Bibliographies thématiques / Escapement mechanisms

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Escapement mechanisms »

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Publié le 4 mai 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Escapement mechanisms"

Moon, Francis C., et Preston D. Stiefel. « Coexisting chaotic and periodic dynamics in clock escapements ». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A : Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, n^o 1846 (28 juillet 2006) : 2539–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1839.

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This paper addresses the nature of noise in machines. As a concrete example, we examine the dynamics of clock escapements from experimental, historical and analytical points of view. Experiments on two escapement mechanisms from the Reuleaux kinematic collection at Cornell University are used to illustrate chaotic-like noise in clocks. These vibrations coexist with the periodic dynamics of the balance wheel or pendulum. A mathematical model is presented that shows how self-generated chaos in clocks can break the dry friction in the gear train. This model is shown to exhibit a strange attractor in the structural vibration of the clock. The internal feedback between the oscillator and the escapement structure is similar to anti-control of chaos models.

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Thilmany, Jean. « History in 3-D ». Mechanical Engineering 134, n^o 04 (1 avril 2012) : 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2012-apr-6.

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This article discusses how kinematic mechanisms created by Franz Reuleaux are now being made available by Cornell University for students and researchers. The university’s Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering owns the largest set of cast iron and brass models of machines designed by Reuleaux more than 130 years ago. Cornell librarians have helped develop the Kinematic Models for Design Digital Library, or K-MODDL, to allow Internet users to view the models close up. The Cornell Reuleaux Collection contains numerous kinematic mechanisms for rotary and reciprocating engines using both steam and internal combustion. It also includes a dozen working clock escapement mechanisms, from the early verge and foliot escapement to the gravity escapement employed in London’s famous Big Ben. K-MODDL will make the collection available to educators, researchers, and students well beyond the Cornell campus. Those with access to a 3-D printer will be able to build a reproduction of the real thing to see up close how the mechanism works.

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Sui, Li, Geng Chen Shi, Ping Song et Wei Song. « Rigid-Flexible Coupling Dynamics Analysis of Clock Mechanism ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (décembre 2010) : 1823–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.1823.

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As a device for time-delay, clock mechanism is widely used in fuze safety and arming device, whose core component is the runaway escapement. With the development of artillery systems, the dynamic environment during the projectile becomes more and more complicated. Recently, some shots misfire or premature explode during shooting process because runaway escapements’ miswork. This paper utilizes gear system’s research results applied in other fields, discusses clock mechanism’s dynamics problem, and uses ADAMS to analyze runaway escapement’s rigid-flexible coupling model. From comparing the simulation results of multi-rigid model and rigid-flexible coupling model, we find that elastic deformation will affect runaway escapement’s movement, even can cause the whole device to work abnormally.

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Kalchenko, E. I., T. N. Travina, M. A. Pokhodina, N. A. Rastyagaeva et A. A. Popkov. « Assessment of macrozoobenthos quality in the Bolshaya River (Western Kamchatka) in connection with escapements of Pacific salmon spawners ». Researches of the aquatic biological resources of Kamchatka and the North-West Part of the Pacific Ocean 1, n^o 65 (14 janvier 2023) : 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15853/2072-8212.2022.65.66-79.

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The paper shows mechanisms of influence of organic matter of marine origin entering the Bolshaya River basin with spawning escapement of Pacific salmon on the quality of freshwater macrozoobenthos. It has been found out that larvae of amphibiotic insects can receive marine nutrients through direct consumption of benthos in summer-autumn period and indirectly through trophic chains for a long time (till spring of the next year). The effect of Pacific salmon spawning escapements on such invertebrate characteristics as body weight, content of lipids and fatty acid-markers of food sources (phytoplankton, bacterioplankton or detritus) has been established. It is concluded that the trophic conditions of macrozoobenthos organisms, the food items of juvenile fish, have improved due to the intake of more marine nutrients.

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Carter, Charles W. « Escapement mechanisms : Efficient free energy transduction by reciprocally‐coupled gating ». Proteins : Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics 88, n^o 5 (mai 2020) : 710–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.25856.

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Branscomb, E., T. Biancalani, N. Goldenfeld et M. Russell. « Escapement mechanisms and the conversion of disequilibria ; the engines of creation ». Physics Reports 677 (mars 2017) : 1–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2017.02.001.

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Blumenthal, Aaron S., et Michael Nosonovsky. « Friction and Dynamics of Verge and Foliot : How the Invention of the Pendulum Made Clocks Much More Accurate ». Applied Mechanics 1, n^o 2 (29 avril 2020) : 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmech1020008.

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The tower clocks designed and built in Europe starting from the end of the 13th century employed the “verge and foliot escapement” mechanism. This mechanism provided a relatively low accuracy of time measurement. The introduction of the pendulum into the clock mechanism by Christiaan Huygens in 1658–1673 improved the accuracy by about 30 times. The improvement is attributed to the isochronicity of small linear vibrations of a mathematical pendulum. We develop a mathematical model of both mechanisms. Using scaling arguments, we show that the introduction of the pendulum resulted in accuracy improvement by approximately π/μ ≈ 30 times, where μ ≈ 0.1 is the coefficient of friction. Several historic clocks are discussed, as well as the implications of both mechanisms to the history of science and technology.

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Weber, Michael J., Mark Flammang et Randall Schultz. « Estimating and Evaluating Mechanisms Related to Walleye Escapement from Rathbun Lake, Iowa ». North American Journal of Fisheries Management 33, n^o 3 (juin 2013) : 642–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2013.788588.

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Parma, Ana M., et Richard B. Deriso. « Experimental Harvesting of Cyclic Stocks in the Face of Alternative Recruitment Hypotheses ». Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, n^o 3 (1 mars 1990) : 595–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-068.

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Cyclic fluctuations in year-class abundance have been recorded for several fish populations. Historical patterns are generally consistent with several hypotheses about underlying mechanisms, which involve (a) strong density dependence or (b) environmental forcing. Optimal harvesting policies differ depending on which hypothesis is deemed true. Not only does the harvesting policy affect the amount of catch taken, but it can strongly affect our ability to discriminate between alternative hypotheses. Fully-adaptive feedback policies, which explicitly account for the information content of harvest controls, were computed with dynamic progamming for some model prototypes of the problem. Results indicate that deliberate experimentation with escapement levels, oriented to reduce the uncertainty, may be worthwhile under some conditions. In most cases, however, optimal passive policies (in which learning occurs passively) were a good approximation to actively adaptive policies. The optimal passive controls for maximizing a risk-neutral objective, such as total catch, were generally very informative. Although passive and active controls markedly differed in some cases, expected discounted yields under the two types of policies were very similar (differences less than 2%). The extreme risk-averse presciption of managing a stock according to the more pessimistic recruitment model may lead to considerable yield losses.

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Goldsztein, Guillermo H., Lars Q. English, Emma Behta, Hillel Finder, Alice N. Nadeau et Steven H. Strogatz. « Coupled metronomes on a moving platform with Coulomb friction ». Chaos : An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 32, n^o 4 (avril 2022) : 043119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0085216.

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Using a combination of theory, experiment, and simulation, we revisit the dynamics of two coupled metronomes on a moving platform. Our experiments show that the platform’s motion is damped by a dry friction force of Coulomb type, not the viscous linear friction force that has often been assumed in the past. Prompted by this result, we develop a new mathematical model that builds on previously introduced models but departs from them in its treatment of friction on the platform. We analyze the model by a two-timescale analysis and derive the slow-flow equations that determine its long-term dynamics. The derivation of the slow flow is challenging due to the stick-slip motion of the platform in some parameter regimes. Simulations of the slow flow reveal various kinds of long-term behavior including in-phase and antiphase synchronization of identical metronomes, phase locking and phase drift of non-identical metronomes, and metronome suppression and death. In these latter two states, one or both of the metronomes come to swing at such low amplitude that they no longer engage their escapement mechanisms. We find good agreement between our theory, simulations, and experiments, but stress that our exploration is far from exhaustive. Indeed, much still remains to be learned about the dynamics of coupled metronomes, despite their simplicity and familiarity.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Escapement mechanisms"

Guillonneau, Richard. « Diversité des interactions microbiennes au sein de l'environnement marin ˸ : De biofilms multi-spécifiques à multi-organismes ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0009.

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La formation de biofilm multi-organismes est rarement étudiée en particulier avec des organismes marins. Ce travail a d’abord mis en évidence une hétérogénéité des capacités de formation du biofilm et de la matrice de bactéries isolées de Méditerranée. L’étude de biofilms multi-espèces a permis de révéler des effets antagonistes et bénéfiques de certaines souches sur le développement du biofilm de leurs partenaires. Les interactions entre amibes et bactéries marines inoculées à un faible ratio ont ensuite montré que toutes les souches testées ont été phagocytées par Acanthamoeba castellanii. Cependant, différents mécanismes d’échappement à leur prédateur ont été mis en évidence tels qu’une localisation intranucléolaire des bactéries ou au sein de pelotes fécales expulsées de l’amibe. En revanche, lorsque les amibes ont été ajoutées sur des biofilms monospécifiques ou multi-spécifiques préalablement formés, une majorité de bactéries a fini par se détacher. Le surnageant amibien a également induit un détachement chez deux des bactéries de leur biofilm monospécifique, ainsi que des modifications phénotypiques chez ces mêmes souches, suggérant que des composés amibiens sont secrétés et détectés par les bactéries. Par conséquent, alors qu’on aurait pu s’attendre à un simple broutage des bactéries marines par les amibes, une diversité de comportements bactériens a été mis en évidence donnant une idée sur la diversité des mécanismes d’interaction pouvant exister dans l’environnement marin
The formation of multi-organisms biofilms is poorly studied especially with marine organisms. This work first showed that strains harvested in biofilms from the Mediterranean Sea displayed a heterogeneity in their biofilm formation abilities and a diversity of matrix compounds. The study of multi-species biofilms revealed antagonistic and beneficial effects of some strains on the biofilm development of their partners. The interactions between amoebae and marine bacteria inoculated at a low ratio showed that all the strains tested were phagocytosed by Acanthamoeba castellanii. However, different mechanisms of escapement from their predators have been unraveled, such as a bacterial localization within the cell nucleolus or within fecal pellets expelled from amoebae. However, when the amoebae were added to a preformed bacterial monospecies or multispecies biofilms, a majority of bacteria detached from the surface. The amoebae supernatant induced also a bacterial detachment on two of the bacteria in monospecies biofilms, as well as morphological changes of these bacteria, suggesting that amoeba chemical cues are secreted and detected by the bacteria. Therefore, although a simple grazing of non-pathogenic marine bacteria by amoebae could have been expected, a diversity of bacterial behaviors was unraveled giving an idea on the diversity of interaction mechanisms that may exist in the marine environment

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Mali, Girish Suresh. « Novel Escapement Mechanism using a Compliant Mechanism and a Piezoelectric Actuator ». Digital WPI, 2007. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1110.

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"Escapement mechanisms hold back a stream of parts driven either by mechanical or pneumatic means for a length of time and release a single part as required to an assembly station. They are used in most automatic multi-component assembly equipment. They occupy a significant design space and have dynamic characteristics of their own. This research aimed to develop a novel high speed mechanism for parts escapement that occupies less design space and contributes less to the dynamic activity of the structure. Several conceptual mechanisms were generated and evaluated. A compliant mechanism that amplifies the very small displacement of a piezo actuator was selected for detailed design. A proof of concept prototype was fabricated and tested. A piezo stack was used to bend a thin, spring steel, compliant beam. Its deflection was further amplified by attaching a comparatively rigid beam extension at the end of the compliant section. The mechanism escapes parts at 16 Hz using constrained layer damping on the beam to reduce vibrations. The concept is feasible to use on production machinery and provides advantages in terms of higher operating speeds and compactness. The concept could also be used where there is a requirement of high speed gating."

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« Multibody dynamics based simulation studies of escapement mechanisms in mechanical watch movement ». 2008. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5893587.

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Fu, Kin Chung Denny.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-123).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
摘要 --- p.iii
Acknowledgements --- p.iv
Table of Contents --- p.v
List of Figures --- p.viii
List of Tables --- p.xi
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Objective --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Fundamental knowledge of multibody dynamics --- p.2
Chapter 1.3 --- Escapement mechanisms --- p.5
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Time keeping accuracy and stability factors --- p.7
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Estimations of moment of inertia --- p.9
Chapter 1.3.3 --- Other simulations and analyses --- p.15
Chapter 1.4 --- Thesis outlines --- p.15
Chapter 1.5 --- Chapter summary --- p.17
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Multibody Dynamics --- p.18
Chapter 2.1 --- The unilateral corner law of impact --- p.18
Chapter 2.2 --- The Coulomb's friction --- p.19
Chapter 2.3 --- "Slip, stick, and slip reversal phenomena" --- p.20
Chapter 2.4 --- The coefficients of restitution --- p.20
Chapter 2.5 --- Ways of formulating multiple contacts --- p.22
Chapter 2.6 --- Integration procedure --- p.22
Chapter 2.7 --- The P. Pfeiffer and Ch. Glocker's approach --- p.23
Chapter 2.7.1 --- Kinematics calculation --- p.23
Chapter 2.7.2 --- Configuration index --- p.26
Chapter 2.7.3 --- Motion without contact --- p.27
Chapter 2.7.4 --- Motion for detachment and slip-stick transition and LCP formulation --- p.27
Chapter 2.7.5 --- Motion for impact and LCP formulation --- p.37
Chapter 2.8 --- Solving LCP --- p.50
Chapter 2.9 --- Chapter summary --- p.52
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Development of the Simulation Tool --- p.54
Chapter 3.1 --- Kinematics calculation --- p.54
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Geometric definitions --- p.55
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Line-to-line contact --- p.59
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Arc-to-line contact --- p.62
Chapter 3.1.4 --- Kinematics calculation procedures --- p.67
Chapter 3.2 --- Obtaining the solutions --- p.72
Chapter 3.3 --- Revised numerical treatment for LCP solving --- p.73
Chapter 3.4 --- Integration procedure of simulation --- p.74
Chapter 3.5 --- Verification example --- p.76
Chapter 3.5.1 --- Classical mechanics approach --- p.76
Chapter 3.5.2 --- Pre-calculation before application --- p.79
Chapter 3.5.3 --- Simulation results --- p.81
Chapter 3.6 --- Chapter summary --- p.83
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Application to Swiss Lever Escapement --- p.84
Chapter 4.1 --- Working principle of Swiss lever escapement --- p.84
Chapter 4.2 --- Simulation of Swiss lever escapement --- p.87
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Pre-calculation of kinematics --- p.88
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Simulation results --- p.89
Chapter 4.3 --- More simulations --- p.102
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Theoretical optimal peak amplitudes --- p.102
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Simulation of coaxial escapement --- p.103
Chapter 4.3.3 --- Simulations with different simulation parameters --- p.109
Chapter 4.3.4 --- Relation of input complexity and computational time --- p.111
Chapter 4.4 --- Chapter summary --- p.113
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusions and Future works --- p.114
Chapter 5.1 --- Conclusions --- p.114
Chapter 5.2 --- Future works --- p.117
Bibliography --- p.119

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Mundy, Wayne Russell. « The analysis of runaway escapements utilised in clockwork mechanisms ». Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11663.

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M. Ing. (Mechanical Engineering)
Runaway escapements of various types are utilised as timing regulators or inertial governors in clockwork mechanisms. This work developed a computer simulation of a spring driven runaway escapement having a flat sided pallet. The mathematical analysis took into account the three motion regimes of the escapement, that is, coupled motion, free motion and impact, and allows for equal and unequal arm pallets and pallets with arbitrarily located centres of mass. Rotor disc friction was also taken into account. Three escapement types were designed using geometric design principles developed. Two of these escapements were then manufactured and tested for arming time on a specially built test base. Simulation runs using the dimensions of these escapements were in excellent agreement with the experimental results. The simulation model was found to be well suited for conducting parametric studies of the spring driven escapement.

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« A study on the dynamics of periodical impact mechanism with an application in mechanical watch escapement ». Thesis, 2008. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6074686.

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Among various non-smooth dynamic systems, the periodically forced oscillation system with impact is perhaps the most common in engineering applications. Usually it has an oscillator with fixed or unfixed stops. The dynamics becomes complicate due to the impact against the stops. Sometimes it leads to bifurcation and even turns to chaos. Its present applications include MEMS switch device, escapement in watch movement and so on.
As a branch of mechanics, the multi-body dynamic system is well-studied. In particular, the non-smooth dynamical system attracts many researchers because of its importance and diversity. The main behaviours of such a system include contact (slip-stick motion), friction and impact. Although various models have been developed for these behaviours and their results are often satisfactory, the truth is that they are still far from completion. In the past twenty some years, various new methods have been developed. However, none of them is universally applicable. One of the difficulties is that there are a number of explicit discontinuities, such as: (a) Coulomb friction gives a discontinuous law for the forces as a function of velocities, and (b) The contact conditions give forces that are not only discontinuous in position, but also unbounded and give rise to discontinuities in the velocities.
This thesis presents a systematic study on the periodically forced oscillation system with impact. Various existing methods are discussed and compared. In particular, impulsive differential equation, Poincare map and perturbation theory are applied. Two practical cases are included: a first-order system and the Swiss lever escapement mechanism. The latter has significant engineering value as the Swiss level escapement is the key component of mechanical watch movement. The precision dynamic model has very high numerical accuracy in describing/predicting their dynamics. The research helps to optimize the design of a commercial product. The model is validated by means of experiment.
Fu, Yu.
Adviser: Du Ruxu.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: B, page: 3745.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-142).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
School code: 1307.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Escapement mechanisms"

Yan, Hong-Sen, et Tsung-Yi Lin. « Comparison between the Escapement Regulators of Su Song’s Clock-Tower and Modern Mechanical Clocks ». Dans International Symposium on History of Machines and Mechanisms Proceedings HMM 2000, 141–48. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9554-4_16.

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Du, Ruxu, et Longhan Xie. « The Mechanics of the Swiss Lever Escapement ». Dans History of Mechanism and Machine Science, 47–87. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29308-5_3.

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Rico, José M., Jaime Gallardo A. et Joseph Duffy. « A Determination of Singular Configurations of Serial Non-Redundant Manipulators, and Their Escapement from Singularities using Lie Products ». Dans Solid Mechanics and Its Applications, 143–52. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0333-6_15.

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Harrison, David. « Analysis of the Mechanisms for Compensation in Clock B ». Dans Harrison Decoded, 149–74. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816812.003.0010.

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This chapter assesses the design requirements of the grasshopper escapement, the pendulum and suspension spring to provide compensation for changing density and viscosity of the air surrounding the pendulum and changing escapement torque. It assesses the key components of the Harrison system: a pendulum bob of modest mass; a pendulum operating at a large running arc; and the grasshopper escapement’s increased torque delivery, ability to run without lubrication, its composers that allow fine adjustment to the torques delivered before and after the escaping arcs are reached and the importance of the thickness of the suspension spring that runs within circular cheeks. It also compares the system to the traditional pendulum clock design that traditionally employs a pendulum with a large mass and high-quality factor—high Q. Furthermore, it discusses Harrison’s stipulation that the pendulum needed to slightly reduce its length when warm.

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Adelson, Robert. « Faster and louder ». Dans Erard, 82–87. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197565315.003.0010.

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Sébastien Erard’s most famous invention for the piano was the double-escapement action, which allows the pianist to rapidly repeat a given note without completely releasing the key, thus rendering the key and the hammer totally independent from each other. This action revolutionised the design of piano mechanisms and had a profound impact on music written for the instrument. Far from being an isolated discovery from the 1820s, Sébastien’s invention was the culmination of a lifetime of searching for ways to make the piano more responsive to the musician’s touch, all the while maintaining a powerful tone.

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Thompson, David. « WATCHES 1500–1800 ». Dans A General History of Horology, 185–214. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863915.003.0006.

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Abstract This chapter describes in detail the development of watches throughout Europe from the late fifteenth to the late eighteenth century. It defines what constitutes a watch, and investigates the development of the watch in Germany, France, The Netherlands, and Flanders, as well as England and Switzerland. It covers the influx of Huguenots and their influence on the watchmaking industry. It explains the various advances in mechanisms used, for example, the fusee watch movement, balance spring, duplex escapement, and cases created. Finally, it covers the work of leading makers including Tompion, Graham, Ellicott, Mudge, Arnold, Earnshaw, Quare, and Breguet.

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Fu, Y., et R. Du. « Swiss Lever Escapement Mechanism ». Dans Mechatronic Systems, 3–1. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780849307768-3.

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Fu, Y., et R. Du. « Swiss Lever Escapement Mechanism ». Dans Mechanical Engineering Series, 3–1. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780849307768.ch3.

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Woodward, Philip. « Choosing an escapement ». Dans My Own Right Time, 19–31. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198565222.003.0003.

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Abstract The number of different ways of maintaining a pendulum in oscillation is legion, and over the centuries many schemes have been tried - so many, indeed, that it would hardly be practicable even to list them, still less to place them in an order of merit, so I shall describe only those that are relevant to my story. First there are one or two matters of terminology. It is in the nature of mechanics that a pendulum should be maintained by a succession of little pushes rather than a continuous drive. A force acting through a given distance supplies a pulse of energy, known in mechanical horology as an impulse, which is unfortunate. To the academic mathematician, an impulse is defined as a force acting for a certain length of time, giving rise to a change of momentum, which is a different concept altogether. We must simply put up with this misuse of terms, which is hallowed by tradition.

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« Pacific Salmon : Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations ». Dans Pacific Salmon : Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations, sous la direction de Roy A. Stein et Charles C. Krueger. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874110.ch61.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—As part of the Sustainability of the Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim (AYK) Salmon Fisheries Symposium held in Anchorage, Alaska during February 5–9, 2007, we identify and discuss the issues that connect the symposium’s presentations and papers (this volume), especially those focusing on AYK stock status and management. We also describe themes that, based on our experience, we know exist but were not explicitly discussed by symposium participants. Issues emerging from the symposium included: different mechanisms affecting stock abundance, cooperation between industry and management, the challenges of stock-recruit curves, effects of broad-scale environmental instability, biocomplexity and stock-specific management, management power-sharing, and conflicts among fisheries. Two unspoken themes were (1) the management tensions between up-river and down-river fishers on the Yukon and Kuskokwim rivers and between state and federal management authorities, and (2) data sharing among the scientific, management, and stakeholder communities. Understanding how escapement goals were set, and identifying where shared values exist among stakeholder groups and managers were themes that should have gained attention and discussion. Each of the themes could provide a focus for future discussion, research, and resolution, thus leading to alternative ways to manage salmon in the region.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Escapement mechanisms"

Els, D. N. J. « Numerical Study of the Motion of a Runaway Escapement ». Dans ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/mech-14064.

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Abstract The dynamic and kinematic characteristics of a runaway escapement, one of the classic mechanisms, were investigated. The two components of the mechanism are treated as separate entities and their equations of motion are integrated twice to obtain angular displacement. The motion is constrained by the space occupied by the opposing component at a specific time. The contacts between the components are treated as elastic collisions with dissipation and friction. From the simulation results it can be concluded that for the normal operating range of a runaway escapement, a resisting moment proportional to the square of its angular velocity is exerted.

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Yan, Hong-Sen, et Tsung-Yi Lin. « A Systematic Approach to the Reconstruction of Ancient Chinese Escapement Regulators ». Dans ASME 2002 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2002/edc-34382.

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It is generally believed that the first escapement regulator invented is the waterwheel steelyard-clepsydra device made in ancient China by Su Song during the Northern Song Dynasty (960~1,127 AD). The device, which was a unique feature of the ancient Chinese escapement regulators, was used in Su’s famous clock tower, Shui Yun Yi Xiang Tai (Water-Powered Armillary Sphere and Celestial Globe). Evidence found in certain historical literature, however, suggests that the astronomical clocks made before the Northern Song Dynasty were also equipped with escapement regulators. But due to insufficient literature on the specific design of the devices and the fact that none of the earlier escapement regulators have been recovered, it has been very difficult to recreate the original mechanism design. Therefore, in view of this problem, we wish to present a reconstruction design procedure for the ancient machinery in this paper. By combining the innovative mechanism design methodology with the mechanical evolution and variation theory, we can systematically recreate all feasible and appropriate designs that are consistent with the science theories and techniques of the subject time period. In this paper, the waterwheel steelyard-clepsydra device made by Su Song was adopted as the original design for the reconstruction of ancient Chinese escapement regulators. Utilizing the procedure proposed in this paper, the reconstruction designs we recreated included 12 six-bar and eight-joint waterwheel steelyard-clepsydra devices, among which 10 were with four-bar linkages and 2 were with rope-and-pulley mechanisms. These results can be further used in the study of ancient Chinese mechanical clocks, especially in reconstruction research.

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Besuchet, Romain, Yoan Civet et Yves Perriard. « A novel electronically-controlled linear escapement mechanism ». Dans 2014 17th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icems.2014.7013868.

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He, Guang-Lin, Li Lao et Tai-Heng Zhang. « Research on Characteristics of Runaway Escapement Driven by Double-Slider Mechanism ». Dans 2009 International Workshop on Intelligent Systems and Applications. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwisa.2009.5073060.

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Wang, Kaibao, Sicheng Qin, Kemin Liu et Xinglong Chen. « Design and Research on tower escape apparatus based on the principle of escapement mechanism ». Dans 2nd International Conference on Electronic and Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology. Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emeit.2012.385.

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Zhang, Zhanguo, et Xiaoyong Liu. « Design of an intermittent escape apparatus used in high-rise buildings based on escapement mechanism ». Dans 2011 International Conference on Mechatronic Science, Electric Engineering and Computer (MEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mec.2011.6025534.

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Hu, Hongsheng, Jiong Wang et Jie Che. « Construction of Virtual Test Platform for Fuze Involute Gear Train and Straight-Sided Verge Runaway Escapement Mechanism ». Dans 2010 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmtma.2010.544.

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Hill, Frances A., Timothy F. Havel et Carol Livermore. « A Portable Power Source Based on MEMS and Carbon Nanotubes ». Dans ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42196.

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The conceptual design for a portable power source that stores energy in the elastic deformation of carbon nanotubes is presented. The architecture of such a device is comprised of three main system-level components: a CNT-based spring, a generator, and a coupling mechanism between the spring and the generator. A simple model of one possible energy storage device is formulated as a tool to study the feasibility of such a system, the effect of scaling on power output, and the overall efficiency of the system. Energy is stored in a CNT bundle that is stretched in pure axial tension, and an escapement mechanism is used to control the rate of energy release from the system. The stored mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy with a piezoelectric generator. Simulations are run for systems of different size scales, which yield power outputs from 0.4 μW to 4 mW. The efficiency of converting the energy stored in the CNT-based spring to electrical energy approaches 15%. Results of the study show that operating frequency, efficiency, discharge time and power can be acceptable over a range of size scales, leaving some flexibility in the choice of overall size scale, but the high load resistances required to reach high output power favor larger scale systems.

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Manion, Charles A., et Mark Fuge. « Potential Energy Surfaces for Conceptual Design and Analysis of Mechanical Systems ». Dans ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-70921.

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Abstract Current computational Design Synthesis approaches have had trouble generating components with higher kinematic pairs and have instead relied on libraries of predefined components. However, higher kinematic pairs are ubiquitous in many mechanical devices such as ratchets, latches, locks, trigger mechanisms, clock escapements, and materials handling systems. In many cases there is a need to synthesize new higher kinematic pair devices. To address this problem, we develop a new representation for mechanical systems that extends the capabilities of configuration spaces to consider arbitrary energy storing mechanical devices. The key idea underlying this representation is the use of potential energy surfaces as a generalization of configuration spaces. This generalization enables modelling of mechanical systems in a physics independent manner and captures behaviors such as dynamics. By modeling a device through the lens of a potential energy surface, we demonstrate that differentiable simulation is possible. Differentiable simulation enables efficient calculation of gradients of potential energy surface parameters with respect to an objective function that depends on trajectories taken on the potential energy surface. This allows synthesis of mechanical devices with desired kinematic and dynamic behavior through gradient descent. We demonstrate this through several synthesis examples including positioning devices (e.g., a funnel) and timing devices (e.g., an oscillator).

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Escapement mechanisms"

Conrad, Jon, Linda Nøstbakken, Steven Stone, Henrik Franklin et César Viteri. Fisheries Management in the Galapagos Marine Reserve : A Bioeconomic Perspective. Inter-American Development Bank, mai 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008751.

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Despite numerous efforts and a large investment by the Ecuadorian Government and the international community, fishery management in Galapagos remains highly conflictive and essentially ineffective. Levels of mistrust and lack of communication have eroded the governance mechanisms in place to resolve conflicts over competing uses in the Reserve. In an effort to provide new information and analytical content into the policy debate regarding fisheries management in the marine reserve, the authors of this paper developed this research utilizing an economic approach to regulating use of the primary commercial fisheries in Galapagos. In particular, the objective of this study is to determine the optimal harvest, escapement, and fishing effort for the small-scale fishing fleet of the Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR). In this study, the focus of attention is the two most important fisheries: the sea cucumber (pepino de mar, or "pepino") and the spiny red lobster. The authors base their analysis on a stochastic discrete time bioeconomic model developed by Reed (1979).

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