Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Environmental law – Social aspects »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Environmental law – Social aspects"
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Rimsyahtono, Rimsyahtono, Nandang Sambas, Ratna Januarita, and Neni Sri Imaniyati. "Social Justice Manifestation Based on Islamic Law Principle in The Corporate Penal Sanction of Environment." JURNAL HUKUM ISLAM 19, no. 2 (2021): 253–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.28918/jhi.v19i2.4958.
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Corporate punishment in the environmental aspect has not led to social justice based on Islamic law principles because of the lack of attention to the community as victims who suffer losses due to environmental pollution, which should be a life support. This study aimed to realize that social justice based on Islamic law principles incorporates punishment in environmental aspects for the future. This type of research uses a normative legal typology to approach the principles, systematics, and level of legal synchronization of legislation based on Islamic Law and Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. Secondary data obtained through library studies were analyzed descriptively. The results show that the nature of corporate punishment in environmental aspects in Islamic Law aims to prevent corporations from repeating their actions, prevent other corporations from participating in environmental pollution, and foster corporations that have polluted the environment. Furthermore, the embodiment of social justice based on Islamic law principles incorporate punishment in the environmental aspect must contain the values of corporate culture and community development. Social justice is in line with the principle of the benefit of the people in Islamic Law, where each punishment contains aspects of paying attention to victims of crime.
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Aliu, Agni, Suzana Aliu, Merime Mustafi, and Zibide Kamberi. "Environmental pollution in the river Koselska, law, economic and social aspects." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 19 (2011): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.05.155.
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Mata-Lima, Herlander. "Hydrologic design that incorporates environmental, quality, and social aspects." Environmental Quality Management 15, no. 3 (2006): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tqem.20092.
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Lihter, Pavel L. "Planned obsolescence: legal aspects of counteraction." Pravovedenie 62, no. 3 (2018): 518–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2018.306.
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Modern society faces new challenges due to the development of technology, economy, level of consumption. The article deals with the legal aspects of counteraction to the strategy of unscrupulous manufacturers for deliberate programming of technical defects of the goods, leading to the need to replace it immediately at the end of the warranty period. This strategy has significant implications for public health, social and environmental security. The objectives of the work are studying the actual problems of planned obsolescence of products, the search for its essence, principles and features. The author identifies legislative and law enforcement practice formed by the European Union and different countries in this area. The analysis of law in other countries allows to state the tendency of shift of emphasis from private law methods of protection of consumer and social rights to public law methods, to wider use of a number of coercive instruments. Rethinking the balance of private, public and public interests led to the author’s proposal to develop a holistic concept of legal regulation of civil law relations. As a result of the article, the directions for improving various branches of law in order to counteract the planned obsolescence of goods are proposed.
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Charlier, Roger H., and Constance C. Charlier. "Environmental, Economic, and Social Aspects of Marine Aggregates' Exploitation." Environmental Conservation 19, no. 1 (1992): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900030228.
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The progressive depletion of land sources of construction materials poses increasingly acute supply problems to the building industry. Stricter rules than currently exist in relation to environmental concerns and their effective enforcement, while undoubtedly laudable, would exacerbate the situation and preclude opening, in many instances, new land-quarries. The search for alternative sources led naturally to exploitation of marine deposits. Beaches and near-shore areas have long been tapped for relatively small amounts of sand and gravel, but the new, greatly-increased demands for these materials poses a serious threat to many shores. Tourism and mining, unavoidably, have come into conflict. Beach protection, and, with increasing frequency, ‘renourishment’, is antipodal to granulates' mining. Offshore dredging has in some cases triggered accelerated beach erosion. The general rise of sea-level, and the consequences of exceptional-strength storms, have worsened erosion and greatly disturbed — occasionally irreversibly — the local sedimentary budget and transit. Technological progress, and more and more sophisticated equipment, permit greater efficiency in, and greater depth of, dredging operations.Besides their use for construction materials, the search for minerals in the marine domain also affects sands and gravels: placers and ores are available here, and mining in the coastal zone is no longer a marginal undertaking. Exploitation of ‘granulates’ ranks today as the second most important marine mining activity after oil extraction. Hence it is a top-priority topic for Quaternary economic geologists and environment specialists alike, while public awareness has henceforth to be reckoned with. Communication and information techniques must consequently be designed and vigorously propagated.
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Shekhovtsova, Victoria, Olena Guzenko, Oksana Soldatenko, Valeriiy Vorotin, Zoriana Buryk, and Oleg Diegtiar. "Norms of International and Financial Law: General Features and Problems in the Context of Sustainable Development (Aspects of Public Administration)." PROOF 2 (May 10, 2022): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232020.2022.2.16.
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The rules of financial law in connection with the worldwide spread of sustainable development concept apply to the social and environmental aspects of the operation of companies. EU legislation provides for accountability of organizations for the management of social and environmental challenges. This study aims to highlight the common features and issues of financial law at the international and national levels on the example of companies with international investment. Results of the research. The study highlights how companies with international investment in Ukraine ensure compliance with financial law and how this practice generally affects business strategy, business model, social behavior, and environmental protection. The common features of the norms of international and financial law within the EU are determined due to the adaptation and policy of integration of the norms into the national legal framework. Member States have adapted the new provisions of Directive 2014/95/EU, companies make public social and environmental operations following the new requirements. The implementation of financial law standards provides the company with several advantages. CSR reporting may not be in line with the actual business focus on environmental sustainability, as it stems from the voluntary nature of this type of reporting, which is contained not only in the law of Directive 2014/95/EU but also in the reporting of Italian, Spanish, Ukrainian companies. Sustainability reports do not guarantee effective management practices for the company's environmental and environmental issues. The theoretical value of this study lies in complementing the concept of social responsibility: the concept of social responsibility applies to reporting to investors, not society, helping to create business value and increase investment opportunities and maintain profitability.
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Kentel, Elçin, and Emre Alp. "Hydropower in Turkey: Economical, social and environmental aspects and legal challenges." Environmental Science & Policy 31 (August 2013): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2013.02.008.
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Stenberg, Jenny, Liane Thuvander, and Paula Femenías. "Linking social and environmental aspects: a multidimensional evaluation of refurbishment projects." Local Environment 14, no. 6 (2009): 541–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549830902904102.
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Sahay, A. "Environmental policy and corporate environmental behaviour in India: social, economic and legal aspects." Progress in Industrial Ecology, An International Journal 3, no. 6 (2006): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/pie.2006.012753.
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Nagy, Gyula. "Environmental Justice and its geographical aspects in Hungary." Tér és Társadalom 35, no. 4 (2021): 76–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17649/tet.35.4.3373.
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In recent decades, environmental justice has become a defining concept in socio-spatial inequality research, political debates, and activism. Environmental justice research, which is essentially based on theories of social and spatial justice and providesa normative framework for thinking, focuses on the unequal distribution of environmental harms and risks and their social consequences. Environmental justice research aims to explore the economic, social, health, and legal differences that individuals and groups face in their environment as a result of environmental processes, decision making, power relations, and law enforcement practices. This is largely related to the subjective perception of individuals and the perception of injustices by different actors. In the vast majority of environmental justice studies, spatiality provides a framework for interpreting and understanding environmentally unjust situations and processes. Environmental justice is therefore not only a natural, but also a socially dependent phenomenon, in which the key element is nevertheless the non-human factor (e.g. environmental events such as floods), which affects individuals and groups indifferent ways. As a result, an environmentally unjust state and situation may occur. The evolved injustices also interact with inherited spatial inequalities, existing socioeconomic systems, and the institutional structures that originally shape them. This paper summarizes the theoretical framework of environmental justice in geography and spatial sciences. The study adapts the theory of justice to post-socialist and Hungarian specificities and forms of environmental injustice, and examines decision-making processes and the perception of risks. In Hungary social problems and differences have been increasing in recent decades, and marginalisation and polarisation processes have added new spatial patterns to existing inequalities, directly and indirectly affecting environmental processes as well. Attempts at eliminating environmental injustices have resulted in new injustices, or deepened existing ones, due to the lack of a complex socio-environmental spatial approach of interventions. The solution to these injustices presupposes the effective and meaningful involvement of the affected people in policy-making and implementation processes, regardless of gender, age, origin, identity, or income. Otherwise, the unjust situation will persist and crisis areas affected by environmental injustices may develop.
Thèses sur le sujet "Environmental law – Social aspects"
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Cichelero, César Augusto. "Eticidade democrática: a liberdade social no consumo para o enfrentamento da crise ambiental e a proteção do direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2018. https://repositorio.ucs.br/11338/4152.
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Este trabalho tem como primeiro objetivo buscar uma conexão entre a ideia de consumocentrismo, a crise ambiental e o direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado. Pretende-se expor as amplas consequências socioambientais fruto de uma sociedade consumocentrista, com a ideia de que existe uma crise ambiental que limita o direito de todos ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado. Em um segundo momento, a presente dissertação pretende relacionar esse cenário do consumo atual com a obra O Direito da Liberdade de Axel Honneth. A escolha desta obra conduz a uma posição interdisciplinar que busca, em última instância, ir além da compreensão jurídica. Para tanto, a método adotado foi o dialético com o procedimento de revisão bibliográfica. Analisa-se os três conceitos de liberdade da teoria de Honneth em momentos específicos, em cada elemento a ideia é vislumbrar como a práxis do consumo ocorre sob cada um dos conceitos em suas respectivas instituições. A questão que se almeja responder é como a concepção de liberdade social pode transformar o consumo. O propósito final, portanto, será vislumbrar, ainda que à distância, as implicações e possibilidades de uma esfera de eticidade nas relações de consumo tendo em vista a crise ambiental e o dever de defender e preservar o meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado.<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES<br>This work aims to find a connection between the idea of consumerism, the environmental crisis and the right to the ecologically balanced environment. It is intended to expose the broad socioenvironmental consequences of a consumer-centric society, with the idea that there is an environmental crisis that limits everyone’s right to an ecologically balanced environment. In a second moment, the present dissertation intends to relate this current consumption scenario with the Axel Honneth’s book Freedom’s Right. The choice of this work leads to an interdisciplinary position that seeks, ultimately, to go beyond legal understanding. For this, it was used the dialectic method with a bibliographic review procedure. It will be analyzed the three concepts of freedom in Honneth's theory at specific moments, in each element the idea is to glimpse how the praxis of consumption occurs under each of the concepts in their respective institutions. The question that is intended to answer is how the conception of social freedom can transform consumption. The ultimate purpose, therefore, will be to glimpse, even if at a distance, the implications and possibilities of a sphere of ethics in consumer relations in view of the environmental crisis and the duty to defend and preserve the ecologically balanced environment.
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Zhang, Junru. "Determinants of corporate environmental and social disclosure in Chinese listed mining, electricity supply and chemical companies annual reports." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/529.
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As the environmental and social disclosing systems have been developed over decades, the climate of corporate environmental and social responsibility is becoming mature nowadays globally. What and how environment-sensitive companies (i.e. companies that are more likely to do environmental damages) disclose such information voluntarily are extensively concerned by the public, especially in China, where strong debatable issues constantly raise as a result of the rapid economic growth. Corporate environmental and social responsibility is no longer an international obligation but a domestic demand for China. This study will enhance our understanding of a very important issue in arguably the world's most vibrant economy.
The thesis has contributed the literature in a number of ways. First, this study aimed to measure the type and extent of both corporate environmental and social reporting across the Chinese environmental sensitive industries’ annual reports, which include mining, electricity supply, and chemical industries. A dichotomous method was employed and the Global Reporting Initiative third edition (G3) was selected as a benchmark. In addition, the characteristics of the companies that voluntarily disclose environmental and social information in their annual reports were to be examined under legitimacy theory. Seven hypotheses that developed seven predictor variables based on legitimacy theoretical framework with one of three industries examined each time. The variables were government ownership, management role, member of industrial association, profitability, operating leverage, company age, and firm size. Finally, results in differences across industries were to be discussed and compared.
This study aimed to measure the type and extent of corporate environmental and social reporting across the Chinese mining, electricity supply, and chemical industries' annual reports, using the Global Reporting Initiative third edition (G3) as a benchmark. In addition, the characteristics of companies that voluntarily disclose environmental and social information in their annual reports were to be examined under legitimacy theory. There are seven hypotheses that developed seven predictor variables based on legitimacy theoretical framework with one of three industries examined each time. The variables were government ownership, management role, member of industrial association, profitability, operating leverage, company age, and firm size. Finally, results in differences across industries were to be discussed and compared.
There were a total of 193 sample companies selected from the Shenzhen Stock Exchange database, and content analysis was applied to review and examine their annual reports in 2010. The G3 guidelines were used to indicate the extent of environmental and social performances by the sample companies. Companies’ specific characters for the predictor variables were also obtained from the Shenzhen Stock Exchange database. In order to accomplish the first aim of the study, descriptive statistics were used to determine the type and extent of environmental and social disclosures in the sample industries' 2010 annual reports. In addition, to accomplish the second aim, which is to examine the determinants of corporate environmental and social disclosure under legitimacy theory, univariate statistics and multiple regressions analysis were adopted. The comparisons across the sample industries were conducted after the regression analysis.
Research findings from environmental disclosure analysis showed that although mining industry disclosed slightly more information than electricity supply industry, the extent of environmental reporting for all three industries were typically low because information disclosed was limited to several categories. It was found that Chinese mining, electricity supply, and chemical industries are more likely to disclose information regarding energy and materials, which were the most concerned aspects in the Chinese society. Environmental disclosure regression analysis indicated that most of the predictor variables from legitimacy theory are able to explain the extent of environmental reporting in the sample industries. The results indicated that member of industrial association, company age, company size and profitability were significant to the extent environmental reporting across the three sample industries. However, government ownership was found to be insignificant in the study.
Results from social disclosure analysis indicated that electricity supply industries disclosed slightly more information than mining and chemical companies in their 2010 annual reports. Interestingly, all of the sample companies disclosed at least one item from the G3 social guidelines; however, the information disclosed was narrow in only a few categories, and the extent of social disclosure in the sample industries was typically low. The disclosure analysis found that Chinese mining, electricity supply, and chemical industries were more likely to disclose labour practices and decent work, and human rights information. The regression analysis showed that company size, profitability, leverage and management role have become the most significant factors, whereas member of industrial association was found to be insignificant in the sample industries.
This study concludes that on the basis of legitimacy theory, the amount of environmental and social information disclosed in the Chinese mining, electricity supply, and chemical industries’ annual reports was almost the same, and the firm specific predictor variables have similar influences across industries both environmentally and socially.
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Scharneck, Justin William. "A framework for the governance of social media in the workplace." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020180.
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Social media is fast becoming an ever-increasingly significant part of the world of business and a phenomenon which cannot be evaded. The advent of social media in the workplace compels organisations to acclimatise to the transformation emanating from employees‟ adoption of these technologies (Hanaki & Casella, 2008). Approximately seventy percent of organisations do not have a social media governance framework in place (Fink et al., 2011). Social media governance in organisations is very disjointed; companies have varying stances as to social media strategy, the risks, benefits and business use of social media (Thompson et al., 2011). The growth of social media and its use in the business environment will see a more standardised approach to social media governance (Thompson et al., 2011). Being at the forefront of technology development in Africa, and in certain areas, globally (Government of the Republic of South Africa, 2012), places added emphasis on IT organisations in South Africa to set the standard as it relates to social media governance. The diversity and depth of the human and technology resources within these organisations, creates an environment conducive to establishing and pioneering sound social media governance structures. The treatise consists of a study on the governance of social media and the successive development of two frameworks; an integrated framework for the governance of social media in the workplace, as well as integrated framework for a social media policy within an IT organisation. These frameworks are empirically evaluated amongst employees, within the context of Information Technology (IT) organisations, in South Africa. Several recommendations are proposed by the author in relation to the adoption of the proposed frameworks.
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Pepino, Camille. "La performance en droit des affaires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0500/document.
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Les opérateurs économiques sont confrontés à un fort accroissement de la concurrence combiné à des préoccupations sociales et environnementales désormais devenues indispensables. De ce constat, il semble que la performance qu’elle soit de type économique, social ou environnemental, soit devenue une valeur intrinsèque qui s’intègre ponctuellement à des obligations, ou engendre des obligations. Elle sera parfois extérieure au contrat et imposée par le droit lui-même. En ce sens, le législateur impose que la rémunération de certains dirigeants de sociétés soit obligatoirement indexée sur des critères de performances. Mais la performance sera parfois interne au contrat et constituera un élément essentiel pour ce dernier. Ces manifestations traduisent un mouvement d’ensemble rendant nécessaire la construction d’une réflexion juridique sur la performance, prisme de lecture devenu inévitable et particulièrement crucial. En dépit de l’attrait de la quête de performance, le droit est à la recherche d’un point d’équilibre de nature à permettre un développement économique dans les meilleures conditions, adossé au respect de l’environnement, naturel, humain, voire sociétal. C’est dans cette perspective que la dynamique de cette étude est construite. Elle appréhende la performance comme le fait d’atteindre un objectif, avec des moyens et des méthodes efficientes, tout en limitant les pertes financières et les effets néfastes. La performance est la nouvelle clé de lecture de la vie en société, et le droit des affaires s’impose à cet égard comme l’un des premiers relais<br>Economic operators are facing a sharp increase in competition combined with social and environmental concerns that have become of the essence. From this observation, it seems that the performance, be it economic, social or environmental, has become an value that is part of obligations, or creates itself obligations. It will sometimes be outside the contract and imposed by the law itself. In this sense, the legislator requires that the remuneration of certain companies executives is compulsorily indexed on performance criteria. But the performance will sometimes be internal to the contract and will be an essential element for the latter. These events reflect an overall movement making it necessary to construct a legal dissertation on performance, a new reading prism that has become inevitable and particularly crucial. Despite the attractiveness of the quest for performance, the law is seeking a point of balance likely to allow economic development in the best conditions, backed by respect for the environment, natural, human, even societal. It is in this perspective that the dynamics of this study is built. It understands performance as achieving a goal, with efficient means and methods, while limiting financial losses and adverse effects. Performance is the new key to reading life in society, and business law is one of the first relays
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Flores, Jose Cruz do Carmo. "Fechamento da mina : aspectos tecnicos, juridicos e socioambientais." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286759.
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Orientador: Hildebrando Herrmann<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T03:45:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Flores_JoseCruzdoCarmo_D.pdf: 3690114 bytes, checksum: 115eb3898eda96859bdbb86ae31dfa21 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2006<br>Resumo: o fechamento de mina insere-se como uma nova fase na vida do projeto de mineração. Seus principais objetivos são garantir que a saúde e a segurança públicas não serão comprometidas no futuro; que os recursos ambientais não serão expostos a posterior deterioração biológica, física e ou química; que o uso pós-mineração da propriedade será benéfico à comunidade e sustentável no longo prazo; e que quaisquer impactos socioeconômicos adversos serão mitigados. Os conceitos e procedimentos relativos ao fechamento de mina vêm se expandindo rapidamente, em termos de escopo e responsabilidade dos principais grupos interessados, dentre eles governo, empresas, comunidades impactadas e organizações não-governamentais (ONGs), instituições financeiras de crédito e outros componentes da sociedade civil. O Direito - como ciência social que o é - vem explicitando a consciência e a preocupação da sociedade com o adequado e seguro fechamento das minas, e internalizando as melhores práticas par.a se atingir seus objetivos. Esta tese dedica-se ao estudo e análise da arte do fechamento de mina sob os seus diversos aspectos. Ressalta-se a importância econômica e social da mineração, através da análise dos aspectos positivos e negativos desta atividade humana. Introduz-se o fechamento de mina como uma nova fase do projeto de mineração. Apresentam-se os conceitos de alguns termos usualmente encontrados nos trabalhos relativos ao tema fechamento de mina. Apontam-se as principais causas que conduzem ao fechamento, os tipos de fechamento que podem ocorrer e as etapas que integram o processo. Analisam-se os principais impactos ambientais, econômicos e sociais advindos do fechamento. Abordam-se os aspectos técnicos, jurídicos e socioambientais inerentes ao fechamento de mina na legislação de alguns países selecionados. Sintetiza-se a regulamentação do tema na legislação brasileira. Expõem-se os programas de fechamento de algumas minas brasileiras, de pequeno, médio e grande porte. Ao final, recomendam-se algumas questões inerentes ao evento, como sugestões para futuros estudos e pesquisas, e apresenta-se, como apêndice, a proposta de um conjunto de diretrizes, como contribuição ao estudo do tema e à progressiva regulamentação desta fase do projeto de mineração no Brasil<br>Abstract: Mine closure is a new stage in the life of a mining project. Its main objectives are guarantee that the future public hea1th and safety are not compromised; environmental resources are not subject to further physical and chemical deterioration; the post-mining use of a site is beneficial and sustainable in the long-tenn; and any adverse socio-economic impacts are minimized. The concepts and principIes surrounding mine closure are rapidly evolving in tenns of the supposed scope and responsibility of the major interested groups, among them government, industry, impacted communities and other stakeholders such as non-governmental organisations (NGOs), financial institutions and other components of civil society. The Law - as a social science - has highlighted the society conscious and preoccupation with the proper and safe mine closure and intemalized the best practices to achieve its purposes. This thesis focuses in the study and analysis of the evolution of mine closure art - under its several aspects. Highlight the economic and social importance of mining, through the analysis of positive and negative aspects of this human activity. Mine closure is introduced as new stage of the mining project. It is presented the concepts of some tenns usually employed in studies related to mine closure. Emphasize the main causes that can direct to closure, the types of closure that can occur and the steps part of this processo The main environmental, economic and social impacts from the mine closure process are analysed. Deal with technical, legal, social and environmental aspects in the law of some selected countries. Synthesize mine closure regulation in the Brazilian Law. Approach the programmes in course for closure of some small, medium and large size Brazilian mines. At the end recommends some points inherent to mine closure as suggestions to future researches and presents, as an appendix, a proposal of guidelines as a contribution to the study and the progressive regulation on mine closure in Brazil<br>Doutorado<br>Administração e Politica de Recursos Minerais<br>Doutor em Ciências
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Pinheiro, Adilson Ivan Caropreso. "O Plano Diretor de Curitiba (Lei n° 14.771/2015) e sua relação com a função social da propriedade na perspectiva dos direitos urbanísticos e ambiental." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2335.
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A cidade de Curitiba já foi tida como sinônimo de vanguarda em desenvolvimento urbano e equilíbrio ecológico. Porém, como na maioria das grandes cidades brasileiras, ela enfrenta problemas sociais, sobretudo, na área da propriedade urbana e da própria preservação ambiental diante das invasões urbanas. Entretanto, a Constituição Federal garantiu aos administradores municipais um elemento essencial para a gestão de suas cidades, o Plano Diretor. Este instrumento, regulamentado pelo Estatuto da Cidade, suscita um planejamento estratégico do município, do seu desenvolvimento e uma maior gestão democrática dos próprios interesses dos cidadãos habitantes da cidade. Esta dissertação de Mestrado tem como objetivo analisar a eficácia jurídica da lei do Plano Diretor de Curitiba 2015 (Lei nº 14.771/2015), no tratamento dado por seus idealizadores (Sociedade, Poder Executivo municipal e Poder Legislativo municipal) à função social da propriedade, sob a perspectiva dos direitos Urbanístico e Ambiental. Por meio de pesquisa em bases de dados acadêmicos, na literatura especializada e na jurisprudência nacional, estabeleceu-se parâmetros para a classificação da eficácia dos ordenamentos contidos no plano diretor de Curitiba em plena (aplicável de imediato), contida (apenas parte pode ser aplicada) e limitado (necessita de uma regulamentação futura para ter eficácia). Entre os principais resultados da pesquisa, tem-se que de 96 artigos da lei do Plano Diretor de Curitiba, diretamente ligados à área do direito urbanístico, direito ambiental e à propriedade, 40% dos mesmos possuem eficácia limitada, 16% dos artigos possuem eficácia contida e 44% possuem a sua eficácia plena. Ou seja, 56% dos artigos, voltados ao tema da pesquisa, não possuem uma aplicabilidade plena de suas diretivas. Isto significa que a lei responsável pelo planejamento do desenvolvimento urbano da cidade, nos próximos 10 anos, não possui eficácia imediata e suficiente para transformar o aspecto nebuloso da distribuição justa e correta da propriedade e de sua função social dentro do território do município de Curitiba.<br>The city of Curitiba has been regarded as a forefront synonymous of urban development and ecological balance. However, as in most large Brazilian cities, Curitiba faces social problems, especially in the area of urban property and its own environmental preservation facing urban invasions motivated by that. However, the Federal Constitution guaranteed the municipal administrators an essential element for the management of their cities, the Master Plan. This instrument, the Master Plan, which was regulated by the City Statute, provided a strategic planning for the municipality, in its development and a greater democratic management of its own citizens interests, the townspeople. This Master's dissertation aims to analyze the legal force of Curitiba’s Master Plan 2015 (Law No. 14,771 / 2015) in the treatment given by its creators (Society, Municipal Administration and Municipal Legislature) to the social function of property. It was elected as a paradigm for analysis of this work the Urban Law and Environmental Law and their determinations that guide the use, exploitation of urban land and the preservation of the natural and urban environment within the legal orders generated by the approval of the project law update of the master plan of the city of Curitiba. Through research in academic databases, in specific literature and in national jurisprudence, parameters were established for ranking the effectiveness of the orders contained in the full master plan of Curitiba (immediately applicable) contained (only part can be applied) and limited (it needs a future regulation to be effective). The results obtained throughout this work are posted at the end of this paper and they express that from the 96 articles directly related to the urban law area, environmental law and the property contained in the new law of Curitiba’s Master Plan, 40% of them have limited effectiveness, 16% of the articles have contained efficiency and 44% have their full effect, that is, 56% of the articles focused on the theme’s work does not have full applicability of their policies, which imposes thinking to the external observer that the law responsible for the urban development of the city for the next 10 years, at this moment, does not have sufficient efficacy to transform the nebulous aspect of the fair and correct distribution of property and its social function in the municipality of Curitiba.
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Horn, Luiz Fernando Del Rio. "As perspectivas ambiental e socioambiental do desenvolvimento sustentável sinérgico e sua aplicabilidade." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2009. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/479.
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O que são o desenvolvimento sustentável, seus desdobramentos teóricos e suas implicações, pode não suscitar muitas dúvidas ao investigador da academia, mas sua aplicação real vem provocando intensos debates nas muitas ciências, em razão dos temas que o cercam: quase tudo pertinente ao sistema social, para não dizer tudo. A extensão de qualquer enfrentamento a tal tema não permite grandes concessões e exceções das diversas áreas do conhecimento, sob pena de incompletude de observação, esta por si naturalmente limitada ao seu ponto cego. Assim, alguns pontos latentes para o desenvolvimento sustentável foram alinhados nos respectivos capítulos, de maneira que, no último, o somatório de revisões redunda num representativo avanço. A iniciar, e por meio do resgate histórico crítico, buscou-se a melhor definição para o desenvolvimento sustentável na contemporaneidade. Esta é observada em veias reflexivas na sequência, para contextualização do leitor nesta modernidade avançada. O processo produtivo de consumo, com ênfase para este último, detém toda a atenção a seguir, permitindo o conhecimento das engrenagens econômicas motivacionais. Dando continuação, aborda-se o desenvolvimento sustentável sob o prisma do sistema jurídico brasileiro, no qual a matriz do direito entra em discussão. Por fim, faz-se uma revisão minuciosa dos principais movimentos e correntes ambientais e socioambientais, prestando-se para a revisão do desenvolvimento sustentável, agora sinérgico.<br>Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-30T16:09:34Z
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Dissertacao Luiz Fernando del Rio Horn.pdf: 871974 bytes, checksum: 3db221d36f479c613c269122b5246c1f (MD5)<br>What is the maintainable development, their theoretical unfolding and their implications, it cannot raise a lot of doubts to the investigator of the academy, but its real application is provoking intense debates in a lot of sciences, in reason of the themes that surround it: almost everything pertinent to the social system, for not saying everything. The extension of any confronting of such a theme does not allow great concessions and exceptions of several areas of knowledge, under penalty of observation uncompleted, this for itself limited naturally to its blind point. Like this, some latent points for the maintainable development were aligned in the respective chapters, so that, in the last, the sum of revisions is redundant in a representative progress. In the first chapter, through the critical historical rescue, the best definition was looked for the maintainable development in the contemporaneousness. This is observed in reflexive veins in the second chapter, for contextualization of the reader in this advanced modernity. The productive process of consumption, with emphasis for this last one, stops all the attention in the chapter third, allowing the knowledge of the gears economical motivations. In the four there is an approach of the maintainable development under the prim of the brazilian legal system, in which the head office of the right enters in discussion. In the fifth and last, it is made a meticulous revision of the main movements and environmental currents and social environments, being rendered for revision of the maintainable development, now synergic.
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Oliveira, Robson de. "Contabilidade ambiental : evidencia????o de eventos econ??micos de natureza ambiental pelas empresas do setor qu??mico e petroqu??mico." FECAP - Faculdade Escola de Com??rcio ??lvares Penteado, 2005. http://132.0.0.61:8080/tede/handle/tede/649.
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Previous issue date: 2005-08-29<br>The companies, as integrant part of the society, are being forced to meet environmental goals, besides the economical ones, demonstrating that besides the economical return generated to the shareholders, they are also creating social return to the communities where they are located. Environmental Accounting is the system of information which main aim is to gather, measure and disclose the environmental transactions seeking to exercise the important role of communication vehicle between company and society. In this context, the accounting statements deserve attention and special study, regarding that they represent the main disclosure channel of economic-environmental items of which the Accounting uses. The objective of this work was to analyze a sample of accounting statements published in Brazil with the objective of verifying how the investments, liabilities and environmental costs have been disclosed. Unhappily, the accounting statements of this companies had revealed little adequate to the new necessities of the users of the accounting information, and parallel, insufficient to take care of to the requirements of NBC T 15 - Information of Social and Ambient Nature, approved for the Resolution of the Federal Advice of Accounting - CFC n?? 1.003, that it will enter in vigor from 1?? of January of 2006.<br>As empresas, como parte integrante da sociedade, est??o sendo fortemente demandadas a cumprirem metas ambientais, al??m das econ??micas; demonstrando que, al??m do retorno econ??mico gerado aos acionistas, tamb??m est??o gerando retorno social ??s comunidades em que se encontram inseridas. A Contabilidade Ambiental apresenta-se como o sistema de informa????es que tem como finalidade principal coletar, mensurar e evidenciar as transa????es ambientais visando a exercer o importante papel de ve??culo de comunica????o entre a empresa e a sociedade. Neste sentido, as demonstra????es cont??beis merecem aten????o e estudo especiais, haja vista que representam o principal canal de evidencia????o de itens econ??mico-ambientais do qual faz uso a Contabilidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de analisar uma amostra de demonstra????es cont??beis publicadas no Brasil, das empresas Petrobr??s, Braskem, Refap, Copesul, Bunge Fertilizantes, Basf, Petroqu??mica Uni??o e OPP, todas do ramo qu??mico e petroqu??mico, no intuito de verificar como t??m sido evidenciados os investimentos, passivos e custos ambientais pelas referidas empresas. Infelizmente, as demonstra????es cont??beis dessas companhias mostraram-se pouco adequadas ??s novas necessidades dos usu??rios da informa????o cont??bil, e paralelamente, insuficientes para atender ??s exig??ncias da NBC T 15 - Informa????es de Natureza Social e Ambiental, aprovadas pela Resolu????o do Conselho Federal de Contabilidade - CFC n?? 1.003, que entrar?? em vigor a partir de 1?? de janeiro de 2006.
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Kharlamova, G. "Environmental security: economic and social aspects." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10022.
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Ecology – is complex problem, so complex decisions are needed.
Preservation of environment and acceptance of administrative decisions, recreational use of natural resources of natural-resources fund territories demand certain regulating actions. These actions have to be based on exact basis of complex interdisciplinary approach to environment security.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10022
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Fauré, Eléonore. "Sustainability goals combining social and environmental aspects." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191524.
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This thesis examines how to take into account both environmental and social sustainability goals to be used in scenarios or in policymaking. In paper I, we select four sustainability goals that have to be fulfilled by 2050 in normative future scenarios for Sweden in a degrowth context. Two goals address ecological challenges, climate change and land use issues specifically. The other two goals address social issues and deal with participation and influence in society as well as resource security and distribution. The environmental goals will require significant reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and land use compared to today's levels. The social goals are within reach today, although the degree of fulfillment differs across different groups in society. In paper II, we review existing and suggested climate or energy targets at a global, national and local scale and search for justice perspectives or for proposals for such perspectives. We find that the justice aspect is not explicitly formulated in existing climate and energy targets and that, the community of justice i.e. the receivers of benefits or burdens, in our reviewed examples, is limited to human beings, thereby excluding all other living beings. In paper III, we assess how four different backcasting scenarios for land use in a Swedish context, all of which fulfil a climate target of zero CO2 emissions in 2060, impact on other sustainability goals. We conduct a goal conflict analysis between the chosen climate goal and the other Swedish environmental goals, the gender equity goals and the public health goal. We find that there are more potential goal conflicts in scenarios with no global climate agreement. From the results of all three papers, I then discuss several aspects that have to be taken into account when setting goals, such as the major uncertainties associated with long-term goals, the elusiveness, the normativity of goals and the need to separate goals from the means to achieve the goals.<br>Utsläpp av växthusgaser (GHG) och andra miljöproblem, såsom förlust av biologisk mångfald, markanvändning och övergödning av sötvatten och marina kustekosystem, är stora utmaningar för mänskligheten. De planetära gränser för dessa områden har redan överskridits. Av de 16 svenska miljömålen för 2020, vars syfte är att lösa dessa ödesfrågor, bedöms bara ett – "Ett skyddande ozonskikt" – uppnås i tid. Vad gäller sociala mål på global nivå fram till 2015 – FN:s Milleniemål – har visserligen betydande framsteg gjorts på en del områden, t.ex. jämställdhet i utbildningen, men utfallet skiljer sig mellan länder och inom länder med avseende på socioekonomisk grupp och kön. Denna avhandling undersöker hur man kan ta hänsyn till både miljömässiga och sociala hållbarhetsmål som ska användas i framtidsscenarier eller som underlag till beslutsfattande. I artikel I väljs fyra hållbarhetsmål i en tvärvetenskaplig process. Målen ska uppfyllas 2050 i s.k. normativa framtidsscenarier (backcasting) för Sverige i en kontext av nedväxt eller låg tillväxt. De två första målen handlar om klimatförändringar och markanvändningsfrågor. De två andra är sociala mål och omfattar delaktighet och inflytande i samhället samt tillgång till resurser och fördelning av dessa. För att uppnå de valda miljömålen, kommer drastiska minskningar av växthusgasutsläpp (GHG) och markanvändning att behövas, jämfört med dagens situation. Båda de sociala målen är inom räckhåll i dag, även om graden av uppfyllelse skiljer sig mellan olika grupper i samhället. I artikel II genomförs en kvalitativ dokumentanalys för att samla information om befintliga och föreslagna klimat- och energimål på global, nationell och lokal nivå. Vi letar också efter rättviseperspektiv i befintliga klimat- och energimål samt förslag till sådana perspektiv i föreslagna mål i den vetenskapliga litteraturen liksom i rapporter från miljöorganisationer. En slutsats är att rättvisa inte är uttryckligen formulerat i befintliga klimat- och energimål. Vi använder en teoretisk ram för social rättvisa som skiljer mellan vem som ger och får det som fördelas, vad som fördelas (rättvisevaluta) och hur det fördelas (distributionsprinciper). Utifrån vår analys fann vi att en egalitär princip används för de flesta föreslagna målen, exempelvis för globala mål om utsläpp av växthusgaser per capita. Samtliga av de granskade målen omfattar endast rättvisa mellan människor och exkluderar därmed andra levande varelser. I artikel III analyserar vi hur fyra olika backcastingscenarier för markanvändning i ett svenskt sammanhang år 2060 påverkar andra hållbarhetsmål när ett klimatmål om noll CO2-utsläpp är uppfyllt. Med hjälp av en matris gör vi en målkonfliktanalys med de övriga svenska miljömålen, jämställdhetsmål och mål för folkhälsan med dess 11 tillhörande målområden. Analysen visar att de potentiella målkonflikterna är fler i scenarier utan globalt klimatavtal. Detta beror främst på att vissa miljöfrågor måste behandlas på global nivå, samt att minskningen i miljöpåverkan kommer att bero på åtgärder som inte bara vidtagits i Sverige utan också globalt. Utifrån dessa tre artiklar diskuterar jag sedan olika aspekter som måste beaktas vid fastställandet av mål. Eftersom hållbarhetsmål är långsiktiga och kännetecknas av en hel del osäkerhet diskuterar jag behovet av att sätta upp "försiktigt utopiska mål" (cautiously utopian goals), det vill säga mål som kan vara omöjliga att uppnå, men möjliga att närma sig. Sådana mål kan få till stånd de djupgående förändringar som krävs för en hållbar och rättvis framtid samtidigt som de är acceptabla för de intressenter som berörs. Mål är ofta otydliga vad gäller vad som ingår eller inte. Vad gäller klimatmålen, exempelvis, är det ofta otydligt huruvida utsläpp från handel är inkluderade eller ej och vilket referensår en viss utsläppsminskning baseras på. Sådana avgränsningar bör synliggöras och helst diskuteras med avseende på hur de kan påverka till exempel andra länders utsläppsminskningar. Det finns också ett behov att skilja mål från medel för att uppnå målen, eftersom det gör det möjligt att formulera mål som kan uppnås på olika sätt. Ekonomisk tillväxt ses ofta som ett mål i sig, såsom i FN:s nya hållbarhetsmål (SDGs). Tillväxt borde dock betraktas som ett rent verktyg för att uppnå egentliga mål rörande, exempelvis, välbefinnande. Mål är också normativa och återspeglar både olika kulturella och etiska perspektiv på vad en god hälso- och sjukvård eller bostadsstandard bör vara. De underliggande värdena bör därför också synliggöras och ifrågasättas. Både inter- och intragenerationella rättviseperspektiv bör göras mer konkreta och tydliga så att sådana frågor kan följas upp. En bra start kan vara att förutom ett territoriellt perspektiv börja använda ett konsumtionsperspektiv vid upprättandet av klimat-eller markanvändningsmål, då effekten av vår konsumtion på andra länders miljö och hälsa har ökat under de senaste årtiondena.<br><p>QC 20160901</p><br>Beyond GDP Growth
Livres sur le sujet "Environmental law – Social aspects"
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Greenbaum, Allan, Ronald Pushchak, and Alex Wellington. Environmental law in social context: A Canadian perspective. Captus Press, 2002.
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Klaus, Bosselmann, and Richardson Benjamin J, eds. Environmental justice and market mechanisms: Key challenges for environmental law and policy. Kluwer Law, 1999.
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Zleptnig, Stefan. Non-economic objectives in WTO law. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2010.
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Governança da ordem ambiental internacional e inclusão social. PROCAM USP IEE, 2012.
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E, Brophy Jere, ed. Case studies of teaching and learning in social studies. JAI Press, 1993.
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André, Lima, and Araújo Ana Valéria, eds. O direito para o Brasil socioambiental. S.A. Fabris Editor, 2002.
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H, Donner, ed. Umweltschutz zwischen Staat und Markt: Moderne Konzeptionen im Umweltschutz. Nomos, 1989.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Environmental law – Social aspects"
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Montiel Vargas, Ana. "B Lab and the Process of Certificating B Corps." In The International Handbook of Social Enterprise Law. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14216-1_13.
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AbstractThe objective of this study is to analyze certain aspects of certified B Corporations (known as B Corps), a type of company that orients its activity toward the achievement of objectives that transcend economic ones. These companies are part of the “B movement,” promoted by B Lab, which is a non-profit organization that certifies the social and environmental impact of these entities with its own measurement system. This study introduces this business phenomenon and explores the origin, evolution, and expansion of B Corps in different countries worldwide. Additionally, it examines the process of obtaining certification as a B Corp by measuring the impact on different stakeholders: the government, workers, community, environment, and clients. Finally, different aspects of notable interest in the legal terms of this private certification are highlighted.
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Nakao, Seiji, Hidenori Harada, and Taro Yamauchi. "Introduction." In Global Environmental Studies. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7711-3_1.
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AbstractSustainable Development Goals (SDGs) present a new vision to establish an adequate and equitable sanitation system and require more consideration on the basis of the socio-cultural aspects of global sanitation. Despite these directions, the establishment of global sanitation in low- and middle-income countries has been challenging, and the socio-cultural aspects, especially the interconnections of socio-culture with materials and health, are overlooked. In this context, an interdisciplinary approach including humanities and social sciences is necessary based on the understanding that sanitation is embedded in society. In terms of the interconnection between socio-culture and materials, sanitation requires social relations to function its service chain, and in the interconnections between socio-culture and health, the risk of health by inadequate sanitation is socially allocated unevenly. In other words, an adequate and equitable sanitation system involves appropriate interconnections between the three components of sanitation (social-culture, health, and materials). Therefore, this chapter presents the concept of the “Sanitation Triangle” as an interdisciplinary framework by focusing on the relationship between the three elements.
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Normand, Jonathan, and Veronica Devenin. "Real-World Lessons on Stakeholder Capitalism: How B Lab and B Corp Movement Catalyze Change in Society." In The International Handbook of Social Enterprise Law. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14216-1_17.
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AbstractB Lab started in 2006, developing standards, a legal framework and certification to take into account all stakeholders for businesses that wanted to be not only the best in the world but also the best for the world. The objective was finding a way to harness capitalism’s positive elements while also protecting individuals and society from its negative aspects and, at the same time, helping scale businesses while remaining true to their social or environmental mission and creating a credible system of social and environmental transparency and accountability to engage consumers. Fifteen years later, B Lab and the B Corp movement are considered relevant actors in the purpose ecosystem, which are actively creating favorable framings, systems, policy change, and infrastructures to support the development of purpose-driven businesses. B Lab considers that businesses can act as a starting point to catalyze systemic change, given their direct relationship with multiple stakeholders within the economic system and society at large in order. This chapter presents B Lab’s theory of change and how it is developing its corresponding global strategies in practice.
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Meira, Deolinda, and Maria Elisabete Ramos. "Social Enterprises and Benefit Corporations in Portugal." In The International Handbook of Social Enterprise Law. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14216-1_36.
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AbstractThe Portuguese legal system does not provide for the general regime of social enterprises. The legal notion offered by the Public Procurement Code has a sectoral scope, and the Basic Law on Social Economy is ambiguous as to the relationship between social enterprises and social economy. Benefit corporations have no legislative provision in the Portuguese legal order. However, “company” types are endowed with some flexibility. This allows shareholders to adapt the statutes to their business projects within the law’s limits through statutory clauses. Statutory clauses can incorporate the interests of the general community, workers and other stakeholders, translated, for example, into dividend distribution policies or environmentally sustainable practices, gender equality policies or the promotion of social responsibility measures.Although not expressly stated in Portuguese law, the current state of legal doctrine allows us to argue that social enterprises in Portugal are included in the perimeter of social economy entities.The areas of impact measured by B certification seem to be inspired by the experience concerning cooperatives, which combine social and economic aspects. Cooperatives, however, go beyond B-Corp entities. B certification, granted by private entity B-Lab, is not a new legal regime but only a label that distinguishes companies. Some Portuguese companies are B-Lab certified companies.
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Pambudi, Andi Setyo, and Trikurnianti Kusumanto. "Water Resources Governance in Indonesia Towards Environmental Sustainability Along with Social and Economic Development." In Environment & Policy. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15904-6_16.
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AbstractIndonesia’s water resources governance aims at delivering the basic needs of a growing population whilst being constrained by ecosystems’ carrying capacity. The main causes of regulatory overlaps and prevalent “silo mentality” in water governance are sought by analysing laws, regulations, and policies. Over time, water resources governance has aimed to address food, water, and energy needs through infrastructural approaches, forest and land rehabilitation, and community participation. It is anchored in the river basin territory and watershed concepts. Public decision-making, however, puts anthropogenic considerations at its core rather than hydrological aspects, leading to misfits between institutions and ecosystem functioning. Ineffective legal instruments and policies are essentially due to institutional constraints. A synthesis of the three major water regulations—Government Regulation 37/2012 concerning Watershed Management, Law 17/2019 concerning Water Resources, and Government Regulation 26/2008 concerning National Spatial Plan—reveals little ownership of watershed management with regional/local governments since responsibilities are delegated by the central government to a technical agency; limited focus on green water (social and ecological) governance approaches compared with blue water (hard infrastructural) ones; and weak law enforcement and formulation of strategies for maintaining ecosystem functioning. Our recommendations include an ecoregional water governance with a thoroughly designed performance and target indicators; continuation of development plans built on previous plans and outcomes; continuity in water resources monitoring and evaluation; society-wide participation; and synchronisation of regulatory processes of all administrative levels led by the President in collaboration with Parliament using “carrot and stick” modes.
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Lauesen, Linne Marie. "Environmental Law." In Encyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28036-8_76.
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Roebuck, Annette. "Environmental Aspects of Communication." In Rethinking Communication in Health and Social Care. Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-46495-8_6.
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Rogers, Deborah S. "Social Aspects of Global Change, Introduction." In Global Environmental Change. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5784-4_55.
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Spitz, Karlheinz, John Trudinger, and Matthew Orr. "Environmental and social aspects of governance in a changing environment." In Environmental Social Governance. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003134008-1.
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Oyevaar, Martin, Diego Vázquez-Brust, and Harrie van Bommel. "Sustainable Development: Environmental and Social Aspects." In Globalization and Sustainable Development. Macmillan Education UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-44536-0_5.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Environmental law – Social aspects"
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Kamal, Shahed, Margaret Bearman, Joanna Tai, and Brandi Fox. "Exploring the social aspects of student collaboration in online learning." In ASCILITE 2021: Back to the Future – ASCILITE ‘21. University of New England, Armidale, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14742/ascilite2021.0110.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Social interaction is seen as a key tenet of constructivist approaches to learning. There is a significant body of literature looking into online collaboration for learning, however less is known about how students experience collaboration more broadly. Understanding student experience may help to understand ways of ensuring online collaboration is successful. This student-led study aimed to explore what can be learnt from student perspectives of online collaboration. This study is embedded in a larger research program surrounding a 2019 course renewal project. Ten undergraduate law students were interviewed as part of the overall study but with additional semi-structured questions regarding collaboration. Participants were enrolled in a mix of online and blended units. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed. Four themes were interpreted: 1) pre-existing social relationships facilitate online collaboration; 2) social media platforms enable interpersonal interaction and, as a result, online collaboration; 3) university-provided platforms lacked social elements of collaboration; and 4) face-to-face collaboration appears frictionless compared to online only collaboration. This study indicates the value of exploring collaboration as a broad social phenomenon rather than one purely focussed on educational designs that promote collaboration. Results suggest a considerable interaction between the interpersonal (friend focus) and study (learning focus). In the online space, collaboration was mediated by pre-existing embodied relationships and social media forums. There was a sense that social media activity would be difficult to mandate. This raises challenges, including how to manage equity issues around access to informal platforms; and how to incorporate into learning environments technologies that are experienced as ‘frictionless’ (i.e., easy and achievable without thought) and which appear to promote collaboration.
2
OPREA, Iulia Alexandra, ;. Nicoleta (MARIN) ILIE, and Vlad Constantin TURCEA. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURE CONSOLIDATION OF RURAL AREAS." In Competitiveness of Agro-Food and Environmental Economy. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/cafee/2020/9/17.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Rural Romania and the agricultural sector development had recorded notable progress as direct results of previous rural development programs’ implementation, programs financed from both Europeans and national sources. Challenges are still to be tackled in the following financing periods as increased numbers of small scale farms, low level of technological upscale in the agricultural sector, rural degradation, farmers and rural population aging, undersupply of qualified workforce, environmental aspects that threat productivity, insufficient infrastructural development, low access at essential services and reduced number of value added products. In this specific context, in order to reach the highest economic and social rural potential and in particularly, the rural agro-food sector, it is essential that up-until-now efforts to be continued and improved. Have the key priorities been fulfilled for the National Rural Development Programme 2014- 2020? Have the key performance indicators been successfully implemented? What are the priorities with the largest-lowest accomplishment rate? These aspects do represent the scope of the article and additionally, there will be highlighted the necessary actions in order to consolidate the socio-economic structure of the rural areas.
3
Walters, Justin, and Amin Mirkouei. "Social Life Cycle Assessment of Computer-Aided Design Tools." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22576.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Social life cycle assessment (SLCA) is a newly developed concept that is used to assess the potential positive and negative social impacts of products and services. However, the existing approaches have not focused on improving social aspects in the execution of computer-aided design (CAD) software. The Idaho National Laboratory’s Materials and Fuels Complex is currently using Creo Parametric CAD software to design all experimental equipment. The purpose of this study is to conduct a socio-environmental life cycle assessment on the existing design procedures and present the findings and possible solutions to upper management. A comparison was performed to highlight the differences between the procedures. To determine the social effects, the Social Hotspots Database in OpenLCA was used in connection with a low, medium, high, and very high scale, which was used to quantify specific social categories. The social categories developed for this study include communication, rework time, time spent investigating non-normal methods of task completion, excessive working time, and social impacts of electricity usage. The environmental aspects were calculated by gathering data on carbon dioxide emissions per computer, utilizing the Creo software. The results produced through the calculations show that in all three areas of interest, the proposed approach decreased time and carbon dioxide emissions as well as an increase in employee satisfaction. Due to the virtually nonexistent SLCA studies in relation to the use of CAD software, it is anticipated that this study will provide a starting point for a more in-depth analysis of engineering departments.
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Seraphim, Ana Paula, and Maria do Carmo Bezerra. "Land Regularization and Quality Urban Spaces." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6074.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The policy of urban land regularization in Brazil has it legal basis expressed in the Estatuto da Cidade, Federal Law no. 11,481/2001. This norm contemplates a multidimensional understanding of the conditions necessary for the integration of illegal settlements into the formal city. It goes beyond the granting of land title, since it establishes that the urban, environmental and social dimensions are also taken into account in the regularization projects. Thus, quality of life and environmental quality aspects are expected to be present in the regulated areas, this is not verified by official surveys, where basic service deficiency and environmental impacts are identified. The present study aims to objectify the evaluation of the projects, verifying which elements contribute to the urban and environmental spatial qualification, allowing a qualified feedback to the projects. As method, was explored elements that compose the regularization projects in the different dimensions and reviewed concepts of quality of life and environmental quality to identify elements that characterize them. An evaluation framework was organized and used to analyze a project considered a successful example, the Cantinho do Céu, in an area of Protection and Recovery of Water Supplies in the city of São Paulo. It was possible to verify how the implemented interventions relate with the regularization dimensions defined in law and with the guarantors of quality of life and environmental quality. Emphasis was placed on what is defined as quality of life, despite having a proportionality between the environmental, social and urban dimensions, which explains its success.
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LIU, JIE, and CHANG-CHEN GAO. "ANALYSIS OF GOVERNMENT PROVIDING PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICE UNDER THE NEW EMPLOYMENT PATTERN." In 2021 International Conference on Education, Humanity and Language, Art. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/ehla2021/35727.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Employment is the largest livelihood of more than 1.3 billion people and the most basic support for economic development. The Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and the State Council insist on giving priority to employment in economic and social development, encourage the creation of a favorable environment for mass entrepreneurship and innovation, and maintain overall stability in China's employment situation, coupled with the new employment model of de-employerization and platformization along with the technological progress of the Internet and the upgrading of mass consumption. However, we should also see that there are still many difficulties and problems in the current economic and social development, the new employment form breaks the old industry and legal order under the interest relationship and management norms, the traditional employment groups, management means, labor law system, employment service management, social security policies and so on to form an impact. In order to alleviate the current situation, our country should actively explore the innovative mechanism of the government to provide public services to promote employment, and the author also puts forward some suggestions from the following aspects through his own research: first, to establish the diversified public employment service supply mechanism which is government-led, market and social supplement; from the above aspects, the quality and efficiency of the supply of public employment services under the new industry are improved from the above aspects.
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Morina, Gazmend, and Gani Kastrati. "ENVIRONMENTAL EXPENDITURE OF ENTERPRISES, IN MINING SECTOR IN KOSOVO." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s21.072.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Environmental expenditures include all environmental protection expenditures to prevent, reduce and control environmental aspects, impacts and hazards, in addition to the costs of disposal, treatment, hygiene and cleaning. Environmental protection expenditures are defined as investments of enterprises allocated to reduce direct environmental pollution. In this scientific paper we will address the topic of environmental costs of enterprises in the mining sector in Kosovo. All enterprises of the mining industry in Kosovo are obliged by legislation to allocate or plan a budget for environmental expenditures. The Independent Commission for Mines and Minerals is an independent agency defined by the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo, which regulates mining activities in Kosovo in accordance with the Law on Mines and Minerals, bylaws issued in accordance with the Law on Mines and Minerals and Kosovo Mining Strategy. This institution has determined by administrative instruction the expenses which the enterprises of the mining sector are obliged to deposit in the form of bank guarantees, for the closure of the mine, after the expiration of the license or permit. This type of expense for the company is otherwise called insurance "for all risks to third parties". Collecting high quality and reliable environmental expenditure data is essential for policymakers to develop effective environmental policies and for donors and financial institutions. Environmental criteria consider how a company performs as a nature manager. Mining areas often experience a theme of social tension due to the potential compromise between the expected impact of employment and concerns about environmental damage. Pollution control is a necessary condition for welfare benefits despite new job opportunities in the mining sector. Mining operations often require intensive use of water resources, require land and can create severe environmental externalities, including soil erosion and pollution, air and water, pollution from acid mine drainage, to chemical leakage and sedimentation. During this paper we will be based on some methods of scientific research such as: analysis, synthesis, generalization, specification, etc. We will be based on publications or official reports of relevant institutions, Kosovo and international legislation related to the topics addressed as well as field visits to the mining sector enterprises in Kosovo, which allocate more budget for environmental expenditures, for due to the activity they exercise. Finally, we will give our conclusions regarding the adequacy of environmental expenditures made by mining sector companies in Kosovo, the legislation in force and the need to amend or supplement this legislation, etc.
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Orduña Gañán, María Ángeles, and María del Rosario del Caz Enjuto. "Barrios y sostenibilidad: la aplicación de criterios sociales, medioambientales y económicos en el diseño y evaluación de procesos de regeneración urbana sostenible." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Instituto de Arte Americano. Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5899.
Texte intégralRésumé :
El objetivo de esta investigación es la elaboración de una matriz de indicadores y criterios de sostenibilidad
 social, ambiental y económica, aplicable tanto a la evaluación de proyectos de regeneración urbana ya
 realizados como a la intervención en futuros proyectos. El trabajo se destina principalmente a los barrios
 obsoletos de las ciudades europeas, en los que se acumulan no sólo problemas de habitabilidad e
 ineficiencia energética de las edificaciones, sino también problemas de carácter social y económico. De ahí
 la búsqueda de indicadores y criterios desde esta triple perspectiva. Los resultados obtenidos hasta el
 momento muestran la interacción entre unos y otros campos. Por ejemplo, un indicador necesario, como el
 de la densidad residencial mínima que se desarrolla detalladamente en este texto, no solamente está
 relacionado con aspectos medioambientales, sino que tiene repercusiones sociales y económicas. The goal of this research is the development of a matrix of indicators and criteria of social, environmental and economic sustainability. The matrix is aimed to be applied in the evaluation of urban regeneration projects as well as in the evaluation of future projects of city
 interventions. The results of this research
 are to be used specifically with projects in
 obsolete neighborhoods in European cities,
 where not only habitability and energy inefficiency problems occur, but also
 problems of social and economic nature.
 As consequence the indicators and criteria
 are investigated under consideration of
 all three perspectives. The results already
 obtained show the connection of these three
 fields. 
 For example an important indicator, which
 is described in detail in this text, is the
 minimum residential density: This indicator
 is not only related to environmental aspects,
 but it also has social and economic 
 repercussions.
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Betancourt Quiroga, Carolina Ingrid, and Leonor Patricia Güereca Hernández. "Impacto ambiental del transporte en la construcción de vivienda de interes social en México durante el 2000 y 2012." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6315.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La construcción masiva de vivienda de interés social en México durante el 2000-2012, demando constantes viajes de traslado por la población, su localización relativa ha fomentado mayor demanda de energía y de combustibles por el número de viajes origen destino.
 El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar el impacto ambiental desde el cálculo de las emisiones de gases efecto invernadero (GEI), que género el transporte por la construcción masiva de vivienda de interés social en la periferia de las ciudades mexicanas, durante el 2000 – 2012.
 La metodología empleada fue el Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV), está herramienta permite estimar los aspectos asociados a un proceso o servicio. Para determinar el impacto ambiental, se llevó a cabo la compilación de un Inventario Ciclo de Vida, esté permitió cuantificar las emisiones de GEI y los impactos asociados.
 Las emisiones de GEI fueron aproximadamente de 417.173.41 Gg de CO2 eq, esto represento 20% aproximadamente de las emisiones de transporte para el mismo periodo. The massive construction of social interest housing in Mexico during 2000-2012, demanded constant trips of the population, its relative location has fostered greater demand for energy and fuel by the number of trips source destination.
 The objective of this research is to assess the environmental impact from the calculation of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) that gender transport the massive construction of social interest housing on the outskirts of Mexican cities, during 2000 to 2012.
 The methodology used was the life-cycle assessment (LCA), this tool allows to estimate the aspects associated with a process or service. To determine the environmental impact was conducted compiling a Life Cycle Inventory, it is allowed to quantify GHG emissions and associated impacts.
 GHG emissions were approximately 417.173.41 Gg of CO2 eq, that represent about 20% of transport emissions for the same period.
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Melo, Beatrice, Thiago Beresford, and Ana Cristina Broega. "Fashion Design and Production through the Social Economy Lens: Contributions and Challenges for a Holistic Approach." In 20th AUTEX World Textile Conference - Unfolding the future. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-29ub74.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The growing environmental crisis and the proliferation of social inequality, with affective ties to the movements of predatory neoliberal globalization, desperately claim for the constitution of a truly sustainable future. To this end, it is essential to implement ethical, empathic, and cooperative behaviors and the reorientation of the market to consider the coexistence of human beings with nature in harmony. In this context, the global fashion system, characterized by mass production, low cost, and promoting excessive disposable consumption, devalues the natural diversity of the biosphere - from the extraction of raw materials to waste produced in the post-consumption - and contributes, directly and exponentially, to aggravate social inequalities and fracture, increasingly, the imbalance of ecosystems. The concept and practices of the Circular Economy have often been addressed to implement a sustainable production chain; however, it still neglects the social and cultural dimensions. Founded on the fashion production chain processes and their impacts on the lives of those who manufacture garments, on the community and environment in which we live, the purpose of this article is to present a sustainable model for designing and manufacturing fashion products. Social Economy values such as the social development of the people and communities involved, holistic development of the human being, diffusion of feelings of cooperation, respect, solidarity, and commitment, and, above all, ethical behaviors are the groundwork of this study. This framework absorbs characteristics of the Social Economy in the fashion industry and values sustainable human development supported by educational programs for workers, socially responsible sewing workshops, collaborative design, recognition of local knowledge, and social entrepreneurship. Furthermore, this model will empower the wage-earner community that produces fashion by participating in the design and development of apparel products. The methodology used included a literature review and analysis of reports; after identifying critical points of Social Economy theories, this study aims to provide a fairer model for developing products oriented towards the humanization of productive relations, transparency, and sustainability. Despite including SE's humanistic components to fulfill the CE's social gaps, this plan for Social Circularity can only overcome a few of the recurrent problems in fashion production. Standing as an in-progress framework requires both validation and deepening of socio-ecological aspects in implementing a holistic economy in its total multidimensionality.
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Rees, Morgan, and Qing Wang. "Design and Analysis of a Sustainable Multi-Objective Distribution Network Using Simulation-Based Optimisation." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34957.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper examines the distribution network for a manufacturing business looking at aspects of sustainability including economic, environmental and social considerations. The problem is initially approached mathematically, then applied experimentally using a specialist software, Orion-pi. A real life business, Rettig ICC, is used as a case study to show how the theory could be applied to a practical example and would provide financial savings, reduced carbon emissions and lay the groundwork for a more ethical business strategy. The results show it will be a financially and environmentally positive move to decrease the current activity at Birtley and operate an additional smaller distribution centre at Coventry.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Environmental law – Social aspects"
1
BESTAEVA, E., and U. TEDEEVA. SOME ASPECTS OF THE WORLDVIEW FOUNDATIONS OF BIOETHICS. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2021-13-3-2-14-24.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of the work is to determine the specifics of the worldview foundations of bioethics, their structure, nature and essence of man in the context of the “new experience” in the field of biotechnology. Research methods - philosophical and general logical.”New experience” in the field of biotechnology, as a stimulating discussion of anthropological, axiological and social problems, must be guided by the strategy of personal preservation and the methodology of human integrity and have value-worldview attitudes as real prerequisites. In the new ethics, the fundamental principles of two historically established systems - individualism and conciliarism (collectivism) are considered in the form of complement, not contradictory. We are only talking about their ratio and the degree of demand. At the same time, the state and society, and not “personal law”, are of decisive importance.
2
Battakhov, P. P. MAIN PROVISIONS OF SOCIAL ENTERPRISE IN RUSSIA. DOICODE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/2276-6598-2020-58823.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article discusses the concept of the social orientation of activity and the entrepreneurial approach at the level of the Russian Federation, including a number of aspects of the legal regulation of public relations between organizations of state power and social entrepreneurs. The main problem of the study is the study of the sequence of the assignment of the status of a social enterprise by the authorities Russia at the federal level. Currently, the question is being raised about the adoption of a separate federal legislative act "On the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Russian Federation." The introduction of the relevant law is necessary, since the reasons are the basis for the inevitability of consideration of public problems and the adoption of relevant official documents in all regions of the Russian Federation.
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LEONOV, T. M., V. M. BOLSHAKOVA, and P. YU NAUMOV. THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF PROVIDING MEDICAL ASSISTANCE TO EMPLOYEES OF THE MILITARY PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2576-9634-2021-5-4-12.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The work is devoted to a comprehensive study of medical support, incl. sanatorium-resort treatment of employees of the military prosecutor’s office and members of their families (persons who are dependent on them). It is noted that health care is structurally included in services that, in addition to cash payments and benefits in kind, represent the entire social security system. The main attention in the article is focused on the analysis of the normative legal regulation of the health protection of employees of the military prosecutor’s office, as well as the provision of medical assistance to them (prophylactic medical examination, medical examination, military medical examination, medical and psychological rehabilitation, sanatorium treatment, reimbursement of expenses for drugs and treatment) of proper quality and in the required volume. The key scientific results of the study are the generalization of legal information and scientific knowledge about the procedure for providing medical assistance to employees of the military prosecutor’s office. The main scientific results of the article can be applied to organize training in the discipline «Military law and military legislation». The article will be of interest to persons conducting scientific research on the problems of social protection of servicemen and their families.
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TARAKANOVA, V., A. ROMANENKO, and T. TROITSKAYA. FACTORS AND RISKS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF THE CITIES OF THE MOSCOW REGION. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2022-14-2-2-19-29.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this paper it’s the first time the authors have reviewed linguistic literature (2008-2022) devoted to the problem of literary and electronic hypertext. The purpose of the paper is to review linguistic literature and identify the current state of the problem of literary and electronic hypertext. Materials and methods. On the basis of this purpose we reviewed 42 scientific papers published in 2008-2022 and representing the results of linguistic research of literary and electronic hypertext. For our study we used an analytical and descriptive method, which is traditional for linguistics and allows us to solve the tasks set in our paper. Results. A review of linguistic papers has shown that hypertext is a relevant subject of linguistic research. Scientists propose various definitions of this concept; consider it as a “special information and communication environment”. Many studies are devoted to literary (fiction and non-fiction) hypertext, however, a much larger number of papers are devoted to various aspects of electronic hypertext, including electronic fiction hypertext and electronic hypertext of some genres (news genres, online advertising, social network and online diary community as well as websites). We consider that it is the electronic environment where hypertext is implemented in all its functions. Practical implications. The results of the study can be used as a theoretical basis for further theoretical and practical study of various aspects of literary and electronic hypertext.
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Perrault, Anne, and Stephen Leonard. The Green Climate Fund: Accomplishing a Paradigm Shift? Rights and Resources Initiative, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/mkmz2578.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Green Climate Fund (GCF), established in 2010 at the 16th Conference of Parties (COP16) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), is now the world’s largest climate financing institution. It has a current investment portfolio of 43 approved projects totaling around US$2 billion, and has 48 Accredited Entities (AEs) to support implementation, including UN agencies, banks, NGOs, and private companies. Through its investments, the GCF aims to achieve a paradigm shift in developing countries, toward low-emissions development and climate resilience. GCF investments must indicate whether and how they could impact Indigenous Peoples, local communities, and women who are most at risk from the adverse effects of climate change (e.g. via environmental and social management plans). These goals, however, are currently being challenged by inadequacies in the Fund’s policies and frameworks. GCF safeguards fail to recognize the critical contributions of rural peoples to the maintenance of ecosystem services that are essential to international climate and development objectives, and to offer adequate protection for their land and resource rights. Drawing on international standards and GCF policy documents, this report traces the adequacy and implementation effectiveness of the Fund’s current institutional frameworks across a representative sample of approved projects. Noting critical gaps in nearly every aspect of the Fund’s operational modalities and project approval processes, the report calls on the GCF to take progressive steps to make Indigenous Peoples’ and local communities’ rights a key part of its climate actions going forward.
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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings: Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed. Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role. Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory. Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.
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Barquet, Karina, Elin Leander, Jonathan Green, et al. Spotlight on social equity, finance and scale: Promises and pitfalls of nature-based solutions. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.011.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Human activity has modified and deteriorated natural ecosystems in ways that reduce resilience and exacerbate environmental and climate problems. Physical measures to protect, manage and restore these ecosystems that also address societal challenges in sustainable ways and bring biodiversity benefits are sometimes referred to as “nature-based solutions” (NBS). For example, reducing deforestation and restoring forests is a major opportunity for climate mitigation, while protecting or restoring coastal habitats can mitigate damage to coastal areas from natural hazard events, in addition to potentially providing co-benefits related to livelihood, recreation, and biodiversity. There is now an impetus to shift towards greater deployment of nature-based solutions. Not only do they offer an alternative to conventional fossil fuel-based or hard infrastructure solutions but, if implemented correctly, they also hold great promise for achieving multiple goals, benefits and synergies. These include climate mitigation and resilience; nature and biodiversity protection; and economic and social gains. 2020 saw an explosion in publications about NBS, which have contributed to filling many of the knowledge gaps that existed around their effectiveness and factors for their success. These publications have also highlighted the knowledge gaps that remain and have revealed a lack of critical reflection on the social and economic sustainability aspects of NBS. Building on these gaps, we decided to launch this mini-series of four briefs to provoke a more nuanced discussion that highlights not only the potential benefits, but also the potential risks and trade-offs of NBS. The purpose is not to downplay the importance of NBS for biodiversity, ecosystems, and coastal mitigation and adaptation, but to ensure that we establish a dialogue about ways to overcome these challenges while leaving no one behind.
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Carrera-Marquis, Daniela, Franklin Espiga, and Trevor Johnson. Open configuration options IDB Dala Assessments: Synthesis: Joaquin, Matthew, Irma and Dorian. Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004232.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Hurricanes Joaquin, Matthew, Irma, and Dorian have left indelible marks on the Bahamian landscape. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), in cooperation with ECLAC, has conducted Damage and Loss Assessments (DaLA) following each of the events mentioned above, measuring their economic, social, and environmental impacts on the Bahamas. This infographic synthesizes the findings and key aspects of the effects and damage assessments and the reports of these four events.
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Huynh, Diana N., and Johannes Lidmo. Nordic overview of national support initiatives in urban planning. Nordregio, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/pb2022:7.2001-3876.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Nordic countries share many cross-sectoral targets at the national level to meet ambitious environmental, social, sustainable, and innovative development goals and targets. However, in the context of spatial planning, central governments in the Nordic countries often have limited ability to influence local and regional level priorities. As the Nordic region seeks a greener, more competitive, and socially sustainable future, understanding the diversity of ongoing national interventions and mechanisms in local and regional land use and spatial planning is needed. The focus on Nordic national support initiatives is therefore to understand both the regulative and national support aspects (top-down) and the actual needs (bottom-up) to achieve national cross-sectoral targets as these relate to green and inclusive urban development. This policy brief presents a mapping of the relevant initiatives across the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden).
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Narvaez, Liliana, and Caitlyn Eberle. Technical Report: Southern Madagascar food insecurity. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/jvwr3574.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Southern Madagascar’s worst drought in 40 years had devastating cumulative effects on harvest and livelihoods. On top of this, frequent sandstorms and pest infestations have led to severe stress on vegetation triggering a drastic decline in rice, maize and cassava production. These environmental aspects, combined with a lack of livelihood diversification and ongoing poverty, the presence of cattle raiders and restrictive government decisions, have driven the population of southern Madagascar to acute food insecurity conditions. By December 2021, more than 1.6 million people were estimated to have been suffering high levels of food insecurity. This case is an example of how multiple, complex environmental and social factors can combine to trigger a profound crisis in a territory, where vulnerable groups, such as children under five, tend to be particularly affected. Environmental degradation, together with socioeconomic and political dynamics are leaving vulnerable people even more exposed to food crises with few livelihood options or safety nets to cope with disasters. This technical background report for the 2021/2022 edition of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses the root causes, drivers, impacts and potential solutions for the Southern Madagascar food insecurity through a forensic analysis of academic literature, media articles and expert interviews.