUfunded projects addressing climate-fragility risks (Brown, Le More & Raasteen, 2020). Compounding these challenges is the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the current vaccine rollout worldwide, and with some countries seeing a potential end to the health crisis, the pandemic has taken – and continues to take – its toll in many parts of the world. The unprecedented nature of COVID-19 could ultimately make it more difficult for the EU to address the impacts of climate change on fragility and security in its partner regions. In other words: How does the pandemic affect the EU’s ability to address climate-fragility risks in its neighbourhood? To answer this question, this paper will explore the implications of COVID-19 on relevant EU policies and strategies that address the climate security nexus, focusing on three regions: the Sahel, North Africa, and Western Balkans. These regions were chosen for geographical representativeness (i.e., being the EU’s southern and eastern neighbouring regions), as well as being priority regions for EU external action, and, in the case of the Western Balkans, for EU accession.1 The remainder of the paper is structured as follows: Section 2 outlines, in general terms, the impacts of the pandemic on the political priorities and ability of the EU to address climate-fragility risks. Section 3 explores, for each focus region, how the pandemic affects key objectives of EU policies aiming at reducing climate-fragility risks in that region. Section 4 provides several recommendations on how the EU can better address the interlinking risks associated with climate-fragility and COVID-19.
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Frish. PR-319-084511-R01 Advanced Development of Proactive Infrasonic Gas Pipeline Evaluation Network (PIGPEN). Chantilly, Virginia : Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), mars 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010816.
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A third party damage prevention warning system must have the following important attributes; the ability to accurately detect excavating activity in dense, noisy and high traffic areas, low maintenance requirements, be relatively easy to install, provide 24/7 coverage, and exhibit a low rate of false alarms. Systems that detect and quickly notify of encroachment or insufficient practices near gas pipelines would enable pipeline operators to take actions to avoid damage incidents. Early warning provides pipeline owners the ability to respond to an intrusion in time to prevent pipeline damage, and preclude incurring the additional cost and risk of repairs. The pipeline intrusion warning system being developed in this project addresses this need. Its benefits will include: 1) increased safety, 2) reduced number of third party damages to pipelines, 3) reduced system downtime and customer disruption, 4) reduced costs of damage repair, 5) improved communication between the equipment operators and the utility operators, and 6) longer life and improved integrity of the pipeline infrastructure. This report summarizes and documents a program completed by Physical Sciences Inc., Heath Consultants, American Innovations Inc. and NYSEARCH/Northeast Gas Association with co-funding from the US Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) and the Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI-Year 1 only). The report is also available from DOT PHMSA Contract # DTPH56-08-T-000019
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Kerrigan, Susan, Phillip McIntyre et Marion McCutcheon. Australian Cultural and Creative Activity : A Population and Hotspot Analysis : Bendigo. Queensland University of Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.206968.
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Bendigo, where the traditional owners are the Dja Dja Wurrung people, has capitalised on its European historical roots. Its striking architecture owes much to its Gold Rush past which has also given it a diverse cultural heritage. The creative industries, while not well recognised as such, contribute well to the local economy. The many festivals, museums and library exhibitions attract visitors from the metropolitan centre of Victoria especially. The Bendigo Creative Industries Hub was a local council initiative while the Ulumbarra Theatre is located within the City’s 1860’s Sandhurst Gaol. Many festivals keep the city culturally active and are supported by organisations such as Bendigo Bank. The Bendigo Writers Festival, the Bendigo Queer Film Festival, The Bendigo Invention & Innovation Festival, Groovin the Moo and the Bendigo Blues and Roots Music Festival are well established within the community. A regional accelerator and Tech School at La Trobe University are touted as models for other regional Victorian cities. The city has a range of high quality design agencies, while the software and digital content sector is growing with embeddeds working in agriculture and information management systems. Employment in Film, TV and Radio and Visual Arts has remained steady in Bendigo for a decade while the Music and Performing Arts sector grew quite well over the same period.
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Lehtimaki, Susanna, Kassim Nishtar, Aisling Reidy, Sara Darehshori, Andrew Painter et Nina Schwalbe. Independent Review and Investigation Mechanisms to Prevent Future Pandemics : A Proposed Way Forward. United Nations University International Institute for Global Health, mai 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/pb-f/2021/2.
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Based on the proposal by the European Council, more than 25 heads of state and the World Health Organization (WHO) support development of an international treaty on pandemics, that planned to be negotiated under the auspices of WHO, will be presented to the World Health Assembly in May 2021. Given that the treaty alone is not enough to ensure compliance, triggers for a high-level political response is required. To this end, to inform the design of a support system, we explored institutional mechanismsi with a mandate to review compliance with key international agreements in their signatory countries and conduct independent country investigations in a manner that manages sovereign considerations. Based on our review, there is no single global mechanism that could serve as a model in its own right. There is, however, potential to combine aspects of existing mechanisms to support a strong, enforceable treaty. These aspects include: • Periodic review - based on the model of human rights treaties, with independent experts as the authorized monitoring body to ensure the independence. If made obligatory, the review could support compliance with the treaty. • On-site investigations - based on the model by the Committee on Prevention of Torture according to which visits cannot be blocked by state parties. • Non-negotiable design principles - including accountability; independence; transparency and data sharing; speed; emphasis on capabilities; and incentives. • Technical support - WHO can provide countries with technical assistance, tools, monitoring, and assessment to enhance emergency preparedness and response.
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Altstein, Miriam, et Ronald Nachman. Rationally designed insect neuropeptide agonists and antagonists : application for the characterization of the pyrokinin/Pban mechanisms of action in insects. United States Department of Agriculture, octobre 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587235.bard.
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The general objective of this BARD project focused on rationally designed insect neuropeptide (NP) agonists and antagonists, their application for the characterization of the mechanisms of action of the pyrokinin/PBAN (PK-PBAN) family and the development of biostable, bioavailable versions that can provide the basis for development of novel, environmentally-friendly pest insect control agents. The specific objectives of the study, as originally proposed, were to: (i) Test stimulatory potencies of rationally designed backbone cyclic (BBC) peptides on pheromonotropic, melanotropic, myotropic and pupariation activities; (ii) Test the inhibitory potencies of the BBC compounds on the above activities evoked either by synthetic peptides (PBAN, LPK, myotropin and pheromonotropin) or by the natural endogenous mechanism; (iii) Determine the bioavailability of the most potent BBC compounds that will be found in (ii); (iv) Design, synthesize and examine novel PK/PBAN analogs with enhanced bioavailability and receptor binding; (v) Design and synthesize ‘magic bullet’ analogs and examine their ability to selectively kill cells expressing the PK/PBAN receptor. To achieve these goals the agonistic and antagonistic activities/properties of rationally designed linear and BBC neuropeptide (NP) were thoroughly studied and the information obtained was further used for the design and synthesis of improved compounds toward the design of an insecticide prototype. The study revealed important information on the structure activity relationship (SAR) of agonistic/antagonistic peptides, including definitive identification of the orientation of the Pro residue as trans for agonist activity in 4 PK/PBANbioassays (pheromonotropic, pupariation, melanotropic, & hindgut contractile) and a PK-related CAP₂b bioassay (diuretic); indications that led to the identification of a novel scaffold to develop biostbiostable, bioavailable peptidomimetic PK/PBANagonists/antagonists. The work led to the development of an arsenal of PK/PBAN antagonists with a variety of selectivity profiles; whether between different PKbioassays, or within the same bioassay between different natural elicitors. Examples include selective and non-selective BBC and novel amphiphilic PK pheromonotropic and melanotropic antagonists some of which are capable of penetrating the moth cuticle in efficacious quantities. One of the latter analog group demonstrated unprecedented versatility in its ability to antagonize a broad spectrum of pheromonotropic elicitors. A novel, transPro mimetic motif was proposed & used to develop a strong, selective PK agonist of the melanotropic bioassay in moths. The first antagonist (pure) of PK-related CAP₂b diuresis in flies was developed using a cisPro mimetic motif; an indication that while a transPro orientation is associated with receptor agonism, a cisPro orientation is linked with an antagonist interaction. A novel, biostablePK analog, incorporating β-amino acids at key peptidase-susceptible sites, exhibited in vivo pheromonotropic activity that by far exceeded that of PBAN when applied topically. Direct analysis of neural tissue by state-of-the-art MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry was used to identify specific PK/PK-related peptides native to eight arthropod pest species [house (M. domestica), stable (S. calcitrans), horn (H. irritans) & flesh (N. bullata) flies; Southern cattle fever tick (B. microplus), European tick (I. ricinus), yellow fever mosquito (A. aegypti), & Southern Green Stink Bug (N. viridula)]; including the unprecedented identification of mass-identical Leu/Ile residues and the first identification of NPs from a tick or the CNS of Hemiptera. Evidence was obtained for the selection of Neb-PK-2 as the primary pupariation factor of the flesh fly (N. bullata) among native PK/PK-related candidates. The peptidomic techniques were also used to map the location of PK/PK-related NP in the nervous system of the model fly D. melanogaster. Knowledge of specific PK sequences can aid in the future design of species specific (or non-specific) NP agonists/antagonists. In addition, the study led to the first cloning of a PK/PBAN receptor from insect larvae (S. littoralis), providing the basis for SAR analysis for the future design of 2ⁿᵈgeneration selective and/or nonselective agonists/antagonists. Development of a microplate ligand binding assay using the PK/PBAN pheromone gland receptor was also carried out. The assay will enable screening, including high throughput, of various libraries (chemical, molecular & natural product) for the discovery of receptor specific agonists/antagonists. In summary, the body of work achieves several key milestones and brings us significantly closer to the development of novel, environmentally friendly pest insect management agents based on insect PK/PBANNPs capable of disrupting critical NP-regulated functions.
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Boyle, Maxwell, et Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Fort Pulaski National Monument : 2019 data summary. National Park Service, décembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2288716.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and monitoring is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort on four SECN parks, including Fort Pulaski National Monument (FOPU). Twelve vegetation plots were established at Fort Pulaski National Monument in August. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Fort Pulaski National Monument in 2019. Data were stratified across two dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Tidal Wetlands and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands). Noteworthy findings include: Sixty-six vascular plant taxa were observed across 12 vegetation plots, including six taxa not previously known from the park. Plots were located on both Cockspur and McQueen’s Island. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Tidal Wetlands: smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora), perennial saltmarsh aster(Symphyotrichum enuifolium), and groundsel tree (Baccharis halimifolia) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), and cabbage palmetto (Sabal palmetto). Four non-native species identified as invasive by the Georgia Exotic Pest Plant Council (GA-EPPC 2018) were found during this monitoring effort. These species (and their overall frequency of occurrence within all plots) included: Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica; 17%), bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum; 8%), Vasey’s grass (Paspalum urvillei; 8%), and European common reed (Phragmites australis; 8%). Two rare plants tracked by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GADNR 2013) were found during this monitoring effort. These include Florida wild privet (Forestiera segregata) and Bosc’s bluet (Oldenlandia boscii). Southern/eastern red cedar and cabbage palmetto were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of the maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type. Species that dominated the sapling and seedling strata of this type included yaupon, cabbage palmetto, groundsel tree, and Carolina laurel cherry (Prunus caroliniana). The health status of sugarberry (Celtis laevigata)—a typical canopy species in maritime forests of the South Atlantic Coastal Plain--observed on park plots appeared to be in decline, with most stems experiencing elevated levels of dieback and low vigor. Over the past decade, this species has been experiencing unexplained high rates of dieback and mortality throughout its range in the Southeastern United States; current research is focusing on what may be causing these alarming die-off patterns. Duff and litter made up the majority of downed woody biomass (fuel loads) across FOPU vegetation plots.
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Rémy, Elisabeth, Romain Escudier et Alexandre Mignot. Access impact of observations. EuroSea, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d4.8.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The accuracy of the Copernicus Marine Environment and Monitoring Service (CMEMS) ocean analysis and forecasts highly depend on the availability and quality of observations to be assimilated. In situ observations are complementary to satellite observations that are restricted to the ocean surface. Higher resolution model forecasts are required by users of the CMEMS global and regional ocean analysis and forecasts. To support this with an efficient observational constrain of the model forecast via data assimilation, an increase observation coverage is needed, associated with an improved usage of the available ocean observations. This work exploits the capabilities of operational systems to provide comprehensive information for the evolution of the GOOS. In this report, we analyse the use and the efficiency of the in-situ observations to constrain regional and global Mercator Ocean systems. Physical and biogeochemical variables are considered. The in-situ observations are used either to estimate physical ocean state at global and regional scale via data assimilation or to estimate BGC model parameters. The impact of the physical in situ observations assimilated in open ocean and coastal areas is assessed with numerical data assimilation experiments. The experiments are conducted with the regional 1/36° resolution and global 1/12° resolution systems operated by Mercator Ocean for the Copernicus Marine Service. For the global physical ocean, the focus is on the tropical ocean to better understand how the tropical mooring observations constrain the intraseasonal to daily variability and the complementarity with satellite observations and the deep ocean. The tropical moorings provide unique high frequency observations at different depth, but they are far away from each other, so part of the signal in the observation are decorrelated from one mooring to the others. It is only via an integrated approach, as data assimilation into a dynamical model and complementarity with other observing networks that those observations can efficiently constrain the different scales of variability of the tropical ocean circulation. As the satellite observations brings higher spatial resolution between the tropical moorings but for the ocean surface, we show that the tropical mooring and Argo profile data assimilation constrain the larger scale ocean thermohaline vertical structure (EuroSea D2.2; Gasparin et al., 2023). The representation of the high frequency signals observed at mooring location is also significantly improved in the model analysis compared to a non-assimilative simulation. The ocean below 2000 m depth is still largely under constrained as very few observations exist. Some deep ocean basins, as the Antarctic deep ocean, shows significant trend over the past decade but they are still not accurately monitored. Based on the spread of four deep ocean reanalysis estimates, large uncertainties were estimated in representing local heat and freshwater content in the deep ocean. Additionally, temperature and salinity field comparison with deep Argo observations demonstrates that reanalysis errors in the deep ocean are of the same size as or even stronger than the observed deep ocean signal. OSSE already suggested that the deployment of a global deep Argo array will significantly constrain the deep ocean in reanalysis to be closer to the observations (Gasparin et al., 2020). At regional and coastal scales, the physical ocean circulation is dominated by higher frequency, smaller scale processes than the open ocean which requires different observation strategy to be well monitor. The impact of assimilating high frequency and high-resolution observations provided by gliders on European shelves is analysed with the regional Iberic Biscay and Irish (IBI) system. It was found that repetitive glider sections can efficiently help to constrain the transport of water masses flowing across those sections. BGC ocean models are less mature than physical ocean models and some variable dependencies are still based on empirical functions. In this task, Argo BGC profile observations were used to optimize the parameters of the global CMEMS biogeochemical model, PISCES. A particle filter algorithm was chosen to optimize a 1D configuration of PISCES in the North Atlantic. The optimization of the PISCES 1D model significantly improves the model's ability to reproduce the North Atlantic bloom Recommendations on the in-situ network extensions for real time ocean monitoring are given based on those results, and the one also obtained in the WP2, Task 2.2 where data assimilation experiments but with simulated observations where conducted. Argo extension and the complementarity with satellite altimetry was also extensively studied. (EuroSea Deliverable ; D4.8)
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Smit, Amelia, Kate Dunlop, Nehal Singh, Diona Damian, Kylie Vuong et Anne Cust. Primary prevention of skin cancer in primary care settings. The Sax Institute, août 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/qpsm1481.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Overview Skin cancer prevention is a component of the new Cancer Plan 2022–27, which guides the work of the Cancer Institute NSW. To lessen the impact of skin cancer on the community, the Cancer Institute NSW works closely with the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Advisory Committee, comprising governmental and non-governmental organisation representatives, to develop and implement the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy. Primary Health Networks and primary care providers are seen as important stakeholders in this work. To guide improvements in skin cancer prevention and inform the development of the next NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy, an up-to-date review of the evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care is required. A research team led by the Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the University of Sydney and Cancer Council NSW, was contracted to undertake an Evidence Check review to address the questions below. Evidence Check questions This Evidence Check aimed to address the following questions: Question 1: What skin cancer primary prevention activities can be effectively administered in primary care settings? As part of this, identify the key components of such messages, strategies, programs or initiatives that have been effectively implemented and their feasibility in the NSW/Australian context. Question 2: What are the main barriers and enablers for primary care providers in delivering skin cancer primary prevention activities within their setting? Summary of methods The research team conducted a detailed analysis of the published and grey literature, based on a comprehensive search. We developed the search strategy in consultation with a medical librarian at the University of Sydney and the Cancer Institute NSW team, and implemented it across the databases Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Central and CINAHL. Results were exported and uploaded to Covidence for screening and further selection. The search strategy was designed according to the SPIDER tool for Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Evidence Synthesis, which is a systematic strategy for searching qualitative and mixed-methods research studies. The SPIDER tool facilitates rigour in research by defining key elements of non-quantitative research questions. We included peer-reviewed and grey literature that included skin cancer primary prevention strategies/ interventions/ techniques/ programs within primary care settings, e.g. involving general practitioners and primary care nurses. The literature was limited to publications since 2014, and for studies or programs conducted in Australia, the UK, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, Western Europe and Scandinavia. We also included relevant systematic reviews and evidence syntheses based on a range of international evidence where also relevant to the Australian context. To address Question 1, about the effectiveness of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings from the Evidence Check according to different skin cancer prevention activities. To address Question 2, about the barriers and enablers of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The CFIR is a framework for identifying important implementation considerations for novel interventions in healthcare settings and provides a practical guide for systematically assessing potential barriers and facilitators in preparation for implementing a new activity or program. We assessed study quality using the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) levels of evidence. Key findings We identified 25 peer-reviewed journal articles that met the eligibility criteria and we included these in the Evidence Check. Eight of the studies were conducted in Australia, six in the UK, and the others elsewhere (mainly other European countries). In addition, the grey literature search identified four relevant guidelines, 12 education/training resources, two Cancer Care pathways, two position statements, three reports and five other resources that we included in the Evidence Check. Question 1 (related to effectiveness) We categorised the studies into different types of skin cancer prevention activities: behavioural counselling (n=3); risk assessment and delivering risk-tailored information (n=10); new technologies for early detection and accompanying prevention advice (n=4); and education and training programs for general practitioners (GPs) and primary care nurses regarding skin cancer prevention (n=3). There was good evidence that behavioural counselling interventions can result in a small improvement in sun protection behaviours among adults with fair skin types (defined as ivory or pale skin, light hair and eye colour, freckles, or those who sunburn easily), which would include the majority of Australians. It was found that clinicians play an important role in counselling patients about sun-protective behaviours, and recommended tailoring messages to the age and demographics of target groups (e.g. high-risk groups) to have maximal influence on behaviours. Several web-based melanoma risk prediction tools are now available in Australia, mainly designed for health professionals to identify patients’ risk of a new or subsequent primary melanoma and guide discussions with patients about primary prevention and early detection. Intervention studies have demonstrated that use of these melanoma risk prediction tools is feasible and acceptable to participants in primary care settings, and there is some evidence, including from Australian studies, that using these risk prediction tools to tailor primary prevention and early detection messages can improve sun-related behaviours. Some studies examined novel technologies, such as apps, to support early detection through skin examinations, including a very limited focus on the provision of preventive advice. These novel technologies are still largely in the research domain rather than recommended for routine use but provide a potential future opportunity to incorporate more primary prevention tailored advice. There are a number of online short courses available for primary healthcare professionals specifically focusing on skin cancer prevention. Most education and training programs for GPs and primary care nurses in the field of skin cancer focus on treatment and early detection, though some programs have specifically incorporated primary prevention education and training. A notable example is the Dermoscopy for Victorian General Practice Program, in which 93% of participating GPs reported that they had increased preventive information provided to high-risk patients and during skin examinations. Question 2 (related to barriers and enablers) Key enablers of performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Easy access and availability of guidelines and point-of-care tools and resources • A fit with existing workflows and systems, so there is minimal disruption to flow of care • Easy-to-understand patient information • Using the waiting room for collection of risk assessment information on an electronic device such as an iPad/tablet where possible • Pairing with early detection activities • Sharing of successful programs across jurisdictions. Key barriers to performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Unclear requirements and lack of confidence (self-efficacy) about prevention counselling • Limited availability of GP services especially in regional and remote areas • Competing demands, low priority, lack of time • Lack of incentives.