Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Enviromental noise »

A comparative analysis of various biological objects sensitivity to acoustic effects is being conducted. For many animal species, the frequency range at which sounds are heard is very different from that for humans and may not even intersect with it. The total frequency range at which various animals can hear covers at least eight orders of magnitude (from hundredths of Hz to hundreds of kHz), while for humans this interval is limited to only four orders of magnitude. Thus, the existing anthropocentric standards for permissible noise levels are unsuitable for regulating their impacts on natural ecosystems and it is necessary to develop standards for sound pressure levels in the entire specified frequency range that are acceptable for the most sensitive recipients. For terrestrial and riparian ecosystems and protected areas, natural test subjects are birds, for which noise levels of 35-40 dBA do not cause pathological changes in behavior and physiological processes. This level can tentatively be considered as maximum permissible for man-made noise and for the noise of ports in particular. More reliable results will be given by regulating the permissible sound pressure levels in the entire frequency range based on reactions of the most sensitive recipients in each octave.

Most major airports use permanent noise and operations monitoring systems to reduce the noise of flight operations in the surrounding community. This paper aims at a technical proposal for a permanent environmental noise monitoring and control system to provide solutions to reduce the noise of flying activities for communities around the airport. Airport noise monitoring is often used to evaluate noise abatement programs and to improve the aircraft's take-off / landing procedures, to minimize the impact of aircraft noise based on altitude, flight path and time of day. Noise monitoring is usually linked to the tracking radar to determine which aircraft is in particular when the noise limit is exceeded and thus provides immediate operational requirements to meet. The airport noise enviromental monitoring and control system is often structured with fixed permanent noise monitoring stations, mobile noise monitoring stations, multi-parameter wheather stations, radar tracks and flights information to automatically evaluate the noise impact due to operation of aircrafts in the surrounds of airport, near and on residential areas. The entire system is operated by a software platform proposed as a cloud configuration available on the internet. The platform provides all the modules required to manage data such as noise and flight information monitoring and control, live data, reports, noise and flight information in public disclosure, complaints management, alarms and warnings, etc.

The condition and composition of air in Lviv are influenced by two main factors: the introduction of pollutants into the atmosphere through various sources and harmful physical effects on it. The latter includes radiation, sound vibrations, noise, and so on. These and other factors disrupt the optimal conditions of the air, which negatively affects human health and the condition and development of animals and plants. The main sources of pollutants in the air of Lviv are as follows: dust — vehicles, woodworking and building materials industry; sulfur dioxide — industrial enterprises, carbon monoxide — vehicles, thermal power plants; nitrogen dioxide — heat power companies; formaldehyde — motor transport, woodworking industry. Today, emissions from mobile sources are the biggest air pollutants in the city. The chemical composition of emissions from mobile sources of pollution is characterized by the predominance of carbon monoxide (up to 74 %), nitrogen compounds, and hydrocarbons (12 % and 11 %, respectively). Today the state of atmospheric air in large cities of Ukraine and, in particular, in the city of Lviv is at an unsatisfactory level. The main problems in this area are the progressive nature of the negative impact on the ecological state of the environment and human health. As there is currently no interactive cartographic material that can visualize the problem of environmental pollution, the main purpose of this work was to create an interactive web map of the quality of life of the population of Lviv in terms of air pollution. To achieve this goal, we collected and systematized geospatial statistical cartographic materials on the ecological conditions of the air in Lviv. The necessary software for the development of an interactive map of air pollution has been selected, and its possibilities have been studied. An algorithm for loading geospatial data into the created web resource has been developed. A template of applications for creating web maps of air pollution in Lviv was selected according to the indicators of 2020, which were measured at 30 crossroads of the city. Thus, two interactive web maps of air pollution in Lviv were developed in the environment «Google My Maps» and «ArcGIS Online».

Image enhancement is one of the most popular research topics currently in the field of image processing. Often image has poor quality caused by various factors such as lighting factor, enviromental factor or low quality of camera, and others. A number of these disturbances often become a barrier in improving the image quality where handling is the main objective of this research is done in the form of methodology base on the combination of AFF dan FBET algorithm. The result of the test on the proposed methodology show that in the process of noise loss continued with the image sharpening process obtained the value of PSNR = 18.56 dB is more optimal than the first done image sharpening process with the value of PSNR = 18.10 dB.

Soundscape ecology has emerged as an important technique for monitoring complex coastal environments. Spatial and temporal acoustic variability exists between different regions and habitats. The sound characteristics have been hypothesized to be related to the associated community’s diversity and health. The prominent sounds may originate from physical, biological, and anthropogenic sources. Biological sounds especially those at coral reefs locations may have seasonal, monthly and diurnal variations. Snapping shrimp noise can dominate the ambient noise background in these sub-tropical coastal regions. While seasonal variations of snapping shrimp sounds have been studied extensively, the diurnal variations across habitats are less understood. Ambient noise data from two sites on Oahu, Hawaii are investigated with respect to diurnal variations using both spectral and time series analysis. Motivations and inspirations from Dr. Lisa Zurk’s extensive work on passive acoustics are highlighted. In addition, Dr. Zurk made notable theoretical and numerical contributions to acoustic scattering research. Some recent studies on the scattering from gas bubbles in complex media are also outlined in tribute.

In order to make the AC contactor’s working noise measured under enviroment with strong backgroud noise, a kind of noise detecting system is developed based on LabVIEW. Firstly,a vibrating signal is obtained by acceleration transducer;Then a noise value is figured out by using sound radiation efficiency index curve and A weighting curve. The results indicate that the measuring precision is 2dB. The noise detecting system meets the precision demand of noise detecting.

Abstract—Occupational disease are important topic since they often occur in a long period of time. The purpose of this article is to find out how to prevent occupational diseases in the battery industry. This research is a systematic review of articles obtained through manual search engines from Google Scholars, Proquest, PubMed, Research Gate and has been published nationally and internationally in 2015-2020. The results of a systematic review were obtained from 30 scientific articles that were published nationally and internationally in 2015-2020 related to the battery industry process and related to occupational diseases. The factors contributing are varies from enviromental, biological, ergonomic, and the workers itself. There are several preventive management that can be done according to the analysis of the possible diseases that can be occured. Workers in the battery industry can experience occupational diseases, including: allergic contact dermatitis, bacterial conjunctivitis, noise-induced hearing loss, Low Back Pain and Carpal tunnel syndrome. Some prevention efforts that can be done include: using personal protective equipment, detecting workers who have a history of DKA, maintaining hygiene and cleanliness of the work environment, using furniture that is in accordance with ergonomic standards and not lifting heavy loads, reducing repetitive pressing movements and doing regular exercise. Keywords: preventive, allergic contact dermatitis, conjungtivitis, nihl, lbp, cts, battery industry Abstrak—Penyakit akibat kerja menjadi perhatian penting karena muncul dalam jangka waktu panjang sehingga harus dilakukan upaya pencegahan penyakit. Penelitian ini merupakan review sistematik artikel yang diperoleh melalui melalui mesin pencari manual dari Google Scholars, Proquest, PubMed, Research Gate dan telah terpublikasi nasional maupun internasional pada tahun 2015-2020. Hasil review sistematik diperoleh dari 30 artikel ilmiah yang telah terpublikasi nasional maupun internasional pada tahun 2015-2020 yang terkait dengan proses industry baterai dan terkait dengan penyakit akibat kerja. Faktor penyebabnya juga berbagai macam karena faktor lingkungan, biologi, ergonomi, ataupun dari faktor pekerja. terdapat beberapa upaya preventif yang dapat disesuaikan dengan kemungkinan penyakit akibat kerja yang mungkin akan timbul. Pekerja di industri baterai dapat mengalami penyakit akibat kerja, antara lain: dermatitis kontak alergi, konjungtivitis bakteri, gangguan pendengaran akibat kebisingan, Low Back Pain dan Carpal tunnel syndrome. Beberapa upaya pencegahan yang dapat dilakukan antara lain: menggunakan alat pelindung diri, mendeteksi pekerja yang memiliki riwayat DKA, menjaga kebersihan dan kebersihan lingkungan kerja, menggunakan furnitur yang sesuai dengan standar ergonomis dan tidak mengangkat beban berat, mengurangi penekanan berulang. gerakan dan melakukan olahraga teratur. Kata Kunci: preventif, dermatitis kontak alergi (dka), konjungtivitis, nihl, lbp, cts, industri baterai

The traditional filtering methods such as median filter and mean filter always blurrs image features, resulting in poor noise reduction effect. Wavelet transform has unique adaptability due to its variable resolution, which can better implement wavelet denoising on the basis of image feature. Aiming at the shortcoming of traditional wavelet transform threshold denoising, based on the hard threshold and soft threshold function, this paper proposes improved adaptive thresholding function. By comparing and validating, this method obtains the smaller mean square error (MSE) and higher peak signal to noise ratio. Meanwhile, this method improves the quality of detection images, and reduces the impact on images brought by noise from external enviroment and internal system. So, this can be applied to image noise reduction of the detection system.

The ATLAS experiment is now in the process of finalizing the development of the design of silicon pixel sensors for use in the pixel detector. The sensors will be operated in a severe LHC radiation enviroment with bias voltages at the end of lifetime up to 600 V while maintaining a good signal-to-noise ratio and charge collection efficiency, small cell size and minimal multiple scattering. The radiation hardness issues and quality assurance procedures are discussed.

2015 - 2016
This study aims to demonstrate the importance of uncertainty evaluation in the measurement of environmental noise in the context of Italian legislation on noise pollution. Attention is focused on the variability of the measurand as a source of uncertainty and a procedure for the evaluation of uncertainty for environmental noise measurement is proposed. First drawing on several real noise datasets in order to determine suitable measurement time intervals for the estimation of the environmental noise, a data-driven sampling strategy is proposed, which takes into account the observed variability associated with measured sound pressure levels. Outliers are eliminated from the actual noise measurements using an outlier detection algorithm based on K-neighbors distance. As the third step, the contribution of measurand variability on measurement uncertainty is determined by using the normal bootstrap method. Experimental results exploring the adoption of the proposed method drawing upon real data from environmental noise using acquisition campaigns confirm the reliability of the proposal. It is shown to be very promising with regard to the prediction of expected values and uncertainty of traffic noise when a reduced dataset is considered. [edited by author]
Negli ultimi anni, studiosi ed esperti del settore hanno focalizzato la loro attenzione sulle possibili fonti di incertezza associabili a tale attività, cercando di pervenire a modelli che contemplassero tutte le variabili che concorrono alla determinazione dell’incertezza nella misura dei livelli di pressione acustica: l'incertezza dovuta alle caratteristiche della strumentazione di misura (fonometri o analizzatori multicanale), l'errore derivante dal posizionamento della strumentazione e quindi dei trasduttori microfonici, l'incertezza dovuta al calibratore, nonché l’incertezza da associare. Al fine, però, di fornire un’adeguata stima dell’indeterminazione associata alla misura del livello equivalente di rumore ambientale, risulta indispensabile considerare l’incertezza derivante dall’intrinseca variabilità del fenomeno in esame. Il tema risulta essere di particolare interesse scientifico e, negli ultimi anni, molti autori hanno proposto diverse metodologie di approccio al suddetto problema, in particolare alcuni hanno focalizzato l’attenzione sull’eliminazione dei segnali sonori non desiderati, altri sulla stima del tempo di misura e altri ancora direttamente sulla determinazione dell’incertezza. Alla luce di quanto esposto, ho pensato di integrare le diverse tecniche studiate in un’unica procedura, basata sul metodo bootstrap, tecnica statistica di ricampionamento con sostituzione del dataset iniziale, in quanto non ha limitazioni in termini di forma e di proprietà delle distribuzioni statistiche considerate ed è, pertanto, più adatta all’analisi del rumore ambientale, la cui popolazione non è strettamente gaussiana. Inizialmente, dal momento che l’affidabilità della stima degli indicatori di rumore ambientale dipende in modo significativo dalla variabilità temporale del rumore, e, quindi, risulta fondamentale scegliere in modo accurato il tempo di misura che tenga in considerazione la variabilità statistica del fenomeno acustico sotto osservazione, l’algoritmo individua in modo automatico un tempo minimo di acquisizione, corrispondente al numero minimo di livelli pressione sonora necessari a garantire la significatività statistica del set di dati di partenza. In una seconda fase sono individuati ed eliminati dal segnale acquisito eventuali valori anomali (outlier) ed, infine, è calcolata l’incertezza relativa al misurando applicando il metodo bootstrap. I risultati di tale metodo sono stati anche confrontati con la stima del valore atteso per il descrittore acustico a breve termine e della corrispondente incertezza applicando il metodo classico (GUM ISO). Poiché le grandezze calcolate con l’applicazione del metodo bootstrap si avvicinano molto a quelle determinate con il metodo classico nell’ipotesi di ridotto numero di campioni, tale procedura risulta altresì particolarmente adatta alla previsione dell'indicatore di rumore ambientale quando sono disponibili pochi dati di misura. [a cura dell'autore]
XV n.s. (XXIX)

碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
系統工程暨造船學系
92
The aim of the thesis is mainly to establish the analysis model for environmental noise and vibration induced by a moving track vehicle. Also the related parameters, such as the characteristics of the track supporting structure and the track itself, on the rail/wheel radiation noise level have been discussed by this model. Basically the rail/wheel noise is analyzed by use of software TWINS(Track-Wheel Interaction Noise Software), which was developed by the ERRI(European Rail Research Institute) and some other related groups for the development of low noise track systems. The analysis results encompass the sound power generated at the rail/wheel interface, the environmental sound level at any receiving point alongside the track, component sound level such as noise radiated from rail, wheel, sleeper, slab and supporting structure respectively. And discussion of the relevant parameter to speed , track structure , fastener. analyse noise of viaducts , embankment , ballasted track. Groundborne vibration generated by track vehicle is predicted by the method developed by the Federal Transit Administration(FTA) of USA. In which groundborne vibration can be analyzed by the transfer function such as mobility or Accelerance spectrum of the geology at the track route and the excitation force spectrum induced by a moving track vehicle. Such groundborne vibration can be assessed by the Gordon’s vibration criterion for the requirement of sensitive equipment manufactures. From the simulation results of the noise of Taiwan High Speed Rail, it shows that the noise level is the smallest when the train is moving on the ballast section, the next is on LVT track and then followed by embankment section and viaduct section. From the simulation results of the gorundborne at a high-tech manufacture 93m away from the track of the Taipei Rapid Transport system, it shows that the vibration level, in the frequency range of 31.5Hz～40Hz for the underground section, has exceeded the Gordon VC-D criterion curve. Keyword: High-speed railway, track system, noise, vibration, rail-wheel interaction

<p>Several Elevated Transit Guideway projects in congested urban enviroments have been completed in the last 30 years. A lot more will be built in the near future to minimize the use of private cars, avoid traffic congestion and reduce carbon emissions. The use of precast segmental technology has been largely preferred for the construction of these structures for a number of advantages that the technology offers, including but not limited to: aesthetics, fast construction, durability, limited urban impact, low sensibility to construction constraints. In recent projects a some new governing design factors are being considered, such as sustainable construction, health and safety, materials efficiency, longer design life. Purpose of this presentation is to summarise the last thirty-years experience in design and construction of precast segmental elevated guideways, focusing on the key design factors such as: Urban impact, Train system – structure interaction, Noise emission Riding comfort, Design criteria, etc. In addition to the above, new factors that may govern the design and construction of the projects planned for the near future will be presented and discussed.</p>