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Rimsyahtono, Rimsyahtono, Nandang Sambas, Ratna Januarita et Neni Sri Imaniyati. « Social Justice Manifestation Based on Islamic Law Principle in The Corporate Penal Sanction of Environment ». JURNAL HUKUM ISLAM 19, no 2 (2 décembre 2021) : 253–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.28918/jhi.v19i2.4958.
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Corporate punishment in the environmental aspect has not led to social justice based on Islamic law principles because of the lack of attention to the community as victims who suffer losses due to environmental pollution, which should be a life support. This study aimed to realize that social justice based on Islamic law principles incorporates punishment in environmental aspects for the future. This type of research uses a normative legal typology to approach the principles, systematics, and level of legal synchronization of legislation based on Islamic Law and Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. Secondary data obtained through library studies were analyzed descriptively. The results show that the nature of corporate punishment in environmental aspects in Islamic Law aims to prevent corporations from repeating their actions, prevent other corporations from participating in environmental pollution, and foster corporations that have polluted the environment. Furthermore, the embodiment of social justice based on Islamic law principles incorporate punishment in the environmental aspect must contain the values of corporate culture and community development. Social justice is in line with the principle of the benefit of the people in Islamic Law, where each punishment contains aspects of paying attention to victims of crime.
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Aliu, Agni, Suzana Aliu, Merime Mustafi et Zibide Kamberi. « Environmental pollution in the river Koselska, law, economic and social aspects ». Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 19 (2011) : 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.05.155.
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Mata-Lima, Herlander. « Hydrologic design that incorporates environmental, quality, and social aspects ». Environmental Quality Management 15, no 3 (2006) : 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tqem.20092.
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Lihter, Pavel L. « Planned obsolescence : legal aspects of counteraction ». Pravovedenie 62, no 3 (2018) : 518–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2018.306.
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Modern society faces new challenges due to the development of technology, economy, level of consumption. The article deals with the legal aspects of counteraction to the strategy of unscrupulous manufacturers for deliberate programming of technical defects of the goods, leading to the need to replace it immediately at the end of the warranty period. This strategy has significant implications for public health, social and environmental security. The objectives of the work are studying the actual problems of planned obsolescence of products, the search for its essence, principles and features. The author identifies legislative and law enforcement practice formed by the European Union and different countries in this area. The analysis of law in other countries allows to state the tendency of shift of emphasis from private law methods of protection of consumer and social rights to public law methods, to wider use of a number of coercive instruments. Rethinking the balance of private, public and public interests led to the author’s proposal to develop a holistic concept of legal regulation of civil law relations. As a result of the article, the directions for improving various branches of law in order to counteract the planned obsolescence of goods are proposed.
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Charlier, Roger H., et Constance C. Charlier. « Environmental, Economic, and Social Aspects of Marine Aggregates' Exploitation ». Environmental Conservation 19, no 1 (1992) : 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900030228.
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The progressive depletion of land sources of construction materials poses increasingly acute supply problems to the building industry. Stricter rules than currently exist in relation to environmental concerns and their effective enforcement, while undoubtedly laudable, would exacerbate the situation and preclude opening, in many instances, new land-quarries. The search for alternative sources led naturally to exploitation of marine deposits. Beaches and near-shore areas have long been tapped for relatively small amounts of sand and gravel, but the new, greatly-increased demands for these materials poses a serious threat to many shores. Tourism and mining, unavoidably, have come into conflict. Beach protection, and, with increasing frequency, ‘renourishment’, is antipodal to granulates' mining. Offshore dredging has in some cases triggered accelerated beach erosion. The general rise of sea-level, and the consequences of exceptional-strength storms, have worsened erosion and greatly disturbed — occasionally irreversibly — the local sedimentary budget and transit. Technological progress, and more and more sophisticated equipment, permit greater efficiency in, and greater depth of, dredging operations.Besides their use for construction materials, the search for minerals in the marine domain also affects sands and gravels: placers and ores are available here, and mining in the coastal zone is no longer a marginal undertaking. Exploitation of ‘granulates’ ranks today as the second most important marine mining activity after oil extraction. Hence it is a top-priority topic for Quaternary economic geologists and environment specialists alike, while public awareness has henceforth to be reckoned with. Communication and information techniques must consequently be designed and vigorously propagated.
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Shekhovtsova, Victoria, Olena Guzenko, Oksana Soldatenko, Valeriiy Vorotin, Zoriana Buryk et Oleg Diegtiar. « Norms of International and Financial Law : General Features and Problems in the Context of Sustainable Development (Aspects of Public Administration) ». PROOF 2 (10 mai 2022) : 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232020.2022.2.16.
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The rules of financial law in connection with the worldwide spread of sustainable development concept apply to the social and environmental aspects of the operation of companies. EU legislation provides for accountability of organizations for the management of social and environmental challenges. This study aims to highlight the common features and issues of financial law at the international and national levels on the example of companies with international investment. Results of the research. The study highlights how companies with international investment in Ukraine ensure compliance with financial law and how this practice generally affects business strategy, business model, social behavior, and environmental protection. The common features of the norms of international and financial law within the EU are determined due to the adaptation and policy of integration of the norms into the national legal framework. Member States have adapted the new provisions of Directive 2014/95/EU, companies make public social and environmental operations following the new requirements. The implementation of financial law standards provides the company with several advantages. CSR reporting may not be in line with the actual business focus on environmental sustainability, as it stems from the voluntary nature of this type of reporting, which is contained not only in the law of Directive 2014/95/EU but also in the reporting of Italian, Spanish, Ukrainian companies. Sustainability reports do not guarantee effective management practices for the company's environmental and environmental issues. The theoretical value of this study lies in complementing the concept of social responsibility: the concept of social responsibility applies to reporting to investors, not society, helping to create business value and increase investment opportunities and maintain profitability.
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Kentel, Elçin, et Emre Alp. « Hydropower in Turkey : Economical, social and environmental aspects and legal challenges ». Environmental Science & ; Policy 31 (août 2013) : 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2013.02.008.
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Stenberg, Jenny, Liane Thuvander et Paula Femenías. « Linking social and environmental aspects : a multidimensional evaluation of refurbishment projects ». Local Environment 14, no 6 (juillet 2009) : 541–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549830902904102.
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Sahay, A. « Environmental policy and corporate environmental behaviour in India : social, economic and legal aspects ». Progress in Industrial Ecology, An International Journal 3, no 6 (2006) : 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/pie.2006.012753.
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Nagy, Gyula. « Environmental Justice and its geographical aspects in Hungary ». Tér és Társadalom 35, no 4 (6 décembre 2021) : 76–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17649/tet.35.4.3373.
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In recent decades, environmental justice has become a defining concept in socio-spatial inequality research, political debates, and activism. Environmental justice research, which is essentially based on theories of social and spatial justice and providesa normative framework for thinking, focuses on the unequal distribution of environmental harms and risks and their social consequences. Environmental justice research aims to explore the economic, social, health, and legal differences that individuals and groups face in their environment as a result of environmental processes, decision making, power relations, and law enforcement practices. This is largely related to the subjective perception of individuals and the perception of injustices by different actors. In the vast majority of environmental justice studies, spatiality provides a framework for interpreting and understanding environmentally unjust situations and processes. Environmental justice is therefore not only a natural, but also a socially dependent phenomenon, in which the key element is nevertheless the non-human factor (e.g. environmental events such as floods), which affects individuals and groups indifferent ways. As a result, an environmentally unjust state and situation may occur. The evolved injustices also interact with inherited spatial inequalities, existing socioeconomic systems, and the institutional structures that originally shape them. This paper summarizes the theoretical framework of environmental justice in geography and spatial sciences. The study adapts the theory of justice to post-socialist and Hungarian specificities and forms of environmental injustice, and examines decision-making processes and the perception of risks. In Hungary social problems and differences have been increasing in recent decades, and marginalisation and polarisation processes have added new spatial patterns to existing inequalities, directly and indirectly affecting environmental processes as well. Attempts at eliminating environmental injustices have resulted in new injustices, or deepened existing ones, due to the lack of a complex socio-environmental spatial approach of interventions. The solution to these injustices presupposes the effective and meaningful involvement of the affected people in policy-making and implementation processes, regardless of gender, age, origin, identity, or income. Otherwise, the unjust situation will persist and crisis areas affected by environmental injustices may develop.
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Stöckert, Alexandra, et Franz X. Bogner. « Environmental Values and Technology Preferences of First-Year University Students ». Sustainability 12, no 1 (19 décembre 2019) : 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010062.
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Environmental and technological preferences correlate. Both are empirically accessible via established instruments such as the Two Major Environmental Value model (2-MEV) with “preservation” (PRE) and “utilization” (UTL), and the technology questionnaire with “interest in technology” (INT) and “social aspects of technology” (SOC). Additionally, “appreciation of nature” (APR) was monitored with a seven-item scale. We used these instruments to assess the preferences of freshmen in five different areas of study (law, economics, science, pedagogy, cultural studies). All subsequent analyses unveiled positive relations between appreciation and preservation, between the two technology subscales, as well as between utilization and social aspects of technology. Negative relationships appeared between preservation and utilization, preservation and both technology factors, as well as appreciation and social aspects of technology. In all subsamples, preservers (individuals with preservation preferences) showed little interest in technology or its social aspects; utilizers scored high in social aspects of technology, whereas appreciators displayed no interest in it. The freshmen’s areas of study seem to predict consistent tendencies to (biocentric) preservation or (anthropocentric) utilization. Moreover, females were more likely to preserve and appreciate nature whereas males preferred utilization along with interest in technology as well as in the social implications of technology. The observed differences can be used to develop new and improve existing educational programs; recommendations are discussed.
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Dewantara, Antonius Mahendra, et Dika Kirana Larasati. « Implementation of Progressive Law in Enforcement of Environmental Law in Indonesia : The Current Problems and Future Challenges ». Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law and Sustainable Development 1, no 2 (31 juillet 2022) : 237–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ijel.v1i2.58044.
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Law enforcement in the environmental sector has a broad dimension, not only related to aspects of material losses, aspects of state administration, but also aspects of criminal law. Enforcement in this sector even faces several challenges and obstacles, one of which concerns the various motives and perpetrators of environmental crimes that continue to grow. This study aims to analyze how progressive law should work and be applied in environmental law enforcement in Indonesia. This study highlighted that one of the ways to realize social justice for all Indonesian people as stated in the fourth paragraph of the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia is to utilize existing natural resources for the welfare of society. Article 3 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia also mandates that the land, water and natural resources contained therein shall be controlled by the state and used as much as possible for the prosperity of the people. This study also confirms that according to many experts, progressive law is pro-justice and pro-people law. This means that in sentencing legal actors are required to prioritize honesty and sincerity in law enforcement. They must have empathy and concern for the suffering experienced by the people. Thus, the interests of the people, in this case welfare, must be the orientation and ultimate goal in administering law.
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Vaerenbergh, Pieter Van. « The EU’s Commitment to Social and Environmental Standards in its Modernised Trade Defence Instruments ». Zeitschrift für europarechtliche Studien 25, no 4 (2022) : 843–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/1435-439x-2022-4-843.
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Since the modernisation of the Basic Regulations in 2017 and 2018, the EU explicitly exerts social and environmental goals through the application of its trade defence instruments. Whereas the Commission portrayed the new rules as a guarantee that high European standards would not disadvantage the European industry in application of trade defence instruments, commentators were quick to question the EU’s true intentions behind the inclusion of social and environmental considerations. This article reviews three major aspects of social and environmental considerations in trade defence practice: the significant distortions methodology, the new calculation of the injury margin and the application of the Union interest test. This article commends the EU’s effort to reconcile the two seemingly opposing goals of trade defence and social and environmental protection, and identifies areas of improvement as well as possibilities to options to further “green” the trade defence instruments.
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Czekała, Wojciech, Filip Tarkowski et Patrycja Pochwatka. « Social Aspects of Energy Production from Renewable Sources ». Problemy Ekorozwoju 16, no 1 (1 janvier 2021) : 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/pe.2021.1.07.
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The increased demand for energy determines the need to search for its next sources. One of them could be renewable energy sources, whose importance is increasing, among others, due to the limited resources of fossil fuels. In addition, renewable energy production has many benefits, mainly environmental and economic. Moreover, the social aspects associated with it cannot be ignored. The aim of this work was to discuss selected social benefits resulting from the production of renewable energy. Among the most important advantages of renewable energy sources is their local aspect, since energy production solves many regional problems, mainly related to its transport. The issue of energy security is also essential. In the case of biofuel production, the possibility of involving waste in energy production is extremely beneficial. The use of renewable energy itself directly affects the improvement of the environment, which in turn has a positive effect on people. Nowadays, sustainable development is one of the most critical challenges of humanity. These activities are closely related to the use of renewable energy sources. It is important to pay attention not only to subjects related to the environmental and economic aspects but also the impact of renewable energy sources on society.
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WOHLENBERG, JANAÍNA, MICHELE HOELTZ, JONES LUÍS SCHAEFER, ELPIDIO OSCAR BENITEZ NARA, GUILHERME BRITTES BENITEZ et ROSANA C. S. SCHNEIDER. « SUSTAINABILITY IN AGRICULTURE : ANALYSING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE FAMILY FARMERS’ ECONOMY ». JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT 17, no 8 (31 août 2022) : 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2022.08.015.
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The impact of agricultural systems on the economy, environment and society should be monitored so that efficient and fair chains can be developed in the context of sustainable development objectives. Sustainability indicators can be used for this purpose and their applicability to regional realities should be assessed. The objective of the present research is to investigate the influence of environmental and social indicators on economic indicators from the perspective of the family farmers that participated in the Agroindustry Arrangement in southern Brazil. The study was based on surveys involving producers and managers of family farms associated with five cooperatives. The responses of 81 family farmers and cooperative managers to 30 indicators were assessed using the ordinary least squares regression. Fourteen of the indicators were economic (the dependent variable), 11 were environmental and five were social (the independent variables). Positive influences on the environmental indicators relating to water (the financial and operational aspects and productivity), air (the financial and operational aspects) and soil (the operational aspects) were identified. The social indicators relating to food health and safety (the financial aspects and productivity) and opportunities (the operational aspects) had a positive impact on the economy. Therefore, we concluded that there is a dependent relationship between the sustainability indicators which shows the importance of the social and environmental dimensions for the family farmers’ economy. Such results indicated that producers from familiar agro-industry are aware of the importance of the environmental and social aspects to achieve success in the economic aspects and they can be important for the definition of new sustainability policies in regions, where agro-industrial production arrangements are relevant to the economy, as in southern Brazil.
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Ciszek, Mariusz. « Teocentryczny model etyki środowiskowej ». Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 4, no 1 (31 décembre 2006) : 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2006.4.1.12.
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The author presents in his article the following problems: the theo-centrical aspect of environmental ethics, the anthropological foundations of eiwironmental ethics in Tomism, problems of protecting the social natural environment in the light of moral theology, natural law in its ecological dimensions, the understand of conscience in this field of study, sins against the environment, ecological aspects of arotology, and the Decalogue for the environment.
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SOARES, Marcelo Negri, et Marisa Gisela CAMPOS. « COMPLIANCE NA REALIZAÇÃO DA FUNÇÃO SOCIAL DA EMPRESA ». Percurso 1, no 28 (28 janvier 2019) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21902/revpercurso.2316-7521.v1i28.3416.
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REMUMOEste artigo tem por escopo apresentar o compliance como parte essencial da realização da função social da empresa, com consequências positivas sócio ambientais e reflexos na minimização de responsabilidades no âmbito do direito empresarial. Nesse objetivo, fazemos incursões históricas, principiológicas e conceituais, em torno da responsabilidade empresarial, para introduzir os aspectos dogmáticos e legais, empós, desenvolver o tema de fundo, ligando o compliance ao ambiente empresarial e os tipos de responsabilização, passando pela proteção contra a corrupção instituída, com vistas à redução de desigualdades sociais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Direito empresarial; Compliance; Responsabilidade. ABSTRACTThis article aims to present compliance as an essential part of achieving the company's social function, with positive socio-environmental consequences and reflexes in minimizing responsibilities in the scope of business law. In this objective, we make historical, conceptual and conceptual incursions around corporate responsibility, to introduce dogmatic and legal aspects, empos, to develop the fundamental theme, linking compliance to the business environment and the types of accountability, and protection against corruption, with a view to reducing social inequalities. KEYWORDS: Business law; Compliance; Responsability
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Adamowicz, Magdalena, et Jakub Puszkarski. « Legal aspects of sustainable development of seaports in Poland ». SHS Web of Conferences 57 (2018) : 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185701001.
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Sea ports are the driving force behind economic development. If ports operate efficiently and in conditions that support growth, the entire national economy gains. However, ports facing barriers and a scarcity of favourable factors have a negative impact on a country’s economy. In terms of sustainable development, it does not suffice to increase the economic potential of ports; it is also necessary to strive for balance between social and environmental interests, so that the sea may provide for everyone, including the future generations. It is important to enable ports to operate in such a way as not to stunt their competitiveness but to allow for development without disrupting the social and economic balance. The aim of this article is to investigate whether the existing legal instruments in the field of sustainable development of ports match the specific profile of ports as entities and whether the assumptions for sustainable development work well in practice. The article contains an analysis and assessment of legal regulations concerning sustainable development of sea ports. Selected legal instruments with direct or indirect impact on the formation of the sustainable development policy for Polish sea ports have been analysed at the global, European and national levels. Reference has been made to regulations related both to hard law and soft law. The article draws special attention to a balance between social, economic and environmental interests as a foundation for sustainable development.
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Tín, Võ Trung. « Assessing Vietnam’s Environmental Laws and Direction for Improvement ». Vietnamese Journal of Legal Sciences 1, no 1 (1 juin 2020) : 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjls-2020-0004.
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AbstractEnvironmental protection has gotten much attention and been prioritized in policy making for economic – social development of countries around the world, including Vietnam. The policies have been gradually institutionalized into law. Environmental Protection Law comes into existence in Vietnam as in other developing countries, which could be affirmed as the latest legal field. Before Environmental Protection Law was issued as an independent legal document by the National Assembly, other environmental regulations in Vietnam covered some aspects of environmental protection to meet management need without targeting the protection of environmental factors. Environment or environment-related regulations have been found in many separate legal documents. In order to meet the growing demand for integration, Vietnam needs to continue to reform environmental regulations. The paper analyzes the Vietnamese environmental regulations and practical implementation, thereby giving some suggestions.
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Kowalska, Izabela Jonek. « Risk management in the hard coal mining industry : Social and environmental aspects of collieries’ liquidation ». Resources Policy 41 (septembre 2014) : 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2014.05.002.
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Matusiak, Matthew C. « Environmental Predictors of Municipal Police Agency Goals ». Police Quarterly 22, no 1 (30 août 2018) : 112–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611118797068.
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Applications of organizational theory to police organizations frequently employ the framework of structural contingency or institutional theories. The current study seeks to evaluate the impact of both technical and institutional environmental aspects of policing on the goals of municipal police agencies. The influence of a combination of environmental contingencies and chiefs’ ratings of institutional sectors is explored to assess which theory better explains chiefs’ emphasis on police agency goals. Relying on ordinary least squares regression models, the impact of two competing theoretical frameworks is assessed. Findings suggest that chiefs’ demographics (control variables) and legitimacy (institutional) factors have a greater impact than technical (structural contingency theory) elements on the goals that chiefs emphasize within their agencies. Potential theoretical advancement employing public sector agencies is also presented.
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Borg, Farhana, et Niklas Gericke. « Local and Global Aspects : Teaching Social Sustainability in Swedish Preschools ». Sustainability 13, no 7 (31 mars 2021) : 3838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073838.
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Although policy documents emphasize the importance of integrating social, economic, and environmental dimensions into education for sustainability (EfS), there is a lack of studies investigating how social sustainability can be included in preschool teaching. Therefore, this study aims to increase knowledge about preschool teachers’ teaching practices relating to social sustainability. This study uses EfS as a conceptual framework that includes a holistic view of sustainability addressing social, economic, and environmental aspects, as well as pluralistic teaching approach from a transformative perspective. To explore the views and teaching practices, individual interviews were conducted with 12 preschool teachers from eight preschools that took part in a school development project. The project included professional development workshops for teachers on EfS and local implementation efforts. Thematic content analysis was conducted. The interviews made it apparent that the teachers initially viewed sustainability from an environmental perspective; however, after involvement in the school development project, they began to integrate the social sustainability dimension into their teaching. The teachers associated local sustainability challenges with those faced internationally. To a certain extent, children’s agency was noted in pluralistic educational activities that supported children’s active participation. The level at which preschool teachers integrated social sustainability into their teaching varied.
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Sokolova, N. A. « The Concept of Sustainable Development and International Environmental Law ». Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)) 1, no 11 (14 février 2022) : 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2021.87.11.225-232.
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The article is devoted to the influence of the concept of sustainable development on international environmental law. This concept, in many ways, sets guidelines for the adoption of its norms and thereby defines the contours of legal environmental regimes. Based on the analysis of international UN documents, starting with the Stockholm Declaration of 1972, then the RIO 92 Declaration, the Johannesburg Declaration of 2002, the Millennium Declaration and the Sustainable Development Goals, the evolution of the concept of sustainable development, the shift in emphasis in its content and the desire for integration between the three dimensions of sustainable development — economic, social and environmental interests — for all states is presented. The article identifies several aspects that determine the importance of the concept of sustainable development for international environmental law: 1) the content of sustainable development in the context of State obligations; 2) the mutual influence of advisory acts and norms of international environmental law on the specification and implementation of the concept of sustainable development; 3) the interaction of various branches of international law in the context of sustainable development.
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Zhavoronkova, N. G., et V. B. Agafonov. « Environmental, Biological, Social Security : An Organizational and Legal Aspect ». Lex Russica, no 7 (23 juillet 2020) : 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2020.164.7.043-049.
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The paper is devoted to the analysis of current trends and prospects of development of legislation of the Russian Federation in the area of environmental, biological and social safety. Based on the results of the study of mechanisms of operation of modern legal systems in the context of increasing exponential threats and risks, the authors carry out the general evaluation of the ability of emergency situations legislation to respond to contemporary challenges. The paper also identifies factors that could have a decisive impact on the formation of new environmental and biological security.The author substantiates that, since any extreme environmental and biological situation is sudden, rapid, and it rapidly transforms from local to global, the emergency legislation should be as specific, clear, logical as possible, consistent with the goals and objectives of prevention of harm to life and health. In this regard, it should be revised primarily from the perspective of notions, variability of consequences, establishment of causality, description of basic solutions and responsibility. It is fundamentally necessary to change the paradigm from the elimination of accidents, disasters, fires and other man-made accidents to the presentation of emergencies as a systemic crisis of management and law. Special acts should clarify the criteria for “danger” and “safety”, taking into account socio-economic and environmental consequences, the competence of the authorities, security provision economy, permissible risks and losses, mechanisms and protocols for the operation of the entire state and public machinery in emergencies.In addition, the law-maker should adopt the legislation regulating the health system, which must have sufficient reserves of capacity and resources for emergencies, the legislation regulating financial reserves for the establishment of special accounts and emergency financing mechanisms, as well as information legislation regulating emergency situations.
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Zimek, Martina, Andreas Schober, Claudia Mair, Rupert J. Baumgartner, Tobias Stern et Manfred Füllsack. « The Third Wave of LCA as the “Decade of Consolidation” ». Sustainability 11, no 12 (14 juin 2019) : 3283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123283.
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Several authors have pointed out the importance of systems thinking, and have considered both environmental and social aspects (holistic perspective) of sustainability assessment in the past. Sustainability assessment tools which integrate different aspects (e.g., environmental/social aspects) in order to identify negative impacts have already been developed. Common tools used to assess environmental, social, or economic impacts include the life cycle assessment (LCA), social life cycle assessment (S-LCA), life cycle costing (LCC) and life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) approaches. The goal of the present study was to investigate how and to what extent the three dimensions of sustainability (environmental, social, economic; holistic sustainability perspective) have been integrated into the field of LCA. A topic modeling method was applied to examine whether the emphasis placed on integrating environmental, social, and economic aspects in sustainability assessment has resulted in a more comprehensive application of the LCA approach. The results show that topics related to energy and infrastructure are currently prevailing, and that topics related to methods have been decreasing since 1997. A minor discussion of social aspects and a lack of discussion on economic aspects were identified in the present study. These results do not support the predicted “decade of life cycle sustainability assessment.” Consequently, a new period of LCA extension and application is predicted, namely, the third wave of LCA as the “decade of consolidation.” During this period, the LCA framework will be enhanced to reduce existing practical and methodological difficulties and integrate environmental and social aspects in a sustainability assessment to support global sustainable development.
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Kovačič Lukman, Rebeka, Vasja Omahne et Damjan Krajnc. « Sustainability Assessment with Integrated Circular Economy Principles : A Toy Case Study ». Sustainability 13, no 7 (31 mars 2021) : 3856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073856.
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When considering the sustainability of production processes, research studies usually emphasise environmental impacts and do not adequately address economic and social impacts. Toy production is no exception when it comes to assessing sustainability. Previous research on toys has focused solely on assessing environmental aspects and neglected social and economic aspects. This paper presents a sustainability assessment of a toy using environmental life cycle assessment, life cycle costing, and social life cycle assessment. We conducted an inventory analysis and sustainability impact assessment of the toy to identify the hotspots of the system. The main environmental impacts are eutrophication, followed by terrestrial eco-toxicity, acidification, and global warming. The life cycle costing approach examined the economic aspect of the proposed design options for toys, while the social assessment of the alternative designs revealed social impacts along the product life cycle. In addition, different options based on the principles of the circular economy were analysed and proposed in terms of substitution of materials and shortening of transport distances for the toy studied.
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Batricevic, Ana, et Nikola Paunovic. « Environmental terrorism - victimological aspects and preventive mechanisms ». Temida 21, no 1 (2018) : 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1801067b.
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Defined extensively as committing ecological criminal offences with the intention to achieve political goals, environmental terrorism is a global threat to environment, human life, safety and health, as well as to the survival of flora and fauna. Environmental terrorism contains the elements of environmental crime and the elements of terrorism, which makes the position of its victims particularly complex. The subject of this paper includes defining environmental terrorism, analysing its phenomenology. Since this form of crime simultaneously harms and endangers environment, material goods, human life, safety and health, flora and fauna, the subject also comprises the study of the specific position of its victims. It is emphasised that longlasting and extensive consequences of ecological criminal offences make it difficult to determine promptly the victims of this form of crime, as well as that its victims are victimised twice: due to terrorist attack and due to negative consequences of ecological criminal offences (such as severe health damage) often emerging after several years. The subject covers the analysis of current international legal mechanisms for the prevention and protection of environmental terrorism victims? rights, including those dealing with terrorism in general as well as those relevant to the protection of environment from negative anthropogenic factors. Finally, the subject contains a critical analysis of legislative framework of the Republic of Serbia pertinent to the prevention and sanctioning of environmental terrorism, with focus on the provisions of current Criminal Code prescribing ecological criminal offences and terrorism. In order to achieve more precise tracking of the scope and dynamics of environmental terrorism and more adequate sanctioning compatible with its social hazard, the authors propose its incrimination as an independent criminal offence against humanity and other values protected by the international law. The purpose of this paper is to define environmental terrorism, analyse its forms and to examine current mechanisms for the prevention of victimisation from environmental terrorism and the protection of its victims? rights on international and national level. Moreover, the authors seek to contribute to the improvement of the quality of tracking and to the efficiency of prevention of victimization from environmental terrorism in Serbia by suggesting its incrimination as an independent criminal offence.
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Liu, Yang. « Tobacco Control Policy Based on Environmental Protection Law ». Tobacco Regulatory Science 7, no 4 (31 juillet 2021) : 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.4.15.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Objectives: Based on the environmental protection law, this paper analyzes our current tobacco control policy and studies the effectiveness of the follow-up policy. Methods: This paper studies the impact of environmental law on tobacco industry and tobacco control from the legislative principles and regulatory subjects of environmental protection law. Grasping the basic connotation of tobacco control policy is the premise of understanding and implementing tobacco control. This paper analyzes tobacco control policy from the perspective of policy network and policy tools. Through the description of Smith policy model, find out the deficiencies in the implementation of tobacco control policy. Results: The smoking population in China tends to be younger, and the control of teenagers' smoking behavior should be more strict. Conduct investigation and management around the school, put forward certain requirements for students' parents, and carry out health education for students. Based on the legislative intention of environmental protection law, we should use policy tools, policy network and policy implementation process theory to supervise and manage the whole process of tobacco control implementation in China from the aspects of tobacco system, policy formulation, policy implementation and policy evaluation.. Conclusion: The government should strengthen the scientificity of tobacco control policy-making and improve its operability and unity. It should improve the implementation system of tobacco control policies and improve the construction of law enforcement subjects. An effective administrative punishment mechanism should be established and the information disclosure system of tobacco control policy should be strengthened. The social members should be guided to participate in and supervise. We should evaluate tobacco control policies and strive to improve the formulation, implementation and evaluation of tobacco control policies.
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Moghaddam, Mahsa Hosseini, et Ali Zare. « Responsibilities of Multinational Corporations on Environmental Issues ». Journal of Politics and Law 10, no 5 (29 novembre 2017) : 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v10n5p78.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Multinational corporations play more roles in social and cultural and political issues in this century. This growing trend in multinational companies, has led the international law, talk about "corporate social responsibility". One of the most important aspects of CSR is environmental issues. The question is that is there enough regulatory basis- at the local or international level- to guaranty responsible behavior of these companies. And in the cases of environmental damages which parts of a company should be responsive and compensate damages. Perhaps the assignment of responsibility in the actions against multinational companies on environmental issues is not too difficult; the reason is that losses are objective and external. Note that in many deserving cases, harm to the environmental rights is a violation of human rights, particularly the third generation of human rights.
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Chiaramonte, Xenia. « The Struggle for Law : Legal strategies, environmental struggles and climate actions in Italy ». Oñati Socio-legal Series 10, no 4 (1 août 2020) : 932–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1153.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The legal field constitutes both an advantageous and restrictive tool for social struggles. Current movements trust law and litigation as beneficial instruments. Nevertheless, legal strategies are deployed against protestors too. This article stems from processes of criminalization and unsuccessful “struggle for law” towards cases where legal strategies are embraced by social movements to demonstrate the Janus-faced nature of the legal field. The focus is on Italy, and is based on two-year judicial ethnography on the No TAV movement and fieldwork as well as documental analysis on the anti-Trans-Adriatic Pipeline (TAP) mobilization. Hence, the analysis focuses on a “positive” case selection, namely the most relevant climate litigation strategies pursued worldwide, with a special focus on “Giudizio Universale”, the first Italian action. The goal is to grasp both the conflicting aspects and the resourceful nature of law through empirical cases and case law to evaluate potential successful practices for current social movements. El campo del derecho constituye una herramienta tanto ventajosa como restrictiva para las luchas sociales. Los movimientos actuales confían en el derecho y el litigio como instrumentos favorables. Sin embargo, las estrategias jurídicas también se despliegan en contra de quienes protestan. Este artículo se origina en procesos de criminalización y "luchas por el derecho" infructuosas en casos en los que movimientos sociales han abrazado estrategias jurídicas para demostrar la naturaleza de Jano bifronte del derecho. El centro de atención es Italia, y nos basamos en la etnografía jurídica de dos años del movimiento en contra del Tren de Alta Velocidad y en trabajo de campo, así como en análisis documentales de la movilización contra el Gasoducto Trans-Adriático (TAP, en inglés). Por tanto, el análisis se centra en una selección de casos "positiva", con especial atención en "Giudizio UNiversale", la primera acción en Italia. El objetivo es entender tanto los aspectos en conflicto y los múltiples recursos del derecho a través de casos empíricos y jurisprudencia, a fin de evaluar prácticas de posible éxito para movimientos sociales en vigor.
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Ortega-Gaucin, David, et Israel Velasco. « Aspectos Socioeconómicos y ambientales de las Sequías en México ». Aqua-LAC 5, no 2 (30 septembre 2013) : 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29104/phi-aqualac/2013-v5-2-08.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La sequía es un fenómeno natural impredecible que tiende a extenderse de manera irregular a través del tiempo y del espacio, y sus efectos son, con frecuencia, desastrosos. En este trabajo se presentan los principales aspectos socioeconómicos y ambientales relacionados con las sequías y sus impactos en México. Se incluye en principio un apartado en el que se analiza el concepto de sequía y los tipos de sequía identificados en la literatura especializada, así como los principales impactos genéricos de las sequías en los sectores económico, social y ambiental. Luego se presenta una narrativa sobre los impactos de las sequías en México, desde la época prehispánica hasta la actualidad. Finalmente, se incluye un apartado dedicado a analizar la vulnerabilidad actual ante la sequía en México. Se concluye que las sequías ocurridas en el pasado en este país han afectado principalmente al sector agropecuario y a la población rural, y han tenido un carácter altamente social; asimismo, en la actualidad la población y los diversos sectores socioeconómicos de ciertas áreas del país (sobre todo en el norte y centro), siguen siendo muy vulnerables ante los embates del fenómeno.
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Leksono, Eko Budi, Suparno Suparno et Iwan Vanany. « Integration of a Balanced Scorecard, DEMATEL, and ANP for Measuring the Performance of a Sustainable Healthcare Supply Chain ». Sustainability 11, no 13 (2 juillet 2019) : 3626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133626.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The main purpose of this study is to develop a sustainable healthcare supply chain performance measurement (SHSCPM) model, which simultaneously considers intangible characteristics and sustainability aspects to ensure customer and/or stakeholder satisfaction. This model combines a balanced scorecard (BSC) with a decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and analytical network process (ANP). After the arrangement and classification of perspectives and indicators from a literature review, the strategy map of the BSC is designed with DEMATEL. Furthermore, this study used a survey with in-depth interviews of seven expert respondents to make a pair-wise comparison between perspectives and indicators in order to determine the weights of indicators, perspectives, and sustainability aspects on ANP. The study finds the following. First, the innovation and learning perspective that reflects intangible assets has the most influence on the others but is not important, while the customer perspective has the most importance for SHSC performance. Second, the economic aspect has the greatest weight, followed by social and environmental aspects. Finally, indicators of the financial and customer perspectives as drivers of SHSC performance consist of profit, quality of service, revenue, customer satisfaction, and stakeholder satisfaction. Further, indicators of the economic aspect of sustainability have the most effect on SHSC performance, followed by social and environmental aspects. Furthermore, human resources, as an intangible asset and key factor in social aspects, are main factor in improving SHSC performance.
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Ling, Pick-Soon, Ming K. Lim et Ming-Lang Tseng. « Assessing Sustainable Foreign Direct Investment Performance in Malaysia : A Comparison on Policy Makers and Investor Perceptions ». Sustainability 12, no 20 (21 octobre 2020) : 8749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208749.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Sustainable foreign direct investment (SFDI) contributes to the development of the economic, environmental, and social aspects in rational governance practices in Malaysia. Prior studies lack the integration and synthesis of the SFDI attributes from the policymakers and foreign investors’ perceptions. These attributes are measured through the qualitative information and subjective perceptions and need to transform into comparable values. The fuzzy Delphi method is applied to identify the valid set of SFDI attributes and confirms the validity and reliability of these attributes. Moreover, prior studies have not examined the importance and performance of those valid attributes in qualitative information. The fuzzy importance and performance analysis is proposed to assess the attributes’ importance and performance level. The results show that financial, macroeconomic, and institutional policy aspects are among the most important SFDI attributes, together with environmental and social aspects. This study identifies the discrepancies between policymakers and foreign investors and suggests that the financial aspect is the priority of foreign investors that needs to be concentrated for improvements; meanwhile, the institutional and policies and social aspects in performance level are presented as a big contradistinction. The theoretical and policy implications are discussed.
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Rogers, Shannon, Kevin Gardner et Cynthia Carlson. « Social Capital and Walkability as Social Aspects of Sustainability ». Sustainability 5, no 8 (13 août 2013) : 3473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su5083473.
Texte intégral
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Timmer, Alexandra, Moritz Baumgärtel, Louis Kotzé et Lieneke Slingenberg. « The potential and pitfalls of the vulnerability concept for human rights ». Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 39, no 3 (septembre 2021) : 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09240519211048009.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the past decade or so, vulnerability has become a fairly prominent concept in human rights law. It has evolved from being an underlying notion to an explicit concept. This column takes stock of vulnerability's relationship to, and possible influence on human rights law, assessing the concept's potential and pitfalls. It focuses on the not altogether unrelated issues of migrants’ social rights and on the role of human rights in environmental protection. The discussion commences with a reflection on the potential of vulnerability to re-interrogate those aspects of the human rights paradigm that relate to environmental protection. The next section focuses on the potential of vulnerability to enhance migrants’ social rights within human rights law. Subsequently, it focuses on the pitfalls and the difficulties of the vulnerability concept. It concludes by offering an outlook for the future of the concept.
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Yunusov, Abduljabar, Muslim Yunusov et Michael Olenev. « Professional culture forming process by penal system students (pedagogical, psychological and environmental aspects) ». E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021) : 12019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124412019.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The penitentiary system puts forward special requirements for students and to the level of their professional culture. The specificity of penal system imposes the fulfillment of certain specific tasks on cadets. It determines the main directions of formation of a students’ professional culture. The current state and development of penitentiary system of Russian Federation dictates the need for future specialists to master a complex of certain knowledge, skills and abilities that allow them to effectively fulfill office tasks. The peculiarity of conditions of activity of penal system employees is also associated with the fact that they constantly have to deal with persons associated with criminal activity. In the process of penal system employees training, emphasis is placed on the development of professional, spiritual, moral and cultural values. The key condition for achieving law and order in society and institutions of penitentiary system and reducing social tension is the organization of process of forming the professional culture of students in the penitentiary sphere.
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Moriak-Protopopova, Khrystyna. « CHRISTIAN VALUES AS BASIC VALUES OF 1743 CODE (SELECTED ASPECTS) ». Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Law 73, no 73 (30 novembre 2021) : 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vla.2021.73.044.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article presents justifications that law and religion are social regulators which aim is to create rules of human behavior in a socially heterogeneous society. Their functions are, to some extent, similar and, consequently, mutual influence of law on religion and religion on law is inevitable (however, it is felt less and less in Europe in 21st century). In the middle of the 18th century the influence of religion on law was especially noticeable and, as a result, Christian values became the basis of normative acts. Thus, we have tried to identify some Christian values implemented as a basis for 1743 Code, the most perfect and general law codification of Hetmanate. Detailed studying of the legal document under analysis allowed us to conclude that provisions of canon law with Christian values in it were included into the 1743 Code not by accident. The combination of two states in the Hetmanate, Cossack-noble and clerical, could have led to the fact that secular commission members’ views were formed under a significant influence of Christianity, whereas church representatives’ views were less conservative. Most of them were knowledgeable at current state and canonical law. Thus, there is the evidence of direct influence of Christianity on the Hetmanate right (in spite no references to the sources of canon law in 1743 Code). The composition of the committee and Cossacks’ worldviews indicate preservation of traditional inclination of contemporary law to strengthen Christianity (Orthodox rite) as a dominant religion in the state. It has been proved that, taking into consideration historical period, composition of the committee and traditional contemporary ideas, values mentioned in the article were Christian ones for Cossacks officers and clergy of the Hetmanate (including authors of the Code). It has been revealed that 1743 Code equally protected the oldest Christian values contained in Moses Pentateuch as well as their additions and modifications whose source was the New Testament. It has been noted that medieval cruelty and intolerance confronted New Age humanism in the Code. The topic under study needs both further investigation and comprehension of the Christian legal tradition in general. Its further exploration will allow to characterize and understand the whole complex of possible impacts of Christianity on law, namely law of the Hetmanate.
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Rosyadi, I., M. R. Habibi et N. Syam. « Implementation of criminal law enforcement concept of environmental sustainability (illegal logging in Indonesia) ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 894, no 1 (1 novembre 2021) : 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/894/1/012002.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Everyone in Indonesia has the right to a good and healthy environment as a form of human rights. Every generation has obligations and responsibilities in preserving the background to ensure the welfare and quality of life between ages. Sustainable development is an effort to guarantee these rights by managing natural resources wisely and rationally and simultaneously considering economic, social, and environmental aspects. Currently, humans tend to be greedy for existing natural resources to get the maximum benefit. Illegal logging is an activity to place forest resources on a large scale without paying attention to the needs of future generations. Efforts made by the government to enforce sanctions against perpetrators of illegal logging activities are the enactment of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management and Law Number 18 of 2013 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction.
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Azimi, Ahmad Nadim, Sébastien M. R. Dente et Seiji Hashimoto. « Analyzing Waste Management System Alternatives for Kabul City, Afghanistan : Considering Social, Environmental, and Economic Aspects ». Sustainability 12, no 23 (25 novembre 2020) : 9872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239872.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Our earlier work identified social issues of stakeholders who are highly exposed to poor social performance in the current waste management system (WMS) of Kabul city, Afghanistan. The present work builds on earlier findings to elaborate four alternative scenarios with better social outcomes. For each scenario of the current system, greenhouse gas (GHG) and economic assessments were conducted. Results show that Scenario 2, considering increase waste collection coverage, recycling, unsanitary landfilling, and integration of informal workers, was found as the best alternative. Scenario 3, which added a source-separated system to Scenario 2, was the second-best alternative. These two scenarios address social issues and can reduce GHG emissions, save costs, and provide more jobs than the current system. In contrast, the absence of recycling in Scenario 1, and the conversion of unsanitary landfill into sanitary landfill in scenario 4 result in higher costs and GHG emissions, even though they deal with social issues and generate higher jobs to the existing waste management practice.
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Ndjetcheu, Louis. « Social Responsibility and Legal Financial Communication in African Companies in the South of the Sahara ». International Journal of Innovation in the Digital Economy 4, no 4 (octobre 2013) : 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijide.2013100101.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In an environment marked by growing claims regarding corporate social responsibility (CSR), debates on governance show the need for taking into account all the legitimate involved parties of the company within the framework of the legal or voluntary financial communication (Dowling and Pfeffer, 1975; Lind B lom, 1994; Gray et al.., 1995). If the accounting regulation, the laws and the rules in western countries require the consideration of the environmental aspects in the accounts and the annual reports of companies (Law NRE, Art 116, 2001), paradoxically in Africa, the OHADA accounting law remains silent on the problems of management generated by this CSR. Is this disinterest for the CSR justified for the OHADA accounting law? Does it mean that the CSR is excluded from African companies? Does it mean that in the OHADA zone the companies are in advance compared to the accounting legislation? In other words, is the OHADA accounting law still relevant to play its role of macroeconomic regulator? This paper examines the evaluations of the social and environmental impacts of the activities of companies and their integration in final accounts for a reliable, true financial communication and reflecting a true and fair view in the OHADA zone.
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Waas, Richard Marsilio, et Welly Angela Riry. « Protection And Utilization Of Protected Forests In Ambon City Environmental Law Prespective ». Balobe Law Journal 2, no 2 (25 octobre 2022) : 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/balobe.v2i2.1105.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Introduction: Protected Forest is a forest area that has a variety of vital ecosystem services for the welfare and resilience of society and the economy in the future. Excessive use of forests by humans without regard to the ecological balance can cause havoc for humans themselves, and require economic and social costs that are far greater than the economic results that have been obtained. Often people who live and make a living around the forest are accused of being one of the causes of forest destruction, but also the people who live around the forest are also expected to be the main actors for efforts to protect the forest itself.Purposes of the Research: to understand the protection and utilization of protected forests in Ambon City and to determine the form of policy by the Ambon City Government in protecting and utilizing protected forests in Ambon City from the perspective of Environmental Law.Methods of the Research: The research method uses the Social Legal Research method with a legal, conceptual, and case approach.Results / Findings / Novelty of the Research: The protection and utilization of protected forests in Ambon city has not explicitly been regulated in the form of regional regulations on protected forests. The use of protected forests is still carried out by indigenous peoples and forest rights holders. This shows that the policy regarding the protection and utilization of protected forest areas has not been maximized in the city of Ambon, which will greatly impact all aspects of human life and other habitats.
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Gehring, Markus, Sean Stephenson et Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger. « Sustainability Impact Assessments as Inputs and as Interpretative Aids in International Investment Law ». Journal of World Investment & ; Trade 18, no 1 (24 janvier 2017) : 163–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340034.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Sustainability impact assessments (SIAs) act as bridges between trade and investment agreements and social, environmental and human considerations. They are relevant as inputs into the treaty negotiation process and as interpretive aids in investment treaty arbitration. As inputs, SIAs attempt to measure the impact of environmental, social, economic and human rights aspects of trade and investment agreements prior to and during a treaty’s negotiation. SIAs have been performed on all major negotiations in the EU since 1999, and will continue to be performed under its investment competence. Case studies in this article demonstrate how SIAs may include climate change. Additionally, legal recommendations are offered which, if adopted by the Directorate General for Trade, should increase the effectiveness of SIAs. As interpretive aids, SIAs may be key references in treaty interpretation arguments in light of increased environment and development related investment disputes and focus on sustainable development policy space.
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Rumanko, Boris, Jana Kozáková, Mária Urbánová et Monika Hudáková. « Family Business as a Bearer of Social Sustainability in Multinationals-Case of Slovakia ». Sustainability 13, no 14 (12 juillet 2021) : 7747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147747.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Social sustainability is slowly becoming a more important aspect of a company’s management, particularly in the case of multinational companies with an international network of subsidiaries placed in diverse cultural and social environments. The concept of social sustainability is strongly connected with a considerable number of stakeholders, compared to the environmental and economic aspects of sustainability. The nature of activities under the social pillar of corporate responsibility connects social sustainability with family business, which aims at the principles of social solidarity, equality and ethics. This article uniquely analyzes selected aspects of social sustainability on a sample of 201 Slovak subsidiaries of foreign multinationals and finds differences between family and nonfamily ones. Surprisingly, the conducted research proved that the examined family businesses cannot be considered as bearers of social sustainability in Slovakia, since, in many aspects, the nonfamily businesses implemented the monitored aspects in larger measures, and there were only two factors that turned out to be significant, according to the type of business ownership. Equal opportunities in the workplace were the only variable, due to which significant differences were seen, according to the factor of a family business and the factor of employees’ gender simultaneously, which makes it a crucial variable. The conducted study fills the gap in explanation of interconnections between social sustainability, family business and equal gender opportunities, which makes it unique not just in Slovak conditions.
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Jović, Marija, Edvard Tijan, Dražen Žgaljić et Saša Aksentijević. « Improving Maritime Transport Sustainability Using Blockchain-Based Information Exchange ». Sustainability 12, no 21 (26 octobre 2020) : 8866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218866.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this paper, the authors perform a comprehensive literature review of the positive impacts of blockchain-based information exchange in the maritime transport sector, as well as the challenges and barriers for successful blockchain-based information exchange, considering all three aspects of the sustainability (economic, environmental, and social). The papers from relevant databases (Web of Science and Scopus) and selected studies have been used. The literature coverage was expanded by using backward snowball sampling. In total, 20 positive impacts and 20 challenges/barriers were singled out. Despite the identified barriers and challenges (such as the slow acceptance of blockchain technology in the maritime transport sector or the high implementation cost), blockchain technology possesses a definite potential to improve the information exchange between all involved stakeholders (for example, by improving the visibility across transport routes and by reducing the paper-based processes), positively affecting all three aspects of sustainability. The authors contribute to the existing research of the economic aspect of maritime transport sustainability by blockchain-based information exchange by expanding it and by researching the environmental and social aspects of sustainability.
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Trost, Marco, Thorsten Claus et Frank Herrmann. « Social Sustainability in Production Planning : A Systematic Literature Review ». Sustainability 14, no 13 (5 juillet 2022) : 8198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14138198.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Sustainable production includes economic, environmental, and social aspects. However, social sustainability has received less attention, especially compared to the economic aspects. Next to technical and organizational measures, social improvements within supply chains can also be achieved through suitable production planning. Within production planning, production programs are determined, and the assignment of available resources (e.g., employees) is specified. Thus, the utilization and workload of employees are defined. This systematic literature review investigates to what extent such employee-related social aspects are reflected in production planning and discusses whether economic aspects dominate them. For this, a Scopus database search was carried out and 76 identified approaches were analyzed and categorized regarding the occurring employee-related social aspects and their implementation. Thus far, the approaches mainly consider single aspects on single planning levels. A consideration of a broad set of aspects along the entire production planning has rarely been studied. In particular, health and safety aspects are considered on the levels of assembly line balancing and job rotation. However, their impact is primarily determined by the specific settings of the decision-maker. To support decision-makers, only a few studies have investigated the effects based on real application scenarios. Further potential might be an extended modeling of social and economic interdependencies and a consideration of employee-related social aspects in medium- to long-term production planning.
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Maharajh, Hari D., et Petal S. Abdool. « Cultural Aspects of Suicide ». Scientific World JOURNAL 5 (2005) : 736–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2005.88.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Undefined cultural factors cannot be dismissed and significantly contribute to the worldwide incidence of death by suicide. Culture is an all embracing term and defines the relationship of an individual to his environment. This study seeks to investigate the effect of culture on suicide both regionally and internationally. Culture-bound syndrome with suicidal behaviours specific to a particular culture or geographical region are discussed. Opinions are divided as to the status of religious martyrs. The law itself is silent on many aspects of suicidal behaviour and despite decriminalization of suicide as self-murder, the latter remains on the statutes of many developing countries. The Caribbean region is of concern due to its steady rise in mean suicide rate, especially in Trinidad and Tobago where socio-cultural factors are instrumental in influencing suicidal behaviour. These include transgenerational cultural conflicts, psycho-social problems, media exposure, unemployment, social distress, religion and family structure. The methods used are attributed to accessibility and lethality. Ingestion of poisonous substances is most popular followed by hanging. The gender differences seen with regard to suicidality can also be attributed to gender related psychopathology and psychosocial differences in help-seeking behaviour. These are influenced by the cultural environment to which the individual is exposed. Culture provides coping strategies to individuals; as civilization advances many of these coping mechanisms are lost unclothing the genetic predisposition of vulnerable groups. In the management of suicidal behaviour, a system of therapeutic re-culturation is needed with an emphasis on relevant culture- based therapies.
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Bolotina, Ye, O. Shubna, A. Кvasha et V. Melchenko. « Political Aspects of Public Administration in the Public Sector of Ukraine ». Economic Herald of the Donbas, no 4 (66) (2021) : 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2021-4(66)-68-74.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article reveals the basic theoretical principles of public administration. The stages of formation and development of public administration are studied. It was found that public administration, as a system of public administration in Ukraine, needs to be reformed in a market economy and democratization of society. The main problems of formation and development of the system of public administration in terms of compliance with the European political trend of integration of public and personal factors, expanding the sphere of state influence while maximizing rights and freedoms, absolutization of the administrative factor of social transformations are considered. It is established that public administration: provides implements the decisions of the authorities; applies democratic, public, liberal forms and methods of managing the social, social and economic development of the country. The main factors that influenced the emergence in many countries of the world of such a new form of government in the public sector as public administration. Based on the understanding of the peculiarities of the evolution of the management model in the public sector, the need to introduce the concept of "public administration" into scientific circulation is substantiated. Recommendations for decentralization of management in the context of domestic reforms to increase the efficiency of the system of public authorities on an innovative basis are offered. In this context, it is extremely important to implement initiatives on constitutional changes in the decentralization of power, the priorities of the Public Administration Reform Strategy of Ukraine for 2016-2020; development of a new version of the Law of Ukraine "On Civil Service", which regulates the basic principles, legal and organizational principles of public service.
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Prakasa, Satria Unggul Wicaksana. « ECOCIDE CRIMES & ; OMNIBUS LAW : REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON INDONESIA LAW ». Jurnal Dinamika HAM (Journal of Human Rights) 12, no 2 (29 janvier 2021) : 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/jdh.v12i2.2898.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract: Omnibus Law which seeks to simplify 79 laws and 1288 articles. The Omnibus Law, a number of articles has the potential to remove the protection of rights, obsess over the human rights of citizens, particularly in relation to civil and political, economic, social and cultural rights, and with regard to law enforcement for environmental destroyers who are weak. The research used socio-legal research methods. The results of the study are the limitations in prosecuting perpetrators of ecoside crimes only in war crimes, making it difficult to hold responsibility for crimes committed, both against individuals and multinational/transnational corporations. Omnibus Law has enormous potential to perpetuate the practice of ecocide crime systematically both in the political, legal, and socio-economic, cultural aspects. Thus, there is no reason to strengthen that the Omnibus Law is in fact favoring environmental destruction, and perpetuating the practice of impunity for perpetrators of environmental damage crimes.
Keywords: Ecoside Crimes, Law Enforcement, Omnibus Law
Abstrak: RUU Omnibus Law Cipta Kerja yang berupaya menyederhanakan 79 UU dan 1.288 Pasal. RUU Omnibus Law Cipta Kerja, sejumlah pasal berpotensi menghapus perlindungan hak, merepsesi HAM warga negara, khususnya terkait dengan hak-hak sipil dan politik dan ekonomi, sosial dan budaya. Serta berkenaan dengan penegakkan hukum bagi perusak lingkungan yang lemah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah menggunakan metode penelitian sosio-legal. Hasil penelitian adalah Keterbatasan dalam penuntutan pelaku kejahatan ekosida hanya pada kejahatan perang membuat sulitnya meminta pertanggungjawaban atas kejahatan yang dilakukan, baik terhadap individu maupun korporasi multinasional/transnasional. RUU Omnibus Law Cipta Kerja menjadi potensi yang sangat besar untuk melanggengkan praktik kejahatan ekosida yang secara sistematis baik dalam aspek politik hukum, maupun sosial ekonomi, kebudayaan. Sehingga, tidak ada alasan yang menguatkan bahwa RUU Omnibus Law Cipta Kerja ini justru memihak pada pengrusakan lingkungan, serta melanggengkan praktik impunitas bagi pelaku kejahatan kerusakan lingkungan.
Kata kunci: Kejahatan Ekosida, Penegakkan Hukum, RUU Omnibus Law
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ZHENG, Xiaojing, Wenhui MA, Cuiping SUN et Jiaqi WANG. « Social Complex Adaptive System : From Introduction to Several Scientific Conjectures ». Do Business and Trade Facilitation Journal 1, no 1 (30 juin 2021) : 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.6914/dbtf.0101.004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Social system is full of complexity, of stochastic dynamic, of criticality, of random diversity and of irrationality, which makes corresponding results hardly to be discovered. In this paper, we focus on drawing a conclusion of the invariant distribution of collective irrational behavior and the characteristics of critical phase transition in the process of system emergence due to the interaction between individuals. We also care about, if several order parameters of the system or environment changes, how the law of the collective behavior state and evolution state would change. Based on our analysis, seven preset conclusions in the aspects of local structure, individual properties and behavior, interaction rules, and environmental changes in complex adaptive systems are proposed.
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Sunaryo, Sunaryo. « CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) DALAM PERSPEKTIF PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN ». Masalah-Masalah Hukum 44, no 1 (15 janvier 2015) : 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mmh.44.1.2015.26-33.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) which has regulated under the law requires company to have CSR programs which oriented to sustainable development. The obligation to implement the CSR has arranged in a variety of laws and regulations, both in the Constitution and in other sectoral legislation, such as about the company and the environment. Therefore, companies that want to corporate sustainability, in making CSR programs in addition have to pay attention to the socioeconomi aspects, should also pay attention to environmental aspects. In otherwords, CSR programs need to be aligned with the of development as mandated bythe Constitution.Diwajibkannya Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR oleh undang-undang, menuntut perusahaan untuk memiliki program-program CSR yang berorientasi pada pembangunan berkelanjutan. Kewajiban melaksanakan CSR tersebut diatur dalam berbagai peraturan perundangan, baik dalam UUD 1945 maupun dalam undang-undang sektoral lainnya, seperti tentang perusahaan maupun tentang lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, perusahaan yang ingin mencapai usahanya berkelanjutan, maka di dalammembuat program CSR di samping harus memperhatikan aspek sosial ekonomi, juga harus memperhatikan aspek lingkungan. Dengan kata lain, program-program CSR perlu diselaraskan dengan prinsip-prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan sebagaimana yang diamanatkan dalam UUD 1945.