Bibliographies thématiques / Etichetta Multiple Traffic Light

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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Etichetta Multiple Traffic Light »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Etichetta Multiple Traffic Light"

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Hosseinyalmdary, S., et A. Yilmaz. « TRAFFIC LIGHT DETECTION USING CONIC SECTION GEOMETRY ». ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-1 (2 juin 2016) : 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-iii-1-191-2016.

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Traffic lights detection and their state recognition is a crucial task that autonomous vehicles must reliably fulfill. Despite scientific endeavors, it still is an open problem due to the variations of traffic lights and their perception in image form. Unlike previous studies, this paper investigates the use of inaccurate and publicly available GIS databases such as OpenStreetMap. In addition, we are the first to exploit conic section geometry to improve the shape cue of the traffic lights in images. Conic section also enables us to estimate the pose of the traffic lights with respect to the camera. Our approach can detect multiple traffic lights in the scene, it also is able to detect the traffic lights in the absence of prior knowledge, and detect the traffics lights as far as 70 meters. The proposed approach has been evaluated for different scenarios and the results show that the use of stereo cameras significantly improves the accuracy of the traffic lights detection and pose estimation.
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Hosseinyalmdary, S., et A. Yilmaz. « TRAFFIC LIGHT DETECTION USING CONIC SECTION GEOMETRY ». ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-1 (2 juin 2016) : 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-1-191-2016.

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Traffic lights detection and their state recognition is a crucial task that autonomous vehicles must reliably fulfill. Despite scientific endeavors, it still is an open problem due to the variations of traffic lights and their perception in image form. Unlike previous studies, this paper investigates the use of inaccurate and publicly available GIS databases such as OpenStreetMap. In addition, we are the first to exploit conic section geometry to improve the shape cue of the traffic lights in images. Conic section also enables us to estimate the pose of the traffic lights with respect to the camera. Our approach can detect multiple traffic lights in the scene, it also is able to detect the traffic lights in the absence of prior knowledge, and detect the traffics lights as far as 70 meters. The proposed approach has been evaluated for different scenarios and the results show that the use of stereo cameras significantly improves the accuracy of the traffic lights detection and pose estimation.
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Yeh, Tien-Wen, Huei-Yung Lin et Chin-Chen Chang. « Traffic Light and Arrow Signal Recognition Based on a Unified Network ». Applied Sciences 11, no 17 (31 août 2021) : 8066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178066.

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We present a traffic light detection and recognition approach for traffic lights that utilizes convolutional neural networks. We also introduce a technique for identifying arrow signal lights in multiple urban traffic environments. For detection, we use map data and two different focal length cameras for traffic light detection at various distances. For recognition, we propose a new algorithm that combines object detection and classification to recognize the light state classes of traffic lights. Furthermore, we use a unified network by sharing features to decrease computation time. The results reveal that the proposed approach enables high-performance traffic light detection and recognition.
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SREEVARDHAN, V., V. SANTOSH et E. RAHUL. « AUTOMATIC SYNCHRONISED FSM BASED TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER ». International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing 11, no 1 (30 janvier 2022) : 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijcsmc.2022.v11i01.029.

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Traffic light controller is designed to show the behavior of the traffic lights system and also a kind of good sequential circuit. Xilinx vivado is a tool which is being used to Annalise the heavy traffic by analyzing it through the various tools such as NEXYS-4, ARTIX -7, FPGA Board. The approach can be success by allowing a proper access to the areas shared through the multiple intersections and allocating effective time between various users, on or off the peaking hours. Theoretically the waiting times for drivers during peak hours has been reduced further, therefore this is system is better than the one which is being used at the moment. Further improvements include addition of other function to the designed circuit which suits to the various upcoming traffic conditions at different location. Traffic is the one of the biggest problem in this modern world due to this problem so many people are suffering even ambulances are not getting out of traffic in cities. This is our small initiation to make easy flow and control of traffic.
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Iqbal, Masab, Luis Velasco, Marc Ruiz, Nelson Costa, Antonio Napoli, Joao Pedro et Jaume Comellas. « Supporting Heterogenous Traffic on Top of Point-to-Multipoint Light-Trees ». Sensors 23, no 5 (23 février 2023) : 2500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052500.

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New 5 G and beyond services demand innovative solutions in optical transport to increase efficiency and flexibility and reduce capital (CAPEX) and operational (OPEX) expenditures to support heterogeneous and dynamic traffic. In this context, optical point-to-multipoint (P2MP) connectivity is seen as an alternative to provide connectivity to multiple sites from a single source, thus potentially both reducing CAPEX and OPEX. Digital subcarrier multiplexing (DSCM) has been shown as a feasible candidate for optical P2MP in view of its ability to generate multiple subcarriers (SC) in the frequency domain that can be used to serve several destinations. This paper proposes a different technology, named optical constellation slicing (OCS), that enables a source to communicate with multiple destinations by focusing on the time domain. OCS is described in detail and compared to DSCM by simulation, where the results show that both OCS and DSCM provide a good performance in terms of the bit error rate (BER) for access/metro applications. An exhaustive quantitative study is afterwards carried out to compare OCS and DSCM considering its support to dynamic packet layer P2P traffic only and mixed P2P and P2MP traffic; throughput, efficiency, and cost are used here as the metrics. As a baseline for comparison, the traditional optical P2P solution is also considered in this study. Numerical results show that OCS and DSCM provide a better efficiency and cost savings than traditional optical P2P connectivity. For P2P only traffic, OCS and DSCM are utmost 14.6% more efficient than the traditional lightpath solution, whereas for heterogeneous P2P + P2MP traffic, a 25% efficiency improvement is achieved, making OCS 12% more efficient than DSCM. Interestingly, the results show that for P2P only traffic, DSCM provides more savings of up to 12% than OCS, whereas for heterogeneous traffic, OCS can save up to 24.6% more than DSCM.
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Poythress, Vern. « A simple traffic-light semiotic model for tagmemic theory ». Semiotica 2018, no 225 (6 novembre 2018) : 253–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2017-0025.

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AbstractThe complexity and flexibility of tagmemic theory, as a semiotic theory developed by Kenneth L. Pike, can be better understood by examining how it applies to a simple semiotic system like traffic lights. We can then compare the result with how it functions in analyzing a piece of natural language. Tagmemic theory introduces three observer viewpoints – the particle view, the wave view, and the field view. Each view generates a suite of questions to answer. Any one of the views results in a “complete” description of traffic lights, from which the information about the other views can be inferred. And yet each view is distinct in texture from the others, and the existence of such multiple views – each with a claim to emic integrity and each serving as a perspective on the whole – has to be accounted for in a robust semiotic approach. The same phenomena occur when we apply the three views to the analysis of meaning in natural language. The chief illustration is to analyze the meaning of the word dog in multiple ways. The multi-dimensional potential for semiotic analysis highlights the limitations of Aristotelian logic and symbolic logic, both of which simplify for the sake of rigor.
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Jafari, Sadiqa, Zeinab Shahbazi et Yung-Cheol Byun. « Improving the Road and Traffic Control Prediction Based on Fuzzy Logic Approach in Multiple Intersections ». Mathematics 10, no 16 (9 août 2022) : 2832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10162832.

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Traffic congestion is a significant issue in many countries today. The suggested method is a novel control method based on multiple intersections considering the kind of traffic light and the duration of the green phase to determine the optimal balance at intersections by using fuzzy logic control, for which the balance should be adaptable to the unchanging behavior of time. It should reduce traffic volume in transport, average waits for each vehicle, and collisions between cars by controlling this balance in response to the typical behavior of time and randomness in traffic conditions. The proposed method is investigated at intersections using a sampling multi-agent system to set traffic light timings appropriately. The program is provided with many intersections, each of which is an independent entity exchanging information with the others. The stability per entity is proven separately. Simulation results show that Takagi–Sugeno (TS) fuzzy modeling performs better than Takagi–Sugeno (TS) fixed-time scheduling in decreasing the length of queueing times for vehicles.
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Shunu, Daniel. « IMPROVING TRAFFIC FLOW AT INTERSECTION USING INTELLIGENT TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ». Computer Science & ; IT Research Journal 1, no 2 (18 avril 2020) : 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/csitrj.v1i2.137.

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In this study, a proposed intelligent traffic management system is presented making use of the wireless sensor network for improving traffic flow. By making use of the clustering algorithm, VANET environment is utilized for the proposed system. The components of the proposed system include sensor node hardware, vehicle detection system through magnetometer, and UDP protocol for communication between the nodes. The intersection control agent receives the information about the vehicles and by making use of its algorithm, it dynamically changes the traffic light timings. By making use of the greedy algorithm, the system can be enhanced to a wider area by connecting multiple intersections.
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KRISHNAN, SUREN, RAJAN THANGAVELOO, SHAPI-EE BIN ABD RAHMAN et SIVA RAJA SINDIRAMUTTY. « Smart Ambulance Traffic Control System ». Trends in Undergraduate Research 4, no 1 (29 juin 2021) : c28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/tur.2831.2021.

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The traffic lights control system is broadly implemented to track and control the flow of vehicles through the intersection of multiple roads. Nevertheless, the synchronization of traffic light system at adjacent junctions is an intricate issue given the different parameters involved. Existing traffic light control systems do not control many flows approaching the same junctions. This results in traffic jams and congestion at urban areas or major cities with high volume traffic consisting of various types of vehicles. This includes emergency ambulances travelling on the same traffic junction during peak hour traffic. Thus, an enhanced traffic light control system is imperative to provide a smooth and free flow for an ambulance on the way to its destination. The Smart Ambulance Traffic Control System proposed in this paper is an integrated system of traffic light control for emergency ambulance service. The traffic lights can be controlled in a timely and efficient manner every time an emergency ambulance is approaching. The Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) is used as an instrument to communicate with traffic lights during traffic congestion. The emergency ambulance driver needs to activate the RFID tag to allow the detection of RFID readers to control the traffic light operation at the upcoming traffic light junctions. The traffic lights in the path of the ambulance are forced to be green to allow the emergency ambulance to pass through the junction with top priority. Immediately after the ambulance has passed the junction, the control system will reset and return to normal operations.
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Guo, Jian, et István Harmati. « Comparison of Game Theoretical Strategy and Reinforcement Learning in Traffic Light Control ». Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 48, no 4 (8 juin 2020) : 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pptr.15923.

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Many traffic models and control methods have already been utilized in the public transportation system due to the increasing traffic congestion. Thus, an intelligent traffic model is formalized and presented to control multiple traffic light simultaneously and efficiently according to the distribution of vehicles from each incoming link (i.e. sections) in this paper. Compared with constant strategy, two methods are proposed for traffic light control, i.e., game theoretical strategy and reinforcement learning methods. Game theoretical strategy is generated in a game theoretical framework where incoming links are regarded as players and the combination of the status of traffic lights can be regarded as decisions made by these players. The cost function is evaluated and the strategy is produced with Nash equilibrium for passing maximum vehicles in an intersection. The other one is Single-Agent Reinforcement Learning (SARL), specifically with the Q-learning algorithm in this case, which is usually used in such a dynamic environment to control traffic flow so the traffic problem could be improved. Generally, the intersection is regarded as the centralized agent and controlling signal status is considered as the actions of the agent. The performance of these two methods is compared after simulated and implemented in a junction.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Etichetta Multiple Traffic Light"

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SAMPALEAN, NICULINA IUDITA. « ESPLORAZIONE DEL COMPORTAMENTO DEI CONSUMATORI NEI CONFRONTI DELLE DIVERSE ETICHETTE RELATIVE AGLI ALIMENTI DI QUALITÀ CERTIFICATA DALL'UNIONE EUROPEA ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/115280.

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Qualsiasi prodotto alimentare che si trova sul mercato contiene diverse etichette che aiutano i consumatori nel loro processo decisionale quando fanno acquisti. Questo aiuto può essere garantito solo se i consumatori comprendono il significato di queste etichette, le differenze tra loro e le informazioni che certificano. La tesi ha esplorato il ruolo delle etichette nel settore del marketing alimentare usando studi condotti sull'approccio del consumatore. Utilizzando diversi metodi (statistici ed econometrici), abbiamo analizzato le percezioni, la consapevolezza e la conoscenza dei consumatori verso alcune etichette alimentari e le loro preferenze e comportamenti verso i prodotti alimentari che portano queste etichette (etichette nutrizionali sul fronte della confezione e marchi di qualità europei). I prodotti alimentari certificati di qualità sono stati scelti perché sono drammaticamente rilevanti per il settore agroalimentare europeo, e ancora di più per quello italiano dove costituisce la DOP Economy, data la sua densità. Sulla base dei risultati abbiamo formulato alcune raccomandazioni di marketing, policy, e di comunicazione che potrebbero essere utilizzate dai consorzi per migliorare l'impegno dei consumatori per i prodotti con marchi di qualità. Le raccomandazioni sono state rivolte anche ai policy maker e ai produttori dei prodotti DOP/IGP/STG/Organici ma anche ai policy maker dell'Etichettatura Nutrizionale.
Any food product found on the market contains several labels that help consumers in their decision making when shopping. This help can be guaranteed only if the consumers understand the significance of those labels, the differences between them and the information that they certify. The thesis explored labels’ role in the food marketing sector and studies were carried out according to consumer approach. Using different methods (statistics and econometrics), we analyzed consumers perceptions, awareness, knowledge towards some food labels and their preferences and behavior toward food products bearing these labels (Front of Packaging Nutritional Labels and Quality labels). Quality certified food products were chosen because are dramatically relevant for the European agri-food sector, even more of the Italian one where it forms the DOP Economy, due to its density. Assessments of several food labels from a consumer behavior perspective was carried out. Based on the findings we formulated some policy, marketing recommendations and communication suggestions that could be used by the consortia to enhance consumers’ engagement for products with quality certifications (PDO/PG/TSG or organic). The recommendations were also addressed to policy makers and producers of the PDO/PGI/TSG/Organic products but also to the policy makers of the Nutritional Labelling.
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Hosseinyalamdary, Saivash Hosseinyalamdary. « Traffic Scene Perception using Multiple Sensors for Vehicular Safety Purposes ». The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1462803166.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Etichetta Multiple Traffic Light"

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Wilbrink, Marc, et Michael Oehl. « The More the Better ? Comparison of Different On-Board HMI Communication Strategies for Highly Automated Vehicles Using a LED Light-Band to Inform Passengers About Safe Interactions with Multiple Surrounding Traffic Participants ». Dans Communications in Computer and Information Science, 441–48. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19682-9_56.

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Tsiropoulou, Eirini Eleni, Panagiotis Vamvakas et Symeon Papavassiliou. « Resource Allocation in Multi-Tier Femtocell and Visible-Light Heterogeneous Wireless Networks ». Dans Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 210–46. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2023-8.ch010.

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The increasing demand in mobile data traffic, data hungry services and high QoS prerequisites have led to the design of advanced multi-tier heterogeneous cellular networks. In this chapter, a multi-tier heterogeneous wireless network is examined consisting of the macrocell, multiple femtocells and multiple Visible Light Communication (VLC) cells. Distributed resource allocation approaches in two-tier femtocells are presented focusing on (a) power allocation and interference management, (b) joint power and rate allocation, and (c) resource allocation and pricing policies. Similarly, the most prominent resource allocation approaches in two-tier VLC cells are examined, including (a) user association and adaptive bandwidth allocation, (b) joint bandwidth and power allocation, and (c) interference bounded resource blocks allocation and power control. The resource allocation problem in the two-tier heterogeneous environment where both femtocells and VLC-LANs are simultaneously present is also discussed. Finally, detailed future directions and comprehensive conclusions are provided.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Etichetta Multiple Traffic Light"

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Jang, Chulhoon, Chansoo Kim, Dongchul Kim, Minchae Lee et Myoungho Sunwoo. « Multiple exposure images based traffic light recognition ». Dans 2014 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2014.6856541.

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Zhou, Binbin, Jiannong Cao et Hejun Wu. « Adaptive Traffic Light Control of Multiple Intersections in WSN-Based ITS ». Dans 2011 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2011-Spring). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vetecs.2011.5956434.

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Joyo, Ambteen, Kaziq Yaqub et Nicholas Madamopoulos. « Managing traffic-light-duration by exploiting smart antenna technology (MATSAT) for coordinated multiple-intersections (CMI) ». Dans 2015 International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icet.2015.7389226.

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Saedi, Kazem, et Amir Hossein Mohajcrzadeh. « Designing a Light-Weighted Multi-Class and Novel Multiple Logical Fuzzy Controller to Manage Intelligent Urban Traffic ». Dans 2018 8th International Conference on Computer and Knowledge Engineering (ICCKE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccke.2018.8566565.

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Racila, Laurentiu. « Saturation flow mathematical model based on multiple combinations of lane groups ». Dans CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.4254.

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The ideal value of the traffic stream that can pass through an intersection is known as the saturation flow rate per hour on vehicle green time. The saturation flow is important in the understanding of the traffic light cycle and from there the understanding the Level of Service. The paper wishes to evaluate through a series of applied mathematical methods the effect of different lane grouping and critical lane group concept on the saturation flow rate. The importance of this method is that it creates a base for a signalized intersections timing plan.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4254
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Xing, Dong, Qian Zheng, Qianhui Liu et Gang Pan. « TinyLight : Adaptive Traffic Signal Control on Devices with Extremely Limited Resources ». Dans Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/555.

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Recent advances in deep reinforcement learning (DRL) have largely promoted the performance of adaptive traffic signal control (ATSC). Nevertheless, regarding the implementation, most works are cumbersome in terms of storage and computation. This hinders their deployment on scenarios where resources are limited. In this work, we propose TinyLight, the first DRL-based ATSC model that is designed for devices with extremely limited resources. TinyLight first constructs a super-graph to associate a rich set of candidate features with a group of light-weighted network blocks. Then, to diminish the model's resource consumption, we ablate edges in the super-graph automatically with a novel entropy-minimized objective function. This enables TinyLight to work on a standalone microcontroller with merely 2KB RAM and 32KB ROM. We evaluate TinyLight on multiple road networks with real-world traffic demands. Experiments show that even with extremely limited resources, TinyLight still achieves competitive performance. The source code and appendix of this work can be found at https://bit.ly/38hH8t8.
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Nagy, Wim, Glenn Thierens, Hendrik Blontrock, Hans De Backer, Philippe Van Bogaert, Kristel Reynaert et Johan Maljaars. « Fatigue assessment of an existing orthotropic steel deck to comply with future traffic intensity ». Dans IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019 : The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland : International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0711.

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<p>Orthotropic Steel Decks (OSDs) are widely used in long span bridges because of their extremely light weight when compared to their load carrying capacity. These deck types typically consist of a grillage of closed trapezoidal longitudinal stiffeners and transverse web stiffeners, welded to a deck plate. As a result, fatigue problems occur due to the extensive use of complex welded connections. Unfortunately, fatigue effects have often been overlooked during design, which was also the case for an important multiple span box girder viaduct in Belgium (1978).</p><p>Due to a renovation program of the ring road around Brussels, the number of traffic lanes on the viaduct should be extended from three to four. As a result, questions have been raised about the current structural health of the OSD due to fatigue and future fatigue damage accumulation. Therefore, extensive FEM analyses have been performed, taking into account various parameters such as increased traffic volume and accompanying axle loads, historical positions of the heavy lanes, historical road pavements and their temperature-dependent load spreading effects. In conclusion, accurate fatigue damages have been determined for all fatigue details. Therefore, focused inspections and design solutions can be provided, resulting in a durable bridge management for the next 60 years.</p>
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Brandenburg, Elisabeth, Stefanie Zander, Asmus Figge et Grischa Beier. « Recommendations for Tracelink Decisions – An Empirical Investigation of Visualizations ». Dans Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100121.

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Today, engineering processes integrate many subsystems from different domains like Mechanics, Electrics or Software. Therefore the systems that are engineered become more and more complex. As system complexity increases, the number of dependencies between subsystems increases as well. Hence, engineers are obliged to keep track on these dependencies via tracelinks. The present paper investigates four types of decision support (percentages, brief information, a traffic light metaphor and a half-star rating) that help engineers to decide if a tracelink should be set or not. Moreover multiple objective and subjective dependent measures were assessed. Despite the pre-study character of the present work results indicate that the half-star rating system was best in terms of objective performance, at least for experts. Implications of these findings are discussed.
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Han, Jihun, Daliang Shen, Dominik Karbowski et Aymeric Rousseau. « Leveraging Multiple Connected Traffic Light Signals in an Energy-Efficient Speed Planner**This report and the work described were sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) under the Systems and Modelling for Accelerated Research in Transportation (SMART) Mobility Laboratory Consortium, an initiative of the Energy Efficient Mobility Systems (EEMS) Program. » Dans 2021 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc50511.2021.9483424.

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Gilleo, Ken. « MEMS, MOEMS and Optoelectronics ». Dans ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/mems-23900.

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Abstract Traditional MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) devices have been with us for decades. A micromechanical motion sensor connected to the airbag electronics in your vehicle is always ready to send the instant message that can save your life. Sensing an abrupt change in motion indicating a crash, the MEMS accelerometer sends the command to fire the airbag. Today, multiple-axis motion-monitoring chips are on the market, so sensitive, that they can measure subtle hand motions. The ADI 202 will be demonstrated as part of this presentation. MEMS sensors are in wide use today but much more advanced activator type products are gaining market recognition as this technology advances. MOEMS (MicroOptoElectroMechanical Systems), or optical MEMS, adds “light” or optics to the technology cluster to provide the most advanced nano-devices yet. Texas Instruments is a pioneer in the MOEMS field with their highly successful Digital Micromirror Device (DMD™) now used in the best digital projectors and in cinemas. The DMD has more moving parts than a Boeing 777 and the Space Shuttle combined. We will do a case study of the DMD technology and review three products including “Redtooth” fiberless optics wireless. Optoelectronics, an “old-new” technology, is now the centerpiece of advanced communications especially for long-haul communications. A single optical fiber replaces over 4-million copper wires because of the unimaginable bandwidth resulting from the million-times higher frequency of light and the ability to multiplex hundreds of signals over a single fiber using Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM). But Internet links must be switched back and forth between electronic and photonic media. The reason is that routers and switches depend on electronics while transmission utilizes photonics. Many believe that MOEMS-based switches will solve the multiple conversion bottleneck allowing all-optical systems to smoothly handle traffic. So while MEMS, MOEMS and OE are separate, they all come together in fields like telecom. This paper will highlight these technologies and show how they will merge in an incredible future.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Etichetta Multiple Traffic Light"

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Cheng, Wen, Yongping Zhang et Edward Clay. Comprehensive Performance Assessment of Passive Crowdsourcing for Counting Pedestrians and Bikes. Mineta Transportation Institute, février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2025.

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Individuals who walk and cycle experience a variety of health and economic benefits while simultaneously benefiting their local environments and communities. It is essential to correctly obtain pedestrian and bicyclist counts for better design and planning of active transportation-related facilities. In recent years, crowdsourcing has seen a rise in popularity due to the multiple advantages relative to traditional methods. Nevertheless, crowdsourced data have been applied in fewer studies, and their reliability and performance relative to other conventional methods are rarely documented. To this end, this research examines the consistency between crowdsourced and traditionally collected count data. Additionally, the research aims to develop the adjustment factor between the crowdsourced and permanent counter data and to estimate the annual average daily traffic (AADT) data based on hourly volume and other predictor variables such as time, day, weather, land use, and facility type. With some caveats, the results demonstrate that the Street Light crowdsourcing count data for pedestrians and bicyclists appear to be a promising alternative to the permanent counters.
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