Articles de revues : « Ethics rating »

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Семенова, Л., L. Semenova, М. Кудрявцева et M. Kudryavceva. « Ethical Issues of Business Communication in Modern Russia ». Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 6, n^o 6 (29 novembre 2017) : 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a12b316b45525.54849236.

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The digital revolution that accomplished in the world in the last decade, has brought to life many social phenomena, the consequences of which require a multidimensional understanding, primarily from the point of view of socio-psychological and socio-cultural risks. Russian reality is especially risky because of mental and cultural factors shaping its national identity. The aim of the study is massive amounts of information, influencing on the outworld’s numerous communication channels, and first of all, on communication. A special place in this context is the ethics of social responsibility policy of business and commercial advertising which using manipulative techniques that are valid from the standpoint of law, but violating ethical requirements. There remains an insufficient degree of implementation of the principles of ethics in corporate and professional communications of Russia. The authors, using methodological approaches: systemic, deontological and ethic-axiological, held a theoretical and empirical study of large amounts of information on social responsibility of Russian business, commercial advertising, corporate and professional ethics in Russia, taking into account public interests. We studied the results of studies of corporate governance, transparency and business ethics, the ratings of social responsibility, corruption, etc. The systematic approach allowed us to consider integrated communications as a system, a holistic set of interrelated components. Deontological approach to the analysis of business communications is the nitial source of the rating of such categories as proper, perfect, multifunctional, and normative. Ethic-axiological approach allows to evaluate actual and desired. There remains the question of the relationship between the two main categories of ethics — duty and the good. The authors concluded that there needed an optimization of the process of ethical regulation of business communication in modern Russia.

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Baydar, Fatih. « Rating and Evaluation of Ethical Behaviors of Education Managers with AHP Analysis Technique, one of the Modern Decision Support Systems ». International Journal of Educational Administration and Leadership : Theory and Practice 1, n^o 1 (13 novembre 2022) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52380/ijedal.2022.1.1.6.

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This study aims to create a model for rating and evaluation the ethical behaviors that education administrators will use in decision-making processes by using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is one of the modern decision support systems. The research used the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, one of the modern decision support systems developed by Saaty (1980), which allows the joint analysis of quantitative and qualitative data. The data collection instrument for the study is the Ethical Leadership Scale developed by Ylmaz (2006). Research data were collected from 15 school administrators and teachers working in Kartal, Pendik, Maltepe, and Sultanbeyli districts on the Anatolian side of Istanbul province during. The purposive sampling method was used to determine the study group. The ethical behaviors identified using the sub-dimensions of the scale were compared in pairs and ranked according to their importance. The results revealed that the most important ethical behaviors managers should have in all their values and behavioral ethics are truthfulness and honesty. In the dimension of environmental ethics, managers are expected to create the freest environments, while managers are expected to be the fairest in the dimension of communication ethics. Managers are expected to have these values and apply them in their lives. When managers make decisions in the management process, they should act rationally and consider the ethical dimensions of the decisions.

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Landi, Giovanni, et Valerio Rapone. « The Impact of Adopting Corporate Social Responsibility on Corporate Financial Performance : Evidence From Italian Listed Companies ». International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 8, n^o 4 (11 octobre 2018) : 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v8i4.13734.

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This paper aims to analyse whether social rating can impact on financial performance of major Italian companies listed on the stock exchange and, subsequently, whether the Italian stock market has proved awareness of social and environmental issues.The study will highlight how companies included in the Italian FTSE MIB index have reacted to the Subprime Mortgage and Sovereign Debt crises, opting for socially responsible investments. The analysis describes the stock exchange trend of the FTSE MIB index companies, considering the ethical rating assigned to them by Standard Ethics on a yearly basis, over a period ranging from 2007 to 2013.The results of the Panel Data analysis conducted on the chosen sample seek to explain whether an ethical rating is a discriminating variable for an investor, analysing the existence of a significant relationship between socially responsible investments of a listed company and its stock market performance.

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Jamaiudin, Norhaslinda, Normala Adnan, Rabi'ah Aminuddin et S. M. Abdul Quddus. « Towards Developing an Integrity Framework in Performance Appraisal System (PAS) in the Malaysian Public Sector : A Preliminary Analysis from Justice and Ethical Perspectives ». Management and Organizational Studies 5, n^o 1 (15 janvier 2018) : 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/mos.v5n1p37.

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The implementation of Performance Appraisal System (PAS) is seen as a strategic move to foster performance-basedwork culture in the Malaysia’s public sector. Embedded in pay-for performance system, the new appraisal systemwhich was first introduced in 1992 establishes linkage between pay system, performance and competenciesdevelopment. However, the chain tying pay to performance appears to be weak. Massive disappointment signalspoor implementation as the appraisal system was overshadowed by inappropriate instrument design, rater error,inaccurate rating, bias assessment, etc. These major setbacks have evoked concern over ethical and fairness in thepractices of PAS. Occurrence of problems in the implementation of PAS signified erosion of justice and ethics in thepractices of PAS, thus lead to growing demand for integrity-based performance assessment system. This preliminaryanalysis therefore seeks to examine the relationship between ethic, justice and the practices of PAS in the Malaysia’spublic sector. Correlation coefficient results disclosed positive association between variables as the instrument used,process employed are moderately associated with ethics and justice dimensions. The appraisal system is likelyperceived to be good if fair assessment and ethical supervision were present and vice versa. This study deliberatelydiscusses the aforementioned issues through integrated framework based on organizational justice and workcharacter ethics theories and proposed framework for integrity enhancement in the implementation of PAS.Significantly, this article makes a theoretical contribution towards developing higher integrity capacity which oftenrequires in HRM practice.

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Chukwuedo, Samson Onyeluka, et Charles Chukwuedo Nathaniel. « TEACHER EDUCATION POLICY, ETHICS, AND QUALITY OF GRADUATES : TRIAD ENTITIES FOR REMODELING GENERAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING ». ŠVIETIMAS : POLITIKA, VADYBA, KOKYBĖ / EDUCATION POLICY, MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY 12, n^o 2 (15 décembre 2020) : 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/spvk-epmq/20.12.92.

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The rating of an education system largely depends on the policy, ethical practices, and quality of the graduates. Thus, this research explores lecturers’ perception of the teacher education policy, ethics, and quality of its graduates. The research also theorized that policy, ethics, and quality are triad entities of an ideal educational institution. Hence, the relations between policy, ethics, and quality of graduate teachers were ascertained. The mixed-method design (qualitative and quantitative approaches) was employed. Participants were 606 lecturers of colleges of education and universities in Nigeria. For data collection, questionnaire and focus group discussions were employed. The questionnaire was validated by three experts, while its reliability (α = .889) was determined using Cronbach’s alpha method. Quantitative data were analysed with mean, standard deviation, and bivariate correlation. To analyse the qualitative data, thematic analysis was employed. Results revealed that teacher education policy and ethical practices in Nigeria were unsatisfactory, as perceived by the lecturers. More so, the quality of graduate teachers from Nigerian tertiary institutions declines. Hence, the need for attention on policy, ethics, and quality in teacher education programmes. Keywords: teacher education, education policy, ethics in education, quality of graduates, vocational education

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Kang, HoSeong, et JungYoon Kim. « Redesigning and Implementing the Public Game Information and Rating System in South Korea ». Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2022 (10 octobre 2022) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8245983.

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Rating reviews in the game industry aim to enhance the protection of young users, promote game ethics, and prevent negative use of it as a gambling but recent studies and public opinions have reported that the current rating system in South Korea is excessively regulative. To address this issue, this study was conducted to redesign the public game rating system on the Game Ratings and Administration Committee (GRAC) for the public data usage based on the comparison with other better structured media rating systems. The redesigned system utilized a parsing technique to easily access specific data or items, and a Jsoup library was utilized in the Java environment. The system consists of a URL collection module, connection module, detailed collection module, and storage module. If a user requests information from a game rating database through the proposed system, the requested information is arranged sequentially and provided to the user in XML and JSON forms. The designed and implemented collection data were comparatively inclusive and structural to satisfy the public for the better and easier public data usage. This study is expected to help build an environment where game users can obtain information both easily and correctly, and it will eventually lead to a better understanding of the current game industry in South Korea and its clear way to go.

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Piryani, Rano Mal, et Suneel Piryani. « Trainings to Train Teachers Helping Dental Students Learn Ethics : Feedback of the Participants ». Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences 8, n^o 1 (1 juillet 2020) : 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v8i1.29784.

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INTRODUCTION: Short-term trainings for faculty members in ethics at different contexts have been shown positive impact. The objective of this study was to assess the feedback of the participant faculty. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three short trainings to train teachers helping dental students learn ethics were organized in Jan-Feb 2019 in Universal College of Medical Sciences Bhairahawa Nepal. Twenty-five dental faculty members participated in these training; each training was of four hours. At the end of each training feedback was taken from the participants on semi-structured questionnaire. RESULTS: The rating of participants was notable on scale 1-10 for usefulness (8.84±1.03), content (8.36±1.35), relevance (8.68±0.90), facilitation (8.72± 1.21) and overall 8.92± 0.91. Their confidence level in conducting and facilitating "Think-Pair- Share" interactive session (3.68±0.69) and "Group-Work Discussion" (3.76±0.83) have increased on Likert scale 1-5. Participants rated teaching dental clinical ethics session as extremely important (3.96±0.20) on Likert scale 1-4. The participants also expressed they understand the importance of ethics teaching and practices and gained confidence to teach ethics to students. CONCLUSION: The rating on the training is notable; the perception of participants was positive regarding training and training enhanced their confidence to teach students.

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Hausmanninger, Thomas. « Pragmatic Actions or Ethics Needed ? » International Review of Information Ethics 1 (1 juin 2004) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/irie271.

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Do we need global ethics for the net? Is it even possible to put these into the form of a universal agreement, embodying the necessary rules and principles in an all-encompassing code of conduct? Or will any such endeavors simply shatter on the differences of cultures? Ought they be labeled as sort of attempted imperialism, more subtle perhaps in comparison with other forms of cultural imperialism—but nevertheless an attempt of such? If so, then ethical concepts need to be restricted to territorially or ethnically specific realms. In that case, the quest for Net-Ethics could perhaps be substituted by pragmatic actions: instruments of control that are simply technical and formal, devoid of moral input and moral convictions. Such a viewpoint has been offered lately in the form of a concept by the Bertelsmann Foundation, which combines rating and filtering instruments with a social lattice-work of net-supervision and transnational combinations of institutions of control. That concept indeed has its charm. It has its problems too; problems that can be made obvious from an ethical viewpoint and which counter the notion, that it is possible to supplant moral instances with pragmatic action. The text therefore reconstructs the concept in question, criticizes it and attempts to sketch an ethical approach to the problem that respects diversity and plurality.

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Abdullahi, Adamu Yakubu, et Auwal Abdullahi. « Reliability of Clinical Rating Scale in Evaluation of Head Control in children with Cerebral Palsy ». Clinical Health Promotion - Research and Best Practice for patients, staff and community 11, n^o 1 (2021) : 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29102/clinhp.21003.

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Introduction The clinical rating scale for head control assesses control of head/neck in children with neurological conditions. Head control is important for activities of daily living and quality of life in children. Objectives The aim of the study was to determine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the scale in children with Cerebral Palsy. Method The study was a cross-sectional study approved by Research ethics committees of Kano State Ministry of Health and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital involving children with CP. Three independent raters assessed the children using Clinical Rating Scale for Head Control at two different times, and the intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities were analyzed using kappa statistics and Bland-Altman analysis. Results Fifty children with CP with mean age, 24.17±12.17 months participated in the study. The result of the study showed that there were very good agreement in all the test positions for the three raters and between the first and the second ratings and in all the test positions between the three raters respectively (k>0.8). Similarly, there was no proportional bias between ratings in 24 of the measurements (p>0.05). Conclusion Clinical rating scale for head control seems to be a reliable instrument. Thus, it can be used to monitor the progress of rehabilitation in CP patients to help improve their quality of life.

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Scalet, Steven, et Thomas F. Kelly. « The Ethics of Credit Rating Agencies : What Happened and the Way Forward ». Journal of Business Ethics 111, n^o 4 (28 janvier 2012) : 477–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1212-y.

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Landi, Giovanni, et Mauro Sciarelli. « Towards a more ethical market : the impact of ESG rating on corporate financial performance ». Social Responsibility Journal 15, n^o 1 (4 février 2019) : 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-11-2017-0254.

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Purpose This paper fits in a research field dealing with the impact of Corporate Ethics Assessment on Financial Performance. The authors argue how environmental, social and governance (ESG) paradigm, meant to measure corporate social performance by rating issuance, can impact on abnormal returns of Italian firms listed on Financial Times Stock Exchange Milano Indice di Borsa (FTSE MIB) Index, developing a panel data analysis which runs from 2007 to 2015. Design/methodology/approach This study aims at exploring whether socially responsible investors outperform an excess market return on Italian Stock Exchange because of their investment behavior, testing statistically the relationship between the yearly ESG assessment issued by Standard Ethics Agency on FTSE MIB’s companies and their abnormal returns. To verify the impact of an ESG Rating on a company’s abnormal return, the authors developed a panel data analysis through a Fixed Effects Model. They measured abnormal returns via Fama–French approach, running a yearly Jensen’s Performance Index for each company under investigation. Findings The empirical results denote in Italy both a growing interest to corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability by managers over the past decade, as well as an improving quality in ESG assessments because of a reliable corporate disclosure. Thus, despite investors have been applying ESG criteria in their stock – picking operations, the authors found a not positive and statistically significant impact in terms of market premium, when they have been undertaking a socially responsible investment (SRI). Practical implications The findings described above show that ethics is not yet a reliable fundraising tool for Italian-listed companies, despite SRIs having a positive growth rate over past decade. Investors seem to be not pricing CSR on Stock Exchange Market; therefore, listed companies cannot be rewarded with a premium price because of their highly stakeholder oriented behavior. Originality/value This paper explores, for the first time in Italy, when market extra-returns (if any) are related to corporate social performance and how managers leverage ethics to build capital added value.

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Guzmán Hurtado, Zoila Marlubeth. « Socialización, medios de comunicación y ética ». Cultura, n^o 35 (30 décembre 2021) : 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24265/cultura.2021.v35.04.

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En toda sociedad, cada uno de sus componentes y cada una de sus instituciones cumplen un rol determinante. El rol de los medios de comunicación es vital para sustentar la socialización, habiendo llegado incluso a ser llamados elementos democratizadores. Pero hoy en día están operando en contra de sus reales funciones y asumiendo a todas luces comportamientos antiéticos. Esto no solamente se pone de manifiesto en el periodismo cada vez más desprestigiado, también está operando en los distintos formatos y géneros de manera cada vez más acentuada. Los programas de entretenimiento incurren con frecuencia en la vulgaridad y con toda impunidad pisotean la Ley N° 28278 (Ley de Radio y Televisión), de tal manera que han llegado a generar la intervención del Poder Judicial, evidenciando que los medios de comunicación y los comunicadores no se pueden autorregular. Pero ¿por qué hemos llegado a esta crisis? ¿Qué pasó con los comunicadores, con los profesionales de la verdad? Es entonces cuando caemos en cuenta de que el comunicador, en sus distintas ramas, debe recuperar su identidad como profesional y no limitarse a ser solamente un buscador de likes o de rating.

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Choi, Suk Bong, S. M. Ebrahim Ullah et Won Jun Kwak. « Ethical Leadership and Followers' Attitudes Toward Corporate Social Responsibility : The Role of Perceived Ethical Work Climate ». Social Behavior and Personality : an international journal 43, n^o 3 (23 avril 2015) : 353–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2015.43.3.353.

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Increasing attention is being paid to how leaders influence followers' perceptions of the importance of ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR) for organizational effectiveness. However, few researchers have conducted empirical investigations into the impact of leadership style on followers' attitudes toward CSR. In this study, participants comprised 313 employees of 5 large financial and banking service firms in Korea. Results indicated that ethical leadership was strongly associated with followers' rating of CSR. In addition, we examined how employees' perception of ethical work climate mediates and moderates the relationship between ethical leadership and followers' attitudes toward CSR. Our findings supported a positive link between ethical leadership and followers' attitudes toward CSR, with perception of an ethical work climate acting as a significant mediator and moderator in this relationship. Implications for leadership practice and CSR, and recommendations for future research directions are discussed.

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Piryani Rano Mal et Piryani Suneel. « Trainings to train nursing teachers helping nursing students learn ethics : feedback of the participants ». Asian Pacific Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences 3, n^o 2 (30 décembre 2020) : 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.46811/apjnh/3.2.3.

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Introduction: Short-duration trainings for nursing faculty members in different contexts including ethics have been shown positive effect on faculty. The objective of the present study was to assess the feedback of the participant faculty members of “Trainings to train nursing teachers helping nursing students learn ethics.” Methodology: The training of four credits hours to train nursing teachers helping nursing students learn ethics was organized in October 22, 2019 at Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa Nepal. Fifteen nursing faculty members participated in the training. At the end of training feedback was taken from the participants using validated semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 21.Results: The rating of participants on training on scale 1-10 for usefulness (7.33±1.17), content (7.40±1.06), relevance (7.93± 0.70), facilitation (7.67± 0.98) and overall (7.93± 0.70) was notable. Their confidence level to conduct and facilitate “Think-Pair-Share” interactive session (3.68±0.69) and “Scenario-based Group-Work Discussion” (3.76±0.83) enhanced after training rated on Like rt scale 1-5(5= highly confident, 4= very confident, 3=confident, 2= to some extent confident 1= not confident). Participants rated session on “teaching clinical nursing ethics” an extremely important session (3.76±0.83) on Like rt scale 1-4 (4= extremely important, 3= moderately important, 2= slightly important, 1= not important). The participants mentioned that training environment was conducive and friendly, sessions were interactive and content was useful. They suggested to increase credit hours of training, conduct pre and post-test and include more scenario in curriculum of training. They committed for what was learnt will apply for teaching ethics to nursing students and in clinical nursing practice too. Conclusion: The rating of participants on the training was notable; the perception of participants was positive regarding training and training enhanced their confidence to teach ethics to students. This is obvious from their commitment.

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Jan, Shahida, et Zafar Iqbal. « Perception of Teacher Educators about Professional Conduct and Ethics and its Impact on Students' Academic Performance ». Global Sociological Review VI, n^o II (30 juin 2021) : 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2021(vi-ii).14.

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The present study intended to investigate the perception of teacher educators about professional conduct and ethics and its relationship with the academic performance of the students. There were 29 government colleges for elementary teachers. 90 teacher educators and 220 students were selected using a convenient sampling technique.Data was collected from teacher educators with the help of a questionnaire having five points rating scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree. To investigate the perceptions of teacher educators, measures of central tendency were used. To analyze perceptions of teacher educators on a gender basis, a t-test was applied. To find out the relationship between the perception of teacher educators about professional conduct and ethics and students' academic performance, a coefficient of correlation was applied using a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Findings demonstrated that teacher educators showed their agreement towards professional conduct and ethics. There was found significant difference between the perception of male and female teacher educators about professional conduct and ethics. The relationship between teacher educators' perception of professional conduct and ethics and students' academic performance was found statistically significant.

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Tuvesson, Hanna, et Kim Lützén. « Demographic factors associated with moral sensitivity among nursing students ». Nursing Ethics 24, n^o 7 (28 janvier 2016) : 847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733015626602.

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Background: Today’s healthcare environment is often characterized by an ethically demanding work situation, and nursing students need to prepare to meet ethical challenges in their future role. Moral sensitivity is an important aspect of the ethical decision-making process, but little is known regarding nursing students’ moral sensitivity and its possible development during nursing education. Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate moral sensitivity among nursing students, differences in moral sensitivity according to sample sub-group, and the relation between demographic characteristics of nursing students and moral sensitivity. Research design: A convenience sample of 299 nursing students from one university completed a questionnaire comprising questions about demographic information and the revised Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire. With the use of SPSS, non-parametric statistics, including logistic regression models, were used to investigate the relationship between demographic characteristics and moral sensitivity. Ethical considerations: The study followed the regulations according to the Swedish Ethical Review Act and was reviewed by the Ethics Committee of South-East Sweden. Findings: The findings showed that mean scores of nursing students’ moral sensitivity were found in the middle to upper segment of the rating scale. Multivariate analysis showed that gender (odds ratio = 3.32), age (odds ratio = 2.09; 1.73), and parental status (odds ratio = 0.31) were of relevance to nursing students’ moral sensitivity. Academic year was found to be unrelated to moral sensitivity. Discussion and conclusion: These demographic aspects should be considered when designing ethics education for nursing students. Future studies should continue to investigate moral sensitivity in nursing students, such as if and how various pedagogical strategies in ethics may contribute to moral sensitivity in nursing students.

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Monteverde, Settimio. « Undergraduate healthcare ethics education, moral resilience, and the role of ethical theories ». Nursing Ethics 21, n^o 4 (5 décembre 2013) : 385–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733013505308.

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Background: This article combines foundational and empirical aspects of healthcare education and develops a framework for teaching ethical theories inspired by pragmatist learning theory and recent work on the concept of moral resilience. It describes an exemplary implementation and presents data from student evaluation. Objectives: After a pilot implementation in a regular ethics module, the feasibility and acceptance of the novel framework by students were evaluated. Research design: In addition to the regular online module evaluation, specific questions referring to the teaching of ethical theories were added using simple (yes/no) and Likert rating answer formats. Participants and research context: At the Bern University of Applied Sciences, a total of 93 students from 2 parallel sub-cohorts of the bachelor’s program in nursing science were sent the online survey link after having been exposed to the same modular contents. A total of 62% of all students participated in the survey. Ethical considerations: The survey was voluntary and anonymous. Students were free to write their name and additional comments. Findings: Students consider ethical theories—as taught within the proposed framework—as practically applicable, useful, and transferable into practice. Discussion: Teaching ethical theories within the proposed framework overcomes the shortcomings described by current research. Students do not consider the mutually exclusive character of ethical theories as an insurmountable problem. Conclusion: The proposed framework is likely to promote the effectiveness of healthcare ethics education. Inspired by pragmatist learning theory, it enables students to consider ethical theories as educative playgrounds that help them to “frame” and “name” the ethical issues they encounter in daily practice, which is seen as an expression of moral resilience. Since it does not advocate a single ethical theory, but is open to the diversity of traditions that shape ethical thinking, it promotes a culturally sensitive, ethically reflected healthcare practice.

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Labude, Markus K., Liang Shen, Yujia Zhu, G. Owen Schaefer, Catherine Ong et Vicki Xafis. « Perspectives of Singaporean biomedical researchers and research support staff on actual and ideal IRB review functions and characteristics : A quantitative analysis ». PLOS ONE 15, n^o 12 (31 décembre 2020) : e0241783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241783.

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Background Biomedical research is overseen by numerous Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) in Singapore but there has been no research that examines how the research review process is perceived by the local research community nor is there any systematic data on perceptions regarding the review process or other research ethics processes and IRB characteristics. The aim of this study was to ascertain general views regarding the overall perceived value of ethics review processes; to measure perceptions about local IRB functions and characteristics; to identify IRB functions and characteristics viewed as important; and to compare these views with those of other international studies. Methods An online survey was used with the main component being the IRB-Researcher Assessment Tool (IRB-RAT), a validated tool, to evaluate perceptions of ideal and actual IRB functions and characteristics held by Singaporean researchers and research support staff. Data were analysed descriptively first, with mean and SD of each item of IRB-RAT questionnaire reported, excluding the respondents whose answers were unknown or not applicable. The Wilcoxon Sign Rank test was used to compare the ideal and actual ratings of each IRB-RAT item, while the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the ratings of each IRB-RAT item between respondents with different characteristics. The Z-test was used to compare the mean ratings of our cohort with the mean ratings reported in the literature. The correlation between our mean ideal scores and those of two international studies also employing the IRB-RAT was examined. Results Seventy-one respondents completed the survey. This cohort generally held positive views of the impact of the ethics review process on: the quality of research; establishing and maintaining public trust in research; the protection of research participants; and on the scientific validity of research. The most important ideal IRB characteristics were timeliness, upholding participants’ rights while also facilitating research, working with investigators to find solutions when there are disagreements, and not allowing biases to affect reviews. For almost all 45 IRB-RAT statements, the rating of the importance of the characteristic was higher than the rating of how much that characteristic was descriptive of IRBs the respondents were familiar with. There was a significant strong correlation between our study’s scores on the ideal IRB characteristics and those of the first and largest published study that employed the IRB-RAT, the US National Validation (USNV) sample in Keith-Spiegel et al. [19]. Conclusions An understanding of the perceptions held by Singaporean researchers and research support staff on the value that the ethics review process adds, their perceptions of actual IRB functions and characteristics as well as what they view as central to high functioning IRBs is the first step to considering the aspects of the review process that might benefit from improvements. This study provides insight into how our cohort compares to others internationally and highlights strengths and areas for improvement of Singapore IRBs as perceived by a small sample of the local research community. Such insights provide a springboard for additional research and may assist in further enhancing good relations so that both are working towards the same end.

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Pikuza, O. I., A. M. Zakirova et N. K. Shoshina. « Actual aspects of medical ethics in training of the pediatrician ». Kazan medical journal 95, n^o 3 (15 juin 2014) : 469–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1538.

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Nowadays the problems of medical ethics are gaining the special significance as a result of changes in social and economic relations, healthcare modernization due to appearance of new effective methods for instrumental and laboratory examinations, treatment approaches, development of market relations in medicine. The aim of the presented paper is to cover the actual aspects of medical ethics in pediatrics. The paper reviews the ethical aspects of the work of a in detail. Differentiated approach in choosing pediatrician interns, which is based not only on academic progress, but also on professional and moral qualities of the medical university alumni and continuity in their upbringing starting form the first years of the medical school until the end of post-graduate education, seems rationale. It is during the student years when the cognitive and moral values of a forthcoming specialist are formed, which may be a criterion of a suitability of working with children. The roles of the competition, including the modular approach to knowledge evaluation, professional competencies and rating system are stressed. Considering the modern requirements to a young professional, the accent is made on the role of the leading tutor in a forthcoming specialist formation. The requirements to a higher education teacher and the importance of the moral atmosphere in hospitals and faculties for forming the ethical features of a forthcoming pediatrician and improving his/her professional level according to the medical progress are outlined. Thus, teaching pediatrics has a lot of particularities, including teaching the basics of medical ethics, having an extremely important role in professional education of pediatricians for proper forming of the young professional according to contemporary life requirements.

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Blaschke, Sarah-May, Sylvie D. Lambert, Patricia M. Livingston, Sanchia Aranda, Anna Boltong, Penelope Schofield, Suzanne K. Chambers, Meinir Krishnasamy et Anna Ugalde. « Identifying priorities for cancer caregiver interventions : protocol for a three-round modified Delphi study ». BMJ Open 9, n^o 2 (février 2019) : e024725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024725.

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IntroductionCancer is often considered a chronic disease, and most people with cancer have a caregiver, often a family member or friend who provides a significant amount of care during the illness trajectory. Caregivers are frequently in need of support, and a range of interventions have been trialled to improve outcomes. Consensus for optimal ways to support caregivers is not known. The aim of this protocol paper is to describe procedures for a modified Delphi study to explore expert consensus about important factors when developing caregiver interventions.Methods and analysisOnline modified Delphi methodology will be used to establish consensus for important caregiver intervention factors incorporating the Patient problem, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome framework. Round 1 will comprise a free-text questionnaire and invite the panel to contribute factors they deem important in the development and evaluation of caregiver interventions. Round 2 is designed to determine preliminary consensus of the importance of factors generated in round 1. The panel will be asked to rate each factor using a 4-point Likert-type scale. The option for panellists to state reasoning for their rating will be provided. Descriptive statistics (median scores and IQR) will be calculated to determine each item’s relative importance. Levels of consensus will be assessed based on a predefined consensus rating matrix. In round 3, factors will be recirculated including aggregate group responses (statistics and comment summaries) and panellists’ own round 2 scores. Panellists will be invited to reconsider their judgements and resubmit ratings using the same rating system as in round 2. This will result in priority lists based on the panel’s total rating scores.Ethics and disseminationEthics for this study has been gained from the Deakin University Human Ethics Advisory Group. It is anticipated that the results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented in a variety of forums.

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Ricaplaza, Junry, et Lyndon A. Quines. « The Mediating Effect of Time Management on the Relationship Between Work Ethics and Professionalism Among Public School Teachers ». American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation 1, n^o 6 (2 décembre 2022) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajmri.v1i6.1008.

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The goal of this study was to look at the role that time management had in mediating the relationship between work ethics and professionalism among 310 teachers in the Magsaysay South and North District of the Division of Davao del Sur. The descriptive correlation technique was used in this study’s non-experimental design. This statistical tools used were mean, Pearson r, and path analysis using AMOS. Research instruments on time management, work ethics and professionalism which were validated were used as sources of data. Results showed that the level of work ethics of teachers is generally described as high. Similarly, their level of professionalism indicated a high rating. Likewise, their level of time management is mostly high. Using Pearson r, the results revealed that there are significant relationships between work ethics and time management, time management and professionalism, and work ethics and professionalism. Utilizing path analysis, the results of the study revealed that there is partial mediation on the effect of time management on the relationship between work ethics and professionalism. Moreover, it is significantly pointed out that about 53 percent of the total effect of the time management on the professionalism goes through the mediator variable, work ethics and about 47 percent of the total effect is either or mediated by other variables not included in the model. This implies that work ethics influences time management which in turn influences professionalism.

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Saporito, Melissa. « Special Education Considerations Of Ethical Leaders During The Turnaround Process ». Interdisciplinary Journal of Advances in Research in Education 3, n^o 1 (1 novembre 2020) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.55138/ab104284msa.

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Education has entered an era of accountability with measures and school rating based largely on overall student performance on high-stakes assessments. Schools identified as at-risk or underperforming are mandated under the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) to take a course of action to improve student achievement. This has led the charge for schools to adopt improvement initiatives or models across the country. The focus of education has therefore become one of achievement rather than one of learning. In design these improvement efforts, as Heward points out, are “focused on student outcomes, particularly helping all students, including students with disabilities, reach high academic and occupational skill standards” (as cited in Koh & Robertson, 2003, p. 422). Keywords: Special Education, Ethical Leadership, Ethics in Education

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Abidin, Nurul Aziera Binti Zainol, et Nurakmal Binti Ahmad Mustaffa. « Factors that Affect Attitude of Apps Developers to Comply with the Islamic Work Ethic in Developing an Islamic Mobile App ». Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 8 - August 5, n^o 8 (1 septembre 2020) : 855–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20aug553.

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The study empirically revealed the constructs that affect attitude of apps developers to comply with the Islamic Work Ethic in developing an Islamic mobile app. The Islamic Work Ethic (al-birr and Masuliyah) in this study was built based on the Mobile Apps Rating Scale (MARS) criteria, which are Engagement (EN), Functionality (FC), Aesthetics (AE) and Information (IN). This is mainly due to the lack of content authenticity and reliability, ideas in order to create interesting apps and the guidelines to the app's developer in developing mobile Islamic applications that comply with Work Ethics Islam. The experimental research design was deployed to validate the number of items of questions in the questionnaire. In this research, the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted using SPSS. The empirical results showed four factor such as Engagement, Functionality, Aesthetic and information. Based on the findings of this study, it is hoped that it can attract the attention of apps’ developers to practice the Islamic Work Ethic when developing Islamic mobile apps in the future.

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Negro, Francesco, Simone Blanc, Stefano Bruzzese, Alberto Falaschi, Flavio Ruffinatto, Roberto Zanuttini et Filippo Brun. « Web-Based Communication of Wooden Sport Equipment : An Analysis Based on Six Olympic Sports ». Forests 13, n^o 9 (27 août 2022) : 1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13091364.

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Wood has traditionally been used to make sports equipment and playing surfaces. While its use is outdated in several sports, in many others, wood remains well-established or even the material of choice, e.g., to make basketball floors or table tennis rackets. This study aims at evaluating the main drivers of web-based communication of wooden sport equipment. Six Olympic sports in which wood is still used were identified: baseball, skateboarding, skiing, snowboarding, surfboarding, and table tennis. For each sport, five websites of manufacturers were selected based on their page rank. Five evaluators assessed each website, rating the degree to which their discussion of wood intersected with four dimensions (and the related sub-dimensions): environment and ethics, design, wood technology, and communication. Significant differences (p < 0.05) are found among the dimensions, where communication and wood technology scored the higher ratings. Several differences are found among sub-dimensions, for instance in terms of attention given to environmental and social sustainability. Among the various findings, environmental and social sustainability, based on a proper commitment, is a relevant target for the web-based communication of manufacturers of wooden sport equipment. We argue that this is both for ethical reasons, and for market and image purposes.

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Hasan, Mohammed Imrul, Sheikh Jamal Hossain, Sabine Braat, Michael John Dibley, Jane Fisher, Sally Grantham-McGregor, Fahmida Tofail et al. « Benefits and risks of Iron interventions in children (BRISC) : protocol for a three-arm parallel-group randomised controlled field trial in Bangladesh ». BMJ Open 7, n^o 11 (novembre 2017) : e018325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018325.

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IntroductionAnaemia is a major global health problem affecting about 43% of preschool children globally and 60% of 6–24-month-old children in rural Bangladesh, half of which is attributed to iron deficiency (ID). Although WHO recommends universal supplementation with iron or home fortification with iron-containing multiple micronutrient powders (MMPs) to children under 2 years, evidence for benefits of these interventions on childhood development (a key rationale for these interventions) and harms (especially infection) remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the impact of iron or MMPs supplementation compared with placebo on (a) children’s development, (b) growth, (c) morbidity from infections and (d) haematological and iron indices.Methods and analysisThis study is a three-arm, blinded, double-dummy, parallel-group, placebo-controlled superiority trial using stratified individual block randomisation. The trial will randomise 3300 children aged 8–9 months equally to arm 1: iron syrup (12.5 mg elemental iron), placebo MMPs; arm 2: MMPs (including 12.5 mg elemental iron), placebo syrup; and arm 3: placebo syrup, placebo MNPs. Children will receive interventions for 3 months based on WHO recommendations and then be followed up for 9 months post intervention. The primary outcome is cognitive composite score measured by Bayley III. Secondary outcomes include motor and language composite score by Bayley III, behaviour rating using selected items from Wolke’s rating scales and BSID-II behaviour ratings, temperament, growth, haemoglobin, anaemia and iron status, and infectious morbidity. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, at the end of 3-month intervention and after 9 months postintervention follow-up.Ethics and disseminationThe trial has been approved by the Ethical Review Committee of icddr,b (Dhaka, Bangladesh) and the Melbourne Health Human Research Ethics Committee (Melbourne, Australia). Results of the study will be disseminated through scientific publications, presentations at international meetings and policy briefs to key stakeholders.Trial registration numberACTRN12617000660381;Pre-results.WHO Universal Trial NumberU1111-1196-1125.

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Miller, Jennifer E. « From Bad Pharma to Good Pharma : Aligning Market Forces with Good and Trustworthy Practices through Accreditation, Certification, and Rating ». Journal of Law, Medicine & ; Ethics 41, n^o 3 (2013) : 601–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12069.

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Could an accreditation, certification, or rating mechanism help the pharmaceutical industry improve both its bioethical performance and its public reputation? Other industries have used such systems to assess, improve, distinguish, and demonstrate the quality of their services, processes, and products. These systems have also helped increase transparency, accountability, stakeholder confidence, and awareness of industry best practices. This article explains how market forces can be harnessed to recognize and promote better bioethical performance by pharmaceutical companies when there are good systems to accredit, certify, or rate. It concludes with a review of relevant failures of credit-rating agencies — such as conflicts of interests and revolving-door practices — to illuminate some of the pitfalls of developing a bioethics accreditation, certification, or rating system for pharmaceutical companies.

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Khutub, Muhammad, et Ni'mah Ulfa. « EXISTENCE OF HALAL TOURISM IN INDONESIA ISLAMIC BUSINESS ETHICS PERSPECTIVE ». IEB : Journal of Islamic Economics and Business 1, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2022) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/ieb.v1i1.11900.

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The purpose of this research is to find out how the existence of halal tourism in Indonesia perspectives islamic business ethics, the method used is a review literature with a type of qualitative research. The findings in this study that the existence of the halal tourism industry is not a threat to the existing tourism industry, but rather an addition to Muslim tourists, all of which do not hinder the ongoing progress of tourism. In fact, many countries in the world have worked on the halal tourism industry. According to the Mastercard Crescent Rating Global Muslim Travel Index (GMTI) in 2016, the total number of Muslim travelers worldwide reached 117 million in 2015. The results of this study and halal tourism are a process of integrating Islamic values into all aspects of tourism activities. The value of Islamic sharia into a religion or belief is embraced by Muslims as a basic reference in forming tourism activities using considering the basic values of Muslims in its presentation starting based on accommodation, restaurants, to activities. yang tourism always refers to Islamic norm.

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Graham, Timothy, et Aleesha Rodriguez. « The Sociomateriality of Rating and Ranking Devices on Social Media : A Case Study of Reddit’s Voting Practices ». Social Media + Society 7, n^o 3 (juillet 2021) : 205630512110476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20563051211047667.

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Rating and ranking devices are everywhere on social media. While these devices may seem like objective tools to measure value and rank content, research shows how they profoundly shape social interaction and emotional expression and are central to platform moderation. Yet, very little is known about how users themselves talk about these devices, much less what this can tell us about how these devices co-constitute social reality on platforms. To explore this gap, we examine Reddit’s rating and ranking device, known as upvoting and downvoting, through a textual analysis of over half a million user comments that contain keywords such as “upvote” and “downvote” and their variants. We find that Redditors (Reddit users) rarely use or talk about voting in the way the platform intends. For the most part, Redditors not only disregard the rules about voting but also make, and enforce, their own rules, norms, and ethics around it. We uncover a rich set of voting practices that we present as the following four themes in a conceptual framework: (1) platform culture, (2) prescriptive device, (3) materialization of value, and (4) ontology of self. Drawing on a sociomaterial lens, we reposition voting as a material-discursive practice that is inseparable to Reddit culture. This provides compelling evidence that rating and ranking devices on social media intervene in and perform sociality and we invite future research to apply our conceptual framework to other rating and ranking devices on social media.

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Brown, Piete E. H., et Joanne L. Fallowfield. « Physical Employment Standards for UK Royal Navy Personnel : A Survey of Tasks That Require Muscle Strength and Endurance ». Military Medicine 184, n^o 11-12 (8 mai 2019) : 882–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz099.

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Abstract Introduction Physical Employment Standards (PES) safeguard the requirement to create a suitable job-person fit in military occupations, and in doing so mitigate some operational and musculoskeletal injury risk. The primary purpose of this research was to identify critical – physically demanding tasks performed by UK Royal Navy (RN) seafarers to inform the development of a muscle strength and endurance-based PES. A secondary purpose was to explore possible sex and age-based differences in subjective ratings of occupational task physical demand. Materials and Methods In accordance with the Ministry of Defence Research Ethics Committee, 515 Naval personnel (443 males, 72 females; aged 30.2 ± 7.3 years) completed an anonymous survey that rated the physical demand (from no to very high), criticality (from not to critically important), and frequency (from seldom to several times per day) of 25 common sea-going tasks on a one to five scale. An a priori criteria was applied to down-select a shortlist of the most critical and physically demanding tasks (i.e., median task criticality and task physical demand scores of ≥4, and ≥3, respectively). A Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test explored sex and age-based differences in subjective physical demand ratings. Results Ten (out of 25) tasks met the critical – physical demand criteria, which included the four task categories of fire fighting, damage control, casualty handling, and basic movement/transit tasks. Casualty handling emerged as the single most physically demanding task category performed by seafarers, which was rated to have “high” physical demand (4 on the 1 to 5 scale). Sex and age-based differences in subjective ratings of task physical demand were equivocal, with females rating 3 (out of the 25 tasks), and 40–51 year olds rating 4 (out of 25 tasks) to have a higher physical demand than males and 19–29 year olds, respectively. Conclusion Ten criterion tasks were identified and should undergo a further job analysis to inform the development of strength-based PES for the RN.

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Cheng, Liying, et Janna Fox. « Review of doctoral research in language assessment in Canada (2006–2011) ». Language Teaching 46, n^o 4 (24 septembre 2013) : 518–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261444813000244.

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This paper reviews a selected sample of 24 doctoral dissertations in language assessment (broadly defined), completed between 2006 and 2011 in Canadian universities. These dissertations fall into five thematic categories: 1) reliability, validity and factors affecting test performance; 2) washback (impact) and ethics; 3) raters, rating and rating scales; 4) classroom-based research: teaching, learning and assessment; and 5) vocabulary learning, lexical proficiency and lexical richness. The themes were categorized according to the International Language Testing Association (ILTA) bibliographical categorization index. We identify trends such as the methodological strength of complex mixed methods research design, which enhances the validity of the research findings: 16 (67%) took a pragmatic (rather than paradigmatic) approach in their use of mixed methods, with four (17%) opting for multi-method quantitative approaches and four (17%) for qualitative. We also discuss the depth and breadth of these dissertations and situate their scholarly contributions within Canadian and international research on language assessment.

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Sudraba, Velga, et Ieva Briede. « INDIVIDUAL AND PROFESSIONAL VALUES OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS ». SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 6 (20 mai 2020) : 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol6.5033.

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Individual and professional values of nurses enhance the psychological wellbeing of healthcare professionals, enabling them to do professional and proficient work and also reducing the risk of burnout. The aim of the study was to investigate individual and professional values of nurse practitioners and the relationship of these values to socio-demographic data. The study involved 163 nurses aged 22–70 years (41.6 + 12.64) with 99.8% women. Respondents were interviewed in two hospitals in Riga in 2019. Permission from Rīga Stradiņš University Ethics Committee was obtained to do the study. Two surveys were used in the research: (1) Rokeach Value Survey and (2) Nurses Professional Values Scale–Three (NPVS–3). There was no statistically significant correlation between socio-demographic data of nurses and their professional values. The most evident professional value group for nurses was care. The Rokeach scale listed physical and mental health as a priority of all terminal values with an average rate 3.8. On the other hand, happiness of others ranks as the last priority in the list of terminal values with an average rating of 14.5. At the top of the instrumental values was honesty with an average rating of 6.3. Intolerance toward the drawbacks of oneself and other people concludes the list with an average rating of 15.0.

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Clark, Cynthia E., et Sue Newell. « Institutional Work and Complicit Decoupling across the U.S. Capital Markets : The Work of Rating Agencies ». Business Ethics Quarterly 23, n^o 1 (janvier 2013) : 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/beq20132311.

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ABSTRACT:We focus on the core institution of the capital market and the institutional work of professional service firms that provide ratings on corporate issuers, initially in a bid to maintain this institution, which suffered when those involved relied solely on information from the issuers themselves. Through our analysis we identify a new type of decoupling—complicit decoupling. Complicit decoupling evolves over time, beginning with the creation of a new practice, here corporate ratings as a form of policing work, which emerges to help to maintain a core institution. This practice is then adopted, implemented and later becomes decoupled. Exposure does not undermine the legitimacy of the practice because external actors collude in the ‘window dressing’ and, because it has become normalized, only partial repairs are enacted. It is by nature field-level institutional work, benefiting the majority of the field and inherently involves a violation of promise keeping. We conclude with implications for managers and behavioral ethics researchers.

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Søraker, Johnny Hartz. « Gaming the gamer ? – The ethics of exploiting psychological research in video games ». Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 14, n^o 2 (9 mai 2016) : 106–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jices-02-2015-0003.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ethical implications of video game companies employing psychologists and using psychological research in game design. Design/methodology/approach The author first argues that exploiting psychology in video games may be more ethically problematic than familiar application domains like advertising, gambling and political rhetoric. Then an overview of the effects particular types of game design may have on user behavior is provided, taking into account various findings and phenomena from behavioral psychology and behavioral economics. Findings Finally, the author concludes that the corresponding ethical problems cannot – and should not – be addressed by means of regulation or rating systems. The author argues instead that a more promising countermeasure lies in using the same psychological research to educate gamers (children in particular) and thereby increase their capacity for meta-cognition. Originality/value The importance of this lies in the tremendous effect these behavior-modifying technologies may have upon our self-determination, well-being and social relations, as well as corresponding implications for the society.

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Daugelaite, Aurelija, et Indre Grazuleviciute-Vileniske. « The Relationship between Ethics and Aesthetics in Sustainable Architecture of the Baltic Sea Region ». Sustainability 13, n^o 4 (19 février 2021) : 2259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042259.

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Architecture, as a mean of art and as a factor that physically shapes the environment, undoubtedly serves as a form of expression of ethical attitudes. It combines ethical values and responsibility for solving environmental problems with aesthetic qualities of the built environment. The holistic approach is gaining ground in the paradigm of sustainability, where architectural concepts such as biophilic, biomimetic, resilient, restorative, and others reinforce the idea of coexistence between humans and nature. In the 21st century, sustainability has become a global phenomenon; therefore, contemporary architecture is expected to reflect the idea of sustainability in its expression. This study explores the relationship between ethics and aesthetics in sustainable architecture in practice. Furthermore, this study attempts to illustrate how the architectural expression of certified sustainable buildings in the Baltic Sea region reflects the trends of sustainability within an ethical paradigm. The research question of this study is as follows: what are the prevailing aesthetic trends and are environmental ethical values expressed in the sustainable architecture of the Baltic Sea region? The study of examples of sustainable architecture was carried out by analyzing the three main databases of certified sustainable buildings—Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nachhaltiges Bauen (DGNB), Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM). The study found eight predominant groups of aesthetic expressions of sustainable buildings and the absence of a distinctive architectural expression that could be considered as sustainability aesthetics. It can be hypothesized that the lack of aesthetic distinctiveness of certified sustainable buildings could be related to the absence of cultural, aesthetically oriented criteria in building sustainability rating systems.

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Menon, Girijanandan, et Manjit George. « Proportion of immediate severe postoperative pain in laparoscopic sterilization under general anaesthesia : A cross-sectional study (postoperative pain in laparoscopic sterilization) ». Serbian Journal of Anesthesia and Intensive Therapy 43, n^o 5-6 (2021) : 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sjait2106111m.

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Background: Effective control of immediate post operative abdominal pain following laparoscopic sterilization is challenging. The objective of the study was to estimate the incidence of immediate severe postoperative pain following laparoscopic sterilization under general anaesthesia by the proportion of patients with the pain assessed on a numerical rating scale. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted with the approval of institutional review board and ethics committee. Fifty seven participants with written informed consent underwent the study over a period of six months. Pain was assessed by a trained recovery nurse and data was collected and analyzed. The main outcome measure was immediate severe post operative pain on numerical rating scale (NRS). Results: Among the 57 participants, 14 (24.6%) had immediate severe post operative pain with median score of five in the inter quartile range of 0 to 5.75 and 43 (75.4%) participants had no severe pain. Conclusion: The incidence of immediate severe postoperative abdominal pain after laparoscopic sterilization under general anaesthesia is high. Therefore, the management of pain following laparoscopic sterilization requires individually based multimodal analgesia.

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Landi, Catello Giovanni, Valerio Rapone, Danilo Tuccillo et Andrea Rey. « Does Ethics Reward on Public Markets : Empirical Evidences Ten Years After the Great Recession ». International Journal of Business Administration 10, n^o 3 (28 mars 2019) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v10n3p1.

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In the aftermath of the last Great Recession in 2007, firms’ commitment to social responsibility and sustainability started to be considered a corporate leverage to make extra-returns as well as to improve corporate reputation on institutional markets. This in turn has implied a lower uncertainty among investors and a higher trust from stakeholders’ categories, rising virtuous firms’ returns to over-perform their less responsible peers. Hence, this paper investigates the positive externalities of CSR on Italian stock exchange market, focusing on Blue Chips’ financial performance over the ten years post-crisis. In particular, we examined whether a listed company has been rewarded by its stakeholders over a high volatility periods, leveraging on CSR and Sustainability issues. Empirical findings highlight, ceteris paribus, two implications in regards to the impact of sustainability rating on corporate financial health. Indeed, the effect of CSR and corporate sustainability improves significantly companies’ earning performance (Return on Asset), although firms do not benefit from economic outperformances (Earning per Share) on stock exchange market.

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Peng, Kun, Min Zeng, Jia Dong, Xiang Yan, Dexiang Wang, Shu Li et Yuming Peng. « Ultrasound-guided superficial cervical plexus block for analgesia in patients undergoing craniotomy via suboccipital retrosigmoid approach : study protocol of a randomised controlled trial ». BMJ Open 10, n^o 2 (février 2020) : e034003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034003.

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IntroductionScalp nerve block has been proven to be an alternative choice to opioids in multimodal analgesia. However, for the infratentorial space-occupying craniotomy, especially the suboccipital retrosigmoid craniotomy, scalp nerve block is insufficient.Methods and analysisThe study is a prospective, single-centre, randomised, paralleled-group controlled trial. Patients scheduled to receive elective suboccipital retrosigmoid craniotomy will be randomly assigned to the superficial cervical plexus block group or the control group. After anaesthesia induction, superficial cervical plexus nerve block will be performed under the guidance of ultrasound. The primary outcome is the cumulative consumption of sufentanil by the patient-controlled intravenous analgesia pump within 24 hours after surgery. Secondary outcomes include the cumulative consumption of sufentanil at other four time points and numerical rating scale pain severity score.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol (version number: 2.0, 10 April 2019) has been approved by the Ethics Review Committee of China Registered Clinical Trials (Ethics Review No. ChiECRCT-20190047). The findings of this study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and at scientific conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04036812

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Volf, Carlo, Anne Sofie Aggestrup, Paul Michael Petersen, Carsten Dam-Hansen, Ulla Knorr, Ema Erkocevic Petersen, Janus Engstrøm et al. « Dynamic LED-light versus static LED-light for depressed inpatients : study protocol for a randomised clinical study ». BMJ Open 10, n^o 1 (janvier 2020) : e032233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032233.

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IntroductionRetrospective studies conducted in psychiatric inpatient wards have shown a relation between the intensity of daylight in patient rooms and the length of stay, pointing to an antidepressant effect of ambient lighting conditions. Light therapy has shown a promising antidepressant effect when administered from a light box. The emergence of light-emitting diode (LED) technology has made it possible to build luminaires into rooms and to dynamically mimic the spectral and temporal distribution of daylight. The objective of this study is to investigate the antidepressant efficacy of a newly developed dynamic LED-lighting system installed in an inpatient ward.Methods and analysisIn all, 150 inpatients with a major depressive episode, as part of either a major depressive disorder or as part of a bipolar disorder, will be included. The design is a two-arm 1:1 randomised study with a dynamic LED-lighting arm and a static LED-lighting arm, both as add-on to usual treatment in an inpatient psychiatric ward. The primary outcome is the baseline adjusted score on the 6-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale at week 3. The secondary outcomes are the mean score on the Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale at week 3, the mean score on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale at week 3 and the mean score on the World Health Organisation Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) at week 3. The spectral distribution of daylight and LED-light, with a specific focus on light mediated through the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, will be measured. Use of light luminaires will be logged. Assessors of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores and data analysts will be blinded for treatment allocation. The study was initiated in May 2019 and will end in December 2021.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical issues are expected. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals, disseminated electronically and in print and presented at symposia.Trial registration numberNCT03821506; Pre-results.

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Revtiuk, Yevhen. « Ethical policy management processes research on the example of Ukrainian universities ». Socio-Economic Research Bulletin, n^o 2(77) (30 juin 2021) : 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33987/vsed.2(77).2021.82-96.

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The article considers the processes of development and implementation of ethical policy in higher education institutions on the examples of Ukrainian universities. The aim of the study is effectiveness assessing of management processes for ethical policy implementation in domestic universities. The object of the research is the twenty top-rated universities in Ukraine, according to the 2021 Consolidated Rating of Higher Education Institutions. In the proposed study, the method of content analysis was used for analysis of regulatory documents in the field of ethical policy of selected universities. The analysis focuses on the proposed basic criteria that characterize the effectiveness of the ethical policy implementation, namely, on availability: approved ethical programs; an officials responsible for implementing programs; ethical training; feedback systems; developed motivational mechanisms; ethical audit procedures; procedures for reviewing ethical programs. As a result of the study, problems are identified related to the implementation of ethical policies that are specific to the universities in question, namely: the formalistic nature of ethical programs, the lack of responsible persons for the policies implementation (ethical officers), the focus of ethical trainings solely on improving academic integrity, the lack of effective feedback systems, refusal to use employee motivation systems to comply with ethical standards, the lack of ethical audit, the lack of procedures for verifying the ethical standards of new employees. The elements of ethical policy management, which will allow its effective implementation in domestic universities, are proposed. The study should help the university management corps to use ethics more effectively as a management tool.

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Sun, Ning, Dong-Mei He, Xiangyin Ye, Lei Bin, Yuanfang Zhou, Xiaodong Deng, Yuzhu Qu et al. « Immediate acupuncture with GB34 for biliary colic : protocol for a randomised controlled neuroimaging trial ». BMJ Open 12, n^o 1 (janvier 2022) : e050413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050413.

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IntroductionAs the main manifestation of gallstone disease, biliary colic (BC) is an episodic attack that brings patients severe pain in the right upper abdominal quadrant. Although acupuncture has been documented with significance to lead to pain relief, the immediate analgesia of acupuncture for BC still needs to be verified, and the underlying mechanism has yet to be covered. Therefore, this trial aims first to verify the immediate pain-alleviation characteristic of acupuncture for BC, then to explore its influence on the peripheral sensitised acupoint and central brain activity.Methods and analysisThis is a randomised controlled, paralleled clinical trial, with patients and outcome assessors blinded. Seventy-two patients with gallbladder stone disease presenting with BC will be randomised into a verum acupuncture group and the sham acupuncture group. Both groups will receive one session of immediate acupuncture treatment. Improvements in patients’ BC will be evaluated by the Numeric Rating Scale, and the pain threshold of acupoints will also be detected before and after treatment. During treatment, brain neural activity will be monitored with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and the needle sensation will be rated. Clinical and fNIRS data will be analysed, respectively, to validate the acupuncture effect, and correlation analysis will be conducted to investigate the relationship between pain relief and peripheral–cerebral functional changes.Ethics and disseminationThis trial has been approved by the institutional review boards and ethics committees of the First Teaching Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, with the ethical approval identifier 2019 KL-029, and the institutional review boards and ethics committees of the First People’s Hospital of Longquanyi District, with the ethical approval identifier AF-KY-2020071. The results of this trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference abstracts or posters.Trial registration numberCTR2000034432.

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Marinelli, Lucio, Maurizio Balestrino, Laura Mori, Luca Puce, Gian Marco Rosa, Laura Giorello, Antonio Currà et al. « A randomised controlled cross-over double-blind pilot study protocol on THC:CBD oromucosal spray efficacy as an add-on therapy for post-stroke spasticity ». BMJ Open 7, n^o 9 (septembre 2017) : e016843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016843.

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IntroductionStroke is the most disabling neurological disorder and often causes spasticity. Transmucosal cannabinoids (tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol (THC:CBD), Sativex) is currently available to treat spasticity-associated symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis. Cannabinoids are being considered useful also in the treatment of pain, nausea and epilepsy, but may bear and increased risk for cardiovascular events. Spasticity is often assessed with subjective and clinical rating scales, which are unable to measure the increased excitability of the monosynaptic reflex, considered the hallmark of spasticity. The neurophysiological assessment of the stretch reflex provides a precise and objective method to measure spasticity. We propose a novel study to understand if Sativex could be useful in reducing spasticity in stroke survivors and investigating tolerability and safety by accurate cardiovascular monitoring.Methods and analysisWe will recruit 50 patients with spasticity following stroke to take THC:CBD in a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study. Spasticity will be assessed with a numeric rating scale for spasticity, the modified Ashworth scale and with the electromyographical recording of the stretch reflex. The cardiovascular risk will be assessed prior to inclusion. Blood pressure, heart rate, number of daily spasms, bladder function, sleep disruption and adverse events will be monitored throughout the study. A mixed-model analysis of variance will be used to compare the stretch reflex amplitude between the time points; semiquantitative measures will be compared using the Mann-Whitney test (THC:CBD vs placebo) and Wilcoxon test (baseline vs treatment).Ethics and disseminationThe study was registered on the EudraCT database with number 2016-001034-10 and approved by both the Italian Medicines Agency (Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco) and local Ethics Committee ‘Comitato Etico Regionale della Liguria’. Data will be made anonymous and uploaded to a open access repository. Results will be disseminated by presentations at national and international conferences and by publication in journals of clinical neuroscience and neurology.

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Saunders, Rosemary, Kate Crookes, Mustafa Atee, Caroline Bulsara, Max K. Bulsara, Christopher Etherton-Beer, Beverley Ewens et al. « Prevalence of frailty and pain in hospitalised adult patients in an acute hospital : a protocol for a point prevalence observational study ». BMJ Open 11, n^o 3 (mars 2021) : e046138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046138.

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IntroductionFrailty and pain are associated with adverse patient clinical outcomes and healthcare system costs. Frailty and pain can interact, such that symptoms of frailty can make pain assessment difficult and pain can exacerbate the progression of frailty. The prevalence of frailty and pain and their concurrence in hospital settings are not well understood, and patients with cognitive impairment are often excluded from pain prevalence studies due to difficulties assessing their pain. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of frailty and pain in adult inpatients, including those with cognitive impairment, in an acute care private metropolitan hospital in Western Australia.Methods and analysisA prospective, observational, single-day point prevalence, cross-sectional study of frailty and pain intensity of all inpatients (excluding day surgery and critical care units) will be undertaken. Frailty will be assessed using the modified Reported Edmonton Frail Scale. Current pain intensity will be assessed using the PainChek smart-device application enabling pain assessment in people unable to report pain due to cognitive impairment. Participants will also provide a numerical rating of the intensity of current pain and the worst pain experienced in the previous 24 hours. Demographic and clinical information will be collected from patient files. The overall response rate of the survey will be reported, as well as the percentage prevalence of frailty and of pain in the sample (separately for PainChek scores and numerical ratings). Additional statistical modelling will be conducted comparing frailty scores with pain scores, adjusting for covariates including age, gender, ward type and reason for admission.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by Ramsay Health Care Human Research Ethics Committee WA/SA (reference: 2038) and Edith Cowan University Human Research Ethics Committee (reference: 2020–02008-SAUNDERS). Findings will be widely disseminated through conference presentations, peer-reviewed publications and social media.Trial registration numberACTRN12620000904976.

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Khotchasing, Wassana, et Somchit Jaruratanasirikul. « Work Director’s Evaluation and Self-Evaluation of Professional Performance of Pediatricians Graduated from Prince of Songkla University ». Songklanagarind Medical Journal 35, n^o 3 (2 août 2017) : 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.31584/smj.2017.35.3.730.

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Objectives: To compare the work performance of 2004-2013 Prince of Songkla University (PSU) pediatric residencytraining graduates as evaluated by their workplace directors and the graduates self-evaluation.Material and Method: All 78 pediatric graduates from PSU 2004-2013 were located: 52 (66.7%) were in the publicsector and 26 (33.3%) in the private sector. Ten-item performance evaluation questionnaires were sent to both thegraduates and their workplace directors. A rubric scale was used for rating each item from 1 to 10 (1=very poor, 10=excellent). The workplace director was asked to give an open answer for one “outstanding performance” item of the graduates and suggest one “performance that should be improved” item.Results: Forty-five directors (57.7%) and 63 graduates (80.8%) returned their questionnaires. The workplace directors rated the PSU graduates more favorably than the graduates’ self-evaluations in 8 of the 10 items, but without significant differences. The average overall scores for professional performance by both the directors and the graduates were over 8.00, with the highest ratings in ethics/morals in medical care (directors 9.11±0.88 and graduates 9.01±0.92), and the lowest ratings for “concerns in health economics” (directors 8.37±0.93 and graduates 8.04±0.97).Conclusion: Most of our pediatric graduates have achieved career success as most of them were rated by theirdirectors as showing very good performance in their workplaces. The workplace directors tended to rate the PSUgraduates slightly more favorably than the graduates’ own self-evaluations.

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Wulandari, Priharyanti, Kustriyani Menik et Aini Khusnul. « Peningkatan Produksi ASI Ibu Post Partum melalui Tindakan Pijat Oksitosin ». Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan Indonesia [JIKI] 2, n^o 1 (1 octobre 2018) : 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31000/jiki.v2i1.1001.

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ABSTRACTThe hormone oxytocin plays an important role in the processing of milk. Some post partum mothers on the first day often experience an incompetence in breastfeeding. Some factors that influence breast milk production are breastfeeding behavior, maternal psychology, maternal physiology, socio-cultural and infant, baby's birth weight. One way to increase milk production, one of which is oxytocin massage. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of oxytocin massage on milk production in post partum mothers. Research methodology This study is a quantitative study of quasi experiment with repeated measure approach based on time serries, to determine the increase in spontaneous breast milk production after spontaneous postpartum massage. This research has been in the Test of Ethics Ethical Clearance in Tugurejo Semarang hospital. The results showed that there were significant repeated mean values between breast milk production after the first, second and third oxytocin massage treatments (p-value = 0,000). ASI production after the first treatment had a mean rating of 1.37 cc lower than the average rating after the second treatment of 1.77 cc and the average rating after the third treatment was 2.87 cc. The results of this study indicate that oxytocin massage is able to increase milk production of post partum mothers.Keyword: Mother's milk, Oxytocin massage, spontaneous postpartumABSTRAKHormon oksitosin sangat berperan dalam proses pengeluaran ASI. Beberapa Ibu post partum pada hari pertama seringkali mengalami ketidaklancaran pengeluaran ASI. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi ASI yaitu perilaku menyusui, psikologis ibu, fisiologis ibu, sosial kultural dan bayi, berat badan lahir bayi. Salah satu cara meningkatkan produksi ASI, salah satunya adalah pijat oksitosin. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui efektifitas pijat oksitosin terhadap produksi ASI pada ibu post partum. Metodologi penelitian Penelitian ini merupakan studi kuantitatif eksperimen semu (quasi experiment) dengan pendekatan repeated measure berdasarkan time serries, untuk mengetahui peningkatan produksi ASI ibu post partum spontan setelah dilakukan pijat Oksitosin. Penelitian ini sudah di Uji Etik (Ethical Clearance) di RSUD Tugurejo Semarang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan rerata berulang yang signifikan antara produksi ASI setelah perlakuan pijat oksitosin pertama, kedua dan ketiga (p-value=0,000). Produksi ASI setelah perlakuan pertama memiliki rerata peringkat 1,37 cc lebih rendah daripada rerata peringkat setelah perlakuan kedua 1,77 cc dan rerata peringkat setelah perlakuan ketiga adalah 2,87 cc. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pijat oksitosin mampu meningkatkan produksi ASI ibu post partum.Kata Kunci: Air susu ibu, Pijat Oksitosin, post partum spontan

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Yilmaz, Meryem, et Hesna Gurler. « The efficacy of integrating spirituality into undergraduate nursing curricula ». Nursing Ethics 21, n^o 8 (18 mars 2014) : 929–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733014521096.

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Background: Attention to patients’ spirituality, as a moral obligation of care, is now widely accepted in nursing practice. However, until recently, many nursing programs have paid little attention to spirituality. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the impact of two different curricula, used to teach undergraduate nursing students, on increasing nursing student awareness of spirituality in the care of patients. Research design: A quasi-experimental post-intervention two-group design was conducted in 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 academic years. Participants and research context: The study included a total of 130 volunteer senior-year students. The students were assigned as “the intervention group/integrated system” that were informed about spirituality or as “the control group/traditional system” that received no information on spirituality. Data were collected via a personal information form and the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale was used to assess responses. The study was conducted at the Department of Nursing of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Cumhuriyet University, in Central Anatolia/Turkey. Ethical considerations: Permission to conduct the study at the nursing school was obtained from the schools’ management teams. The rights of the participants were protected in this study by obtaining informed consent. Findings: The results revealed that the intervention group had a higher mean score on the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale than did the control group. The students in the intervention group defined the terms of spirituality and spiritual care more accurately than did the control group students. Discussion: Nurses are professionally and ethically responsible for providing spiritual care. Nurses’ competence in meeting the spiritual needs of their patients should be improved by undergraduate education on spiritual care. Nursing scholars reported a significant difference in the knowledge and attitudes toward spirituality of nursing students as a result of the integration of spirituality into the undergraduate nursing curriculum. Conclusion: Spirituality should be more widely included in nursing education.

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N. Nnoli, Julie. « Harnessing the Challenges of Covid-19 Ethics on Students Learning in Chemistry ». Sumerianz Journal of Scientific Research, n^o 43 (23 septembre 2021) : 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjsr.43.70.75.

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This paper discusses the challenges of covid-19 ethics on students’ learning of chemistry in secondary schools in Anambra State and how to harness the challenges. Three research questions and one null hypothesis guided the study. A descriptive survey design was used. Three hundred (300) SS3 chemistry students drawn from 45 secondary schools out of 258 public schools in Anambra State formed the sample for the study. Twenty (20) item structured questionnaires on a four-point rating scale developed by the researchers were used for data collection. A reliability coefficient of 0.85 was established using Cronbach Alpha techniques. After the administration of the instrument to the respondents, the data obtained were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research question and z-test to test the null hypothesis at the significance level of 0.05. The results obtained showed that male chemistry students have greater challenges on covid-19 ethics than their female counterparts. They are faced with the following challenges of covid-19 ethics that hinder the inculcation of chemistry learning. Lack of interest in STEM education (chemistry) due to persistence lockdown, lack of E-learning abilities, lack of ICT knowledge, lack of computer or android phone to study at home and tired of being locked indoors. There is no significance difference between male and female chemistry students’ level on covid-19 ethics in the learning of chemistry in Anambra State. It was recommended that students should be encouraged to develop interest in chemistry, have access to ICT gadgets and computers, engage in E-learning abilities and inculcate more study habit at home. This should help the government and chemistry teachers to assist in ameliorating the predicaments in STEM education.

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Erbay, Hasan, Sultan Alan et Selim Kadioglu. « Attitudes of prehospital emergency care professionals toward refusal of treatment ». Nursing Ethics 21, n^o 5 (11 décembre 2013) : 530–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733013505311.

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Introduction: Prehospital emergency medicine is a specific field of emergency medicine. The basic approach of prehospital emergency medicine is to provide patients with medical intervention at the scene of the incident. This special environment causes health professionals to encounter various problems. One of the most important problems in this field is ethics, in particular questions involving refusal of treatment and the processes associated with it. Objective: The objective of this study is to identify emergency health professionals’ views regarding refusal of treatment. Methods: This study was conducted with 356 health professionals who were on active duty in prehospital emergency health services. The data were collected through a form which included 10 statements. The participants were asked to indicate their level of agreement with the statements given by rating them between 0 and 10. Ethical considerations: Before conducting the research, permission was received from the local ethics committee. Participants were given written information about the purpose of the study. Participants were assured that their participation was voluntary. Results: The healthcare professionals with fewer years of experience in the profession and female participants adopted an attitude of giving priority to providing care. Young participants, in general, respected patient autonomy. However, paradoxically, when it comes to emergency medical cases, they expressed an opinion closer to paternalism. Conclusions: This study has found that prehospital emergency health professionals generally respect the patient’s right to refuse treatment; however, they do not prioritize this right when there is a life-threatening situation or when the person does not have decision-making capacity. In these cases, prehospital emergency health professionals tended to adopt a more paternalistic approach.

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Kangasniemi, Mari, Katariina Arala, Eve Becker, Anna Suutarla, Toni Haapa et Anne Korhonen. « The development of ethical guidelines for nurses’ collegiality using the Delphi method ». Nursing Ethics 24, n^o 5 (11 janvier 2016) : 538–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733015617342.

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Background: Nurses’ collegiality is topical because patient care is complicated, requiring shared knowledge and working methods. Nurses’ collaboration has been supported by a number of different working models, but there has been less focus on ethics. Aim: This study aimed to develop nurses’ collegiality guidelines using the Delphi method. Method: Two online panels of Finnish experts, with 35 and 40 members, used the four-step Delphi method in December 2013 and January 2014. They reformulated the items of nurses’ collegiality identified by the literature and rated based on validity and importance. Content analysis and descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the data, and the nurses’ collegiality guidelines were formulated. Ethical considerations: Organizational approval was received, and an informed consent was obtained from all participants. Information about the voluntary nature of participation was provided. Results: During the first Delphi panel round, a number of items were reformulated and added, resulting in 32 reformulated items. As a result of the second round, 8 of the 32 items scored an agreement rate of more than 75%, with the most rated item being collegiality means that professionals respect each other. The item with second highest rating was collegiality has a common objective: what is best for patients, followed by the third highest which was professional ethics is the basis of collegiality. Conclusion: Nurses’ collegiality and its content are well recognized in clinical practice but seldom studied. Collegiality can be supported by guidelines, and nurses working in clinical practice, together with teachers and managers, have shared responsibilities to support and develop it. More research in different nursing environments is needed to improve understanding of the content and practice of nursing collegiality.

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Affandy, Haidar Yusuf. « RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANXIETY LEVEL IN PANDEMIC AND MEDICAL ADHERENCE IN HYPERTENSIVE ELDERLY ». Diponegoro International Medical Journal 3, n^o 2 (30 décembre 2022) : 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dimj.v3i2.14587.

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Abstract Background: Hypertension in Indonesia increases with age. People with hypertension need continuous treatments according to doctor’s recommendation, if not it will cause serious complications. Medication non-adherence of hypertensive elderly caused by many factor, one of them is psychological factor. Health care visits decrease during pandemic because of the COVID-19 transmission anxiety.Objective: To find out the correlation between anxiety level and medical adherence of hypertensive elderly in Kangkung Village, Mranggen during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted with Proportional Random Sampling approach on 96 hypertensive elderly in Kangkung, Mranggen, Demak Regency. The study was conducted by interview using Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Morisky Medical Adherence Questionnaire. Data analysis using Rank Spearman correlation test. This study had got Ethical Clearance from Health Research Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medicine of Diponegoro University.Results: There was a correlation between anxiety level and medical adherence, p value = 0,005 (p < 0,01) and the higher anxiety level will decrease the medical adherence (ρ = – 0,287).Conclusion: Anxiety that were experienced by the elderly has been shown to be related to medical adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Dawkins, Cedric E. « Labored Relations : Corporate Citizenship, Labor Unions, and Freedom of Association ». Business Ethics Quarterly 22, n^o 3 (juillet 2012) : 473–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/beq201222331.

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ABSTRACT:Globalization has brought increased attention to the notion that labor rights such as freedom of association—the right of workers to organize a union—are fundamental human rights. However, the vigorous opposition to freedom of association by US firms is largely ignored in the business ethics literature and exacerbated by compensatory corporate citizenship rating mechanisms that tend to mask labor rights deficiencies. I argue that because freedom of association is a hypernorm, instrumental to fully realizing basic human rights, labor rights and human rights are largely inseparable. Thus, respect for labor rights is a non-substitutable requisite of corporate citizenship. I conclude by providing examples of corporate labor relations strategies that respect freedom of association and business firms that are leading the way.

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