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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Environmental justice – European Union countries »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Environmental justice – European Union countries"

Lee, Bo Yeon. « Subsidiary Protection of the European Union and the Case Law of the Court of Justice of the European Union ». LAW RESEARCH INSTITUTE CHUNGBUK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 33, n^o 1 (30 juin 2022) : 169–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.34267/cblj.2022.33.1.169.

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Complementary (or subsidiary) protection refers to the international protection provided outside the system of the Geneva Convention. Refugees who cannot return to their home countries due to violence or inhumane treatment but does not fall into the the legal definition of the Convention may be granted complementary protection status. Korea provides the humanitarian residence permit as a complementary protection. However, the Refugee Act has a few provisions on a humanitarian stay permit. This article examines subsidiary protection in the European Union which established the Qualification Directive (QD) and the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) regarding the Directive. The QD provides refugee and subsidiary protection as a form of international protection. The objective of the Directive is to introduce the unified standards for determining who qualifies as a refugee or as a person eligible for subsidiary protection, and the content of international protection. Additionally, it was intended to equalize the legal status of subsidiary protection to refugee. The CJEU confirmed that the goal of the QD is to provide adequate protection to those who meet the requirements for international protection. The CJEU did not overlook the independent characters of the Directive, while taking into account the interpretation of other international treaties and the ECtHR. The Korean humanitarian residence permit system is not sufficient to fully revive the intent of complementary protection. To accomplish the purpose of international protection, it is required to draw clear rules regarding a humanitarian residence permit in the Refugee Act. It is also necessary to present clear requirements and application procedures for the permit, and to guarantee the status of humanitarian residents.

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Picchi, Marta. « Violence against Women and Domestic Violence : The European Commission’s Directive Proposal ». Athens Journal of Law 8, n^o 4 (30 septembre 2022) : 395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajl.8-4-3.

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The Commission proposed to enshrine in the law of the European Union minimum standards to criminalise certain forms of violence against women; protect victims and improve access to justice; support victims and ensure coordination between relevant services; and prevent these types of crimes from happening in the first place. In particular, the Commission’s proposal would make it possible, on the one hand, to surmount the gaps existing in some Member States and, on the other hand, to standardise the various national legislations with a single discipline valid in all the countries of the European Union. This paper focuses on the contents of the European Commission’s proposal by highlighting and reflecting on the key points. Keywords: Violence against women; Domestic violence; Directive proposal; European Commission; Minimum standards

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Ristić, Vladimir. « The European model of the integrated border management ». Pravo - teorija i praksa 39, n^o 2 (2022) : 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ptp2202091r.

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The enlargement of the European Union has called for a reevaluation of the way the external borders to be protected as a necessary consequence of the free movement of people in the European Union. It also appears to be a result of a fundamental component of the area of freedom, security and justice. The abolition of the internal border checks and a different approach to external borders followed by emerging forms of cross-border crime with a cross-border dimension, illegal migration, trafficking in human beings and terrorist threats constantly being on the rise, have requested a different approach. The lack of economic perspective, poverty, environmental disasters and wars have forced people to look for a better life else where, which has led to the most important global phenomenon of the 21st century migration. Migration issues have made us think about the important matters faced by developed countries independently, and as such they are currently at the top of the European Union's political agenda. To respond effectively to emerging challenges and threats, the European Union has expedited the development of the integrated border management as a generally acceptable border management model, as well as a key factor in improving migration management. The paper is based on the information gathered from the open sources of the European Union institutions, as well as from personal experiences gained throughout the course of border management reform in Republic of Serbia.

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Picard, Séverine. « Fair tax policies in the western Balkans : challenges and recommendations for a trade union agenda ». SEER 25, n^o 2 (2022) : 143–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/1435-2869-2022-2-143.

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This article examines the structure and scale of taxation in four western Balkans countries – Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia – in the context of the work of the international trade union organisations (the ITUC and the ETUC) to improve tax fairness and justice, and in seeking to hold multinational enterprises better to account. Based on a review of evidence from publications in the field authored by the major international organisations and drawing in particular on the Staff Working Documents produced by the European Commission, supplemented by field material gathered first-hand from trade unions active within these countries, the author sets out the challenges facing each of them in coming to terms with squeezed public finances, not least as a result of Covid-19, in the context of sizeable demands for public investment to deliver better public services. She closes by setting out an agenda which trade unions might adopt in broadening their calls for tax reform and, crucially, in developing the public debate about tax fairness and building alliances for change.

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Dinicu, Anca. « The Challenge Of Asylum To The European Union’s Policy In A Knowledge Based Society ». International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 21, n^o 1 (1 juin 2015) : 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2015-0004.

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Abstract Migration is not a new phenomenon. People have been forced or tempted to leave their homes since ancient times, due to the economic (lack of resources, type of property, level of national economy development, better careers, famine), social (family reunification, social justice, poverty), political (oppression, war, ideology) or environmental (flooding, drought) problems. If for some, migrating is a quest of improving an already good living, for many others, it is a quest of survival. On this second aspect the paper intends to focus on, especially by relating the issue with the pressure created not only upon some European countries, but also upon the European Union as a political international actor. It seems that migration reveals a whole spectrum of vulnerabilities concerning the European Union internal security, including lack of sane regulation, which if not tackled properly can easily create disorder and endanger regional security. One thing is for sure – tackling migration and asylum problems should be structured on solidarity and responsibility, both at national and European levels.

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Aldag, Ole. « Due Diligence and Environmental Damages Under Rome II ». European Review of Private Law 28, Issue 6 (1 décembre 2020) : 1231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2020074.

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Within the European Union, the Rome II Regulation determines the applicable law on cross-border matters of non-contractual nature. The paper examines the applicable law on environmental-related tort claims against European multi-national companies utilizing production facilities in third countries, either based on active misconduct or on alleged omission of environment-related due diligence. As these types of claims are an expression of misconduct by multinational corporations conducting business abroad, particular notice will be given to the applicable law on compensation claims for environmental damages allegedly caused by negligent compliance for environmental standards of either independent or subsidiary production facilities. While doing so, its main point of interest will be whether claims against European-based companies may be governed by the law of the effective seat of the latter. Considering that Article 7 Rome II provides for a special connecting factor regarding environmental damages, the paper examines whether Rome II does justice for due diligence-related cases on the conflict of laws level and argues for a nuanced approach to localize the place of the event giving rise to such damages. Private International Law, Environmental Damages, Civil Compensation, Torts, Corporate Social Responsibility, Rome II, Mandatory Rules, Public policy

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Raganelli, Biancamaria, et Pierre de Gioia Carabellese. « From the pandemic to the recovery : a legal analysi ». Estudios de Deusto 69, n^o 2 (27 décembre 2021) : 185–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/ed-69(2)-2021pp185-227.

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The Covid pandemic has raised various legal issues, fueling the scientific debate on the relationship between fundamental rights and freedoms in the global emergency context. Moreover, a case law has started developing within the different jurisdictions. Additionally, constitutional Courts, in different countries, have ruled over potential conflicts of interest among central powers and local ones, and even some decisa of the Court of Justice of the European Union have started “blossoming” in this area. Against the backdrop of this analysis, the paper discusses the main legal problems sparked off by the declaration of the state of emergency, with a focus on the main EU jurisdictions and with glimpses of non-EU countries. The aim of this is to discuss the balance between fundamental rights and liberties in decisa in different legal systems, as well as the interpretation given to principles of proportionality of the public health measures, adequacy, precaution and loyal collaboration and the relationship between freedom and limits to public power. Bearing this in mind, the purpose of the work is to demonstrate that, first and foremost, in Europe there is room for both a formal and a substantial recognition of common rights and liberties in terms of interpretation and application of constitutional traditions, shared by the different Member States. The relevant adherence to these principles is guaranteed by the European Court of Justice. Second, the recovery after the pandemic is an open challenge. An important opportunity for Europe and its Member States is materialising, and this is to take a step forward on the bumpy path toward a European Political Union capable of strengthening a structure weakened by several earthquakes. A path and a project still plenty of pitfalls that needs to regroup around a central core increasing unification among European peoples (art. 1 TEU), which has never meant to be an alternative to national identity. Received: 24.11.2021Accepted: 13.12.2021

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Stankiewicz, Wojciech. « Prawa imigrantów a wysiedlanie Romów we Francji i reakcja Unii Europejskiej ». Sprawy Narodowościowe, n^o 39 (15 février 2022) : 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sn.2011.027.

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Immigrant Rights vs Expulsions of the Roma People in France in Light of the European Union’s ReactionThe article first presents how immigration policies determine the norms which European Union countries apply in their law towards immigrants. Next the author deals with the Roma as a national minority living in France, where it is not yet recognised as equal to other national or ethnic communities. Even though Romany people are protected by law, their legal status is unstable due to their cultural dissimilarity. Numerous dilemmas arise, thus making it difficult to accept any official recognition of the Roma as a supranational or national minority.Relations between France and the European Union have deteriorated since the incident connected with the Roma deportations in 2010. There have been many accusations aimed at the French authorities, and also a threat of bringing proceedings against France before the Court of Justice. The EU strongly condemned France and its immigration policy. This, however, did not change French attitudes towards the Roma. The reaction of the EU did not result in a sudden change in French legislation which aims at preventing an influx of immigrants. In addition, France has introduced special acts to protect the country from a return influx of the Roma minority. The Directive on the free movement of citizens between EU countries has not been fully enforced in France. In the ensuing situation, the ratification of this document will occur in 2011.

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Lučić, Sonja. « The supplementary protection certificate : The recent decisions of the Court of justice of the European Union ». Pravo - teorija i praksa 38, n^o 4 (2021) : 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ptp2104101l.

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In recent years, public health systems in high-income countries have been heavily exposed to pressures due to high drug prices. High drug prices are affected by market monopolies that pharmaceutical companies have thanks to patents, i.e. the exclusive rights granted to them for drugs. An additional factor affecting high drug prices is the extended forms of intellectual property protection, including the extension of the exclusivity period after the expiration of a patent for medical devices. The supplementary protection certificate as a form of a supplementary protection for pharmaceutical products in the European Union is regulated by the Regulation 469/2009. This form of protection is also known in the national patent regulations. Since the entry into force of the Regulation 469/2009, there has been debated the question of whether the supplementary protection certificate should be available for new therapeutic uses of previously approved active ingredients. In addition, the subject of interpretation was also the Article 3(a) of the Regulation 469/2009 requiring that the "product" (i.e. the active ingredient or combination of active ingredients) being the subject matter of the SPC application, should be "protected by the basic patent". The author analyzes several important decisions of the EU Court of Justice, with an emphasis put on the recent verdicts in both the "Santen" and "Royality Pharma" cases. In the grounds of these cases, there have widely been discussed the issue concerning the encouragements given to pharmaceutical companies being involved into medical researches in order to stimulate their investment into innovation treatments.

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Mazzucco, Walter, Claudio Costantino, Vincenzo Restivo, Davide Alba, Claudia Marotta, Elisa Tavormina, Achille Cernigliaro et al. « The Management of Health Hazards Related to Municipal Solid Waste on Fire in Europe : An Environmental Justice Issue ? » International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n^o 18 (11 septembre 2020) : 6617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186617.

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Landfilling should be the last option in an integrated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management approach. In the European Union (EU), the policy framework to protect the environment and the public health against the impact of health hazards related to urban solid waste management has been consistently implemented in recent decades. A growing interest in the negative impact of fires in waste landfills on the environment and people’s health was reported in some European countries. In Italy, an increasing occurrence of arsons in MSW and landfills has been reported in recent years. During the summer of 2012, a multi-site arson occurred in the Palermo Municipal solid waste landfill of Bellolampo (western Sicily), giving rise to an environmental emergency of public health concern. Local health authorities reacted by creating an inter-institutional multidisciplinary task force with the aim to implement measures to prevent and control the risk of exposure by delimiting a protection area to be taken under strict monitoring. Environmental and epidemiological investigations were put in place by air, soil, and farm product sampling. A syndromic surveillance of the exposed population was conducted as well. The air monitoring stations system in place detected an increase in the concentrations of dioxins and dioxin-like substances with the PM10 highest emission pick documented within the first 24 h and estimated at about 60 μg/m3. Levels of heavy metals above the limits permitted by law were detected in the top- and sub-soil samples collected within the two landfill sampling sites and also in other nearby sites. Non-conforming concentration values of dioxins and dioxin-like substances were detected in samples taken from farms, milk, and water. The health syndromic surveillance did not document any daily increase in the notification of emergency admissions related to acute respiratory diseases or any other health effect potentially related to the waste arson, but these findings were limited by the non-systematic collection of data. The experience reported in the present case report, as declined within the European Union policy framework and in the view of environmental justice, documented the need to structure a permanent collaboration between the different institutional actors involved in environmental and public health protection activities in order to develop specific protocols to manage events related to the occurrence of waste-related environmental emergencies or disasters.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Environmental justice – European Union countries"

PAGANO, Mario. « Overcoming Plaumann : Environmental NGOs and access to justice before the CJEU ». Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/75102.

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Defence date: 05 December 2022
Examining Board : Professor Joanne Scott, (European University Institute, supervisor); Professor Claire Kilpatrick, (European University Institute); Professor Áine Ryall, (University College Cork); Professor Scott Cummings, (University of California, Los Angeles)
Since the early ‘90s, environmental NGOs have been fighting to be granted standing in actions for annulment. Direct access to the EU judiciary is hindered by the narrow interpretation given by the Court of the ‘individual concern’ requirement laid down under Article 263(4) TFEU. This narrow interpretation is known as ‘the Plaumann test’. By drawing from the literature on legal mobilisation and combining doctrinal and qualitative methods of analysis, the present dissertation explores how the European environmental movement has mobilised to overcome Plaumann in the last thirty years. In this regard, this thesis provides an empirical and theoretical contribution to the study of strategic litigation in the environmental domain. This by shedding light on the NGOs’ understanding of the legal opportunity structure in the EU, as well as on NGOs’ resources and legal strategies deployed to overcome Plaumann. This dissertation shows the relevance of networks membership in EU environmental litigation and argues that the lack of internal legal expertise does not necessarily prevent environmental organisations from resorting to legal mobilisation. Furthermore, this dissertation holds that, despite Plaumann, NGOs’ achievements are remarkable. In particular, the new Aarhus Regulation is expected to bring more legal mobilisation in Europe and deliver more disputes on the ‘science’ underlying EU environmental measures. Conversely, in the climate domain, NGOs are building what I conceptualised in terms of ‘transnational incremental judicial comfort’. The spreading of ‘judicial comfort’ in the climate context casts shadows on the CJEU, which looks increasingly ‘obsolete’ in the eyes of climate litigants. Finally, this dissertation argues that there is a demand within the European environmental movement for a different kind of EU environmental justice, which does not settle for administrative review of EU acts, but that rather strives for a more substantive judicial review of EU policy measures (including legislative acts).

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De, Matteis Pietro. « Sino-European energy, environmental and climate change diplomacy ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610458.

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Palmer, James Robert. « Science and politics in European energy and environmental policy : the wicked problem of biofuels and indirect land-use change (ILUC) ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608217.

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BAHMER, Larissa Elisabeth. « Chutes, ladders, snakes and surprises : policy durability and policy flexibility in EU energy and climate governance based on the governance regulation ». Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/69195.

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Award date: 26 September 2020
Supervisor : Professor Joanne Scott (European University Institute)
Whether the EU will live up to its leadership ambition in mitigating climate change to no little extent depends on whether the Governance Regulation will prove successful or whether it will add to the list of climate and energy policies which aimed high but performed low. This thesis analyses the legal arrangements of the Governance Regulation as embedded in the EU constitutional and administrative law framework in light of policy durability and policy flexibility, with the aim of assessing whether the Governance Regulation promises to build a long-lasting yet adaptable foundation for EU energy and climate governance that facilitates ratcheting up ambition and progress toward a ‘climate neutral’ Union.

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Deleau, Delphine. « The European court of justice 'open skies' judgments of 5 November 2002 : a Euopean contribution to the multilateral framework for International Aviation relations ». Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80914.

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The 'Open Skies' policy launched by the United States in 1992 gave birth to new bilateral agreements between them and most Member States of the European Union, as the latter were adopting a single aviation market. Nevertheless, the nationality clause the agreements included conflicted with the Community principle of freedom of establishment.
On November 5, 2002, the European Court of Justice therefore ruled there was indeed violation. However, the true question raised by the agreements focused less on such violation, which was anterior to those agreements, than on their fragmentation and the inequality they created in the Europe/United States aviation relations.
Indeed, the issue to be stressed in the judgments is linked to the building of the external competence of the Union with regards to aviation. While the Court refused to grant total competence to the Community, it made that of the Member States impracticable, leading to a global mandate for the Commission.
Although the orientations of the agreements to be concluded are foreseeable, the role the European Union will play in a potential multilateral negotiation remains to be defined.

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Liang, Zheng Yun. « The enviromental principles of the European Union ». Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2120095.

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Li, Qian. « European Union normative approaches to enviromental governance ». Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2120096.

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Dalby, Andrew K. « European integrationist influences on member states' counter-terrorist co-operation and co-ordination ». Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14394.

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Under the competences of the European Union's intergovernmentally controlled Justice and Home Affairs policy, counter-terrorist co-operation and co-ordination of efforts have progressed at a rapid pace following the 11 September attacks on the USA. Given, however, that Europe has experienced entrenched terrorist campaigns for the past three decades, one could be forgiven for questioning, in light of the unique co-operative position of Western Europe, why it has taken so long for the membership of the EU to reach a common definition of terrorism. Also why is it that even now, the EU has failed to develop a common policy against terrorism? Political explanations are traditional responses to such questions, but there is a risk of underestimating the complexities of the European Project, and the effect which this has had on so many areas of transnational co-operation. By focusing therefore on the often-overlooked role played by European integration on counter-terrorist co-operation, in addition to empirical analysis of the efficiency of the co-operative structures, we place ourselves in a more beneficial position to understand the current situation. Intergovernmentalism, the controlling force of JHA co-operation, we find is not mutually exclusive to law-enforcement co-operation. Two theories tested for supranational influences - neo-functionalism and federalism - have also played their part, from the early 1960s onwards, in facilitating co-operation. The historical emphasis is important, because co-operation prior to the regulation of much of this area within the EU, following the Treaties of Economic Union, provides us with ample material for analysis and greater insight into the JHA process and counter-terrorism. Intergovernmentalism has helped push counter-terrorist co-operation along, but equally we find that it now serves as a hindrance in completing its development because of its in-built tendency to retain subsidiarity. Counter terrorist co-operation, we conclude, need not be restricted to intergovernmental control any longer.

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Pitrone, Federica. « Defining “Environmental Taxes” : Input from the Court of Justice of the European Union ». IUS ET VERITAS, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122709.

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In this article, the author proposes a new approach to the definition of the term “environmental taxes”, taking into account a recent judgement of the Court of Justice of the European Union.
En el presente artículo, el autor propone un nuevo enfoque con relación a la definición del término “impuesto ambiental” tomando en consideración a la jurisprudencia del tribunal de Justicia de la unión europea.

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Wei, De Cai. « Trade related environmental measures of European Union : a new kind of trade barriers ? » Thesis, University of Macau, 2005. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1637069.

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Livres sur le sujet "Environmental justice – European Union countries"

Elio, Fazzalari, et Fortin Pierre, dir. Civil justice in the countries of the European Union. Padova : CEDAM, 1998.

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Sukhwinder, Bajwa, dir. The legal framework of the European union. London : F. Cass, 1997.

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Barnes, Pamela M. Environmental policy in the European Union. Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar, 1999.

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Vermeulen, G. EU standards in witness protection and collaboration with justice. Antwerp : Maklu, 2005.

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Creating environmental policy in the European Union. Basingstoke : Macmillan, 2000.

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European Union environmental law : An introduction to key selected issues. Aldershot, Hants, England : Ashgate, 2004.

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Environmental judicial review. Oxford : Hart Pub., 2011.

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Coping with accession to the European Union : New modes of environmental governance. Basingstoke, Hampshire : Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

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Grant, Wyn. The effectiveness of European union environmental policy. New York : St. Martin's Press, 2000.

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Bernd, Martenczuk, Thiel Servaas van et Vrije Universiteit Brussel. Institute for European Studies., dir. Justice, liberty, security : New challenges for EU external relations. Brussels : VUBPRESS, 2008.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Environmental justice – European Union countries"

Buzogány, Aron. « Neighbourhood Countries : Promoting Environmental Protection Close to Home ». Dans European Union External Environmental Policy, 233–52. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60931-7_12.

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Larsson, Jessica. « The Role of the European Court of Justice ». Dans The European Union and Developing Countries, 28–41. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230509184_3.

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Ellermann, Franz. « Twinning — a challenge for both candidate countries and Member States ». Dans Environmental Protection in the European Union, 135–53. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09714-4_12.

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Krämer, Ludwig. « The Court of Justice of the European Union ». Dans Environmental Policy in the EU, 110–27. 4^e éd. Fourth edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. : Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429402333-9.

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Ogbonna, Chika Ubaldus. « Adaptation to Climate Change in Developing Countries : A Need in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria ». Dans Environmental Protection in the European Union, 165–85. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77614-7_10.

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Fellmer, Bettina. « The adoption of the acquis communautaire in environmental legislation in the accession countries — examples under German co-ordination ». Dans Environmental Protection in the European Union, 113–24. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09714-4_10.

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Badura, Marianne. « Twinning as an instrument for implementing the principles of ecological planning in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe ». Dans Environmental Protection in the European Union, 125–34. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09714-4_11.

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den Boer, Monica, et Gilles de Kerchove. « A Hurdled Admission : The Integration of the Candidate Countries Into the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice ». Dans The European Union and the International Legal Order : Discord or Harmony ?, 315–29. The Hague : T.M.C. Asser Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-409-7_15.

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Martinho, Vítor João Pereira Domingues. « The Economic, Social, and Environmental Determinants for the Agricultural Output in Some European Union Countries ». Dans The Agricultural Economics of the 21st Century, 49–70. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09471-7_5.

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Scaffardi, Lucia, et Giulia Formici. « Introduction : Feeding the Future Sustainably—What Role for Novel Foods and Edible Insects ? » Dans Novel Foods and Edible Insects in the European Union, 1–11. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13494-4_1.

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AbstractFood systems all over the world are increasingly under pressure: according to the United Nations, in 2020, 2.37 billion people suffered hunger or were unable to eat a healthy balanced diet on a regular basis. This worrying scenario, mainly affecting developing countries in the Global South, has been exacerbated by different phenomena such as climate change, the global spread of Covid-19, and recent geopolitical tensions. In this context, innovation and technological progress have been considered important allies to promote environmental, social and economic sustainability in the food sector and provide solid answers to the urgent demand of accessible and safe food for present and future generations. So-called Novel Foods represent an interesting and relevant example of the potential role of innovation for the guaranteeing of food security. This introductive chapter aims to present the main issues affecting the food sector globally and offer some first insights on this Volume’s main topics: Novel Foods in the European Union and a particular category of ‘new’ foods, namely insects for human consumption. The structure of the book and the reasons behind the content selection are explored, highlighting the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to such a complex topic.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Environmental justice – European Union countries"

Miolo De Oliveira, Caio, Rita Assoreira Almendra, Ana Rita Lourenço et Tiago Leitão. « Community Engagement Methodology for the Academic Design Curriculum ». Dans 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001372.

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Design profession has become quite resignified over time, being increasingly associated with an approach to involve people working collaboratively to co-create new opportunities for the welfare, solve complex problems or even favor innovation processes, whether they are applied in business environments or in the social sphere. By acting in this scope, Design is articulating social innovation processes, as it is developing strategies, whether through products or services, so that the actors related to the existing context can be active agents of transformation. In synergy with this approach, there is another participatory aspect, originating from other areas of knowledge: Community Engagement Methodology. This encompasses a process for providing information, empowering the community to identify solutions to their needs, as well as influencing priorities and strategic decisions. In this context, despite having enough theoretical and practical research implemented to favor community engagement, it appears that the academic curricula of Design courses do not work so specifically with community engagement/ implementation of social innovation processes. Thus, this paper reveals a methodology developed during PhD research in Design that aimed to favor the social reintegration of offenders and ex-offenders. This methodology, made up of different methods, was created in codesign with a Portuguese social cooperative, which was one of the promoters of a project co-founded by the European Union, between 2017 and 2020. The methodology was applied to professionals of the Criminal Justice System who work within the scope of reintegration in four countries (Portugal, Italy, Romania, and Germany), who evaluated it very positively. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to reveal the community involvement methodology created and propose ways that it can be implemented in Design curricula, to encourage and favor the development of solutions and improvements in different social contexts.

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Sinicakova, Marianna. « ENVIRONMENTAL�PROTECTION�EXPENDITURES�IN�THE�EUROPEAN�UNION:�THE�CASE�OF�THE�VISEGRAD�COUNTRIES ». Dans SGEM2012 12th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference and EXPO. Stef92 Technology, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2012/s22.v4017.

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Panagoreţ, Andreea, Dragos Panagoreţ et Tomislav Kandyija. « Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy of the European Union ». Dans G.I.D.T.P. 2019 - Globalization, Innovation and Development, Trends and Prospects 2019. LUMEN Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/gidtp2022/16.

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Sustainable development approaches the concept of quality of life in all its complexity, from an economic, social and environmental point of view, promoting the idea of the balance between economic development, social equity, efficient use and conservation of the environment. By its very nature, sustainable development represents the need for responsibility and education for environmental protection, and this aspect is reflected in the evolution of community policy in recent years, a policy marked by the transition from an approach based on constraint and sanction, to a more flexible, based one on incentives. Thus, it is acting in the direction of a voluntary approach, in order to promote this environmental responsibility and to encourage the use of environmental management systems. The environmental policy does not act independently, but reflects the interest of civil society in this direction, manifested by the creation of numerous environmental movements and organizations. Moreover, in some countries the creation and development of "green" political parties has been achieved, with real success in the political arena. However, resistance - or, more properly, the restraint and inertia that manifests itself, should not be forgotten, when environmental objectives seem to limit industrial competitiveness and economic growth; but this aspect only emphasizes once again the need for a concerted approach at European level and the need for an active and integrated environmental policy, capable of responding to the challenges that appear economically. The European environmental policy is based on the principles of precaution, prevention, correction of pollution at source and "polluter pays". The precautionary principle is a risk management tool that can be invoked if there is scientific uncertainty about a possible risk to human health or the environment, arising from a particular action or policy.

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Fanelli, R. M., et A. Di Nocera. « 27. Differences and analogies in the environmental aspects among agricultural sectors of European Union countries ». Dans 55th SIDEA Conference. The Netherlands : Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-898-8_27.

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PRANDECKI, Konrad, et Edyta GAJOS. « THE SHARE OF AGRICULTURE IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES – VALUATION ». Dans RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.255.

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Reducing greenhouse gases emissions is one of the major environmental challenges of the modern world. The European Union (EU) has set itself ambitious reduction targets. Proper monitoring of emissions and its valuation is necessary to achieve this goal. In addition, valuation (in monetary terms) will help to raise awareness of the climate change costs among society. The aim of this article is to present international comparisons within the EU covering the monitoring and valuation of aggregate emissions of selected greenhouse gases in general and in agriculture. The study uses Eurostat data for the years 2007-2015. The evaluation was based on the average annual price of carbon dioxide allowances under the European Union Emissions Trading System. Leipzig stock market data were used to determine the price. The study compares the total greenhouse gas emissions and its value in different EU countries. These results show that the largest emitters in the EU are Germany, United Kingdom, France. A comparison of per capita and per GDP emissions results in an almost reversal of this order. The share of agriculture in greenhouse gas emissions was 11% in 2015 and ranged between countries from 3% (Malta) do 32% (Ireland). The results show also that the decline in value is greater than the decrease in emissions. This is due to the dramatic change in the price of allowances. The decrease in quantity of agricultural emission was 0,5%, whilst the decrease in value was 55,5% between years 2008 and 2015.

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Arghius, Viorel, Horatiu Stefanie, Octavian Liviu Muntean, Nicolae Baciu et Corina Arghius. « ANALYSIS OF HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL DISASTERS IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES IN THE PERIOD 2000-2021 ». Dans 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/4.1/s19.33.

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Over time, hydro-meteorological disasters, also called weather and/or climate-related disasters have recorded the highest occurrence of natural disasters, not only in European Union (EU) countries, but also worldwide, causing a total of most damage and life losses. Using available updated EM-DAT international disaster database, this study aim to provide the results derived from the analysis of the weather and climate-related disaster at EU countries level. Countries and disaster type disparities in terms of frequency, distribution, mortality and economic losses are highlighted. Since the reported losses have a certain amount of uncertainty, or are missing for some events, only the relevant disasters that resulted in at least ten people death and/or 10 million US$ have been assessed in this study. The EU countries population and GDP/capita time-series data were collected from the statistical database of European Environmental Agency (EEA). Between 2000 and 2021, EM-DAT reported 225 relevant natural disasters in EU countries, causing 86,390 deaths and total estimated direct damages of 186 billion US$. Among all these disasters those triggered by floods prove to be the most prevalent (40 %), followed by storms (28 %). In terms of mortality, most of the killed people were caused by heat waves, with a total of 81,673 registered deaths. Focusing on direct economic losses, floods provide more than half of the damages recorded so far, accounting 59.2 % of losses. Average annual economic losses in EU countries were around 8.5 billion US$, while the average losses per capita were almost 400 US$, which means an average annual loss of about 18 US$ per capita. During this period, no relevant trend was found for the variables analysed.

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Muszyński, Robert, et Katarzyna Kocur-Bera. « Opportunities and Barriers to the Development of Poland in the Field of Renewable Energy Sources as Compared to the European Union ». Dans 11th International Conference “Environmental Engineering”. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2020.604.

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Today, almost all of civilisation is based on energy. To a large extent, energy is being continuously acquired from non-renewable raw materials deposited in the Earth’s crust. Renewable sources provide alternative, infinite energy resources, particularly solar radiation, wind power and water movement. The Paris Agreement envisages the complete abandonment of fossil fuels by the year 2050 for all EU Member States. From a technical point of view, a complete transition to renewable energy sources (RES) is very difficult to achieve. In the case of Poland, the way to 100% RES is longer and more complex than in most EU countries. The main purpose of the conducted analysis was to thoroughly assess the possibilities for obtaining energy from inexhaustible sources as well as the benefits of various procedures in order to develop an optimal set of solutions. The aim of the presented study is to indicate the possibilities for the development of construction investments in the field of renewable energy sources that have an inseparable impact on spatial management. To achieve this aim, the method of research of the available literature and legislation was applied.

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Aanstoos, Ted A. « Management Challenges in Emerging European Union Eco-Standards ». Dans ASME 2004 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2004-52115.

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The European Union is 450 million citizens in 25 otherwise sovereign countries, but connected in a multinational federal metastate that claims a combined economy in excess of $9 trillion (US), making it one of the world’s largest economies. As a community faced with massive decontamination and re-industrialization from devastating wars, Europe places due emphasis on issues of environmental sustainability and pollution prevention. Under broad policy guidelines of the New Approach and Integrated Product Planning frameworks, the European Commission is drafting legislation that will mandate eco-standards for all energized end-use equipment for sale in the internal market. These proposed standards may raise controversy in many industry sectors and international arenas (including within Europe itself) because they may not be based on sound and accepted scientific analysis, because they may constitute a de-facto violation at least in spirit of the Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement, and because nobody can yet predict their cost impact and other market effect. Compliance with these emerging energy efficiency regulations will impose considerable management requirements on manufacturers as they devise documentation and certification programs for their products that are likely to be of a scope similar to ISO 14000. This paper assesses the new requirements from a product and design management perspective.

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Broniewicz, Elzbieta. « Environmental goods and services sector ». Dans Business and Management 2016. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2016.28.

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The main objective of the following paper is to present the Environmental Goods and Services Sector (EGSS) in European Union countries. The Environmental Goods and Services Sector is one of the modules of environmental economic accounts, as satellite accounts in relation to national accounts. The first part of the paper gives an overiew of EGSS definitions and classifications. In second part, the comparison between the EGSS variables in certain EU countries was made. The output, export and employment of the Environmental Goods and Services System were analyzed. The data is presented by environmental protection domains and natural resources managements domains, as well as by economic activity.

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DRĂCEA, Raluca, et Laura CIOBANU. « THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR TO ECONOMIC GROWTH IN ROMANIA ». Dans Competitiveness of Agro-Food and Environmental Economy. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/cafee/2019/8/08.

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Although agriculture is one of the main economic sectors of Romania, its contribution to GDP has constantly decreased over the last 28 years, from 23.00% in 1989 to 4.37% in 2017. This phenomenon is explained by the fact that Romania’s economy past from being an economy based on an agricultural structure to one based on services. Even though the contribution of agriculture to GDP formation is declining, Romania still has the largest share of the agricultural sector in the GDP structure from all the countries of the European Union – about 3 times higher than the European average, and also the highest share of agricultural land in the total land area. These aspects show that within the member countries of the European Union, Romania is the country most dependent on agriculture, with the largest number of people involved in agriculture and with the largest share of agricultural areas in total. In this context, the paper analyzes the impact of the agricultural sector on Romania’s economic growth, between 2000-2017. The empirical analysis is based on three independent variables (agricultural production, public expenditure on agriculture and direct investment in agriculture) and one dependent variable (GDP at constant prices). The data panel consists of information provided by the NIS (National Institute of Statistics), and the data are analyzed using multiple regression.

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