Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Environmental law – Economic aspects – Poland »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Environmental law – Economic aspects – Poland"
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Adamowicz, Magdalena, et Jakub Puszkarski. « Legal aspects of sustainable development of seaports in Poland ». SHS Web of Conferences 57 (2018) : 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185701001.
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Sea ports are the driving force behind economic development. If ports operate efficiently and in conditions that support growth, the entire national economy gains. However, ports facing barriers and a scarcity of favourable factors have a negative impact on a country’s economy. In terms of sustainable development, it does not suffice to increase the economic potential of ports; it is also necessary to strive for balance between social and environmental interests, so that the sea may provide for everyone, including the future generations. It is important to enable ports to operate in such a way as not to stunt their competitiveness but to allow for development without disrupting the social and economic balance. The aim of this article is to investigate whether the existing legal instruments in the field of sustainable development of ports match the specific profile of ports as entities and whether the assumptions for sustainable development work well in practice. The article contains an analysis and assessment of legal regulations concerning sustainable development of sea ports. Selected legal instruments with direct or indirect impact on the formation of the sustainable development policy for Polish sea ports have been analysed at the global, European and national levels. Reference has been made to regulations related both to hard law and soft law. The article draws special attention to a balance between social, economic and environmental interests as a foundation for sustainable development.
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Adamus, Rafał. « Polish Draft Law on “Family Foundations” ». Societas et Iurisprudentia 10, no 1 (2022) : 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31262/1339-5467/2022/10/1/19-35.
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This study concerns on the Draft Act on Family Foundations. This draft law is still in the course of legislative works, but it constitutes the basis for a lively discussion in Poland on its final structure. This paper presents the general concept of regulating family foundations in Poland with the most important aspects of the private-legal structure. The model relating to tax solutions remains beyond the scope of this text. The Bill on Family Foundations has a symbolic dimension, because if the legislator intends to implement it, it means that the development of economic relations in Poland has reached an appropriate high level.
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Adamus, Rafał. « Polish Draft Law on “Family Foundations” ». Societas et Iurisprudentia 10, no 1 (2022) : 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31262/1339-5467/2021/10/1/19-35.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study concerns on the Draft Act on Family Foundations. This draft law is still in the course of legislative works, but it constitutes the basis for a lively discussion in Poland on its final structure. This paper presents the general concept of regulating family foundations in Poland with the most important aspects of the private-legal structure. The model relating to tax solutions remains beyond the scope of this text. The Bill on Family Foundations has a symbolic dimension, because if the legislator intends to implement it, it means that the development of economic relations in Poland has reached an appropriate high level.
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Karczmarczyk, Agnieszka, et Józef Mosiej. « ASPECTS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT ON SHORT ROTATION PLANTATIONS (SRP) IN POLAND ». JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 15, no 3 (30 septembre 2007) : 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2007.9636927.
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The use of wastewater on short rotation plantations (SRP) can be an effective way of wastewater treatment as well as a source of water and nutrients for growing plants. Wastewater nutrient reusing is necessary, especially in the case of nutrients which come from non‐renewable resources, as phosphorus. The production of mineral fertilisers is usually a resource‐consuming and energy‐consuming process. Nutrient removal from wastewater in conventional wastewater treatment technologies is also energy‐consuming and expensive. That's why the reuse of nutrients from the waste streams is very important from both economic and environmental point of view. Taking into consideration climatic conditions (annual precipitation, temperature, length of vegetation period), environmental goals (concerning reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, increase of share of renewable energy in total energy production and protection of water resources) and other social and economic aspects, there is a large potential of fast‐growing plant species development in Poland. To obtain high and stable energy biomass production, irrigation and fertilisation will be needed, what in simple and low‐cost way, can be realised by irrigation with wastewater.
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Drożdż, Wojciech, Filip Elżanowski, Jakub Dowejko et Bartosz Brożyński. « Hydrogen Technology on the Polish Electromobility Market. Legal, Economic, and Social Aspects ». Energies 14, no 9 (21 avril 2021) : 2357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092357.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the motorization market of electric vehicles powered by hydrogen cells in Poland. European conditions of such technology were indicated, as well as original proposals on amendments to the law to increase the development pace of electromobility based on hydrogen cells. There were also presented economic aspects of this economic phenomenon. Moreover, survey research was conducted to examine the preferences of hydrogen and electric vehicle users in 5 primary Polish cities. In this way, the level of social acceptance for the technological revolution based on hydrogen cells and taking place in the motorization sector was determined.
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Wichowska, Anna. « Economic Aspects of Shrinking Cities in Poland in the Context of Regional Sustainable Development ». Sustainability 13, no 6 (12 mars 2021) : 3104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063104.
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Two trends are observed in contemporary cities around the world: whereas some urban areas develop rapidly and experience population growth, a steady population decline is noted in other cities. Demographic changes in urban areas are also accompanied by economic changes. These changes constitute a very serious challenge for sustainable regional growth. However, these problems have not been sufficiently investigated to date, including in Poland. The aim of this study was to identify shrinking cities in Poland and the phenomena that are related to the economic aspects of urban shrinkage in Poland. Empirical research relied on analysis of the population growth rate in Polish urban municipalities, and the phenomena related to the economic aspects of urban shrinkage were identified by multiple linear regression analysis. The period of research was 2003–2019. Thirty-three Polish cities experienced a steady population decline. The economic phenomena related to urban shrinkage included changes in own-source revenues, proportions of government transfers in municipal budgets, unemployment, migration, municipal spending on education, transport, communications, and social welfare. Population decline was not related to changes in the age-dependency ratio, public spending on housing, the number of companies, or the number of vacant homes in cities. The research results can be a source of important information for regional sustainable growth policies used not only in cities and regions in Poland, but also in other Central and Eastern European countries where this phenomenon occurs.
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Markowska-Przybyła, Urszula, et David M. Ramsey. « Social Capital and Long-Term Regional Development within Poland in the Light of Experimental Economics and Data from a Questionnaire ». Sustainability 10, no 9 (23 août 2018) : 3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093000.
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For some time, researchers have been interested in determinants of long-term growth which are not purely economic in nature. The development of the concept of social capital by sociologists, politologists and economists is a visible effect of this interest. Any determinant of long-term growth is obviously important from the point of view of sustainability, particularly when its relation to other factors of sustainability, such as environmental protection, is taken into account. This article presents the results of research into spatial variation in social capital within Poland (according to region and size of home town). The authors consider social capital in relation to trust, trustworthiness and, in particular, cooperation, as well as taking into account attitudes regarding legal norms (law-abidingness). Such a wide approach enables us to eliminate the negative aspects of trust and concentrate on its positive forms, which can result in an economic rent. The aim of the article is to identify regions of Poland that are characterized by a high level of social capital from the point of view of individuals exhibiting a willingness to cooperate with others and observe the law and relate these results with the perspectives for long-term growth in Poland. The results of the research are based on a study carried out on a sample of 1540 students using experimental game theory alongside a questionnaire that investigated various aspects of cooperation, trust, trustworthiness and aversion to inequality. The results of the study indicate intuitively reasonable associations between the data from the questionnaire and behaviour in the experimental games suggesting that the declarations are (in statistical terms) meaningful. Analysis indicates that, in Poland, readiness to cooperate tends to be higher in rural areas. Although the study concentrates on the relation between social capital and economic development, it is also argued that high levels of social capital also favour other components of sustainable development.
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Marszelewski, Michal, et Adam Piasecki. « Toward to “Green Deal” Legal and Natural Aspects of the Development of Small Hydropower Plants - The Example of Poland ». International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no 4 (19 juillet 2022) : 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13078.
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The article contains a legal-environmental analysis covering the development and operational aspects of small hydropower plants (SHPs) in Poland. From legal perspective, the paper presents conditions that have to be met during the investment process. It was shown that such a process is highly formalized. The need to protect the water and the environment results in necessity to obtain various administration decisions like water permits or decision on environmental conditions. Second discussed law-related field is the support system. In Poland there are three categories of SHPs support system: green certificates, auction system and feed-in tariff (FIT) or feed-in premium (FIP) system. The last one is the most optimal for SHPs and significantly helps to make them profitable. Moving on to an environmental perspective, Polish topography is relatively unfavorable for SHPs because of water resources and significant part of flat lowlands. Taking into account that SHP may have a visible impact on ecosystems and – in most cases – are localized and managed by private entities, it is crucial to use the SHPs potential in Poland as effective as possible. Conducted analysis also shown the legal regulation should be changed to more friendly for SHPs operators.
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Lam, Joanna, et Rui Guo. « Investor Obligations in Special Economic Zones : Legal Status, Typology, and Functional Analysis ». Journal of International Economic Law 24, no 2 (16 avril 2021) : 321–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgab011.
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ABSTRACT The article discusses various types of investor obligations in special economic zones and examines how they are utilized as instruments for devising development policies. It presents the evolution of regulatory models and practices related to investor obligations in the context of the unilateral character of the legal framework of the zones. The article distinguishes between two types of investor obligations. The first includes commitments focused on quantifiable aspects of economic performance of the investor in the host country, such as the maintenance of a pre-determined level of investment or the creation of a specific number of jobs. The second category of investor obligations is those containing qualitative goals that contribute to the host country’s developmental objectives, such as workforce welfare commitments, environmental standards, and technology transfers. Case studies of Shenzhen, Poland, and Tanzania are analysed to demonstrate how relevant regulatory practices have evolved over time. The case studies are drawn from three different phases of the global proliferation of special economic zones and reflect the regional diversity of the zones.
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Adamowicz, Mieczysław. « COVID-19 Pandemic as a Change Factor in the Labour Market in Poland ». Sustainability 14, no 15 (27 juillet 2022) : 9197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159197.
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The COVID-19 pandemic started in late 2019 in China. and At the beginning of 2020 it spread to all countries of the world, causing damage in all aspects of economic and social lives, including the labour market. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labour market throughout its course so far has become an important topic of research in various countries, including Poland. Research is conducted in four main areas concerning: the situation of employees and employers on the labour market; unemployment and professional activity; remote work; and anti-crisis measures undertaken by the state. The paper refers to all these aspects of the labour market in Poland, in some cases against the background of other countries. Based on the source literature, the pandemic is presented from different perspectives: as a cause of the global crisis; the implications of the pandemic on the labour market; its impact on employers and employees and on the economy and society more broadly; government programmes aimed at preventing and combating the pandemic in the form of so-called anti-crisis shields and financial shields; and the spread of remote work and its effects. The paper also presents the results of its own survey research on a sample of 170 respondents, representing people active in the labour market in April 2022. The pandemic has caused disruptive, immediate and long-term effects on the labour market in Poland. The anti-crisis policy of the state mitigated quite effectively the negative economic and social effects, noticeably more so and additionally more appreciated by employers than by employees. The case of Poland, where broad anti-pandemic and anti-crisis measures were undertaken, may be partly applicable to other, mainly European, countries. Further research on the crisis resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic in different aspects of socio-economic areas in national and international economies are recommended. The pandemic, in causing a general economic crisis, has left a permanent mark on the labour market in Poland, which will be structurally important for its functioning in the future.
Thèses sur le sujet "Environmental law – Economic aspects – Poland"
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Bial, Joseph J. 1969. « Theoretical and empirical examination of decentralized environmental regulation ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191225.
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This dissertation closely examines the merits, weaknesses, and potential of decentralized environmental regulation. I examine three areas of particular concern in the structure of environmental regulation. In the first chapter, I examine how information problems resulting from incorrectly specified atmospheric models are likely to affect economic efficiency in a permit market. While permit markets have been heralded as a promising solution for controlling environmentally damaging emissions, there is no formal research linking the atmospheric model, which directly affects permit prices, with economic outcomes. In the chapter, I develop a generalized theoretical model that demonstrates the problems that are likely to arise when there is uncertainty in the underlying atmospheric parameter estimates. As it turns out, permit markets operating with incorrectly specified atmospheric models may result in large losses in economic efficiency, even if the permit market is operating ideally in an economic sense. The second chapter analyzes a much broader issue, that of state versus federal environmental regulation. The chapter focuses on the methods used by states attempting to control interstate water pollution in the Ohio Valley in the early 1900s. The time period was chosen to predate federal intervention into environmental regulation and, hence, allows for a clean test of how states might be expected to address difficult pollution problems under a system of state regulation. Using a simple game theoretic model, the paper explores interstate water pollution control compacts and their uses in addressing interstate water pollution. I find that states were able to overcome significant bargaining difficulties in formulating the compacts, which ultimately led to effective control of interstate water pollution. The final chapter focuses on voluntary overcompliance by firms facing environmental standards. The paper models environmental regulation according to the EPA's Best Available Control Technology (BACT). The model predicts voluntary overcompliance by firms as they attempt to raise the (endogenous) environmental standard and, in the process, raise their rivals' costs. The paper also demonstrates the merits of nonuniform environmental standards. In attempting to elicit efficient levels of R&D investment, the regulatory authority may discourage socially wasteful overinvestment in pollution technology through the use of nonuniform standards.
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Yeukai, Chandaengerwa. « Trade promotion vs the environment : Inevitable conflict ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This study unveiled the trade-environment debate which has been revolving in the World Trade Organization for quite a long time now. While economic integration and trade liberalization offer the promise of growth and prosperity, environmentalists fear that free trade will lead to increased pollution and resource depletion. On the other hand, free traders worry that over-reaching environmental policies will obstruct efforts to open markets and integrate economies around the world. Trade liberalization has the potential to affect the environment both positively and negatively. Trade and environment tensions have therefore emerged as a major issue in the debate over globalisation. This paper examined the contours of these tensions and argued that trade policy and environmental programs can be better integrated and made more mutually supportive.
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Zhou, Jia Lei. « EU water law : the right balance between environmental and economic considerations ? » Thesis, University of Macau, 2005. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1637070.
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Duruigbo, Emeka Alexander. « Environmental aspects of international oil trade and shipping, business ethics and economic cooperation as compliance tools in international law ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0001/MQ34443.pdf.
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Wu, Jun Ye. « A study of contemporary issues of conflict between trade liberalization and protection of the environment with a specific reference to the position of developing and least developed contries ». Thesis, University of Macau, 2005. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1637068.
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Yuen, Wai-ip Edmond, et 袁偉業. « Polluter pays principle laws in Hong Kong ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253623.
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Tlhapane, Keatlaretse Kefilwe. « A case study exploring the level of awareness of NCP Chlorchem's staff of environmental costs associated with hazardous waste ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015639.
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[Integrative executive summary] NCP Chlorchem (Pty) Ltd manufactures and distributes Chlor alkali products such as chlorine, hydrochloric acid, caustic soda flakes, etc. and in the process generates both hazardous and general waste. Following changes in South African waste management legislation in 2011, the organisation’s waste service provider had to increase the costs associated with the handling of site’s hazardous waste. Top management of NCP Chlorchem (Pty) Ltd requested a meeting with the waste service provider in order to establish the reasons behind the price increase. In that meeting, which the researcher attended, the waste service provider explained the changes in waste legislation and how it was going to impact on their business. Top management understood the reasons behind the price increase; however, they requested the waste service provider to review the price increase. The waste service provider gave the top management of NCP Chlorchem (Pty) Ltd assurance that they were going to discuss the price reduction request with their own senior management and would provide feedback. The researcher did not participate in the feedback meetings; however, to this day, NCP Chlorchem (Pty) Ltd still uses the services of the same waste service provider. The effect the escalating annual waste handling costs has had on NCP Chlorchem (Pty) Ltd’s management team led to the study. Environmental impacts have costs that directly impact on company’s bottom line, such as the costs associated with the generation of waste. Although environmental costs are only one of the many costs incurred by businesses, they deserve management’s attention. According to Jasch (2003), there is an apparent lack of awareness and understanding of the magnitude of the environmental costs generated by organisations, and many opportunities for cost savings through good environmental management are lost. However, using a relatively new tool in environmental management, that is, environmental management accounting (EMA), management would ensure that relevant and significant environmental costs are considered when making business decisions (Jasch, 2003). The main purpose of the thesis is to explore the level of awareness of environmental costs associated with hazardous waste within NCP Chlorchem (Pty) Ltd. In order to carry out the study, literature about environmental and cost accounting as well as literature on waste management was reviewed. Questionnaires were distributed to staff members, and meetings were held with different senior personnel. This case study seeks to answer the following questions: What is NCP Chlorchem (Pty) Ltd’s staff members’ level of understanding of waste management? What is the level of awareness of NCP Chlorchem (Pty) Ltd’s staff of environmental costs with regard to the generation, handling, transportation and disposal of hazardous waste? How can the current traditional accounting within the organisation be integrated with environmental management accounting? The findings of the first research objective revealed that staff members knew the site’s waste streams as per the South African legal definition of waste and as identified in the site’s environmental management system documentation. The conceptual approach to waste management is underpinned by the waste hierarchy. The respondents support the waste hierarchy in its approach to waste management, which is prevention of waste, reduction, reuse, recycle and safe disposal of waste as the last resort. Lack of awareness of environmental management, among other things, was cited as the cause of waste. In addition to that, the respondents believe the waste hierarchy can be achieved by employing recycling facilities, following procedures and by carrying out environmental awareness campaigns. Improving process design and control and including changes in raw material was cited, among other things, as the respondents’ perception on how waste can be reduced. The findings of the respondents’ understanding of waste hierarchy revealed that staff members understood waste management. The respondents cited the impacts of waste on the business as financial impact on the business, impact on their bonuses, and possible loss of business. In relation to the second research objective, it was found that staff members knew the hazardous waste streams and identified amongst other waste, sludge and chlorine emissions as NCP Chlorchem (Pty) Ltd’s hazardous waste. However, with regard to environmental management accounting data, an average of 55.1% of respondents were not familiar with the physical and monetary components of EMA. An average of 19.6% of respondents who were aware of EMA might have been senior personnel. It could further be established that those who were familiar with EMA information were actually working with the data, either for reporting purposes, or for employing waste minimisation strategies, as well as awareness purposes, to their juniors. On average, 80% of the respondents perceived the production department as the area within site that has the EMA information.
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Weschenfelder, Paulo Natalício. « O direito constitucional de todos ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado e sua força normativa para a construção de uma cultura de equilíbrio ambiental no Brasil ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2010. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/560.
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Trata-se de estudo da força normativa do direito constitucional de todos ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado para a construção de uma cultura de equilíbrio ambiental no Brasil, integrante da linha de pesquisa Direito Ambiental e Novos Direitos, área de concentração Direito Ambiental e Sociedade, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, nível de Mestrado acadêmico, da Universidade de Caxias do Sul (Brasil). O meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, que é direito transindividual, é bem de uso comum do povo e essencial à sadia qualidade de vida, incumbindo ao Poder Público e da coletividade o dever de defendê-lo e preservá-lo para as presentes e futuras gerações. O novo paradigma constitucional do direito de propriedade privada condiciona o exercício do domínio à função social e à função ambiental da propriedade. Por isso, o Estado não mais defende qualquer propriedade, mas aquela que cumpre a sua função social e ambiental. A democracia participativa ambiental, por meio de seus vários instrumentos, garante às cidadãs e aos cidadãos a participação ativa na construção de uma cultura de equilíbrio ambiental no Brasil. A educação ambiental tem especial importância para criar em todos os partícipes da vida nacional a consciência da vontade de Constituição. A informação ambiental completa a educação ambiental. Tendo presente os pressupostos da força normativa da Constituição (Konrad Hesse), o estudo constata que, quanto ao conteúdo, a Constituição é atual, e quanto à práxis, o direito constitucional de todos ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado está tendo força normativa para a construção de uma cultura de equilíbrio ambiental no Brasil.Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-06-03T18:03:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Paulo Natalicio Weschenfelder.pdf: 1244233 bytes, checksum: bb6b7d4352b1bbe5ba0e65055e354b37 (MD5)
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This is a study of the normative force of everyone´s constitutional right to an ecologically balanced environment in order to build a culture of environmental balance in Brazil, belonging to Environmental Law and New Rights research line, main field Enviromental and Social Law, of Post-Graduate Program in Law, for Master degree obtention, University of Caxias do Sul (Brazil). The ecologically balanced environment, which is a transindividual right, is a people´s common use and essential to a healthy quality of life, commissioning the Government and the collectivity to defend it and preserve it for the current and future generations. The new constitutional right to private property paradigm affects the exercise on the field of the social function and environmental function of the property. Therefore, the State no longer maintains any property, but one that fulfills its social and environmental function. Environmental participatory democracy, through its various instruments, guarantees to citizens the right to participate actively in building a culture of environmental balance in Brazil. Environmental education has particular importance for all participants in the national life consciousness of the will of the Constitution. Environmental information completes environmental education. Bearing in mind the assumptions of the normative force of the Constitution (Konrad Hesse), the study notes that, in substance, the Constitution is modern, and what about práxis, the everyone´s constitutional right to an ecologically balanced environment is having normative force for building a culture of environmental balance in Brazil.
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Silveira, Thaís Alves da. « Atividades de dragagem no Porto do Rio Grande/RS : proteção ambiental no âmbito da política deliberativa ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2016. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/1642.
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As dragagens no Porto do Rio Grande / RS são consideradas potencialmente poluidoras e geram uma crescente instabilidade nos ecossistemas, costeiro e marinho da região, devido à complexidade para efetivar o seu procedimento. Por outro lado, desempenham importante papel para a expansão do setor portuário, o qual contribui intensamente com o crescimento econômico do país. Apesar da existência de uma ampla legislação que versa sobre a proteção ao meio ambiente nas áreas portuárias, ainda são visualizados inúmeros problemas ambientais nessa seara. Diante o fato, esta dissertação responde ao seguinte problema: A aplicação da política deliberativa é a melhor proposta para amenizar as problemáticas ambientais decorrentes das atividades de dragagem no Porto do Rio Grande/RS? O método hipotético-dedutivo foi o abordado. A ênfase foi à analítica, através de levantamento documental com base em fontes legislativas e documentos em geral. O foco principal através da pesquisa bibliográfica foi de selecionar publicações sobre o tema, tais como: livros, artigos científicos e um aprofundamento maior nos autores já utilizados na pesquisa. Como resultado, percebeu-se a necessidade do despertar de uma cidadania ativa em prol da proteção ambiental como a melhor forma para reverter os modelos impostos pelo sistema capitalista, o qual fracassou em sua promessa de vincular crescimento econômico e a proteção da natureza. Portanto, a criação das normas deve ser objeto de deliberação para que seu alcance não abarque apenas os interesses de uma minoria que detêm o poder.Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2017-02-16T17:30:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Thais Alves da Silveira.pdf: 1991006 bytes, checksum: 17919b09c347d1053ba01d5781079510 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-16T17:30:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Thais Alves da Silveira.pdf: 1991006 bytes, checksum: 17919b09c347d1053ba01d5781079510 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-16
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES.
The dredging of Rio Grande/RS Port is considered potentially polluting and generate an increased instability on coastal and marine ecosystems in the region due to the complexity to perform its procedure. On the other hand, it plays an important role in the expansion of the sector, which strongly contributes to the economic growth of the country. Despite the existence of a wide legislation, that deals with the protection of the environment in port areas, there are still displayed numerous problems about that topic. For that reason, this dissertation aimed at answering the following problem: Is the application of deliberative politics the best approach to mitigate the environmental problems arising from dredging activities in the Port of Rio Grande / RS? The hypothetical-deductive method was approached. The emphasis was analytical, through documentary review based on legislative sources and documents in general. The main focus through the literature research was to select publications on the subject, such as books, papers with a greater deepening in the most important authors used in this research. As a result, it was cognized that the awakening of an active citizenship in favor of environmental protection is required as the best way to reverse the models imposed by the capitalist system, which failed in its promise to link economic growth and the protection of nature. Therefore, the creation of the standards should be the deliberation subject so that its scope encompasses not only the stakes of a minority in power.
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Silveira, Gilberto Borges da. « Pagamento por serviços ambientais para conservação de áreas protegidas particulares ». Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1170.
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O interesse sobre Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais (PSA) deve-se à possibilidade de conciliar os interesses econômicos da propriedade rural com a conservação ambiental, conforme previsto em recentes legislações. Desde a instituição do Código Florestal pela Lei n.º 4.771/1965, o Brasil adota a Reserva Legal e a Área de Preservação Permanente (APP) como mecanismos de manutenção de áreas protegidas particulares. Pela Constituição Brasileira de 1988, a exploração de propriedades rurais está condicionada à responsabilidade socioambiental, que visa garantir a preservação dos recursos naturais para a manutenção das condições ambientais de interesse de toda a sociedade. Buscando conciliar o interesse particular dos produtores aos interesses sociais da qualidade ambiental, o Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais (PSA), contemplado nas recentes legislações federais e estaduais, visa integrar interesses econômicos e ambientais. A Lei n.º 12.651/2012, que alterou o Código Florestal, previu instrumentos econômicos para gerar incentivos e ampliar a atratividade em manter áreas protegidas em propriedades particulares, mediante valoração dos recursos naturais. No Paraná, foi sancionada a Lei n.º 17.134/2012, que instituiu o Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais. Essas leis ainda carecem de regulamentos e mecanismos operacionais para sua efetiva implementação, sendo propósito deste trabalho verificar as possibilidades e limitações do PSA na conservação de áreas protegidas particulares, mediante revisão bibliográfica sobre PSA e análise de políticas ambientais de proteção de áreas adotadas no Paraná, complementadas por entrevistas com técnicos que trabalharam com essas políticas. O objetivo do trabalho é sugerir mecanismos para que esses instrumentos de política pública efetivamente incentivem os produtores a manterem áreas protegidas e sejam capazes de despertar o interesse de agentes usuários nos serviços ambientais, mediante estabelecimento de condutas e regulamentos legais.Environmental Service Payment (Pagamento por Serviço Ambiental - PSA) is addressed to meet the need of conciliating rural property economic interests and environment conservation, according to the new environment laws. Since Law n. 4771/1965 established the Forestry Code, Brazil uses the natural resources’ Legal Reserves and Permanent Preservation Areas (Área de Preservação Permanente- APP) as mechanisms to help maintaining private protected areas preserved. As provided in the Brazilian Constitution of 1988, rural property exploration is subjected to socio-environmental liabilities in order to assure the preservation of natural resources and maintain ideal environmental conditions in behalf of the society interests. The Environmental Service Payment, in force both at Federal and State levels, seeks the conciliation between the producer private interest and the environment quality social interests. Law n. 12651/2012, which changed the Forestry Code, provides economic tools addressed to encourage rural property owners to maintain protected areas within their private properties through increasing the natural resources value. In the State of Paraná, Law n. 17134/2012 established the Environmental Service Payment. The aforementioned laws need rules, regulations and operation tools to be effectively implemented. The present work aims at checking the Environmental Service Payment possibilities and limitations concerning private protected area conservation in the State of Paraná through carrying out a bibliographic review and analyzing the environment protection policies, besides interviewing technicians who work with such policies. Our work objective is also to suggest mechanisms able to effectively encourage rural producers to maintain and protect natural areas, as well as to arouse the environmental user interest by establishing legal behaviors and rules.
Livres sur le sujet "Environmental law – Economic aspects – Poland"
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Gordon, Hughes. Poland : Complying with EU environmental legislation. Washington, D.C : World Bank, 1999.
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Waste management in Poland and Germany : Economic and legal aspects of waste management and their impact on cooperation at national and business level. Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 1997.
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Piotr, Jasiński, et Lawton Smith Helen, dir. Environmental regulation in transforming economies : The case of Poland. Aldershot, Hants, England : Ashgate, 1999.
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Śleszyński, Jerzy. A survey of research on the costs of environmental damages in Poland. Warsaw : Olympus Centre for Education and Business Development, 1995.
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Kazimierz, Górka, et Akademia Ekonomiczna w. Krakowie, dir. Environmental and economic aspects of the industrial development in Poland : Selected papers. Kraków : [Cracow Academy of Economics], 1991.
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E, Boyle Alan, et Oxford Law Colloquium (1st : 1991), dir. Environmental regulation and economic growth. Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1994.
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Klaus, Bosselmann, et Richardson Benjamin J, dir. Environmental justice and market mechanisms : Key challenges for environmental law and policy. Hague : Kluwer Law, 1999.
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Law and Economics of the Environment (1995 Oslo, Norway). Law and economics of the environment. Oslo : Juridisk Forlag, 1996.
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Revesz, Richard L. Environmental law and policy. Cambridge, Mass : National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.
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Revesz, Richard L. Environmental law and policy. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Environmental law – Economic aspects – Poland"
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Żukowski, M. « Energetic, economic and environmental aspects of increasing the thickness of thermal insulation of district heating pipelines ». Dans Advances in Environmental Engineering Research in Poland, 223–34. London : Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003171669-22.
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Guzowski, Piotr. « Eastward Migration in European History : The Interplay of Economic and Environmental Opportunities ». Dans Perspectives on Public Policy in Societal-Environmental Crises, 325–32. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94137-6_21.
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AbstractDuring the preindustrial era one of the major migration waves headed eastward to Eastern Europe, where scores of migrants, in their pursuit of happiness, hoped to fulfil their dreams, have their own farm or set up a company, achieve a higher social status, and benefit from religious freedom and tolerance. The first wave of migration was connected with German colonization and the establishment of settlements following the German law. The alluringly large expanses of “pristine” land, together with tax privileges and the prospects of relative autonomy, attracted scores of bold, enterprising and hard-working settlers to relocate to the East. Most of them were peasants and townsfolk from the German states and the Netherlands, but there were also Jews escaping discrimination in Western Europe as well as West-European Protestants and Catholics attracted by religious tolerance in the East. Prospects of freedom and economic success encouraged them all to choose Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as their second homeland.
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Montiel Vargas, Ana. « B Lab and the Process of Certificating B Corps ». Dans The International Handbook of Social Enterprise Law, 281–99. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14216-1_13.
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AbstractThe objective of this study is to analyze certain aspects of certified B Corporations (known as B Corps), a type of company that orients its activity toward the achievement of objectives that transcend economic ones. These companies are part of the “B movement,” promoted by B Lab, which is a non-profit organization that certifies the social and environmental impact of these entities with its own measurement system. This study introduces this business phenomenon and explores the origin, evolution, and expansion of B Corps in different countries worldwide. Additionally, it examines the process of obtaining certification as a B Corp by measuring the impact on different stakeholders: the government, workers, community, environment, and clients. Finally, different aspects of notable interest in the legal terms of this private certification are highlighted.
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Wesołowska, Judyta, Małgorzata Mirecka et Tomasz Majda. « The Evolution of the Planning System in Poland from Sectoral to Integrated Strategic Planning ». Dans Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions, 225–37. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57764-3_15.
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AbstractThe paper focuses on the evolution of the planning system in Poland. Its purpose is to show the evolution from short-term planning, subordinated to the requirements of the country’s economic development, to a long-term planning system, integrating various aspects of development—spatial, natural, economic, and social, taking place over the last century. The process described in the paper was largely conditioned by historical events, and the poor economic situation of the country in the post-war period and the changes taking place in the political system. The need for rapid economic development of the country dominated the planning of the interwar period (1920s and 1930s) and post-war period (1950s to 1970s), although the economic, social, and natural conditions were taken into account in 1930s spatial planning. The most complete representation of spatial integration of various planning scopes is visible in the “National Spatial Development Concept 2030,” which was the main subject of the study, as the basic document concerning national spatial planning. The research demonstrates the novelty of this document in relation to previous ones. It is based on the vision of Polish space on, the development of functional areas, determined on the basis of socioeconomic and spatial features treated in a dynamic approach. The need for changes in applicable law that would allow the “National Spatial Development Concept 2030” to be implemented in planning practice is also pointed out. The material presented in the paper may form the basis for comparative studies of planning documents on a national level in various European countries.
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Pambudi, Andi Setyo, et Trikurnianti Kusumanto. « Water Resources Governance in Indonesia Towards Environmental Sustainability Along with Social and Economic Development ». Dans Environment & ; Policy, 289–311. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15904-6_16.
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AbstractIndonesia’s water resources governance aims at delivering the basic needs of a growing population whilst being constrained by ecosystems’ carrying capacity. The main causes of regulatory overlaps and prevalent “silo mentality” in water governance are sought by analysing laws, regulations, and policies. Over time, water resources governance has aimed to address food, water, and energy needs through infrastructural approaches, forest and land rehabilitation, and community participation. It is anchored in the river basin territory and watershed concepts. Public decision-making, however, puts anthropogenic considerations at its core rather than hydrological aspects, leading to misfits between institutions and ecosystem functioning. Ineffective legal instruments and policies are essentially due to institutional constraints. A synthesis of the three major water regulations—Government Regulation 37/2012 concerning Watershed Management, Law 17/2019 concerning Water Resources, and Government Regulation 26/2008 concerning National Spatial Plan—reveals little ownership of watershed management with regional/local governments since responsibilities are delegated by the central government to a technical agency; limited focus on green water (social and ecological) governance approaches compared with blue water (hard infrastructural) ones; and weak law enforcement and formulation of strategies for maintaining ecosystem functioning. Our recommendations include an ecoregional water governance with a thoroughly designed performance and target indicators; continuation of development plans built on previous plans and outcomes; continuity in water resources monitoring and evaluation; society-wide participation; and synchronisation of regulatory processes of all administrative levels led by the President in collaboration with Parliament using “carrot and stick” modes.
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Normand, Jonathan, et Veronica Devenin. « Real-World Lessons on Stakeholder Capitalism : How B Lab and B Corp Movement Catalyze Change in Society ». Dans The International Handbook of Social Enterprise Law, 355–75. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14216-1_17.
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AbstractB Lab started in 2006, developing standards, a legal framework and certification to take into account all stakeholders for businesses that wanted to be not only the best in the world but also the best for the world. The objective was finding a way to harness capitalism’s positive elements while also protecting individuals and society from its negative aspects and, at the same time, helping scale businesses while remaining true to their social or environmental mission and creating a credible system of social and environmental transparency and accountability to engage consumers. Fifteen years later, B Lab and the B Corp movement are considered relevant actors in the purpose ecosystem, which are actively creating favorable framings, systems, policy change, and infrastructures to support the development of purpose-driven businesses. B Lab considers that businesses can act as a starting point to catalyze systemic change, given their direct relationship with multiple stakeholders within the economic system and society at large in order. This chapter presents B Lab’s theory of change and how it is developing its corresponding global strategies in practice.
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Hurło, Andrzej. « Economic and Legal Aspects of the Healthcare Financing System in Poland ». Dans European Financial Law in Times of Crisis of the European Union, 177–88. Ludovika Egyetemi Kiadó, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36250/00749.17.
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Health is one of the most important human values and can be a factor affecting the quality of life. The need for healthcare is one of the basic individual rights of the citizen. A specific sector in any national economy is the healthcare sector, which, as every created system, is subject to permanent changes. The author will present factors influencing the financial aspect of the healthcare system and its legal basis, especially in the light of recent modifications of the system.
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Zelger, Bernadette. « Environmental and Sustainability Aspects in EU Competition Law : Towards a “More Economic & ; Ecological Approach” Under Article 101 TFEU ? » Dans European Yearbook of International Economic Law. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/8165_2022_97.
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Daniela, Rebega Elena. « The Role of Agricultural Cooperatives Models Among Europe ». Dans Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 210–26. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5739-5.ch010.
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The chapter describes the situation from several EU countries on cooperation among farmers, with a focus on the approach of the cooperative concept related to legislation and function. The study comprises 10 member states from different parts of Europe: east, south, and north. The objective was to identify the differences and the existence of an integrative model for cooperative or producer organizations in agriculture. The member states included in the study were France, Italy, Spain, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Poland, Ireland, The Netherlands, and Romania. In order to find common features, the history and previous developing of cooperation were analyzed. Focused on the bibliographic research and comprising an analysis of the history and legislation, the author tried to underline some aspects that could facilitate the setting-up of new agricultural cooperatives and at the same time, a proper operation of the existing ones. The information gathered was presented and interpreted, in order to capture the situation of agricultural co-operative structures, legal type, and economic operation.
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Łukomska, Julita, et Jarosław Neneman. « Does Urban Sprawl Pay Off for the Suburban Municipal Budget in Poland ? » Dans Local Government in Europe, 249–69. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529217186.003.0014.
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The literature stresses the negative environmental, economic, and social consequences of urban sprawl. The dynamics of this process is high, as beneficiaries of it are against any attempts to reduce or control this phenomenon. In Poland, suburban municipalities usually base their development strategies on increasing the number of inhabitants, that is they consider urban sprawl as a blessing. We would like to look closer at municipal finances to verify if this might be true. We do not attempt to assess the full costs and benefits of urban sprawl – we will focus only on financial aspects of this phenomenon from the perspective of municipal revenues and expenditures. We use quasi-experimental design comparing a treatment group (suburban municipalities) and a control group (other municipalities similar to suburban units) in the period 2004–18 using data from the Polish Ministry of Finance. On the revenue side of the suburban municipalities, we can observe a greater increase of both, total and per capita revenues, compared to the control group. Suburbanization also affects expenditures, but due to the economies of scale, the relative increase in current expenditures is lower than the increase in the number of inhabitants. Generally, the current operational surplus grows faster in suburban municipalities, but also varies in time. From the perspective of financial standing of the suburban municipality urban sprawl can be regarded as a positive phenomenon at least in the short and medium run.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Environmental law – Economic aspects – Poland"
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Benduch, Piotr. « Problematic Aspects of Determining the Surface Area of Grounds, Buildings and Premises for Cadastre and Real Estate Taxation Purposes ». Dans Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.163.
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Real estate cadastre is commonly recognized as a register of an actual state in the range of grounds, buildings and premises. It contains data which represent a standardized description of their fundamental attributes like location or surface area. According to the Geodetic and Cartographic Law, data contained in the cadastre are a base of the real estate taxation. However, this record may be recognized as fulfilled only in the case of cadastral parcel. In Poland, due to the separate rules of calculating buildings and premises usable floor area for the purposes of the real estate tax base assessment, which have been imposed by the Act of 12 January 1991 on Taxes and Local Fees, data revealed in the cadastre are unused. This article constitutes an attempt to compare the rules related to procedure of computing surface area of grounds, buildings and premises for cadastre and real estate taxation purposes in Poland. Author pays attention, inter alia, into a problem of a proper identification of spaces which are classified in whole or in part to the building usable floor area, depending on ensuing circumstances. The issue of methodology of calculating usable floor area of buildings and premises is analyzed as well. The complement of performed research constitutes a comparison between surface area of selected objects revealed in the cadastre and their equivalents which formed the basis for performed activities related to the determination of the real estate tax base assessment.
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Herceg Pakšić, Barbara, et Dorota Habrat. « COMPARATIVE VIEWS ON A PERMANENT CHALLENGE : HATE SPEECH SANCTIONING IN POLAND AND CROATIA ». Dans The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22431.
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Freedom of expression is one of the essential elements of modern democratic states’ standard for basic civil rights and freedoms. It is most often guaranteed in the constitutions as well as in ratified acts of European and international law. Still, freedom of speech is not absolute, meaning in certain situations it may be restricted to protect another legal value. A prominent example is hate speech, as a means of spreading hatred, hostility and violence towards a person or a particular group. It is not a closed book but widely regarded as a significant violation of human rights. While there is no doubt it constitutes a freedom of speech abuse, the issue of its sanctioning falls within controversial and multifaceted challenges in terms of legislative regulation. The purpose of this article is to compare Polish and Croatian legal systems on this issue. The research will be based on the comparative method, designed to detect similarities, differences and possible patterns in the subject area of the study and to determine the variables affecting the evaluation of current and developed policies in the area of hate speech responsibility and sanctioning. The specific solutions contained in the national constitutional positions, criminal law, misdemeanor law, related body of doctrine and selected case law show a certain diversity of approaches. It can be said that in the area under consideration we are dealing with variants of the same general concept. The results of the conducted analyses will form the basis for further research in the field of amendment of regulations on the punishment of hate speech in the Polish and Croatian legal systems.
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Rzasa, Krzysztof, et Marek Ogryzek. « The Revitalisation of Historical Buildings as a Factor Shaping the Development of Sustainable Cities ». Dans Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.118.
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Many Polish cities have objects in them that have ceased to function in accordance with their intended use, for one reason or another. These are often post-industrial objects and former military facilities. As a result of the social, political and economic transformations that have taken place in Poland over the years after the Second World War, these objects have lost the meaning of their existence and functioning. Quite often such objects also have a historical character, which may, under Polish law, serve to hinder the possibility of them being reused. A well prepared revitalisation is often the only way for such objects to regain their earlier functionality, or gain a new one. Selected examples of the revitalisation of historic buildings located in Olsztyn (the capital of Warmia and Mazury, the Voivodeship in North-East Poland) were analysed by the authors in this article, and the effects of such actions, connected to the development of the city, were presented. The study included examples of the revitalisation of post-industrial objects and former military facilities. The analysis was performed in the years 2010–2016. The history and previous functional status of the tested objects were presented, as well as their present form and function. The authors have performed a comprehensive analysis of the compliance of new functions of objects with the idea of the sustainable development of the city. The results show the extent to which the analysed activities comply with the principles of sustainable development, in social, economic and environmental terms.
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Siejka, Monika, et Monika Mika. « Methodology of Inventory the Real Estate Components for the Purpose of Their Valuation Due to Road Construction – Case Study in Krakow ». Dans Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.240.
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The development of the communication systems determines the economic level of the country. In Poland, despite the successive investments in this area, it is still not enough beneficial solutions to the road network and international calls. The problem of the acquisition of property for public roads on both the valuation principles and the way of obtaining land for these purposes is constantly modified. These changes are intended to simplify the procedures, which have a significant impact on shortening of the investment process. The current provisions of law give the possibility of the start of road investment before a property owner receives compensation for land taken for this purpose. This situation requires an inventory of component parts of the property for the purposes of their valuation. The paper presents the methodology of inventory the real estate components for the needs of their valuation using modern measurement techniques GNSS and GIS.
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Anh, Nguyen Thi Kim. « Problems of Correlation of Environmental and Economic Aspects When Using the Mekong River by Coastal States ». Dans XIV European-Asian Congress "The value of law" (EAC-LAW 2020). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201205.047.
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KONIECZNA, Jadwiga, et Dariusz KONIECZNY. « CAUSES OF SPATIAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN RURAL AREAS IN POLAND ». Dans RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.127.
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Rural areas, defined as land outside towns, except industrial areas, account for over 93% of the area of Poland. They are attractive as a places of work, residence, leisure, as well as places where agricultural and non-agricultural business activities can be conducted. Agriculture is naturally associated with rural areas. Currently, apart from the agricultural function and (depending on the socioeconomic, natural or historical conditions) rural areas are also places of leisure, recreation, residence or industrial activities. This is a consequence of implementation of the concept of multi-functional development of rural areas, in which conditions are created for diverse business activities, while respecting environmental constraints. Such a multifunctional approach must take into account the interests of all parties to avoid spatial conflicts. Therefore, actions aimed at the development of rural areas should be based on an in-depth analysis of the value of the area under consideration, they should take into account natural conditions (soil, climate, terrain) of the land for conducting agricultural activities, but also take into account environmental, social and economic aspects. Objective and historical conditions affecting agriculture in Poland and the experience gained so far indicate that there is a need to change the spatial arrangement of agricultural areas. This is because of the characteristic features of agriculture in Poland, which include a disadvantageous structure of farms in terms of their area, small size of farms, insufficient technical infrastructure in villages and difficult soil conditions. Rural areas in Poland, including agriculture, are undergoing deep structural changes in regard to agricultural production, but also to farm size and layout, demographic and spatial structures as well as technical and social infrastructure. The changes taking place in rural areas in Poland are greatly affected by the Common Agricultural Policy in the European Union. As a member of the EU, Poland has been receiving aid since 2004 and has been implementing actions within Rural Development Programmes. The aim of this paper is to analyse the transformations that have been taking place in rural areas in Poland and to present selected factors and causes of the changes in rural spaces.
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KOKOSZKA, Katarzyna, et Małgorzata PINK. « BIOECONOMY – OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS IN MALOPOLSKA VOIVODSHIP (POLAND) ». Dans RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.252.
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The main objective of the article is to indicate the main challenges and development opportunities related to the bioeconomy, shown in the regional layout on the example of the Małopolska voivodeship. The theoretical part of a paper is basing on a review of the literature regarding a concept of bioeconomy. It finds is conclusions in a model of 'bio-economy triad of challenges', that the conventional economy is facing. The issues of bioeconomy in this paper are presented in a context of: processes taking place between enterprises, consumers and the state, challenges for qualitative and quantitative economic development. Referring to the above-mentioned model, it was stated that the bioeconomy should be the main direction of development as part of the smart specialization strategy for Małopolska. This will allow, among others development of functional value chains, increasing the added value of production and the possibility of sustainable management of natural resources. Attention was also paid to conditions of development that may constitute significant barriers in shaping the bio-profile of the economy on a regional basis: environmental, in the sense of sustainable access to natural resources; social, understood as the quality of social capital and access to a qualified workforce; institutional, being the state's responsibility and related to the law, providing adequate infrastructure or adequate expenditures for R&D. It was noticed that Małopolska is characterized by a dual development model - on the one hand, we are dealing with sectors of modern technologies concentrated in the provincial city and some poviat cities. On the other hand, when we talk about the raw material sphere, one can talk about development destimulants, i.e. agrarian structure, the problem of fallowing land or the lack of a qualified workforce in rural areas.
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Guerreiro, Miguel. « CNG for Commercial, Law Enforcement and Recreational Boats ». Dans ASME/USCG 2017 4th Workshop on Marine Technology and Standards. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mts2017-0402.
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CNG has significant environmental and economic advantages as a marine fuel in commercial applications as well as law enforcement and recreational use. This paper covers the current technical and business aspects of the current deployment of CNG marine systems for boat propulsion, on-board power generation, fueling operation and the practical considerations that make it all possible today for the different use of boats. The technology and its benefits are reviewed and measurements from existing CNG hybrid boats currently in operation are analyzed. Paper published with permission.
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Petrašević, Tunjica, et Paula Poretti. « THE ‘POLLUTER PAYS’ PRINCIPLE : THE CROATIAN EXPERIENCE ». Dans The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22408.
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The ‘polluter pays’ principle (PPP) is one of the four tenets of the European Union’s (EU) environmental policy. Where the PPP is successfully applied, the polluter bears the cost of pollution, including the cost of prevention, control, and removal of pollution, as well as the cost it causes for the society and the respective population. The PPP is to discourage polluters from environmental pollution by holding them liable for the pollution by means of having the polluters, and not the taxpayers, bear the remediation cost. This paper juxtaposes the application of the PPP in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and Croatian jurisprudence. Following an overview of the PPP in EU law, the paper briefly reviews two CJEU cases (Van de Walle and Erika) that concern the question of whether liability for incidental pollution is attachable to both the manufacturer of dangerous material and the polluter. Next, the paper examines the application of the PPP in the Croatian judiciary, where – contrary to the EU environmental policy – the remediation cost being borne by the taxpayers is seemingly the norm (especially where the polluter cannot bear the remediation cost due to insolvency).
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DuBoff, Scott M. « Alternative Financing for Enhanced Environmental Protection : The Intersection of Waste-to-Energy Technology and Solid Waste Flow Control Authority ». Dans 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec17-2343.
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When local governments evaluate the environmental benefits and costs of alternatives for managing non-recyclable municipal solid waste, the relative costs of modern waste-to-energy (WTE) technology can be a significant stumbling block despite WTE technology’s environmental benefits. Although the preceding point is an important economic reality that has constrained WTE development in the United States, fortunately there is a highly effective means — the use of municipal solid waste “flow control” (or “facility designation”) authority — to overcome WTE’s perceived cost disadvantage. The relationship between flow control and WTE development, including significant encouragement for use of flow control as a result of the U.S. Supreme Court’s recent decision in United Haulers Association v. Oneida-Herkimer Solid Waste Management Authority, 127 S.Ct. 1786 (2007), is the focus of this paper, which will address the following topics: Policy Basis for Flow Control — Absent government intervention, management of municipal solid waste will seek the lowest cost (i.e., short-term cost) and frequently less environmentally protective alternatives. Flow control can counter the tendency to choose alternatives with lower short-term costs and at the same time facilitate implementation of the environmentally-preferable waste management alternatives a local government selects, such as WTE technology and other aspects of “integrated waste management.” Flow Control and the Courts — While the authority of a given local government to use flow control is grounded in state law, flow control also implicates matters that arise under federal law, such as Commerce Clause issues, given the possibility that solid waste regulation in one state can affect commercial interests in solid waste management in another state. Although concerns regarding claims of impact on interstate commerce prompted a negative Supreme Court response to flow control in C&A Carbone, Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown, 511 U.S. 383 (1994), the Court’s decision 13 years later in the Oneida-Herkimer case was in many ways just the opposite. WTE’s Correlation with Flow Control and Practical Guideposts — WTE development can be significantly advanced by the use of flow control. That conclusion is borne out by empirical data. The concluding portion of this paper addresses that topic as well as corollary issues, such as public-private collaboration for WTE development and other practical guideposts for implementing flow control ordinances.