Articles de revues : « Etat cellulaire »

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Clément, O. « 1305 Imagerie cellulaire : etat actuel et perspectives ». Journal de Radiologie 85, n^o 9 (septembre 2004) : 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0221-0363(04)76529-4.

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Li, Long, Mushuang Hu, Long Zheng, Chao Zhang, Jiawei Li, Ruiming Rong, Tongyu Zhu et Yichen Jia. « Endothelin Receptor Down-Regulation Mediated Ligand Regulation Mechanisms Protect Against Cellular Hypoxia Injury in Rat Vascular Endothelial Cells ». Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 40, n^o 6 (2016) : 1443–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000453196.

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Objective: Investigation of the effect of endothelin receptor A (ETaR)-targeting small interfering RNA (siRNA) on rat vascular endothelial cellular hypoxia injury, as well as its underlying mechanism. Methods: An in vitro rat vascular smooth muscle cells - endothelial cells co-culture model was established and transfected with ETaR siRNA before hypoxia treatment. Cell culture supernatant, cellular protein and RNA were collected and examined at 0.5hrs, 1hrs, 2hrs, 4hrs, 8hrs, 16hrs, 24hrs and 48hrs of hypoxia with 1% oxygen. The time point at which the best silencing effect was achieved was chosen, eNOS inhibitor L-NAME was added, and post hypoxia cell culture supernatant, cellular protein and RNA was collected for further examination. Results: After hypoxic treatment, endothelial-1 (ET-1) and ETaR expression levels gradually increased as oxygen deprivation extended. ET-1 and ETaR expression levels were significantly lower in the ETaR siRNA group compared with the Hypoxia group (P<0.001). Such difference peaked at 4hrs of hypoxia. ELISA examination of cell culture supernatant revealed that the amount of ET-1 and TGF-βin the ETaR siRNA group were significantly lower compared to the Hypoxia group at all times, while the amount of NO and eNOS was higher. After 4 hrs of hypoxia, Smad2, Smad3, HIF-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, MCP-1, NF-κb, ET-1 and ANG II mRNA expression in endothelial cells and ETaR mRNA expression in A-10 cells of the ETaR siRNA group were lower than those of the Hypoxia siRNA group, while such results were much higher in the L-NAME group. Western Blot results showed lower expression of ETaR in the ETaR siRNA group compared with the hypoxia and negative siRNA groups, as well as significantly higher ETaR expression in the L-NAME group compared with the ETaR siRNA group. PI3K and p-AKT expression levels were mildly elevated after mild oxygen deprivation, and ETaR siRNA was able to enhance such elevation induced by hypoxia. In the L-NAME group, PI3K and p-AKT expression was much higher than the ETaR siRNA group. PKG and sGC expression levels significantly descended after mild oxygen deprivation. While such levels were higher in the ETaR siRNA group, compared with the hypoxia and negative siRNA groups, the L-NAME group had lower levels of PKG and sGC compared with the ETaR siRNA group. Conclusion: ETaR siRNA is capable of down-regulating the expression of inflammatory and transcription factors among endothelial cells treated with hypoxia. Down-regulation of ET-1 is triggered by altered nucleus transcription factor activity through the sGC/PKG signal pathway, and results in enhanced eNOS activity through the PI3K/Akt signal pathway. We suspect this to be the mechanism of the protective effect of ETaR siRNA.

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Swope, V. B., Z. A. Abdel-Malek, D. N. Sauder et J. J. Nordlund. « A new role for epidermal cell-derived thymocyte activating factor/IL-1 as an antagonist for distinct epidermal cell function. » Journal of Immunology 142, n^o 6 (15 mars 1989) : 1943–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.142.6.1943.

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Abstract It is known that many immunologic responses to IL-1 are antagonized by the neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH). This led us to investigate the possible reciprocal effects of IL-1 and the functionally related epidermal cytokines, epidermal cell-derived thymocyte activating factor (ETAF) and IL-6, on the melanogenic effect of alpha-MSH on murine Cloudman melanoma cells. When these cells were treated with ETAF in combination with alpha-MSH or its potent analog [Nle4,D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH, the melanotropin induced increase in tyrosinase activity, and thus melanin synthesis, was abrogated. This inhibitory effect of ETAF was not mediated by competitive binding to the melanotropin receptor, because ETAF also blocked the melanogenic response of melanoma cells to isobutyl methylxanthine (IBMX) and to PGE1 and PGE2. ETAF had no effect on cellular proliferation. Inhibition of the stimulated tyrosinase activity by ETAF was not due to diminished cAMP synthesis or increased cAMP degradation. Cells treated concomitantly with ETAF and alpha-MSH, IBMX, or PGE1 had the same cAMP levels as cells treated with alpha-MSH, IBMX, or PGE1 alone. In contrast to ETAF, human rIL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta alone or in combination did not have an inhibitory effect on melanogenesis. IL-6 significantly inhibited the basal level of tyrosinase and partially abrogated the alpha-MSH-induced tyrosinase activity. IL-6 also stimulated cellular proliferation when added alone or in combination with alpha-MSH. Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) did not alter either the tyrosinase activity or cellular replication at the concentrations tested. IL-1 alpha, GM-CSF, and IL-6 or IL-1 alpha and GM-CSF added together did not significantly affect the MSH-induced tyrosinase activity. These results ascribe a new potential function for ETAF and IL-6 as modulators of the melanogenic response of pigment cells.

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Shirato, Ken, Jun Takanari, Junetsu Ogasawara, Takuya Sakurai, Kazuhiko Imaizumi, Hideki Ohno et Takako Kizaki. « Enzyme-Treated Asparagus Extract Attenuates Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression in Murine Skin Fibroblast L929 Cells ». Natural Product Communications 11, n^o 5 (mai 2016) : 1934578X1601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601100532.

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Enzyme-treated asparagus extract (ETAS) exerts a wide variety of beneficial biological actions including facilitating anti-cortisol stress and neurological anti-aging responses. However, the anti-skin aging effects of ETAS remain to be elucidated. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play pivotal roles in skin aging. Increased ROS levels in fibroblasts in response to ultraviolet irradiation activate c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and its downstream transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1), and the resultant gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) isoforms accelerates collagen breakdown in the dermis. Therefore, we explored whether ETAS has anti-skin aging effects by attenuating the oxidative stress responses in fibroblasts. Simultaneous treatment of murine skin L929 fibroblasts with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and either ETAS or dextrin showed that ETAS significantly suppressed H2O2-induced expression of MMP-9 mRNA as measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. ETAS also clearly suppressed H2O2-stimulated phosphorylation of c-Jun (AP-1 subunit) and JNK as determined by Western blot. However, ETAS did not affect the increased amounts of carbonyl proteins in response to H2O2, also as determined by Western blotting. These results suggest that ETAS diminishes cellular responsiveness to ROS but does not scavenge ROS. Thus, ETAS has the potential to prevent skin aging through attenuating the oxidative stress responses in dermal fibroblasts.

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Ogasawara, Junetsu, Tomohiro Ito, Koji Wakame, Kentaro Kitadate, Takuya Sakurai, Shogo Sato, Yoshinaga Ishibashi et al. « ETAS, an Enzyme-treated Asparagus Extract, Attenuates Amyloid β-Induced Cellular Disorder in PC 12 Cells ». Natural Product Communications 9, n^o 4 (avril 2014) : 1934578X1400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1400900435.

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One of the pathological characterizations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the deposition of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) in cerebral cortical cells. The deposition of Aβ in neuronal cells leads to an increase in the production of free radicals that are typified by reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby inducing cell death. A growing body of evidence now suggests that several plant-derived food ingredients are capable of scavenging ROS in mammalian cells. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether enzyme-treated asparagus extract (ETAS), which is rich in antioxidants, is one of these ingredients. The pre-incubation of differentiated PC 12 cells with ETAS significantly recovered Aβ-induced reduction of cell viability, which was accompanied by reduced levels of ROS. These results suggest that ETAS may be one of the functional food ingredients with anti-oxidative capacity to help prevent AD.

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Agustiningsih, Agustiningsih, Muhammad Rezki Rasyak, Turyadi, Sri Jayanti et Caecilia Sukowati. « The oncogenic role of hepatitis B virus X gene in hepatocarcinogenesis : recent updates ». Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy 5, n^o 1 (20 février 2024) : 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37349/etat.2024.00209.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent form of primary liver cancers with high mortality rate. Among its various etiological factors, one of the major risk factors for HCC is a chronic infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV X protein (HBx) has been identified to play an important role in the HBV-induced HCC pathogenesis since it may interfere with several key regulators of many cellular processes. HBx localization within the cells may be beneficial to HBx multiple functions at different phases of HBV infection and associated hepatocarcinogenesis. HBx as a regulatory protein modulates cellular transcription, molecular signal transduction, cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, protein degradation pathways, and host genetic stability via interaction with various factors, including its association with various non-coding RNAs. A better understanding on the regulatory mechanism of HBx on various characteristics of HCC would provide an overall picture of HBV-associated HCC. This article addresses recent data on HBx role in the HBV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis.

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Bagnato, Anna, Francesca Spinella et Laura Rosanò. « Emerging role of the endothelin axis in ovarian tumor progression ». Endocrine-Related Cancer 12, n^o 4 (décembre 2005) : 761–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/erc.1.01077.

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Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer-related deaths. The endothelin (ET) axis, which includes ET-1, ET-2, ET-3, and the ET receptors, ETAR and ETBR, represents a novel target in tumor treatment. ET-1 may directly contribute to tumor growth and indirectly modulate tumor–host interactions in various tumors such as prostatic, ovarian, renal, pulmonary, colorectal, cervical, breast carcinoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma, brain tumors and melanoma. Extensive experimental evidence links ETAR overexpression with tumor progression in ovarian cancer. ETAR engagement can in fact activate multiple signal transduction pathways including protein kinase C, phosphati-dylinositol 3-kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase and transactivate epidermal growth factor receptor, which play a role in ovarian tumor growth and invasion. The effects of ETAR signaling are wide ranging and involve both cancer cells and their surrounding stroma, including the vasculature. Upon being activated, the ETAR mediates multiple tumor-promoting activities, including enhanced cell proliferation, escape from apoptosis, angiogenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition and increased motility and invasiveness. These findings indicate that activation of ETAR by ET-1 is a key mechanism in the cellular signaling network promoting ovarian cancer growth and progression. The predominant role played by ETAR in cancer has led to the development of small molecules that antagonize the binding of ET-1 to ETAR. The emerging preclinical data presented here provide a rationale for the clinical evaluation of these molecules in which targeting the related signaling cascade via ETAR blockade may be advantageous in the treatment of advanced stage ovarian carcinoma.

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Ward, Carol, James Meehan, Mark E. Gray, Alan F. Murray, David J. Argyle, Ian H. Kunkler et Simon P. Langdon. « The impact of tumour pH on cancer progression : strategies for clinical intervention ». Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy 1, n^o 2 (9 avril 2020) : 71–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.37349/etat.2020.00005.

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Dysregulation of cellular pH is frequent in solid tumours and provides potential opportunities for therapeutic intervention. The acidic microenvironment within a tumour can promote migration, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells through a variety of mechanisms. Pathways associated with the control of intracellular pH that are under consideration for intervention include carbonic anhydrase IX, the monocarboxylate transporters (MCT, MCT1 and MCT4), the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase proton pump, and the sodium-hydrogen exchanger 1. This review will describe progress in the development of inhibitors to these targets.

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Zhang, Tie Jun, I. M. Manhrawy, A. A. Abdo, A. A. Abd El-Latif et R. Rhouma. « Cryptanalysis of Elementary Cellular Automata Based Image Encryption ». Advanced Materials Research 981 (juillet 2014) : 372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.981.372.

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An image encryption based on elementary cellular automata was proposed in [Yu Xiao yang etal., International Journal of Security and Its Applications Vol.7, No.5 (2013), pp.397-406.]. In this paper, we analyze the security weaknesses of their algorithm. Based on the given analysis, it is demonstrated that the scheme under study can be broken by various attacks (Chosen Plaintext and Chosen ciphertext attacks).

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Sun, Yun, Wen-Jiang Zheng, Yong-Hua Hu, Bo-Guang Sun et Li Sun. « Edwardsiella tarda Eta1, anIn Vivo-Induced Antigen That Is Involved in Host Infection ». Infection and Immunity 80, n^o 8 (14 mai 2012) : 2948–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00063-12.

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ABSTRACTEdwardsiella tarda, a Gram-negative bacterium, is a severe fish pathogen that can also infect humans. In this study, we identified, viain vivo-induced antigen technology, anE. tardaantigen, Eta1, and analyzed its function in a Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) model. Eta1 is composed of 226 residues and shares homology with putative bacterial adhesins. Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR analysis indicated that when culturedin vitro,eta1expression was growth phase dependent and reached maximum at mid-logarithmic phase. During infection of flounder lymphocytes,eta1expression was drastically increased at the early stage of infection. Compared to the wild type, theeta1-defective mutant, TXeta1, was unaffected in growth but exhibited attenuated overall virulence, reduced tissue dissemination and colonization capacity, and impaired ability to invade flounder lymphocytes and to block the immune response of host cells. The lost virulence of TXeta1 was restored when a functionaleta1gene was reintroduced into the strain. Western blot and immunodetection analyses showed that Eta1 is localized to the outer membrane and exposed on the surface ofE. tardaand that recombinant Eta1 (rEta1) was able to interact with flounder lymphocytes. Consistent with these observations, antibody blocking of Eta1 inhibitedE. tardainfection at the cellular level. Furthermore, when used as a subunit vaccine, rEta1 induced strong protective immunity in flounder against lethalE. tardachallenge. Taken together, these results indicate that Eta1 is anin vivo-induced antigen that mediates pathogen-host interaction and, as a result, is required for optimal bacterial infection.

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Laopajon, Witida, Nuchjira Takheaw, Kamonporn Kotemul, Supansa Pata, Suradej Hongeng et Watchara Kasinrerk. « Chimeric single-chain variable fragment-human immunoglobulin G crystallizable fragment antibody against GD2 for neuroblastoma targeted immunotherapy ». Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy 4, n^o 6 (6 décembre 2023) : 1145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37349/etat.2023.00188.

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Aim: The present study aims to generate chimeric mouse single-chain variable fragment (scFv) and immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) crystallizable fragment (Fc) antibody against disialoganglioside (GD2) for the treatment of neuroblastoma (NB). The generated scFv-IgG Fc antibody, lacking first constant domain of heavy chain (CH1), is of a smaller size than the natural antibody and has anti-tumor activity. Methods: Vector for scFv-IgG Fc antibody was constructed and scFv-IgG Fc antibody was expressed in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cell line. Purification of scFv-IgG Fc antibody from the culture supernatant of transfected HEK293T cells was performed by Protein G affinity chromatography. The structure and binding activity of scFv-IgG Fc antibody were verified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), western blotting (WB), and immunofluorescence techniques. Anti-tumor activities by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) were determined. Results: Using plasmid fusion-human IgG1-Fc2 tag vector (pFUSE-hIgG1-Fc2), a plasmid vector encoding chimeric mouse scFv and hIgG1 Fc antibody against GD2 was successfully constructed. This vector was transfected into human HEK293T cells to produce scFv-IgG Fc antibody. The transfected HEK293T cells could produce chimeric scFv-IgG Fc antibody against GD2, which lacks the IgG heavy chain CH1 domain but carries CH2 and CH3 domains. The chimeric antibodies could be purified from the culture supernatant of the transfected HEK293T culture in the presence of zeocin drug. The produced GD2 scFv-IgG Fc antibodies, which are smaller in size than the intact antibody, could trigger the killing of GD2 expressed NB cell line SH-SY5Y by ADCC and ADCP mechanisms. Conclusions: The results indicate that chimeric scFv-hIgG Fc antibody, lacking heavy chain CH1 domain, could mediate antibody induced anti-tumor activities. The small size of this type of chimeric antibody may be employed as anti-GD2 antibody for NB therapy.

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Ajayi, Babatunde E., Bola Oboh, Joseph B. Minari, Darren W. Sexton, Satyajit D. Sarker et Amos A. Fatokun. « Cola rostrata K. Schum. constituents induce cytotoxicity through reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial membrane depolarisation ». Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy 4, n^o 6 (28 décembre 2023) : 1328–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37349/etat.2023.00200.

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Aim: While the traditional use of Cola rostrata in treating illnesses and diseases has not been reported, the presence of cytotoxic principles has been reported in phylogenetically and biogeographically related species within the Cola genus. This study, therefore, evaluated the cytotoxic potential of extracts of the plant, and the associated cellular and molecular mechanisms. Methods: Activity-based fractionation of the extracts was carried out and cytotoxicity was assessed in the human cervical cancer cell line, HeLa, and the transformed human lung cell line, MRC5-SV2, using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay complemented with brightfield imaging. The 2ʼ,7ʼ-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) assay was used to assess induction of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), while flow cytometry of 5,5ʼ,6,6ʼ-tetrachloro-1,1ʼ,3,3ʼ-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine iodide (JC-1)-stained cells assessed the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ΨM). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was carried out on an active fraction. Results: Extracts of the fruit epicarp and leaf were cytotoxic against the cell lines. Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for the 48 h cytotoxicity of the ethanol extract of the epicarp against HeLa and MRC5-SV2 cells were 48.0 μg/mL ± 12.1 μg/mL and 40.4 μg/mL ± 7.2 μg/mL, respectively, while fractions from second-level partitioning of the hexane fraction of the leaf extract elicited cytotoxicity with IC50 values ranging from 12.8 μg/mL ± 1.0 μg/mL to 39.6 μg/mL ± 7.2 μg/mL in both cell lines, following 48 h treatment. GC-MS revealed the presence of seventeen compounds in a hexane fraction of the leaf extract, including even- and odd-chain fatty acids, the most abundant of which were n-hexadecanoic acid, decanoic acid 10-(2-hexylcyclopropyl); and octadecanoic acid. The mechanisms of cytotoxicity of most active fractions involved generation of ROS and mitochondrial membrane depolarisation. Conclusions: The findings show that C. rostrata is rich in cytotoxic phytochemicals which could be isolated for developing new anti-cancer agents.

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Campodonico, Fabio, Luca Foppiani, Vittoria Campodonico et Carlo Introini. « Practical implications of androgen receptor inhibitors for prostate cancer treatment ». Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy 5, n^o 3 (28 mai 2024) : 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37349/etat.2024.00234.

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Antiandrogens have been used for the treatment of prostate cancer as a single agent or in combination with hormone deprivation therapy. New generation antiandrogens act like androgen receptor inhibitors (ARIs). Their binding complex blocks the pathways of cellular proliferation and differentiation of the prostate. Enzalutamide, apalutamide and darolutamide are the new ARIs that demonstrated acceptable tolerability and toxicity, both active in hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). There is no evidence of superiority of one drug over the other, therefore the therapeutic choice depends on the safety profile in relation to the individual patient, their comorbidities and clinical condition. ARIs have also shown promising results in association with new drugs that are active on patients with metastatic CRPC carrying the mutated breast cancer gene (BRCA). Before undergoing new antiandrogenic therapies, patients should be evaluated for cardiological and metabolic risk and possible drug interactions.

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Taylor, Sarah J., Mark J. Arends et Simon P. Langdon. « Inhibitors of the Fanconi anaemia pathway as potential antitumour agents for ovarian cancer ». Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy 1, n^o 1 (29 février 2020) : 26–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37349/etat.2020.00003.

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The Fanconi anaemia (FA) pathway is an important mechanism for cellular DNA damage repair, which functions to remove toxic DNA interstrand crosslinks. This is particularly relevant in the context of ovarian and other cancers which rely extensively on interstrand cross-link generating platinum chemotherapy as standard of care treatment. These cancers often respond well to initial treatment, but reoccur with resistant disease and upregulation of DNA damage repair pathways. The FA pathway is therefore of great interest as a target for therapies that aim to improve the efficacy of platinum chemotherapies, and reverse tumour resistance to these. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanism of interstrand cross-link repair by the FA pathway, and the potential of the component parts as targets for therapeutic agents. We then focus on the current state of play of inhibitor development, covering both the characterisation of broad spectrum inhibitors and high throughput screening approaches to identify novel small molecule inhibitors. We also consider synthetic lethality between the FA pathway and other DNA damage repair pathways as a therapeutic approach.

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McKellips, Andrew, et Sergio Verdú. « Eavesdropper performance in cellular CDMA ». European Transactions on Telecommunications 9, n^o 4 (juillet 1998) : 379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460090412.

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Jeeyavudeen, Mohammad Sadiq, Navin Mathiyalagan, Cornelius Fernandez James et Joseph M. Pappachan. « Tumor metabolism in pheochromocytomas : clinical and therapeutic implications ». Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy 5, n^o 2 (24 avril 2024) : 349–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37349/etat.2024.00222.

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Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) have emerged as one of the most common endocrine tumors. It epitomizes fascinating crossroads of genetic, metabolic, and endocrine oncology, providing a canvas to explore the molecular intricacies of tumor biology. Predominantly rooted in the aberration of metabolic pathways, particularly the Krebs cycle and related enzymatic functionalities, PPGLs manifest an intriguing metabolic profile, highlighting elevated levels of oncometabolites like succinate and fumarate, and furthering cellular malignancy and genomic instability. This comprehensive review aims to delineate the multifaceted aspects of tumor metabolism in PPGLs, encapsulating genetic factors, oncometabolites, and potential therapeutic avenues, thereby providing a cohesive understanding of metabolic disturbances and their ramifications in tumorigenesis and disease progression. Initial investigations into PPGLs metabolomics unveiled a stark correlation between specific genetic mutations, notably in the succinate dehydrogenase complex (SDHx) genes, and the accumulation of oncometabolites, establishing a pivotal role in epigenetic alterations and hypoxia-inducible pathways. By scrutinizing voluminous metabolic studies and exploiting technologies, novel insights into the metabolic and genetic aspects of PPGLs are perpetually being gathered elucidating complex interactions and molecular machinations. Additionally, the exploration of therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic abnormalities has burgeoned harboring potential for innovative and efficacious treatment modalities. This review encapsulates the profound metabolic complexities of PPGLs, aiming to foster an enriched understanding and pave the way for future investigations and therapeutic innovations in managing these metabolically unique tumors.

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Ballard, M., et E. Issenmann. « Digital cellular mobile-radio system ECR900 ». European Transactions on Telecommunications 1, n^o 1 (janvier 1990) : 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460010106.

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Cousin, Paul. « Triangular Automata : The 256 Elementary Cellular Automata of the Two-Dimensional Plane ». Complex Systems 33, n^o 3 (15 décembre 2024) : 253–76. https://doi.org/10.25088/complexsystems.33.3.253.

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Cellular automata (CAs) in the triangular grid are here called triangular automata (TAs). This paper focuses on the simplest type of TAs, called elementary TAs (ETAs). They are argued to be the two-dimensional counterpart of Wolfram’s elementary CAs. Conceptual and computational tools for their study are presented, along with an initial analysis. This paper is accompanied by the author’s website [1], where the results can be explored interactively. The source code is available in the form of a Wolfram Language package at [2].

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Kubatzky, Katharina F., Yue Gao et Dayoung Yu. « Post-translational modulation of cell signalling through protein succinylation ». Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy 4, n^o 6 (27 décembre 2023) : 1260–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37349/etat.2023.00196.

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Cells need to adapt their activities to extra- and intracellular signalling cues. To translate a received extracellular signal, cells have specific receptors that transmit the signal to downstream proteins so that it can reach the nucleus to initiate or repress gene transcription. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins are reversible or irreversible chemical modifications that help to further modulate protein activity. The most commonly observed PTMs are the phosphorylation of serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues, followed by acetylation, glycosylation, and amidation. In addition to PTMs that involve the modification of a certain amino acid (phosphorylation, hydrophobic groups for membrane localisation, or chemical groups like acylation), or the conjugation of peptides (SUMOylation, NEDDylation), structural changes such as the formation of disulphide bridge, protein cleavage or splicing can also be classified as PTMs. Recently, it was discovered that metabolites from the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle are not only intermediates that support cellular metabolism but can also modify lysine residues. This has been shown for acetate, succinate, and lactate, among others. Due to the importance of mitochondria for the overall fitness of organisms, the regulatory function of such PTMs is critical for protection from aging, neurodegeneration, or cardiovascular disease. Cancer cells and activated immune cells display a phenotype of accelerated metabolic activity known as the Warburg effect. This metabolic state is characterised by enhanced glycolysis, the use of the pentose phosphate pathway as well as a disruption of the TCA cycle, ultimately causing the accumulation of metabolites like citrate, succinate, and malate. Succinate can then serve as a signalling molecule by directly interacting with proteins, by binding to its G protein-coupled receptor 91 (GPR91) and by post-translationally modifying proteins through succinylation of lysine residues, respectively. This review is focus on the process of protein succinylation and its importance in health and disease.

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Frullone, G. Riva, P. Grazioso et C. Carciofi. « Packet reservation multiple access in cellular environments ». European Transactions on Telecommunications 5, n^o 1 (7 septembre 2010) : 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460050111.

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Jaimes-Romero, Fernando, et David Muñoz-Rodriguez. « Evolutionary Searching in Cellular Radio Systems Planning ». European Transactions on Telecommunications 10, n^o 1 (janvier 1999) : 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460100111.

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Kazantzakis, M., P. Demestichas, V. Demesticha, E. Tzifa et J. Kazantzakis. « Paging area planning in future cellular systems ». European Transactions on Telecommunications 12, n^o 6 (novembre 2001) : 501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460120606.

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Zirwas, Wolfgang, Hui Li, Matthias Lott, Martin Weckerle, Egon Schulz et Mattias Lampe. « Radio resource management in cellular multihop networks ». European Transactions on Telecommunications 15, n^o 4 (juillet 2004) : 375–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.987.

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Pan, Yijin, Ming Chen, Nuo Huang et Yinlu Wang. « Power‐efficient D2D relaying cellular network access ». Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies 30, n^o 3 (13 février 2019) : e3576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.3576.

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Engels, F. M., et N. A. Schalk. « Ultrastructural investigations of enzyme treated cell wall material from industrial by-products. » Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 40, n^o 2 (1 juin 1992) : 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v40i2.16520.

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Ultrastructural investigations of glycanase treatments of cell wall material from industrial by-products was carried out with the enzyme-thiocarbohydrazide-silver protein technique (ETAg). Driselase, gamanase and an experimental enzyme preparation with a broad spectra of hemicellulase, cellulase and pectolytic activities were used. Carbohydrate hydrolysis was found in cell walls and cell contents in 1-2 cell layers at the surface of 0.2-mm plant particles. Enzyme activity was detected to some extent inside unlignified and lignified cell walls. The absence of any reaction in some sublayers of the cell wall was indicative for the absence of polysaccharide substrate or a very tied interaction of cell wall components preventing enzymic activity or the absence of typical enzymes in crude preparations. It was concluded that the ETAg-technique can be useful to provide information about structural limitations of poorly degradable plant materials. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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Sun, Yuan, Xicheng Zhang, Zhaolei Chen, Miao Xu et Minghui Ou. « Reduction of Uterine Perfusion Pressure Induced Redistribution of Endothelin Receptor Type-B Between the Intima and Media Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension ». Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 44, n^o 5 (2017) : 1715–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000485777.

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Background/Aims: Studies have shown that a change in endothelin receptor expression in the artery is related to pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). However, the mechanism underlying this change remains unclear. Methods: To test whether the distribution of endothelin receptor type-A (ETAR) and type-B (ETBR) plays an important role in PIH, a reduction of uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model was used to mimic some of the features of PIH; the resulting variable endothelin receptor expression was investigated in the media and intima of the aorta. Single vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were isolated from RUPP and normal pregnant (NP) rats to study the effect of ETAR and ETBR in smooth muscle cells. Results: Compared with NP rats, RUPP rats had a significant redistribution of ETBR expression in the intima and media, while there was no significant difference in ETAR expression between the two groups. ETBR upregulation in VSMCs enhanced cellular contraction and contributed to PIH. The TNF-α plasma levels in RUPP rats were two-fold higher than those of NP rats, which upregulated the expression of ETBR in VSMCS through the NF-κB pathways in RUPP rats. Conclusion: Redistribution of ETBR between the media and intima played an important role in the pathogenesis of PIH.

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Castanié, Francis, Daniel Roviras, Alain Sala, Alain Ayache, Cesar Carmona et Philippe Puech. « Multisensor High-Performance Terminal for Indoor Infrared Cellular Network ». European Transactions on Telecommunications 3, n^o 6 (novembre 1992) : 565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460030609.

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Şafak, Aysel, et Ramjee Prasad. « Correlated co-channel log-normal interferers in cellular radio ». European Transactions on Telecommunications 5, n^o 6 (novembre 1994) : 681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460050604.

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Da, Bin, et Chi Chung Ko. « Dynamic resource allocation in relay-assisted OFDMA cellular system ». Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies 23, n^o 1 (17 octobre 2011) : 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.1509.

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Reyes-Guerrero, J. C., J. J. Murillo-Fuentes et P. M. Olmos. « Remote detection of interfered downlinks in wireless cellular systems ». Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies 23, n^o 5 (28 février 2012) : 444–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.2501.

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Kamal, Hany, Marceau Coupechoux et Philippe Godlewski. « Tabu search for dynamic spectrum allocation in cellular networks ». Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies 23, n^o 6 (7 mars 2012) : 508–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.2506.

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Madani, Najmeh. « Mode selection considering fairness in D2D-enabled cellular networks ». Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies 29, n^o 7 (15 mai 2018) : e3428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.3428.

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Zorzi, Michele. « Fast computation of outage probability for cellular mobile radio systems ». European Transactions on Telecommunications 6, n^o 1 (janvier 1995) : 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460060115.

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Correia, Americo M. C., et Augusto A. Albuquerque. « FH-SSMA with Band-efficient modulations over cellular fading channels ». European Transactions on Telecommunications 7, n^o 2 (mars 1996) : 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460070205.

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Hernández, Raúl E. Díaz, David Muñoz Rodríguez et Carlos A. Molina Ramírez. « QoS degradation in cellular systems due to H/O hysteresis ». European Transactions on Telecommunications 12, n^o 2 (mars 2001) : 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460120210.

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Newton, Mark, John S. Thompson et J. Mark Naden. « Resource allocation in the downlink of cellular multi-hop networks ». European Transactions on Telecommunications 19, n^o 3 (2008) : 299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.1264.

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Yao, Yong, Alexandru Popescu et Adrian Popescu. « On prioritised opportunistic spectrum access in cognitive radio cellular networks ». Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies 27, n^o 2 (8 octobre 2014) : 294–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.2866.

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Jung-Shyr, Wu. « New Channel Assignment Methods for Hot-Spot Overlaying CDMA Cellular Systems ». European Transactions on Telecommunications 11, n^o 3 (mai 2000) : 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460110305.

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Sari, Hikmet, Heidi Steendam et Marc Moeneclaey. « On the capacity of cellular CDMA and TDMA over nondispersive channels ». European Transactions on Telecommunications 12, n^o 4 (juillet 2001) : 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460120411.

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Barco, Raquel, Volker Wille et Luis Díez. « System for automated diagnosis in cellular networks based on performance indicators ». European Transactions on Telecommunications 16, n^o 5 (2005) : 399–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.1060.

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Chen, Young-Long, Chih-Peng Li, Jyu-Wei Wang et Jyh-Horng Wen. « Performance analysis of multi-step power control algorithm for cellular systems ». European Transactions on Telecommunications 19, n^o 2 (2008) : 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.1211.

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Elhattab, M. K., Mahmoud M. Elmesalawy et I. I. Ibrahim. « Distributed device association for multiservice heterogeneous cellular networks with QoS provisioning ». Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies 28, n^o 11 (14 juin 2017) : e3181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.3181.

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Chen, Xinyi, Yapeng Chen, Wenlin Liao, Zhenyu Zhou, Bo Gu et Xiaoyan Wang. « Optimal pricing strategy for resource allocation in 5G heterogeneous cellular networks ». Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies 29, n^o 10 (19 juin 2018) : e3437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.3437.

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Aissaoui Ferhi, Leila, Kaouthar Sethom, Fethi Choubani et Ridha Bouallegue. « Multiobjective self-optimization of the cellular architecture for green 5G networks ». Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies 29, n^o 10 (12 juillet 2018) : e3478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.3478.

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Linnartz, Jean-Paul M. G. « Site diversity in land-mobile cellular telephony network with discontinuous voice transmission ». European Transactions on Telecommunications 2, n^o 5 (septembre 1991) : 471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460020503.

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Duque-Anón, Manuel, Patrik Koch, Dietmar Kunz, Bemhard Rüber et Meinhard Ullrich. « Learning the compatibility matrix for adaptive resource management in cellular radio networks ». European Transactions on Telecommunications 6, n^o 6 (novembre 1995) : 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460060608.

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Baiocchi, Andrea, Fabrizio Sestini et Francesco Delli Priscoli. « Effects of user mobility on the capacity of a CDMA cellular network ». European Transactions on Telecommunications 7, n^o 4 (juillet 1996) : 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460070403.

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Hartmann, Christian, et Jörg Eberspächer. « Adaptive radio resource management in F/TDMA cellular networks using smart antennas ». European Transactions on Telecommunications 12, n^o 5 (septembre 2001) : 439–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460120509.

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Islam, Mohammad Mahfuzul, et Manzur Murshed. « An adaptive min–max fair bandwidth allocation scheme for cellular multimedia networks ». European Transactions on Telecommunications 17, n^o 5 (2006) : 547–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.1068.

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Bziuk, Wolfgang, Said Zaghloul et Admela Jukan. « A new framework for characterising the number of handovers in cellular networks ». European Transactions on Telecommunications 20, n^o 7 (novembre 2009) : 689–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.1381.

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