Articles de revues : « Environmental law – Bulgaria »

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Yanev, Stoyan, Ivaylo Stoyanov et Nikola Mihailov. « MODELING LEVELS OF ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURES IN THE REGION OF RUSE, BULGARIA ». Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 13, n^o 7 (2014) : 1765–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2014.197.

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Müller, Anetta, Éva Bácsné Bába, Antonia Kinczel, Anikó Molnár, Judit Boda Eszter, Árpád Papp-Váry et Jordán Tütünkov Hrisztov. « Recreational Factors Influencing the Choice of Destination of Hungarian Tourists in the Case of Bulgaria ». Sustainability 15, n^o 1 (22 décembre 2022) : 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010151.

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In 1990, the countries of the V4 were the dominant sending countries to Bulgaria, which is why Bulgarians thought of targeting the sending market from these countries, not only with the product of mass tourism, but with a unique, four-season offer. In 1990, Hungary was Bulgaria’s third largest sending market; therefore, leisure trend studies are important as they can help to satisfy the needs of Hungarian tourists and attract them to the destination and increase their visitor satisfaction. The aim of our study is to examine the leisure time patterns and leisure preference system of Hungarian tourists, which is evident during their travels. This study examines the willingness of Hungarian tourists to travel to Bulgaria. According to the results of the secondary and primary research, the vast majority of Hungarian tourists travel to Bulgaria mainly for beach holidays, but, in addition to mass tourism, the country’s culture, history, ecotourism, health tourism, wine and gastronomy may represent further travel potential for Hungarian tourists. Having examined the attitudes of Hungarian tourists (n = 952), the study offers useful recommendations for Bulgarian tourism organizations and Bulgarian and Hungarian tour operators, as factor analysis is used to create groups belonging to factors that can be included as key target groups in publications promoting Bulgaria. Another aim of our study is to add new content to the traditional Bulgarian–Hungarian tourism relations.

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Tsitsas, George, Chavdar Kolev, Liliana Radoi et Vlad Petrila. « Technical and Contractual Trends for Micro Tunneling Projects in Romania and Bulgaria ». Advanced Engineering Forum 21 (mars 2017) : 609–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.21.609.

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This publication provides an overview of the current technical and contractual trends that govern the execution of micro-tunneling projects in both Romania and Bulgaria. Technical issues discussed include available equipment and technologies, aspects related to the complexity and challenges of these works, comparisons between the open trench and trenchless methods, environmental impact, and other. Legal issues discussed include contractual schemes, relationship between the parties involved, dispute resolution, and contract types in compliance with both the national as well as the European Union law. Appropriate technical equipment is recommended to avoid risk in implementation and ensure the quality of finished products.

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Tsiantikoudis, Zafeiriou, Kyriakopoulos et Arabatzis. « Revising the Environmental Kuznets Curve for Deforestation : An Empirical Study for Bulgaria ». Sustainability 11, n^o 16 (12 août 2019) : 4364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164364.

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The evolution of human societies along with efforts to enhance economic welfare may well lead to the deterioration of the environment. Deforestation is a usual process throughout evolution that poses pressing and potentially irreversible environmental risks, despite the ecological and modernization processes that aim to limit those risks. The economic growth–environmental degradation relationship—namely, the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis—is studied in alignment with the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. The novelty of the study is attributed to the use of the carbon emissions equivalent derived by deforestation as an index for environmental degradation in Bulgaria as a new entrant into the European Union (EU). In addition, we use the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita as a proxy for income, being determined as an independent variable. Research findings cannot validate the inverted U-shape of the EKC hypothesis; instead, an inverted N pattern is confirmed. The implementation of appropriate policies aiming at the protection of the environment through the diversification of economic activities is related to the use of forest land and other resources, or related sectors (agroforestry, ecotourism activities, and scientific research), rather than only the direct utilization of forested areas; the limitation of afforestation processes and their negative impacts on citizens’ welfare are also addressed.

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Moskova, Martina, Anelia Zasheva, Metodi Kunchev, Ivan Popivanov, Dimo Dimov, Virsavia Vaseva, Todor Kundurzhiev, Ilia Tsachev et Magdalena Baymakova. « Students’ Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccination : An Inter-University Study from Bulgaria ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n^o 16 (9 août 2022) : 9779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169779.

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In Bulgaria, vaccination coverage against the SARS-CoV-2 virus is low. The reasons for this fact are many and varied. The aim of the present study was to establish what the attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccination process are among students from various specialties from several Bulgarian universities. In this research, 600 students participated, divided into two groups: Doctor of Medicine (MD) students (n = 300) and non-MD students, i.e., students of specialties, such as mathematics, engineering, finance and economics, law, human sciences, etc. (n = 300). Each respondent completed a questionnaire which was divided into three parts with closed questions. The mean age of all students was 21.19 ± 1.87 years (95% CI: 20.48–21.90). The female sex dominated among the analyzed participants (sex ratio: female/male = 1/0.85). Nearly 62% (371/600) of individuals declared that they have been COVID-19 vaccinated with at least one dose (p < 0.001). Overall, 33% of the participants sought information on vaccines from video sharing platforms and 36.0% (216/600) from social media platforms. From the conducted multivariable logistic regression the odds of vaccination against COVID-19 were 6.225 times higher in individuals with a positive attitude towards these vaccines than in people with a negative attitude towards them (p < 0.001). We have found that those students who trust the international health organizations had an OR of 2.365 (p = 0.004) to be SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated. We estimated that the odds of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 among children were 4.794 times higher in parents (students) who had been vaccinated than in non-vaccinated parents (students) (p < 0.001). Our results could support the national public health organizations, the national educational/scientific systems, and the management of Bulgarian universities in making future decisions about the field of COVID-19 control and prevention.

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Rotaru, Ancuta, et Chavdar Kolev. « ADDRESSING ISSUES OF GEOENVIRONMENTAL RISKS IN DOBRUJA, ROMANIA/BULGARIA ». Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 9, n^o 7 (2010) : 961–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2010.129.

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Schneider, Petra, Ralf Loser et Gabriela Biali. « WATER MANAGEMENT AT THE FORMER COPPER MINING SITE MEDET (BULGARIA) ». Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 12, n^o 4 (2013) : 835–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2013.104.

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Botcheva, Liliana. « Focus and Effectiveness of Environmental Activism in Eastern Europe : A Comparative Study of Environmental Movements in Bulgaria, Hungary, Slovakia, and Romania ». Journal of Environment & ; Development 5, n^o 3 (septembre 1996) : 292–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107049659600500303.

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Stancheva, Jordanka, Sonja Bencheva, Krasimira Petkova et Vladimir Piralkov. « Possibilities for agroforestry development in Bulgaria : Outlooks and limitations ». Ecological Engineering 29, n^o 4 (avril 2007) : 382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.09.013.

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Simeonova, Vanya, et Arnold van der Valk. « Environmental policy integration : Towards a communicative approach in integrating nature conservation and urban planning in Bulgaria ». Land Use Policy 57 (novembre 2016) : 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.05.017.

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Mitsuda, Hisayoshi, et Konstantin Pashev. « Environmentalism as ends or means ? The rise and political crisis of the environmental movement in Bulgaria ». Capitalism Nature Socialism 6, n^o 1 (mars 1995) : 87–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10455759509358623.

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Velikova, Elenita. « Methodological Guidelines for the Sustainable Development of the Bulgarian Touristic Resorts through Reducing the Harmful Impact of Transport ». E3S Web of Conferences 101 (2019) : 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910101004.

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The achievement of sustainable development of Bulgarian tourist resorts is questionable after the European Commission has put Bulgaria’s two-month ultimatum to prove that it can deal with the problem of dirty air. Tourism is a sector that is accused of violating sustainable development due to its many negative environmental impacts. A significant part of the harmful impact is due to the transport used to reach the desired destination and the movement itself. Sustainable development is a key objective of the EU and Bulgaria should not lag behind in terms of the essential indicators for its achievement. This publication aims to propose effective measures to reduce the harmful impact of passenger transport on the environment by establishing sustainable transport practices in touristic resorts. The environmental component of sustainable development is among its main priorities. Based on expert analysis of Bulgarian touristic resorts, our own research and experience in the studied subject will offer effective measures to increase their sustainability by reducing the harmful impact of transport on the environment.

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Filcheva, E., M. Noustorova, Sv Gentcheva-Kostadinova et M. J. Haigh. « Organic accumulation and microbial action in surface coal-mine spoils, Pernik, Bulgaria ». Ecological Engineering 15, n^o 1-2 (juin 2000) : 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8574(99)00008-7.

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Goldthau, Andreas, et Benjamin K. Sovacool. « Energy Technology, Politics, and Interpretative Frames : Shale Gas Fracking in Eastern Europe ». Global Environmental Politics 16, n^o 4 (novembre 2016) : 50–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00375.

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This article explores competing interpretive frames regarding shale gas in Bulgaria, Poland, and Romania. These countries face the choice of embracing shale gas as a potential revolutionizing domestic source of energy, against the backdrop of Russia serving as the dominant gas supplier. This makes them interesting cases for studying how policy narratives and discourses coalesce around a novel technology. The findings, which are based on sixty-six semistructured research interviews, point to differing and indeed competing frames, ranging from national security, environmental boons to economic sellout and authoritarianism, with different sets of institutions sharing those frames. This suggests that enhancing energy security by way of deploying novel energy technologies such as shale gas fracking is not simply a function of resource endowments and technological progress. Instead, it is the result of complex dynamics unfolding among social stakeholders and the related discursive processes, which eventually will determine whether—or not—shale gas will go global.

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Apostol, Bogdan, Gergely Toth, Tiberiu-Eugen Antofie et Arwyn Jones. « THE LUCAS 2012 TOPSOIL SURVEY AND DERIVED CROPLAND AND GRASSLAND SOIL PROPERTIES OF BULGARIA AND ROMANIA ». Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 15, n^o 12 (2016) : 2651–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2016.291.

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Scheinberg, Anne, et Arthur P. J. Mol. « Multiple Modernities : Transitional Bulgaria and the Ecological Modernisation of Solid Waste Management ». Environment and Planning C : Government and Policy 28, n^o 1 (janvier 2010) : 18–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0926.

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Jordanova, Diana, Neli Jordanova, Anna Atanasova, Tsenka Tsacheva et Petar Petrov. « Soil tillage erosion estimated by using magnetism of soils—a case study from Bulgaria ». Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 183, n^o 1-4 (4 mars 2011) : 381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-1927-8.

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Diadovski, Ivan K., Maya P. Atanassova et Ivan S. Ivanov. « Integral assessment of climate impact on the transboundary Mesta River flow formation in Bulgaria ». Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 127, n^o 1-3 (21 octobre 2006) : 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9287-5.

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Barnfield, Andrew. « Physical exercise, health, and post-socialist landscapes—recreational running in Sofia, Bulgaria ». Landscape Research 41, n^o 6 (12 juillet 2016) : 628–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2016.1197193.

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Coşkun, Mahmut, L. Yurukova, A. Çayir, Münevver Coşkun et G. Gecheva. « Cross-border response of mosses to heavy metal atmospheric deposition in Southeastern Bulgaria and European Turkey ». Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 157, n^o 1-4 (10 octobre 2008) : 529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0553-6.

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Stancheva, Margarita, Hristo Stanchev, Jacek Zaucha, Emiliano Ramieri et Timothy Roberts. « Supporting multi-use of the sea with maritime spatial planning.The case of a multi-use opportunity development - Bulgaria, Black Sea ». Marine Policy 136 (février 2022) : 104927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104927.

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Velichkova, Rositsa, Martin Pushkarov, Radostina A. Angelova, Ognyan Sandov, Detelin Markov, Iskra Simova et Peter Stankov. « Exploring the Potential of Straw Biochar for Environmentally Friendly Fertilizers ». Sustainability 14, n^o 10 (22 mai 2022) : 6323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14106323.

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The pyrolysis of wheat straw in order to produce biochar for soil amendment is a potential strategy for producing environmental friendly fertilizers capable of boosting soil fertility, increasing carbon storage, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. However, straw biochar’s potential to influence these aspects may vary depending on its properties. Our study sought to investigate biochar from wheat straw from three different regions in Bulgaria. A specially designed set up was used for the biochar production. Three pyrolytic temperatures (300, 400, and 500 °C) were applied, resulting in nine biochar samples. The specific characteristics included moisture content, volatile substances content, ash content, fixed carbon content, and joint ash and carbon content, and they were determined for each sample. The chemical content, resulting in 17 chemical elements and compounds, was measured and analysed. The results obtained showed that the produced straw biochar has the potential to be used as a fertilizer and soil supplement.

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Tsangas, Michail, Ifigeneia Gavriel, Maria Doula, Flouris Xeni et Antonis A. Zorpas. « Life Cycle Analysis in the Framework of Agricultural Strategic Development Planning in the Balkan Region ». Sustainability 12, n^o 5 (28 février 2020) : 1813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051813.

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Agricultural sector should be considered, as one of the main economic development sectors in the entire world, while at the same time is responsible for important pollution. The life cycle assessment (LCA) procedure was involved in the agricultural strategic development planning for Balkan region, as a useful tool to identify and quantify potential environmental impacts from the production of apple juice, wine and pepper pesto in three selected sites in Greece, North Macedonia and Bulgaria. These three products were chosen, as are considered as the main economic activities at the areas. The LCA approach covered the entire production line of each product. Based on the LCA results, which comprise the size of six impact categories characterization factors, suggestions were made in order to minimize the footprint of the apples orchard, vineyard and pepper cultivation plots as well as of the production processes of apple juice, wine and pepper pesto as final distribution products. The results indicate that changes in the cultivation and the production must be considered in order to optimize the environmental footprint. Moreover, the whole approach could be useful for agricultural stakeholders, policy makers and producers, in order to improve their products ecological performance, reduce food loss and food waste and increase the productivity of the agricultural sector, while at the same time can improve the three pillars of sustainability through strategy development.

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Tsolova, Venera, Viktor Kolchakov et Miglena Zhiyanski. « Carbon, Nitrogen and Sulphur Pools and Fluxes in Pyrite Containing Reclaimed Soils (Technosols) at Gabra Village, Bulgaria ». Environmental Processes 1, n^o 4 (7 septembre 2014) : 405–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40710-014-0030-x.

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Prokopov, Tsvetko, Milena Nikolova, Tanya Ivanova, Venelina Popova, Milen Dimov et Donka Taneva. « Equilibrium study of Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solution by stalks from three tobacco species (Nicotiana) grown in Bulgaria ». Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 75, n^o 3 (17 décembre 2019) : 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.75.3.23343.

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Agricultural and processing activities generate enormous amounts of tobacco waste, and the stalks left after harvesting of the leaves constitute a significant share. The stalks of common tobacco (N. tabacum L.) were considered a promising source for processing and recycling, but very little is known about the properties of the stalks from other Nicotiana species. The aim of present study was to examine the performance of stalk powders from three Nicotiana species grown side-by-side in Bulgaria for the ability to remove Cr (VI) ions from aqueous solutions. The characterization of applied biosorbents was conducted by FTIR analysis. Batch experiments were carried out and the effects of different adsorption process parameters were determined. Maximum removal efficiencies of 99.13±0.55%, 98.33±0.58% and 95.00±0.50% for N. tabacum, N. rustica L. and N. alata Link&Otto, respectively, were obtained at pH 3.0, adsorbent dosage 5 g/L, initial Cr (VI) concentration 10 mg/L, temperature 25.0 ± 0.5oC, agitation speed 200 rpm and contact time 60 min. The Langmuir and Freundlich models fitted well the equilibrium isotherms experimental data. Based on the values determined for the maximum adsorption capacity, the powder from N. alata stalks was found to have higher affinity (9.87 mg/g) for Cr (VI) ions than those obtained from N. tabacum (8.38 mg/g) and N. rustica (6.96 mg/g) stalks.

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Doytchev, Doytchin E., et Gerd Szwillus. « Combining task analysis and fault tree analysis for accident and incident analysis : A case study from Bulgaria ». Accident Analysis & ; Prevention 41, n^o 6 (novembre 2009) : 1172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2008.07.014.

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Deneva, Aneta, Veneta Hristova, Daniel Pavlov, Violeta Blazheva, Ivaylo Kostov, Denislava Angelova et Mariana Petrova. « The Geographical Location as a Limitation for Starting Entrepreneurial Initiatives and Career Development ». European Journal of Sustainable Development 11, n^o 3 (1 octobre 2022) : 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2022.v11n3p124.

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From the perspective of entrepreneurship, the geographical location is one of the important barriers/prerequisites for business development. Its role and place in the development of family entrepreneurship and the career development of young people has been relatively poorly studied. The aim of this paper is to provide an emperical research on the influence of the geographical location for starting entrepreneurial initiatives and career development. The object of this research are students having major or minor classes in the field of entrepreneurship from Albania, Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, Russia and Serbia. The subject of this research is on their attitude for career development in the field of family entrepreneurship and their geographical location. A standartised printed questionnaire has been used with Lickert scale for collecting the answers, translated into the national language of the respondents. The results are given in tables to compare the student intentions and outline their similarities. This paper could help the involved twelve universities to improve their teaching methods in a way their students to perceive the advantages of the geographical location and become part of the the regional entrepreneurs and companies.

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Kalisz, Barbara, Krystyna Żuk-Gołaszewska, Wioleta Radawiec et Janusz Gołaszewski. « Land Use Indicators in the Context of Land Use Efficiency ». Sustainability 15, n^o 2 (6 janvier 2023) : 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021106.

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In recent decades, the land use changes induced by various economic activities in agricultural ecosystems have affected many aspects of human life. This is the reason why land use change is considered as one of the agriculture-related environmental impacts in a sustainability assessment of food and bio-based products. At the same time, the methodology applied for the quantification of land use change effects is still under intensive research, stimulating scientific discussions. The overall objective of this paper is to fill the gap in knowledge of responsible and sustainable land use management. Specifically, the research provides a comprehensive set of land use change indicators in the context of land use change and land use efficiency. The indicators can be measured based on publicly available databases with the applicability to agricultural sustainability assessment of land use change on a local, regional and global scale. The high share of artificial land and dominant agricultural use of land with low land use intensity were noted in Belgium, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Slovenia, Cyprus, Croatia, Finland, Germany, and United Kingdom. However, land use efficiency was also low. In turn, heterogeneous land cover (but less artificial areas than in other EU countries) and heterogeneous land uses with diverse land use intensity were noted in Austria, Bulgaria, Denmark, Estonia, France, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, and Sweden. The challenge in future research could be aggregation of different indicators in assessing the similarity of land use between countries.

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Bugin, Giuseppe, Lucia Lenzi, Giulia Ranzani, Luigino Barisan, Claudio Porrini, Augusto Zanella et Cristian Bolzonella. « Agriculture and Pollinating Insects, No Longer a Choice but a Need : EU Agriculture’s Dependence on Pollinators in the 2007–2019 Period ». Sustainability 14, n^o 6 (20 mars 2022) : 3644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063644.

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One of the new objectives laid out by the European Union’s Common Agriculture Policy is increasing environmental sustainability. In this paper we compare the degree of average dependence index for each member state (ADIMS) in EU28 from 2007 to 2019 in order to verify the following: (1) whether there was a difference in this index when comparing two CAP periods—(a) from 2007 to 2013 and (b) from 2014 to 2019—and (2) which crops had a larger effect on the ADIMS. The study showed no significant variation in the average ADIMS at EU level between the first (2007–2013) and second (2014–2019) CAP periods. The AIDMS index highlighted three types of EU agriculture: (1) agriculture in Eastern Europe, including Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia, characterized by a high level of ADIMS (10.7–22) due to the widespread cultivation of oil crops as rapeseed and sunflower; (2) Mediterranean agriculture including Portugal, Spain, Italy, Croatia, Greece, Malta, Cyprus and France with lower AIDMS levels (5.3–10.3) given their heterogeneous crop portfolios with different degrees of dependence on animal pollination (almond, soy, rapeseed, sunflower and tomatoes) and (3) continental agriculture including Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Poland, the Czech Republic, Baltic countries, Benelux, Finland, Sweden and Ireland, which are characterized by the lowest ADIMS level (0.7–10.6) due to the widespread cultivation of cereals (anemophily and self-pollination) which increase the denominator of the index. The study suggests that a sustainable management of the agroecosystem will be possible in the future only if CAP considers pollinators’ requirements by quantifying the timing and spatial food availability from cultivated and uncultivated areas.

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Molina, José Alberto, J. Ignacio Giménez-Nadal et Jorge Velilla. « Sustainable Commuting : Results from a Social Approach and International Evidence on Carpooling ». Sustainability 12, n^o 22 (17 novembre 2020) : 9587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229587.

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Sustainable commuting (SC) usually refers to environmentally friendly travel modes, such as public transport (bus, tram, subway, light rail), walking, cycling, and carpooling. The double aim of the paper is to summarize relevant prior results in commuting from a social approach, and to provide new, international empirical evidence on carpooling as a specific mode of sustainable commuting. The literature shows that certain socio-demographic characteristics clearly affect the use of non-motorized alternatives, and compared to driving, well-being is greater for those using active travel or public transport. Additionally, this paper analyzes the behavior of carpooling for commuting, using ordinary least squares (OLS) models, which have been estimated from the Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS) for the following countries: Bulgaria, Canada, Spain, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Results indicate that carpooling for commuting is not habitual for workers, as less than 25% of the total time from/to work by car is done with others on board. With respect to the role of the socio-demographic characteristics of individuals, our evidence indicates that age, gender, education, being native, and household composition may have a cross-country, consistent relationship with carpooling participation. Given that socializing is the main reason for carpooling, in the current COVID-19 pandemic, carpooling may be decreasing and, consequently, initiatives have been launched to show that carpooling is a necessary way to avoid crowded modes of transport. Thus, the development of high-occupancy-vehicle (HOV) lanes by local authorities can increase carpooling, and draw attention to the economic and environmental benefits of carpooling for potential users.

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Raszkowski, Andrzej, et Bartosz Bartniczak. « Sustainable Development in the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) : Challenges and Opportunities ». Sustainability 11, n^o 4 (23 février 2019) : 1180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041180.

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The purpose of the study was to analyze and present the position of the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) in terms of levels of sustainable development concept implementation in the years 2010–2016. The second purpose and the added value of the conducted research was to identify the selected opportunities and challenges related to sustainable development in the CEE countries. The research was based on 66 indicators that monitored the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from the global perspective. Eurostat (database: sustainable development indicators) was the source of data in terms of their availability and integrity. Implementation of the concept of sustainable development was assessed using the synthetic measure of development (SMD). The past and current socioeconomic situation in the group of CEE countries is presented in the introduction. The theoretical aspects of sustainable development are discussed, taking into account social, economic, environmental, spatial, as well as institutional and political areas. The concept of integrated order is also considered. The core part of the study presents the research results showing the position of the CEE countries regarding the implementation levels of the sustainable development concept. The value of SMD in individual years is specified for each of the analyzed countries. It was concluded that the situation of all countries improved over the analyzed period of time. Nevertheless, the current situation is not favorable in any of the analyzed countries: However, the Czech Republic and Slovenia are very close to achieving such status. Apart from the aforementioned two countries, in 2016 a moderate situation was observed in Estonia, Hungary, Slovakia, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, and Croatia. Bulgaria and Romania still remain at a disadvantage, despite having made noticeable progress.

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Palkova, Karina, Olena Agapova, Aelita Zīle, Anton Polianskyi, Khosha Vadym, Serafyma Hasparian et Mozhaiev Mykhailo. « Sustainability of Open Educational Resources in Forensic Sciences : International Experience ». European Journal of Sustainable Development 11, n^o 3 (1 octobre 2022) : 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2022.v11n3p71.

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Open educational resources are among the important factors that affect the quality of contemporary education. The new form of education has been recognised by UNESCO and has become an important element in reaching sustainable development goals in educational sector. This article covers the experience of using open educational resources for expert support in justice, based on international experience. To identify the possibility of using open educational resources in the specific area of forensic experts’ education, the authors of the article have conducted a survey among expert community, and the survey results are presented in this study. Representatives of expert institutions from Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Israel, Latvia, Montenegro, Poland, Slovenia, Ukraine and other countries have participated in the survey. The analysis of survey results shows that the introduction of open educational resources is acceptable for most respondents. It was found that ‘OER: Forensic Science’ project is going to be the first educational content of the kind to be introduced in forensic expert institutions and universities entitled to support educational activities. It is proven that open educational resources can enhance quality of the learning process at two levels at least. First, it is the quality of teaching and secondly, it is the new digital approach to learning environment that allows access to all studies necessary to perform forensic expert activities.

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Boyko, Ihor. « LIFE PATH, SCIENTIFIC-PEDAGOGICAL AND PUBLIC ACTIVITY OF VOLODYMYR SOKURENKO (TO THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF HIS BIRTH) ». Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Law 72, n^o 72 (20 juin 2021) : 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vla.2021.72.158.

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The life path, scientific-pedagogical and public activity of Volodymyr Sokurenko – a prominent Ukrainian jurist, doctor of law, professor, talented teacher of the Lviv Law School of Franko University are analyzed. It is found out that after graduating from a seven-year school in Zaporizhia, V. Sokurenko entered the Zaporizhia Aviation Technical School, where he studied two courses until 1937. 1/10/1937 he was enrolled as a cadet of the 2nd school of aircraft technicians named after All-Union Lenin Komsomol. In 1938, this school was renamed the Volga Military Aviation School, which he graduated on September 4, 1939 with the military rank of military technician of the 2nd category. As a junior aircraft technician, V. Sokurenko was sent to the military unit no. 8690 in Baku, and later to Maradnyany for further military service in the USSR Air Force. From September 4, 1939 to March 16, 1940, he was a junior aircraft technician of the 50th Fighter Regiment, 60th Air Brigade of the ZAK VO in Baku. The certificate issued by the Railway District Commissariat of Lviv on January 4, 1954 no. 3132 states that V. Sokurenko actually served in the staff of the Soviet Army from October 1937 to May 1946. The same certificate states that from 10/12/1941 to 20/09/1942 and from 12/07/1943 to 08/03/1945, he took part in the Soviet-German war, in particular in the second fighter aviation corps of the Reserve of the Supreme Command of the Soviet Army. In 1943 he joined the CPSU. He was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree and the Order of the Red Star (1943) as well as 9 medals «For Merit in Battle» during the Soviet-German war. With the start of the Soviet-German war, the Sokurenko family, like many other families, was evacuated to the town of Kamensk-Uralsky in the Sverdlovsk region, where their father worked at a metallurgical plant. After the war, the Sokurenko family moved to Lviv. In 1946, V. Sokurenko entered the Faculty of Law of the Ivan Franko Lviv State University, graduating with honors in 1950, and entered the graduate school of the Lviv State University at the Department of Theory and History of State and Law. V. Sokurenko successfully passed the candidate examinations and on December 25, 1953 in Moscow at the Institute of Law of the USSR he defended his thesis on the topic: «Socialist legal consciousness and its relationship with Soviet law». The supervisor of V. Sokurenko's candidate's thesis was N. Karieva. The Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Culture of the USSR, by its decision of March 31, 1954, awarded V. Sokurenko the degree of Candidate of Law. In addition, it is necessary to explain the place of defense of the candidate's thesis by V. Sokurenko. As it is known, the Institute of State and Law of the USSR has its history since 1925, when, in accordance with the resolution of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of March 25, 1925, the Institute of Soviet Construction was established at the Communist Academy. In 1936, the Institute became part of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and in 1938 it was reorganized into the Institute of Law of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1941–1943 it was evacuated to Tashkent. In 1960-1991 it was called the Institute of State and Law of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In Ukraine, there is the Institute of State and Law named after V. Koretsky of the NAS of Ukraine – a leading research institution in Ukraine of legal profile, founded in 1949. It is noted that, as a graduate student, V. Sokurenko read a course on the history of political doctrines, conducted special seminars on the theory of state and law. After graduating from graduate school and defending his thesis, from October 1, 1953 he was enrolled as a senior lecturer and then associate professor at the Department of Theory and History of State and Law at the Faculty of Law of the Lviv State University named after Ivan Franko. By the decision of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Higher Education of the USSR of December 18, 1957, V. Sokurenko was awarded the academic title of associate professor of the «Department of Theory and History of State and Law». V. Sokurenko took an active part in public life. During 1947-1951 he was a member of the party bureau of the party organization of LSU, worked as a chairman of the trade union committee of the university, from 1955 to 1957 he was a secretary of the party committee of the university. He delivered lectures for the population of Lviv region. Particularly, he lectured in Turka, Chervonohrad, and Yavoriv. He made reports to the party leaders, Soviet workers as well as business leaders. He led a philosophical seminar at the Faculty of Law. He was a deputy of the Lviv City Council of People's Deputies in 1955-1957 and 1975-1978. In December 1967, he defended his doctoral thesis on the topic: «Development of progressive political thought in Ukraine (until the early twentieth century)». The defense of the doctoral thesis was approved by the Higher Attestation Commission on June 14, 1968. During 1960-1990 he headed the Department of Theory and History of State and Law; in 1962-68 and 1972-77 he was the dean of the Law Faculty of the Ivan Franko Lviv State University. In connection with the criticism of the published literature, on September 10, 1977, V. Sokurenko wrote a statement requesting his dismissal from the post of Dean of the Faculty of Law due to deteriorating health. During 1955-1965 he was on research trips to Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Austria, and Bulgaria. From August 1966 to March 1967, in particular, he spent seven months in the United States, England and Canada as a UN Fellow in the Department of Human Rights. From April to May 1968, he was a member of the government delegation to the International Conference on Human Rights in Iran for one month. He spoke, in addition to Ukrainian, English, Polish and Russian. V. Sokurenko played an important role in initiating the study of an important discipline at the Faculty of Law of the Lviv University – History of Political and Legal Studies, which has been studying the history of the emergence and development of theoretical knowledge about politics, state, law, ie the process of cognition by people of the phenomena of politics, state and law at different stages of history in different nations, from early statehood and modernity. Professor V. Sokurenko actively researched the problems of the theory of state and law, the history of Ukrainian legal and political thought. He was one of the first legal scholars in the USSR to begin research on the basics of legal deontology. V. Sokurenko conducted extensive research on the development of basic requirements for the professional and legal responsibilities of a lawyer, similar to the requirements for a doctor. In further research, the scholar analyzed the legal responsibilities, prospects for the development of the basics of professional deontology. In addition, he considered medical deontology from the standpoint of a lawyer, law and morality, focusing on internal (spiritual) processes, calling them «the spirit of law.» The main direction of V. Sokurenko's research was the problems of the theory of state and law, the history of legal and political studies. The main scientific works of professor V. Sokurenko include: «The main directions in the development of progressive state and legal thought in Ukraine: 16th – 19th centuries» (1958) (Russian), «Democratic doctrines about the state and law in Ukraine in the second half of the 19th century (M. Drahomanov, S. Podolynskyi, A. Terletskyi)» (1966), «Law. Freedom. Equality» (1981, co-authored) (in Russian), «State and legal views of Ivan Franko» (1966), «Socio-political views of Taras Shevchenko (to the 170th anniversary of his birth)» (1984); «Political and legal views of Ivan Franko (to the 130th anniversary of his birth)» (1986) (in Russian) and others. V. Sokurenko died on November 22, 1994 and was buried in Holoskivskyi Cemetery in Lviv. Volodymyr Sokurenko left a bright memory in the hearts of a wide range of scholars, colleagues and grateful students. The 100th anniversary of the Scholar is a splendid opportunity to once again draw attention to the rich scientific heritage of the lawyer, which is an integral part of the golden fund of Ukrainian legal science and education. It needs to be studied, taken into account and further developed.

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Astasheva, O., et V. Cheban. « Possible environmental solutions to oil spills in the Black Sea due to the Russian invasion (on the examples of the U.S. and international experience dealing with oil spills) ». Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series : Law 2, n^o 74 (10 février 2023) : 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.74.33.

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The Black Sea is an inland sea, that is basically isolated from the World Ocean. Even though it is connected only with the Mediterranean Sea through the Turkish Straits, the Black Sea is very environmentally vulnerable. Armed conflict invariably has a negative impact on nature. Oil spills that happened because of Russian invasion have radically changed the ecosystems of the Black Sea, and subsequently seriously threatened its biodiversity, and ecosystem as a whole. During the last 20-30 years, even before the full-scale Russian invasion, specialists of the Ukrainian Scientific Center for Marine Ecology, together with the EMBLAS project, were deeply worried about changes in the Black Sea [1]. Even more rapid change in the Black Sea ecosystem happened in June 2022 when Russian forces used two anti-ship missiles to target an abandoned cargo tanker adrift in the northern Black Sea. The vessel was loaded with around 600 tons of diesel fuel. The abandoned tankers, with thousands of barrels of diesel fuel, constituted an “environmental time bomb [2].” As to the existing framework, in 1992, six coastal countries (Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, the Russian Federation, Turkey and Ukraine) signed and ratified the Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea from Pollution. Since then, the Black Sea Pollution Protection Commission has been responsible for the sustainable management of the Black Sea. The real effectiveness of this Commission turned out to be very low considering the fact that not a single act was adopted for the preservation of the Black Sea in terms of Russian invasion since February 24th 2022. Indeed, there is some legal protection for nature under the laws of armed conflict too, although these laws are ambiguous and have strict limitations. For instance, there is a set of Draft Principles for environmental preservation in relation to armed conflict, which was just adopted by the UN International Law Commission. Thus, in the absence of adequate international mechanisms to address oil spills immediately, it is worth to take into account well established US Response System as the federal government mechanism to respond to discharges of oil into navigable waters of the US. While this system functions through a cooperative network of federal, state, and local agencies, Ukraine lacks this coordinated cooperation, and cannot respond properly to the significant contamination of the Black Sea. Thus, we will reveal the existing international mechanisms to combat oil spills. Then, we will mainly focus on US Governing policies that deal with oil spills on the Exxon Valdez oil spill example, applying it to the existing policies in Ukraine.

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Georgieva, Sladuna. « COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNOLOGY AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP CONTENT (1-3 CLASSES) ». Knowledge International Journal 32, n^o 1 (26 juillet 2019) : 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3201123g.

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Education is one of the main factors for the socialization of adolescents on the one hand, and on the other is called upon to foster the personal development of each child. It is necessary for the modern education system not only to prepare the young generation to successfully solve problems of a different nature, but also to solve them effectively in a personal, professional and national level. This article presents results of a comparative analysis of the content of the course on technology and entrepreneurship in the first to third grade of BULVEST 2000 Publishing House, Anubis Publishing House, JUNIOR ACHIEVEMENT BULGARIA, SOFIA, publishing team Nikolay Tsanev, Genoveva Yotova, Dochka Kyuchukova, Emilia Palamarkova, Magdalena Delinesheva, Orchidea Delieva. The European education policy, which includes all eight key competences to be on an equal footing [4], is also implemented with the subject "Technology and Entrepreneurship". The law on pre-school and school education creates new, exceptional opportunities for more flexible, creative and independent planning and organization of the process of technology education in primary school age. The Technology and Entrepreneurship Curriculum for 1-3 grade is part of the cultural and educational field "Technological Education and Vocational Education". It has a common mission to progressively develop technological literacy and competence of students as an essential element of their general culture and general education. The learning process is oriented not so much to the final results of the practical work as to the processes and the technology for their achievement. The goals related to the contemporary economic life, education in initiative, entrepreneurship and responsibility are confirmed by "Ordinance №5 from 30.11.2015. for general education promulgated in the State Gazette, issue 95 of 08.12.2015 "[3]. They meet the requirements to master basic knowledge, skills and attitudes that are geared not only to work and environmental protection but also to the world of technology and technology. Emphasis is placed on textbook content and accessibility and science requirements, in line with learners' educational needs, ie the use of a variety of educational approaches and didactic technologies to achieve optimal educational outcomes. State educational standards and a syllabus on Technology and Entrepreneurship are a new challenge for primary teachers and specialists. The Ministry of Education and Science determines not only a new name, but also important priorities in curriculum content, time allocation, and technologies for learning two key competencies.

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Malchev, Svetoslav, et Katya Vasileva. « Bulgarian Local Cherry Genetic Resources towards Sustainable Agriculture ». Sustainability 15, n^o 1 (22 décembre 2022) : 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010174.

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In the conditions of global climate change and invasion of new diseases and pests, the utilisation of the local gene pool is a vital step towards sustainable agriculture. Local cultivars and forms are generally considered as better adapted to the conditions of the originating region than widely spread commercial cultivars bred elsewhere. In order to collect, study, and preserve old and local fruit and vine cultivars and forms, a series of expeditions have been conducted throughout Bulgaria under the frame of project KP-06-N46/3 funded by the National Science Fund of the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science. During these scientific expeditions, several local cherry forms were discovered without visual symptoms of brown rot Monilinia laxa (Aderh. and Ruhl.) Honey or cherry leaf spot Blumeriella jaapii (Rehm) Arx. To confirm the degree of resistance/low susceptibility of the specimens, laboratory tests with artificial inoculations of fruits and leaves were conducted. In the current study, two specimens found in Damyanovo region (a village in the municipality of Sevlievo, Gabrovo Province, in northern central Bulgaria) were included. They were compared to two old local cherry cultivars, ‘Volsko sartse’ and ‘Ranna cherna edra’, and two new selections of FGI-Plovdiv, ‘Asparukh’ (El.17-90) and ‘Kossara’, using ‘Bigarreau Burlat’ as reference cultivar for resistance to economically important diseases. The artificial inoculations confirmed the field observation of the cherry specimen with designation SM-58 with 0.00% of infected fruits. Therefore, it is recommended for use in the breeding programme of the Fruit Growing Institute, Plovdiv for the creation of new cultivars.

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Strezov, Alexander, et Tzvetana Nonova. « Environmental Monitoring of Heavy Metals in Bulgarian Black Sea Green Algae ». Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 105, n^o 1-3 (juin 2005) : 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-3158-3.

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Genew-Puhalewa, Iliana. « European Union Terminology Unification - Directions for the Contrastive Study of Two Slavic and Two Non-Slavic Languages (Bulgarian, Polish, Modern Greek and English) ». Research in Language 9, n^o 1 (30 juin 2011) : 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10015-011-0006-0.

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This study attempts to characterize terminology unification in the European Union legislation, regarding both content and form. It analyzes terms related to the thematic field of environmental law in four official EU languages: two Slavic (Bulgarian and Polish) and two non-Slavic (Modern Greek and English). Different types of relations between the languages under comparison suggest possible directions for further comparative study. The comparison aims to identify differences and similarities in the componential structure, formal-grammatical structure, word formation structure, form variantivity, origin and formal status. The study may also testify to the presence of linguistic convergence processes in the multilingual European Union.

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Mitova, Radenka, Bilyana Borisova et Boian Koulov. « Digital Marketing of Bulgarian Natural Heritage for Tourism and Recreation ». Sustainability 13, n^o 23 (25 novembre 2021) : 13071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313071.

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The need for a closer and enhanced connection with nature, as the basis for human wellbeing, reinforces the importance of natural heritage governance, including wider and much improved access to information about nature-based tourism and recreation. This research seeks to reveal how Internet content can support the digital identification of nature sites and their branding as tourist destinations. To this end, it analyzes 20 exemplary websites, each known around the world, and highlights important current trends in the structuring and attractiveness of the information provided. Based on the devised benchmarking criteria, the study develops a benchmarking approach that improves digital “packaging” and marketing of natural heritage for the purposes of tourism, recreation, leisure, and sports, and then tests it in Bulgaria. The procedure includes the selection of 57 natural heritage sites and rating the content of their official websites. The results show an unsatisfactory level of representation of the heritage value of the Bulgarian NH and a severe depreciation of the provision of the necessary tourism and recreation information, in comparison to the selected global benchmark. Besides the outline of the most frequent gaps and shortcomings, the results provide managers with suggestions about the development of a “natural heritage” brand for tourism and recreation, which features amplification of site identity and messaging, plus enhancement of its visibility. The conclusions are applicable to a wide variety of geographical contexts and audiences in nature-based destination governance.

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Fredriksson, Lena, Marian Rizov, Sophia Davidova et Alastair Bailey. « Smallholder Farms in Bulgaria and Their Contributions to Food and Social Security ». Sustainability 13, n^o 14 (8 juillet 2021) : 7635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147635.

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Bulgaria has a long tradition of smallholder farming, predominantly producing for self-consumption. As a result of land reform and farm restructuring, many rural households received agricultural land. Some developed commercial farms but most households stayed as subsistence farmers and used their small pieces of land to produce for self-consumption and market the excess output to top up their non-farm incomes or meagre pensions. They had little capital and insecure access to markets. The paper employs semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 10 smallholders for obtaining detailed information about individuals’ behaviour and exploring issues in greater detail. In particular, the study looks at the drivers of the diverse strategies pursued by smallholder farms, their importance for household food security and incomes, and the prospects of smallholder farms in the future, especially the possibilities for productivity increases. The Bulgarian study on contemporary smallholder farms shows that subsistence production constitutes a valuable safety net for households with low incomes, and therefore, it acts as an extension of the limited social security system of the country. Despite all the challenges faced by smallholders, half of the interviewed households succeeded to commercialise and increase marketable surplus. Policies for increased commercialisation of smallholder farms and a structural change in agriculture should address, besides market factors, the socioeconomic aspects which contribute to the persistence of subsistence farming. Furthermore, when prioritising different policies, the chosen livelihood strategies of the households should be taken into account.

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Jóźwik, Bartosz, Antonina-Victoria Gavryshkiv, Phouphet Kyophilavong et Lech Euzebiusz Gruszecki. « Revisiting the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis : A Case of Central Europe ». Energies 14, n^o 12 (9 juin 2021) : 3415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123415.

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The rapid economic growth observed in Central European countries in the last thirty years has been the result of profound political changes and economic liberalization. This growth is partly connected with reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, the problem of CO2 emissions seems to remain unresolved. The aim of this paper is to test whether the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis holds true for Central European countries in an annual sample data that covers 1995–2016 in most countries. We examine cointegration by applying the Autoregressive Distributed Lag bound testing. This is the first study examining the relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth in individual Central European countries from a long-run perspective, which allows the results to be compared. We confirmed the cointegration, but our estimates confirmed the EKC hypothesis only in Poland. It should also be noted that in all nine countries, energy consumption leads to increased CO2 emissions. The long-run elasticity ranges between 1.5 in Bulgaria and 2.0 in Croatia. We observed exceptionally low long-run elasticity in Estonia (0.49). Our findings suggest that to solve the environmental degradation problem in Central Europe, it is necessary to individualize the policies implemented in the European Union.

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Georgiev, Georgi, Martin Krus, Carina Loretz et Werner Theuerkorn. « TYPHABOARD in the Restoration of Historic Black Sea Houses in Bulgaria ». Sustainability 11, n^o 4 (15 février 2019) : 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041000.

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TYPHABOARD is a sustainable construction and thermal insulation board made of cattail (lat. typha) and magnesite as a binder. It is characterized by a unique combination of high mechanical strength, highly insulating properties, relatively high diffusion openness, inflammability, and a sustainable lifecycle. The TYPHABOARD concept includes ecological benefits related to the systematic planting of the raw material typha in Bulgaria, the production of TYPHABOARD, and its application as a stabilizing, insulating and passive indoor climate controlling element in the framework structure of the historic typology of the Black Sea House. The entire technological and organizational process provides a sustainable solution for the operation of peat areas by planting typha (which acts as a natural water and ground filter), for the engagement of work forces in structurally underdeveloped regions, for sustainable ecological and social regional development, as well as for the sustainable retrofit of existing historic Black Sea Houses. The building and ecological system TYPHABOARD can be successfully introduced and applied in Bulgaria. In addition to the scientific and the practical study, the political eligibility of this was proved and officially permitted by the relevant public bodies in Bulgaria.

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Oprea, Florin, Mihaela Onofrei, Dan Lupu, Georgeta Vintila et Gigel Paraschiv. « The Determinants of Economic Resilience. The Case of Eastern European Regions ». Sustainability 12, n^o 10 (21 mai 2020) : 4228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104228.

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The economic crisis of 2008 strongly affected European countries, many of them slipping into a recession whose depth and manifestation differed substantially from country to country and from region to region. In this context, economists revived the concept of economic resilience of states and regions and focused on identifying and explaining its determinants. The literature investigates ways to enhance economic resilience through appropriate public policies, but the studies conducted so far have several limitations. In order to contribute to this goal, this article analyzes the economic resilience of the regions of seven Eastern European countries (Bulgaria, Hungary, Croatia, Czech Republic, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia) and its main determinant factors. The results show that, in terms of resistance, Bulgaria, Slovenia and their regions behaved best, while Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia (including regions) had a negative evolution. In terms of recovery Bulgaria (and 4 regions out of 6), Romania (5 out of 8 regions) and Slovakia (4 of 4 regions) performed better than the other Eastern countries. The determining factors of resilience for the studied regions concern the size of the manufacturing sector, the services and public administration, entrepreneurship and the human capital represented by tertiary education; agriculture and urban population have no significant influence on regional resilience. We adopt an econometric approach in this study, using the quantile regression for the analysis. Based on these empirical evidences, appropriate proposals have been formulated, useful to both field theorists and practitioners in public policy.

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Hakimova, Yegana, Yaryna Samusevych, Shahla Alijanova et Esmira Guluzade. « Eco-innovation vs. environmental taxation : what is more effective for state budget ? » Marketing and Management of Innovations, n^o 1 (2021) : 312–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2021.1-24.

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The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of the use of environmental taxes and the introduction of environmental innovations in terms of impact on the parameters of revenues and expenditures of the state budget. The study includes 10 countries of Central and Eastern Europe (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovenia and Slovak Republic). The analysis period covers 2010–2019. Systematization of scientific research proves the importance of using different tools to ensure sustainable development and greening of the national economy. The main purpose of the study is to determine a more effective form of interaction between government and business in the process of transforming the national economy in the direction of more environmentally friendly products and technologies by economic and mathematical modeling of environmental taxes and eco-innovation impact of budget revenues and expenditures. The calculations consist on the several stages: 1) determining the list of relevant control variables using correlation analysis, which eliminates the problem of multicollinearity; 2) determination of the model specification (fixed or random effects) using the Hausman test; 3) identification of the generalizing effects of the impact of environmental taxation and the eco-innovation index on the indicators of budget revenues and expenditures using a generalized least squares panel regression model with random effects; 4) study of the impact of the main components of environmental taxes and components of the eco-innovation index on the parameters of the state budget using panel regression modelling; 5) determination of short-term and long-term effects of the impact of environmental taxes and eco-innovations on the parameters of budget revenues and expenditures bt auto-regression distributive lag modelling. Stata 12/SE software tools were used for calculations. The study indicates the need to transform approaches to the implementation of state environmental policy. Thus, it has been proven that government incentives for the introduction of environmental innovations in the economy can be more effective than increasing the burden of environmental taxes.

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Cichowicz, Ewa, et Ewa Rollnik-Sadowska. « Inclusive Growth in CEE Countries as a Determinant of Sustainable Development ». Sustainability 10, n^o 11 (31 octobre 2018) : 3973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113973.

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Pursuant to the concept of inclusive growth, the authors analyze the transition economies of Central and Eastern European countries, which have become EU members (Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia). CEE countries characterized by comparable historic and economic backgrounds now seem to reach diversified stages of development. The objective of the study is to identify the level of inclusive growth among CEE countries by taking into account indicators assigned to its seven pillars. The article’s thesis is that CEE countries represent social and economic heterogeneity as well as varied levels of sustainable development. Research methods included the application of the principal components analysis and the multivariate analysis. For a literature review, the bibliometric analysis was conducted with the visualization prepared by the VOSviewer software. The main findings suggest that Estonia, Slovenia, and the Czech Republic seem to exhibit the highest level of inclusive growth while Bulgaria and Romania represent the lowest level of indicators measured.

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Babourkova, Rosalina. « The environmental justice implications of utility privatisation : the case of the electricity supply in Bulgaria's Roma settlements ». International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development 2, n^o 1-2 (24 novembre 2010) : 24–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19463138.2010.511029.

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Ionescu, George H., Elena Jianu, Ioana C. Patrichi, Florin Ghiocel, Lili Țenea et Delia Iancu. « Assessment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Implementation in Bulgaria and Future Developments ». Sustainability 13, n^o 21 (29 octobre 2021) : 12000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112000.

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The European Union has taken on the role of global leader in implementing the Sustainable Development Goals set out in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, making substantial efforts to support this ambitious approach at the level of each Member State. The objective of this research is the assessment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) implementation in Bulgaria as well as the existing development potential, given the existing knowledge gap related to this important topic. The data available on Eurostat were processed using dynamic indices and time series analysis based on ARIMA methodology in order to identify the evolution trend of the main indicators associated with the SDGs, as well as the dynamics of progress. The results obtained estimate, for 2030, a degree of fulfillment of the assumed targets of 36.28%, but also reveal the existence of high potential for accelerating the transition process to a low-carbon economy and a more sustainable and inclusive society.

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Vinnik, L. P., G. D. Georgieva, S. I. Oreshin, L. I. Makeyeva, D. N. Dragomirov, V. D. Buchakchiev et L. D. Dimitrova. « Deep Structure and Dynamics of the Central Balkan Peninsula from Seismic Data ». Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth 57, n^o 6 (novembre 2021) : 849–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1069351321060124.

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Abstract—Analysis of P- and S-receiver functions for 19 seismic stations on the Balkan Peninsula has been performed. Half of the stations are in Bulgaria. The crustal thickness varies from 28–30 to 50 km. The ratio of longitudinal and shear wave velocities in the upper crust reaches 2.0 in some places. In the southwest of the study area, the 410-km seismic boundary is uplifted by 10 km relative to nominal depth. The elevation may be caused by hydration and/or cooling of the mantle transition zone under the influence of the Hellenic subduction zone. A low S-wave velocity layer related to the 410-km boundary may be located atop this boundary. In the northwestern part of the study area this layer is present in spite of the absence of the 410-km boundary. A similar paradox has been previously noted in central Anatolia. Indications of a low-velocity layer are present at a depth exceeding 410 km. The simultaneous inversion of the receiver functions of the two types (P and S) and the Rayleigh wave phase velocities reveals a large (7–9%) decrease in the S-wave velocity in the upper mantle of southern Bulgaria and northern Greece. The thickness of the low-velocity layer (asthenosphere) is about 50 km. The lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) is at depths of 40 to 60 km. In terms of tectonics, this zone is characterized as the South Balkan extension system. To the north of 43° N, the S-wave velocity in the upper mantle is usually at least 4.4 km/s and the LAB is not detected or is detected at a depth of over 80 km. The SKS analysis of azimuthal anisotropy reveals lateral zoning in the upper mantle that is correlated to velocity zoning. Probably, the mechanically weak low-velocity mantle of the South Balkan system is easily deformed, and the azimuth of the fast direction of anisotropy (20°) indicates the direction of extension. At the northern stations, the fast direction (about –30°) may be a reflection of an older process.

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Muça, Etleva, Iwona Pomianek et Mariya Peneva. « The Role of GI Products or Local Products in the Environment—Consumer Awareness and Preferences in Albania, Bulgaria and Poland ». Sustainability 14, n^o 1 (21 décembre 2021) : 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010004.

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The main goal of this paper is to measure and compare the awareness and preferences of consumers in relation to local products in three countries: Albania, Bulgaria, and Poland. (1) Background: The analysis focused on consumer choices when presented with local products, specifically knowledge as to their environmentally friendly status. The study was evoked by the need to recognize and evaluate changes in consumer behavior as a result of the pandemic and the global challenges related to climate change and the widespread call for nature preservation. (2) Methods: An online survey was conducted with 300 respondents from Poland, 262 from Albania, and 250 from Bulgaria. Statistical analysis was applied. (3) Results: The study answered research questions about consumer readiness to pay a premium price and awareness about the impact of regional products on the environment and livelihood of rural communities. (4) Conclusions: The study proved that consumer perceptions and behavior are influenced by a variety of factors and driving forces in the three countries surveyed depending on socioeconomic characteristics and relevant policies. COVID-19 accelerated the demand for products derived from nature-friendly production systems. Products with geographical indication (GI products) are a better choice from the perspective of sustainable consumption.

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Mehedintu, Anca, Georgeta Soava et Mihaela Sterpu. « The Effect of Remittances on Poverty in the Emerging Countries of the European Union ». Sustainability 11, n^o 12 (13 juin 2019) : 3265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123265.

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In this paper we study the evolution of remittances and risk of poverty threshold for nine emerging countries in the European Union and analyzed the evolution and trend of the share of remittances in the risk of poverty threshold. The analysis was performed on data taken from the Eurostat database for the period 2005–2017. The statistical analysis of the data showed that the evolution of both remittances and risk of poverty threshold was heavily influenced by the global economic crisis. Although after the crisis, the risk of poverty threshold has seen a growing trend in all emerging countries, the remittances have experienced sinuous variations, dramatic declines for some of the countries (drastically for Romania and Latvia) and significant increases for others (Hungary). The results of the analysis using time-dependent regression models lead to the conclusion that, although the share of remittances in risk of poverty threshold diminished abruptly after the 2009 economic crisis, in the short term it is expected to maintain a growth trend for most of the analyzed countries (Bulgaria, Czechia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia), followed downward tendency after 2018 for Bulgaria and Romania, and after 2020 for Hungary and Lithuania. For Latvia and Estonia, both quadratic and cubic models estimate a decreasing evolution.

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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Environmental law – Bulgaria »

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