Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Environmental ethics, pro-environmental values, immigrants »

The environmental issues such as deforestation, climate change, ozone layer depletion, greenhouse effect and pollution of air, water and soil rises due to unethical activity of human beings and behaviour of humankind. Environmental degradation and the deterioration of human moral values are inter-connected with each other. So, environmental revolution required a transformation in human behaviour. Virtue ethics could be used as an instrument to develop a pro-environmental behaviour. Virtue ethics is primarily concerned with what kind of people we should be, what kind of characters we should have, and how we should act. This directly develops one’s moral character as well as pro-environmental character and behaviour, i.e., wisely use the natural resources; develop the habit to preserve the nature. Virtue ethics would be built to bridge the gap between human behaviour and the needs of environment. This paper emphasizes the implications of virtue ethics to bring changes in human character and behaviour to resolve the current environmental problems.

Education is one of the potential efforts in overcoming the current and future environmental crisis. Cultivation of awareness of the preservation of natural resources and environment within the school environment can be done through teaching and learning process that contains environmental education, green school environment, and supported by school facilities. Numerous theoretical frameworks have been developed to explain the gap between the possession of environmental knowledge and environmental awareness, and displaying pro-environmental behavior. This research describes what factors will influence pro-environmental behavior at students. Using Quantitative method and Convenience Sampling at students in Junior High School at Bandung-West Java Indonesia. Internal and External factors were analyzed to discover positive and negative aspect that influenced pro-environmental behavior such as demographic factors, external factors (e.g. school, economic, social and cultural) and internal factors (e.g. motivation, pro-environmental knowledge, awareness, values, attitudes, responsibilities and priorities). Specific recommendations for school are provided, and implication for educators are discussed. Finally suggestion for further research on pro-environmental behavior at students are provided. Environmental education at school are important as the basis of formation at green ethics across generations.

Background: Human health is dependent upon environmental sustainability. Many have argued that environmental sustainability advocacy and environmentally responsible healthcare practice are imperative healthcare actions. Research questions: What are the key obstacles to healthcare professionals supporting environmental sustainability? How may these obstacles be overcome? Research design: Data-driven thematic qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews identified common and pertinent themes, and differences between specific healthcare disciplines. Participants: A total of 64 healthcare professionals and academics from all states and territories of Australia, and multiple healthcare disciplines were recruited. Ethical considerations: Institutional ethics approval was obtained for data collection. Participants gave informed consent. All data were de-identified to protect participant anonymity. Findings: Qualitative analysis indicated that Australian healthcare professionals often take more action in their personal than professional lives to protect the environment, particularly those with strong professional identities. The healthcare sector’s focus on economic rationalism was a substantial barrier to environmentally responsible behaviour. Professionals also feared conflict and professional ostracism, and often did not feel qualified to take action. This led to healthcare professionals making inconsistent moral judgements, and feeling silenced and powerless. Constraints on non-clinical employees within and beyond the sector exacerbated these difficulties. Discussion: The findings are consistent with the literature reporting that organisational constraints, and strong social identification, can inhibit actions that align with personal values. This disparity can cause moral distress and residue, leading to feelings of powerlessness, resulting in less ethical behaviour. Conclusion: The data highlight a disparity between personal and professional actions to address environmental sustainability. Given the constraints Australian healthcare professionals encounter, they are unlikely to shift to environmentally responsible practice without support from institutions and professional associations. Professional development is required to support this endeavour. The poor transference of pro-ecological behaviour from one setting to another is likely to have international implications for healthcare practice.

The article introduces a cultural research of the mega-project “One Belt — One Road”. It shows that the People’s Republic of China positions its global initiative to resurrect the Great Silk Road as an infrastructure project. Its realization is accompanied exclusively by political and economic discourse. According to the author, it is a great omission since the success or failure of the grandiose plans of the Celestial Empire depends not as much on the administrative and financial resources involved as on the sincere interest and involvement of people, on the interaction in terms of a much wider cultural background. The study of Russian information materials devoted to this project shows that the humanitarian component of the New Silk Road still remains at the level of declarations and formal thematic procedures. The project lacks publicity. The great history of the Silk Road is not updated. The cultural perspective of its revival is out of the discussion. No one dreams of enriching the cultural synthesis. Any anticipation of discoveries and prospects is not heard of. The project as a whole lies on the periphery of media attention and evaluation. But what would happen if globalization continues its development not from the Protestant ethics standpoint but the Confucian or Buddhist one? It might offer a good alternative that would change everything. This can change many things if accompanied by goodwill but we do not see discussions pertaining to the cultural transformations the project may lead to. One can observe rather the opposite. In the eighth year of the implementation of the initiative “One Belt — One Road”, a project hitting the scope of transformations and huge investments, the enthusiasm of its participants (politicians, administrators, and businessmen) is often tinged with doubts caused by discrepancies in understanding events and agreements. Ontological reasons for such a state of affairs constitute the cultural constellation (dependence upon a point of view and the divergence of the ontical “assembly” of the same phenomena). Through viewing specific examples, the author concludes that the misunderstanding of ideological landmarks, the incomprehensibility of values, the diversity of motivation and aspirations of participants make the confidential and interested cooperation problematic. Without actualization of discourse, without involving people in co-creation, without a broad and deep inclusion of the informally organized humanitarian sphere, where the problems of “human, too human” are solved, the project is unlikely to meet expectations in terms of its historical mission.

Various environmental problems occur due to human behavior. This behavior is influenced by the way a person views his environment. The perspective is influenced by the values ??believed. Inappropriate behavior and low morale in managing the environment will cause damage. For this reason, a concept of human leadership is needed for nature which can be used as a guide for environmental management. This article aims to examine the concept of khalîfah fî al-ard in environmental ethics perspective. This article is the result of an in-depth study of relevant libraries. This article argues that the concept of khalîfah fî al-ard originating from the Qur'an is very relevant to environmental ethics biosentrism and ecocentrism. The concept of khalîfah fî al-ard which is interpreted as the representative of Allah on earth should be a human starting point in managing and maintaining the environment, so that this concept is one of the strategic means of structuring and maintaining the environment. The concept of khalîfah fî al-ard can be realized into a pro-environment movement. It is very important for us as Muslims to understand the essential meaning of ourselves as khalîfah fî al-ard who cares the earth from damage.

The human and social security paradigm has been developed and shaped at different levels in various countries and political regions as a result of their diverse development of civilisation. Security in all spheres of social life has become a paradigm of the present and the future and, following its creation, has caused mental changes in the human value system. The system of values developed at universities, in terms of peaceful coexistence, tolerance, respect for the canons of law, and environmental protection, is becoming an interpretation of the quality of human life. This means that universities, regardless of their educational and scientific research profiles, are actively involved in building security in their micro- and macro-environment in the short and long term. The social responsibility of universities to shape a safe environment consists in including the following in the content of education and in the system of values of graduates: human rights, assumptions of humanitarianism, ethics, tolerance, environmental protection, respect for the law, shaping pro-social attitudes, and many others arising from the challenges of the present and future.

Community water fluoridation (CWF), a long-established public health intervention, has been studied for scientific evidence from both of yea and nay standpoints. To justify CWF with scientific evidence inevitably leads to ethical justification, which raises the question of whether oral health is of individual concern or social responsibility. As dental caries is a public health problem, public health ethics should be applied to the topic instead of generic clinical ethics. From both pro- and anti-fluoridationists’ perspectives, CWF is a public health policy requiring a significant level of intervention. Thus, there needs to take further considerations for justifying CWF beyond the simple aspect of utility. For further ethical considerations on CWF, three caveats were suggested: procedural justice, social contexts, and maintenance of trust. The process to justify CWF should also be justified, not simply by majority rule but participatory decision-making with transparency and pluralistic democracy. Social contexts are to be part of the process of resolving conflicting values in public health interventions. Public trust in the dental profession and the oral healthcare system should be maintained over the considerations. This article suggests accountability for reasonableness as a framework to consider infringement by CWF for public justification of its implementation.

With the recent development of drone technology, object detection technology is emerging, and these technologies can also be applied to illegal immigrants, industrial and natural disasters, and missing people and objects. In this paper, we would like to explore ways to increase object detection performance in these situations. Photography was conducted in an environment where it was confusing to detect an object. The experimental data were based on photographs that created various environmental conditions, such as changes in the altitude of the drone, when there was no light, and taking pictures in various conditions. All the data used in the experiment were taken with F11 4K PRO drone and VisDrone dataset. In this study, we propose an improved performance of the original YOLOv5 model. We applied the obtained data to each model: the original YOLOv5 model and the improved YOLOv5_Ours model, to calculate the key indicators. The main indicators are precision, recall, F-1 score, and mAP (0.5), and the YOLOv5_Ours values of mAP (0.5) and function loss were improved by comparing it with the original YOLOv5 model. Finally, the conclusion was drawn based on the data comparing the original YOLOv5 model and the improved YOLOv5_Ours model. As a result of the analysis, we were able to arrive at a conclusion on the best model of object detection under various conditions.

<p><em>Media bias will always be an interesting topic to be examined. Media plays some important roles in society. One of its roles is building public opinions. In this case, media has been assumed to be biased as it might take some advantages from its position. This study aims at investigating The Jakarta Post’s bias towards the environmental preservation issues (an ecolinguistic study). The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive method by applying Van Dijk’s model of critical discourse analysis. This research model does not only analyze the aspect of text structure but also social cognition and social context. The object for this study is the news texts taken from The Jakarta Post Online. The result of the study showed that The Jakarta Post showed its bias towards environmental preservation issues by positioning itself as a pro’s side . In the text structure level, its bias can be identified with the way it chose the theme, topics, schemes and lexical choices which were in accordance with environmental ethics principles. In the social cognition level, its bias can be identified with the nature of the knowledge involved in showing its position in accordance with environmental preservation mission. In the social context level, its bias can be identified with the social values reflected from the news and certain group domination involved in the Jakarta Post’s news report which was in accordance with pro-environmental preservation. Generally, The Jakarta Post showed its progressive attitude or tendency to the change by intensely discussing environmental issues which implied the ideas of improving the way people should preserve their environment.</em></p><p> </p><p><em>Keberpihakan media akan selalu menjadi bahan yang menarik untuk diteliti. Media memainkan peran penting dalam masyarakat. Salah satu peran media adalah membangun opini publik. Dalam hal ini, media telah diasumsikan memiliki keberpihakan karena media dapat mengambil keuntungan dari posisinya tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat keberpihakan The Jakarta Post terhadap isu pelestarian lingkungan hidup (sebuah kajian ekolinguistik). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan analisis wacana kritis model Van Dijk. Model penelitian ini tidak hanya menganalisis aspek struktur teks, melainkan juga kognisi sosial dan konteks sosial. Objek penelitian ini adalah teks berita yang diambil dari media berita online The Jakarta Post. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa The Jakarta Post menunjukkan keberpihakannya terhadap isu pelestarian lingkungan hidup dengan meposisikan dirinya sebagai pihak yang mendukung. Dalam tataran struktur teks, keberpihakannya dapat diidentifikasi dari tema, topik, skema wacana dan pilihan kata yang digunakan yang sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip etika lingkungan. Dalam tataran kognisi sosial, keberpihakannya dapat diidentifikasi dari sifat pengetahuan yang dilibatkan yang menunjukkan posisinya yang sejalan dengan misi pelestarian lingkungan hidup. Dalam tataran konteks sosial, keberpihakannya dapat diidentifikasi dari nilai-nilai sosial yang tercermin dari berita dan dominasi kelompok yang dilibatkan dalam pelaporan berita yang ditulis The Jakarta Post yang berada pada posisi pro-pelestarian lingkungan hidup. Secara umum, The Jakarta Post menunjukkan sikap progresif atau cenderung kepada perubahan dengan mengulas secara intens isu-isu pelestarian lingkungan hidup yang secara tersirat menyarankan perlu adanya peningkatan terhadap upaya-upaya pelestarian lingkungan hidup.</em><em></em></p>

Le condizioni in cui versa il nostro pianeta sono sempre più gravi: sembra emergere in modo piuttosto evidente la responsabilità umana in relazione ai cambiamenti climatici e ambientali a livello planetario. Tale responsabilità assume almeno due aspetti principali: da un lato, rispetto a quelle visioni del mondo, della natura e dell’ambiente che hanno orientato le scelte, le decisioni e i comportamenti umani nei confronti dell’ambiente naturale; dall’altro, rispetto alla responsabilità, alla quale il genere umano è chiamato, di operare in maniera tale da interrompere il ciclo di sfruttamento e distruzione, compiendo una vera e propria ‘inversione di rotta’. La progressiva comparsa di nuove e sempre più forti crisi ambientali richiama alla necessità di focalizzarsi sulla relazione tra esseri umani e natura e sui valori che sono alla base di tale relazione. Dalla fine degli anni ’60 del secolo scorso quando iniziò a manifestarsi la crisi ambientale, si può notare come la filosofia abbia rivolto la sua attenzione, in maniera sempre maggiore, alla relazione tra esseri umani e natura, cercando di individuare le cause dei problemi ecologici. La riflessione filosofica su tale relazione si colloca all’interno della più ampia riflessione dell’etica ambientale, che nel corso della storia del pensiero umano ha esteso sempre di più il proprio campo d’interesse, attraverso la metafora del “cerchio morale di espansione”, ampliandolo sia dal punto di vista temporale, includendo le generazioni future, sia dal punto di vista spaziale, includendo dapprima il mondo degli animali non-umani e, in seguito, anche l’ambiente e i sistemi viventi. Diversi studi internazionali in questo campo sono stati condotti, con differenti gruppi etnici, a livello nazionale e cross-national. Non sembrano, tuttavia, essere presenti degli studi che abbiano esplorato i punti di vista sulla natura e l’ambiente di soggetti provenienti da diversi gruppi etnici immigrati in un singolo stato, utilizzando approcci qualitativi o Mixed Methods, senza compiere delle comparazioni tra le diverse culture. Restando all'interno della prospettiva delle Etiche dell’ambiente, fondata sulla rilevanza che hanno i valori e le visioni del mondo nell'orientare i comportamenti umani, gli obiettivi della presente ricerca sono di esplorare la relazione tra gli esseri umani, l’ambiente naturale e gli animali non umani, i punti di vista e i significati attribuiti alla natura e alcune dimensioni concernenti i valori ambientali, i comportamenti in favore dell’ambiente e la consapevolezza dell’esistenza dei problemi ecologici. Il presente studio è volto a comprendere il punto di vista degli immigrati in Italia, a conoscere alcuni aspetti della loro cultura relativamente ai temi ambientali e alla sostenibilità, attraverso le loro narrazioni individuali, con l'intento di contribuire a una comprensione generale della relazione tra esseri umani e ambiente naturale e a gettare luce su alcuni aspetti inesplorati nella popolazione immigrata in Italia, relativamente a tale relazione. L’attenzione si è rivolta verso soggetti appartenenti a diversi gruppi etnici, immigrati in Italia e il gruppo dei partecipanti è stato individuato principalmente tramite delle associazioni d’immigrati in due aree: Milano, Parma e le rispettive province. Soggetti adulti, di diversi gruppi etnici, immigrati in Italia come prima generazione sono stati coinvolti nella ricerca come gruppo di partecipanti. In considerazione del fatto che lo scopo dello studio non è quello di ottenere risultati quantitativi su larga scala ma, piuttosto, quello di condurre un’analisi approfondita del pensiero individuale, si è scelto di utilizzare un approccio Mixed Methods, attraverso uno strumento quantitativo composto da una sezione di domande strutturate con risposta multipla su scala Likert, affiancato ad una intervista qualitativa. La sezione quantitativa ha preso ispirazione da precedenti studi quantitativi, principalmente condotti in ambiti psicologici, sociologici, economici, basati sull'utilizzo di scale volte a rilevare i valori ambientali e i comportamenti in favore dell’ambiente. L’intervista qualitativa è stata elaborata con l’intento di promuovere la narrazione delle esperienze dei rispondenti, a partire dai loro contesti di vita originari, relativamente alla loro relazione con l’ambiente naturale e gli animali nel loro paese d’origine e in Italia. Le narrazioni raccolte hanno contribuito a un arricchimento culturale grazie allo sguardo molteplice proveniente da diverse culture, focalizzato sulla relazione tra esseri umani, natura e animali a mostrare alcuni aspetti non ancora esplorati nella popolazione immigrata in Italia, relativamente a tale relazione.
The Planet Earth has entered into the Anthropocene Era, scientist J.P.Crutzen said. It’s the Era of human beings, distinguished from the previous ones by the impact that humans are having on the climate and planetary environment. It’s rather clear that human responsibility is strongly implicated in the planetary changes. This responsibility takes at least two main aspects. On the one hand, with respect to those visions of the world, the nature and the environment that have guided the choices, the decisions and the human behavior towards nature and the environment. On the other, regarding the responsibility to which the mankind is called, in working to stop the cycle of exploitation and destruction, and make a real 'change of direction'. The emergence of new and increasingly strong environmental crisis emphasizes the need to focus on the relationships between humans and nature and the values underpinning them. Since the '70s, with the emergence of the environmental crisis, philosophy has increasingly turned its attention towards the relationship ‘humans-nature’. Philosophy reflection is inscribed within the Environmental Ethics perspective that has gradually extended its field of interest, through the metaphor of the "moral circle expansion", widening temporally, including future generations, and spatially, including the world's non-human animals and the environment, understood as ecosphere and biosphere. Several international studies in this field were conducted with different ethnic groups at a national and at cross-national level. No studies were found aiming to investigate immigrants’ world views on nature and environment conducted through a qualitative and/or mixed method approach with key respondents belonging to different ethnic groups, immigrated into a single state, without a comparison among cultures. Inside the Environmental Ethics’ perspective, grounded on the relevance of humans’ values and world vision guiding their behaviours, the research objects aims to explore the relationships between humans, natural environment and non-human animals, people’s worldviews on nature and the importance they confer to it and some dimensions related to environmental values, pro-environmental behavior and environmental problems awareness. This study aims to understand the views of immigrants in Italy, some aspects of their culture in relation to environmental issues and sustainability, through their individual stories, with the intent to contribute to a general understanding of the relationship between human beings and the natural environment, casting a light on some unexplored aspects of the immigrant population in Italy, with regard to such a relationship. With the above aims in mind, the attention was focused on people from different ethnic groups immigrated to Italy and the purposefully selected group of respondents was sought gathering people from Immigrants Associations in two areas: Milano, Parma and their provinces, where these associations are widespread and usually promote integration through their activities and initiatives. Foreign adults, from different ethnic groups, immigrated to Italy as first generation were selected as key respondents. Considering that the study aim is not to obtain quantitative results on a large scale but it is an in depth analysis of individual thinking, a mixed methods approach, composed by a quantitative tool consisting of a structured interview with multiple choice answers on Likert scale along with a qualitative interview, was elaborated.

The thesis focuses on the draft project for the middle school age children. The theoretical part characterizes the children of the middle school age. Further, it describes moral thinking and the perception of values from the perspective of history. The next chapters are dedicated to the education towards values and environmental ethics. The practical part includes the didactical draft project. The draft contains activities, which help to develop ecological thinking together with the associated value system of an individual. The main idea of the whole project is the identification of the individual with nature as with himself. There are also used non-directive methods of moral education that help the individuals to realize the responsibility for their behavior on the Earth.

Latinas, members of the largest ethnic/racial group in the United States, often have been omitted from social movement accounts or dismissed as politically passive, hindered by traditional cultural values. Like other women of color, Latinas have faced sexism and racism and class bias in social science accounts and social movements (civil rights, labor rights, and women’s rights). This chapter begins by problematizing the pan-ethnic label “Latina,” drawing from conceptual frameworks, including Anzaldúa’s “borderlands,” Crenshaw’s “intersectionality,” social movement theories of identity, and decolonial feminist theory. It provides a brief historical overview of Latinas in U.S. social movements to illustrate the significance of conquest and colonization as the critical context for generating Latina activism. The chapter concludes with a closer look at two social movements, environmental rights and immigrant rights, where Latinas were prominent participants who utilized ethnic, class, and gender identities as movement strategies to make claims and to mobilize constituents.

<i>Abstract</i>.—Contemporary definitions of aquatic resource stewardship are a specific expression of ethical themes that humankind has wrestled with for millennia. The foundations for a stewardship ethic can be secular or spiritual. Other chapter contributors discuss a range of the secular foundations (e.g., fishing, boating); we discuss the implications of stewardship ethics rooted in religious traditions. Some fisheries professionals recognize religious–cultural influences on aquatic stewardship, such as those seen in Native American or Asian immigrant communities. But fisheries professionals have commonly ignored mainline Judeo-Christian faith traditions as an ethical basis for aquatic stewardship behavior, despite the fact that those traditions inform ethical development for large numbers of people in North America and that denominations within those traditions have increasingly engaged in stewardship-based environmental education and advocacy. The proposition that religious values often form the basis for a stewardship ethic presents several challenges for fisheries professionals striving to foster stewardship behavior. However, a basic understanding of these religious foundations could contribute to an improved practice of stewardship education, through outreach to a new constituency—faith communities. To illustrate this point, we briefly summarize some of the sources for stewardship found in the biblical corpus. We offer three examples of how Christian stewardship principles are manifest in aquatic stewardship programs delivered by faith communities. Models of partnership between natural resource managers and local faith communities are emerging across North America. In revisiting the ethical bases of stewardship and identifying new opportunities for stewardship education partnerships, we hope to demonstrate one more means by which fisheries professionals can bridge from stewardship education in principle to an effective practice of stewardship education.

The Christian Churches’ traditional environmental ethic is stewardship. Laudato si’ (2015) has augmented stewardship ethics with an ethics of care. The ethics of care is also the one that inspires Francis of Assisi and Bonaventure, indigenous people and feminist ethics. Laudato si’ puts a major emphasis on education and pays scant attention to policy because deep changes allegedly need to occur first at the individual level. Policy toward global ecological problems has been difficult to formulate and implement because the latter are public goods “wicked problems”. Some policy experts, in their respective reviews of U.S. climate policies, tend to fall back on ethics rather than policy as a major motivator for appropriate individual behavior, comforting pope Francis’ conviction. The relatively recent ethics of relational values may be a useful tool to build bridges among different types of ethics. Could religion, any religion, be an alternative motivator for pro-environmental behavior? Abundant sociological analysis concludes to the contrary. Eco-theology is creation theology that has been shaped by environmental problems. Its summary provided here in point form offers the potential for becoming a mobilizing “grand-narrative”. However, it is still in its infancy and does not have a unified methodology yet.