Bibliographies thématiques / Enod40

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Enod40 »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 11 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Enod40"

Flemetakis, Emmanouil, Nektarios Kavroulakis, Nicolette E. M. Quaedvlieg, Herman P. Spaink, Maria Dimou, Andreas Roussis et Panagiotis Katinakis. « Lotus japonicus Contains Two Distinct ENOD40 Genes That Are Expressed in Symbiotic, Nonsymbiotic, and Embryonic Tissues ». Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 13, n^o 9 (septembre 2000) : 987–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2000.13.9.987.

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ENOD40, an early nodulin gene, has been postulated to play a significant role in legume root nodule ontogenesis. We have isolated two distinct ENOD40 genes from Lotus japonicus. The transcribed regions of the two ENOD40 genes share 65% homology, while the two promoters showed no significant homology. Both transcripts encode a putative dodecapeptide similar to that identified in other legumes forming determinate nodules. Both ENOD40 genes are coordinately expressed following inoculation of roots with Mesorhizobium loti or treatment with purified Nod factors. In the former case, mRNA accumulation could be detected up to 10 days following inoculation while in the latter case the accumulation was transient. High levels of both ENOD40 gene transcripts were found in nonsymbiotic tissues such as stems, fully developed flowers, green seed pods, and hypocotyls. A relatively lower level of both transcripts was observed in leaves, roots, and cotyledons. In situ hybridization studies revealed that, in mature nodules, transcripts of both ENOD40 genes accumulate in the nodule vascular system; additionally, in young seed pods strong signal is observed in the ovule, particularly in the phloem and epithelium, as well as in globular stage embryos.

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Mathesius, Ulrike, Celine Charon, Barry G. Rolfe, Adam Kondorosi et Martin Crespi. « Temporal and Spatial Order of Events During the Induction of Cortical Cell Divisions in White Clover by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii Inoculation or Localized Cytokinin Addition ». Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 13, n^o 6 (juin 2000) : 617–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2000.13.6.617.

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We examined the timing and location of several early root responses to Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii infection, compared with a localized addition of cytokinin in white clover, to study the role of cytokinin in early signaling during nodule initiation. Induction of ENOD40 expression by either rhizobia or cytokinin was similar in timing and location and occurred in nodule progenitor cells in the inner cortex. Inoculation of rhizobia in the mature root failed to induce ENOD40 expression and cortical cell divisions (ccd). Nitrate addition at levels repressing nodule formation inhibited ENOD40 induction by rhizobia but not by cytokinin. ENOD40 expression was not induced by auxin, an auxin transport inhibitor, or an ethylene precursor. In contrast to rhizobia, cytokinin addition was not sufficient to induce a modulation of the auxin flow, the induction of specific chalcone synthase genes, and the accumulation of fluorescent compounds associated with nodule initiation. However, cytokinin addition was sufficient for the localized induction of auxin-induced GH3 gene expression and the initiation of ccd. Our results suggest that rhizobia induce cytokinin-mediated events in parallel to changes in auxin-related responses during nodule initiation and support a role of ENOD40 in regulating ccd. We propose a model for the interactions of cytokinin with auxin, ENOD40, flavonoids, and nitrate during nodulation.

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Santi, Carole, Uritza von Groll, Ana Ribeiro, Maurizio Chiurazzi, Florence Auguy, Didier Bogusz, Claudine Franche et Katharina Pawlowski. « Comparison of Nodule Induction in Legume and Actinorhizal Symbioses : The Induction of Actinorhizal Nodules Does Not Involve ENOD40 ». Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 16, n^o 9 (septembre 2003) : 808–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2003.16.9.808.

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Two types of root nodule symbioses are known for higher plants, legume and actinorhizal symbioses. In legume symbioses, bacterial signal factors induce the expression of ENOD40 genes. We isolated an ENOD40 promoter from an actinorhizal plant, Casuarina glauca, and compared its expression pattern in a legume (Lotus japonicus) and an actinorhizal plant (Allocasuarina verticillata) with that of an ENOD40 promoter from the legume soybean (GmENOD402). In the actinorhizal Allocasuarina sp., CgENOD40-GUS and GmENOD40-2-GUS showed similar expression patterns in both vegetative and symbiotic development, and neither promoter was active during nodule induction. The nonsymbiotic expression pattern of CgENOD40-GUS in the legume genus Lotus resembled the nonsymbiotic expression patterns of legume ENOD40 genes however, in contrast to GmENOD40-2-GUS, CgENOD40-GUS was not active during nodule induction. The fact that only legume, not actinorhizal, ENOD40 genes are induced during legume nodule induction can be linked to the phloem unloading mechanisms established in the zones of nodule induction in the roots of both types of host plants.

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Giordano, Walter F., Michelle R. Lum et Ann M. Hirsch. « Effects of a Nod-factor-overproducing strain of Sinorhizobium meliloti on the expression of the ENOD40 gene in Melilotus alba ». Canadian Journal of Botany 80, n^o 9 (1 septembre 2002) : 907–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-076.

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We have initiated studies on the molecular biology and genetics of white sweetclover (Melilotus alba Desr.) and its responses to inoculation with the nitrogen-fixing symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti. Early nodulin genes such as ENOD40 serve as markers for the transition from root to nodule development even before visible stages of nodule formation are evident. Using Northern blot analysis, we found that the ENOD40 gene was expressed within 6 h after inoculation with two different strains of S. meliloti, one of which overproduces symbiotic Nod factors. Inoculation with this strain resulted in an additional increase in ENOD40 gene expression over a typical wild-type S. meliloti strain. Moreover, the increase in mRNA brought about by the Nod-factor-overproducing strain 24 h after inoculation was correlated with lateral root formation by using whole-mount in situ hybridization to localize ENOD40 transcripts in lateral root meristems and by counting lateral root initiation sites. Cortical cell divisions were not detected. We also found that nodulation occurred more rapidly on white sweetclover in response to the Nod-factor-overproducing strain, but ultimately there was no difference in nodulation efficiency in terms of nodule number or the number of roots nodulated by the two strains. Also, the two strains could effectively co-colonize the host when inoculated together, although a few host cells were occupied by both strains.Key words: ENOD40, Nod factor, Melilotus, Sinorhizobium, symbiosis.

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Grønlund, Mette, Andreas Roussis, Emmanouil Flemetakis, Nicolette E. M. Quaedvlieg, Helmi R. M. Schlaman, Yosuke Umehara, Panagiotis Katinakis, Jens Stougaard et Herman P. Spaink. « Analysis of Promoter Activity of the Early Nodulin Enod40 in Lotus japonicus ». Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 18, n^o 5 (mai 2005) : 414–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-18-0414.

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Our comparative studies on the promoter (pr) activity of Enod40 in the model legume Lotus japonicus in stably transformed GusA reporter lines and in hairy roots of L. japonicus demonstrate a stringent regulation of the Enod40 promoter in the root cortex and root hairs in response to Nod factors. Interestingly, the L. japonicus Enod40-2 promoter fragment also shows symbiotic activity in the reverse orientation. Deletion analyses of the Glycine max (Gm) Enod40 promoter revealed the presence of a minimal region -185 bp upstream of the transcription start. Stable transgenic L. japonicus reporter lines were used in bioassays to test the effect of different compounds on early symbiotic signaling. The responses of prGmEnod40 reporter lines were compared with the responses of L. japonicus (Lj) reporter lines based on the LjNin promoter. Both reporter lines show very early activity postinoculation in root hairs of the responsive zone of the root and later in the dividing cells of nodule primordia. The LjNin promoter was found to be more responsive than the GmEnod40 promoter to Nod factors and related compounds. The use of prGmEnod40 reporter lines to analyze the effect of nodulin genes on the GmEnod40 promoter activity indicates that LJNIN has a positive effect on the regulation of the Enod40 promoter, whereas the latter is not influenced by ectopic overexpression of its own gene product. In addition to pointing to a difference in the regulation of the two nodulin genes Enod40 and Nin during early time points of symbiosis, the bioassays revealed a difference in the response to the synthetic cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) between alfalfa and clover and L. japonicus. In alfalfa and clover, Enod40 expression was induced upon BAP treatment, whereas this seems not to be the case in L. japonicus; these results correlate with effects at the cellular level because BAP can induce pseudonodules in alfalfa and clover but not in L. japonicus. In conclusion, we demonstrate the applicability of the described L. japonicus reporter lines in analyses of the specificity of compounds related to nodulation as well as for the dissection of the interplay between different nodulin genes.

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Wan, X., J. Hontelez, A. Lillo, C. Guarnerio, D. van de Peut, E. Fedorova, T. Bisseling et H. Franssen. « Medicago truncatula ENOD40-1 and ENOD40-2 are both involved in nodule initiation and bacteroid development ». Journal of Experimental Botany 58, n^o 8 (23 avril 2007) : 2033–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erm072.

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Gultyaev, Alexander P., et Andreas Roussis. « Identification of conserved secondary structures and expansion segments in enod40 RNAs reveals new enod40 homologues in plants ». Nucleic Acids Research 35, n^o 9 (22 avril 2007) : 3144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkm173.

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Vleghels, Ingrid, Jan Hontelez, Ana Ribeiro, Paul Fransz, Ton Bisseling et Henk Franssen. « Expression of ENOD40 during tomato plant development ». Planta 218, n^o 1 (1 novembre 2003) : 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-003-1081-9.

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Lucero, Leandro, Jeremie Bazin, Johan Rodriguez Melo, Fernando Ibañez, Martín D. Crespi et Federico Ariel. « Evolution of the Small Family of Alternative Splicing Modulators Nuclear Speckle RNA-Binding Proteins in Plants ». Genes 11, n^o 2 (18 février 2020) : 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11020207.

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RNA-Binding Protein 1 (RBP1) was first identified as a protein partner of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) ENOD40 in Medicago truncatula, involved in symbiotic nodule development. RBP1 is localized in nuclear speckles and can be relocalized to the cytoplasm by the interaction with ENOD40. The two closest homologs to RBP1 in Arabidopsis thaliana were called Nuclear Speckle RNA-binding proteins (NSRs) and characterized as alternative splicing modulators of specific mRNAs. They can recognize in vivo the lncRNA ALTERNATIVE SPLICING COMPETITOR (ASCO) among other lncRNAs, regulating lateral root formation. Here, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of NSR/RBP proteins tracking the roots of the family to the Embryophytes. Strikingly, eudicots faced a reductive trend of NSR/RBP proteins in comparison with other groups of flowering plants. In Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus, their expression profile during nodulation and in specific regions of the symbiotic nodule was compared to that of the lncRNA ENOD40, as well as to changes in alternative splicing. This hinted at distinct and specific roles of each member during nodulation, likely modulating the population of alternatively spliced transcripts. Our results establish the basis to guide future exploration of NSR/RBP function in alternative splicing regulation in different developmental contexts along the plant lineage.

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Favery, Bruno, Arnaud Complainville, Jose Maria Vinardell, Philippe Lecomte, Daniàle Vaubert, Peter Mergaert, Adam Kondorosi, Eva Kondorosi, Martin Crespi et Pierre Abad. « The Endosymbiosis-Induced Genes ENOD40 and CCS52a Are Involved in Endoparasitic-Nematode Interactions in Medicago truncatula ». Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 15, n^o 10 (octobre 2002) : 1008–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2002.15.10.1008.

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Plants associate with a wide range of mutualistic and parasitic biotrophic organisms. Here, we investigated whether beneficial plant symbionts and biotrophic pathogens induce distinct or overlapping regulatory pathways in Medicago truncatula. The symbiosis between Sinorhizobium meliloti and this plant results in the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules requiring the activation of specific genes in the host plant. We studied expression patterns of nodule-expressed genes after infection with the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Two regulators induced during nodule organogenesis, the early nodulin gene ENOD40 involved in primordium formation and the cell cycle gene CCS52a required for cell differentiation and en-doreduplication, are expressed in galls of the host plant. Expression analysis of promoter-uidA fusions indicates an accumulation of CCS52a transcripts in giant cells undergoing endoreduplication, while ENOD40 expression is localized in surrounding cell layers. Transgenic plants overexpressing ENOD40 show a significantly higher number of galls. In addition, out of the 192 nodule-expressed genes tested, 38 genes were upregulated in nodules at least threefold compared with control roots, but only two genes, nodulin 26 and cyclin D3, were found to be induced in galls. Taken together, these results suggest that certain events, such as endoreduplication, cell-to-cell communication with vascular tissues, or water transport, might be common between giant cell formation and nodule development.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Enod40"

CHARON, CELINE. « Action du gene enod40 lors de la nodulation ». Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112174.

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La symbiose qui s'etablit entre les legumineuses et les rhizobia conduit au developpement d'un nouvel organe racinaire, la nodosite, dont la morphogenese necessite l'expression de genes vegetaux specifiques. Le gene enod40 s'exprime dans les cellules corticales en division des l'initiation du primordium nodulaire et code pour un arn a petites orf. Ce travail de these contribue a l'analyse de l'action du gene enod40 lors de la nodulation. Nous avons montre qu'en situation de carence azotee et en absence de rhizobia, la surexpression d'enod40 induisait la dedifferenciation et la division des cellules du cortex racinaire. De plus, les plantes transgeniques m. Truncatula surexprimant enod40 ont presente, lors de leur interaction avec les bacteries rhizobia, une acceleration de leur cinetique de nodulation, et lors de leur interaction avec le champignon glomus mosseae, un nombre accru de mycorhizes. L'analyse de deux lignees transgeniques presentant de la cosuppression a montre une correlation entre la non-expression d'enod40 et une reduction du nombre de nodosites par plante ainsi qu'une perturbation de leur developpement. Nous avons aussi cherche a determiner la forme moleculaire du produit du gene et a analyser les mecanismes moleculaires mis en jeu lors de son action. Par microbombardement et par fusions traductionnelles, nous avons montre que l'arn enod40 possedait au moins 2 regions biologiquement actives. L'activite de la region 5 de l'arn enod40 serait liee a la traduction d'une petite orf de 13 acides aminees, tandis que l'activite de la region 3 serait liee a la traduction d'une autre orf de 27 acides aminees chez m. Truncatula. Enod40 participerait donc au controle de la formation et de la differenciation des organes symbiotiques au sein du cortex racinaire. Il ferait partie d'une nouvelle classe de regulateurs de croissance chez les plantes. La caracterisation d'un tel gene ouvre de nouvelles perspectives sur la signalisation chez les vegetaux.

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GUARNERIO, Chiara Francesca. « Effects of enod40 overexpression in non legume plants ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Verona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/343215.

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Il gene ENOD40 è una nodulina precoce ed è indotto durante i primi stadi di formazione del nodulo radicale in risposta alle interazioni tra le leguminose ed i batteri simbionti del genere Rhizobia. Omologhi del gene ENOD40 sono stati identificati in diverse specie e la sua espressione, non unicamente correlata alla formazione del nodulo, è stata osservata in tessuti giovani e meristematici. Una caratteristica che accomuna i geni ENOD40 è l’assenza di un lunga open reading frame (ORF); al contrario, molte piccole ORF sono generalmente presenti nei trascritti. Il gene contiene due regioni altamente conservate chiamate box1 e box2. Tra le diverse specie è conservata l’ORF (ORF1) del box1, che sembra codificare per un putativo peptide di 10-13 amminoacidi. Inoltre, il gene contiene regioni corrispondenti a strutture conservate a livello del trascritto. Sei domini sono stati individuati nel mRNA del gene e due di questi domini sono fortemente conservati tra le leguminose e le non leguminose. Nonostante decenni di ricerche, il ruolo del gene ENOD40 non è stato finora completamente chiarito. La natura biologica del gene è tuttora in discussione, infatti se l’attività biologica del gene dipenda dall’ RNA o da entrambi è ancora da chiarire. I due principali obiettivi del mio progetto di ricerca sono: da una parte, indagare la possibile presenza del putativo peptide codificato dal box1 utilizzando cellule BY-2 che overesprimono il gene e dall’altra, studiare il ruolo del gene ENOD40 in piante non leguminose, utilizzando Arabidopsis thaliana. Nella prima parte del lavoro è stata messa appunto una procedura di purificazione per cercare il putativo peptide in cellule BY-2 che overesprimevano il gene ENOD40 di tabacco. Fin ad ora il putativo peptide non è mai stato trovato in vivo; è stato però suggerito da diverse osservazioni che il gene potrebbe, almeno in parte, agire attraverso il peptide codificato dall’ORF1. La procedura messa appunto consiste in un cut-off iniziale, seguita da cromatografia a scambio ionico, estrazione di cambio solido, HPLC-DAD e spettrometria di massa (LC-ESI-MS e MALDI-TOF). Purtroppo, nonostante i diversi tentativi per mettere appunto la procedura di purificazione e le diverse tecniche utilizzate per l'analisi delle frazioni putativamente peptide-arricchite, solo l’analisi MALDI-TOF PSD ha dato un primo indizio sulla possibile presenza del peptide in cellule BY-2 che overesprimevano il gene ENOD40. Nella seconda parte del lavoro, il possibile ruolo del gene è stato indagato mediante l’analisi metabolomica e trascrizionale in piante di Arabidopsis che overesprimevano il gene ENOD40 di soia. I profili metabolici e trascrizionali di tre linee di Arabidopsis trasformate con il gene ENOD40 sono stati acquisiti e confrontati con quelli ottenuti da piante wild type. In seguito, l'analisi dei biomarcatori dei dati ottenuti dalle analisi di metabolomica e trascrittomica è stata utilizzata per identificare i metaboliti e i trascritti che hanno mostrato un maggiore correlazione con l'overespressione del gene. Dai profili metabolici è emerso che le tre linee trasformate sono caratterizzate dalla presenza di glucosinolati, mentre i flavonoidi caratterizzano principalmente le piante wild type. Per quanto riguarda i profili trascrizionali, la maggior parte dei geni indotti nelle tre linee trasformate (12 su 23), sono correlati con processi che avvengono nella parete cellulare. Dato che, la parete cellulare determina la forma delle cellule, il gene ENOD40 potrebbe essere coinvolto in un processo che controlla la composizione e le dinamiche della parete. Precedenti studi morfologici condotti sulle stesse linee trasformate di Arabidopsis hanno dimostrato che queste piante presentano organi con dimensioni normali ma formati da celle più piccole; inoltre protoplasti di Arabidopsis trasfettati con il gene ENOD40 sono caratterizzati da una ridotta espansione. Questi dati hanno suggerito che il gene potrebbe avere un ruolo nel mantenere le cellule in uno stadio giovane e poco differenziato. L'osservazione che le linee trasformate di Arabidopsis accumulino glucosinolati, metabolici tipici di tessuti giovani, suggerisce che, anche dal punto di vista metabolico, le cellule trasformate hanno caratteristiche tipiche di cellule più giovani, mentre le cellule wild type accumulano maggiormente i flavonoidi, metaboliti secondari tipici dello stato differenziato. Per quanto riguarda l'analisi trascrizionale, dal momento che le piante trasformate sono morfologicamente caratterizzate da cellule con dimensioni ridotte, i geni indotti in queste linee, potrebbero essere coinvolti nella prevenzione dell’espansione cellulare. Questo ruolo del gene, atto a mantenere le cellule in uno stadio giovanile, è supportato anche dai profili di espressione del gene riportati in letteratura.
ENOD40 is an Early Nodulin gene that it is know to play a key role in nodule formation in response to interaction of legume plants with symbiotic Rhizobium bacteria. Homologues of ENOD40 genes have been identified in several plant species and its expression is observed during the initiation and development of new organs, such as nodules, lateral roots, young leaves and stipule primordia. ENOD40 gene has an unusual structure: it lacks a long open reading frame, but several short ORFs are present. Moreover, at nucleotide level, two regions, named box1 and box2, are highly conserved among all ENOD40 genes. In box 1 region, a highly conserved ORF (ORF 1) is present and it seems to encode a putative peptide of 10-13 amino acids. Furthermore, the gene contains regions corresponding to conserved secondary structures of the transcript. Six domains were identified in ENOD40 mRNA and two of these domains are strongly conserved among legume and non legume species. Despite several researches, the roles of the ENOD40 gene has not been so far completely elucidated. Moreover, whether the biological activity should be ascribed to RNA or peptide, or both, is still unclear. For this reason, the two main goals of the research are: to investigate the possible presence of the putative peptide encoded by box1 of the ENOD40 gene in BY-2 cells and to investigate the role of ENOD40 gene in non legume plants, using Arabidopsis thaliana. That ENOD40 could act, at least in part, through the peptide encode by box1 is suggested by several observations, but no one have revealed biochemically the putative peptide. In the first part of the work a purification procedure consisting of membrane cut-off, ion exchange chromatography, solid exchange extraction, HPLC-DAD and mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS and MALDI-TOF) was set up to search for the putative peptide in BY-2 cells overexpressing NtENOD40 gene. Unfortunately, despite several attempts to set up the purification procedure and the different and sensitive techniques used for the analysis of the putatively peptide-enriched fractions, only MALDI-TOF PSD analysis gave an initial clue of the possible presence of the peptide in ENOD40 overexpressing BY2 cells. In the second part of the work, the possible role of the gene has been investigated through the metabolomics and transcriptomics characterization of ENOD40 overexpressing Arabidopsis plants. Metabolite and transcriptional profiles of the three Arabidopsis lines overexpressing soybean ENOD40 gene were acquired and compared to those obtained from wild type plants. Afterward, biomarker analysis of metabolomic and transcriptomic dataset was used in order to identify the metabolites and transcripts that showed the higher correlation with the overexpression of ENOD40 gene. In the metabolite profiles, glucosinolate metabolites characterized all the three transformed lines compared with the wild type, while flavonoids mainly characterized wild type plants. With regard to transcriptional profiling, most of the genes upregulated in the three transformed lines (twelve out of twenty-three), were correlated with processes occurring in the cell wall. Thus, the cell wall is the mechanical determinant of cell shape and size ENOD40 gene could be involved in a process that controls the composition and the dynamics of the cell wall. In conclusion, previous morphological studies on the same Arabidopsis thaliana ENOD40 transformed lines used in this work have been showed that these plants are characterised by normal organs containing smaller cells, and on ENOD40 transfected Arabidopsis protoplasts are characterized by reduced expansion, suggested that the gene could have some role in keeping the cells in a “young” state . The observation that ENOD40 transformed Arabidopsis lines accumulate high levels of glucosinolates, that are typical of the young tissues, suggests that, also from the metabolic point of view, the transformed cells have features typical of younger cells, whereas wild type cells use their metabolic resources to accumulate flavonoids, another class of secondary metabolites more typical of differentiated state. With regard to transcriptomic analysis, since transformed plants are morphologically characterized by small cell size, the genes upregulated in the transformed lines, involved in cell wall dynamics and composition, could be involved in the prevention of cell expansion. The role of ENOD40 in maintenance of cells in a “young state” is also supported by the expression patterns of ENOD40 genes reported in literature.

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Complainville, Arnaud. « Lerôle du gène Enod40 et de la communication cellulaire dans l'organogenèse de la nodosité ». Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112153.

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L'interaction symbiotique entre les Légumineuses et les rhizobia conduit à la formation d'un nouvel organe racinaire : la nodosité symbiotique. Chez le partenaire végétal, le gène Enod40, un gène de noduline précoce, est impliqué dans cette interaction et code pour un ARN à petites ORFs. Au cours de ce travail de thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés d'une part aux processus de communication cellulaires impliqués dans l'organogenèse de la nodosité et d'autre part au mode d'action de ce gène. Nous avons tout d'abord étudié le rôle de ce gène dans d'autres processus que la nodulation comme la formation des galles en réponse à la colonisation par les nématodes et la croissance racinaire en réponse à l'AVG chez Medicago truncatula et le riz. Nous avons ensuite démontré que la formation de la nodosité impliquait l'établissement d'une connexion symplasmique entre les cellules du primordium et le phloème. Cette communication est par ailleurs régulée au cours du développement de la nodosité. L'implication du gène Enod40 dans ces processus de communications cellulaires a ensuite été analysée en testant l'effet de sa surexpression. Enfin, dans le but de comprendre le mode d'action moléculaire de ce gène particulier, le rôle de la traduction des petites ORFs sur la stabilité de l'ARN Enod40 a été étudié, puis nous avons recherché et identifié des partenaires protéiques de cet ARN ainsi que des gènes induits par sa surexpression. Ces résultats contribuent à la caractérisation des processus de communications cellulaires impliqués dans les phénomènes d'organogenèse végétaux et ouvrent des perspectives pour la compréhension du mode d'action de cette classe particulière d'ARNs à petites ORFs
The symbiotic interaction between leguminous plants and rhizobia leads to the formation of a new root organ: the symbiotic nodule. In the plant partner, the Enod40 gene, an early nodulin gene, is involved in this interaction and encodes a short ORFs-containing RNA. During this PhD work, we have focused our attention on the cell-to-cell communication processes involved in nodule organogenesis as well as the mode of action of this gene. We have initially studied the role of this gene in other processes than nodulation, like gall formation in response to nematode colonization and root growth in response to AVG in Medicago truncatula and rice. Then, we have demonstrated that the formation of the nodule involved the establishment of a symplasmic connection between the cells of the primordium and the phloem. This communication is regulated throughout development of the nodule. The involvement of the Enod40 gene in these cell-to-cell communication processes was also analyzed by testing the effect of its overexpression. Finally, in order to understand the molecular mode of action of this peculiar gene, we have studied the role of short ORFs translation on the stability of the Enod40 RNA, and we have searched for and characterized partners of this RNA as well as genes induced by its overexpression. These results contribute to the characterization of cell-to-cell communication processes involved in plant organogenesis and open new perspectives for the understanding of the mode of action of this particular class of short ORFs-containing RNAs

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Korhonen, H. (Heikki). « Tool for analyzing data transfer scenarios in eNodeB ». Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201609142780.

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In software development, debugging is one option for finding a bug. Source code can be debugged by entering print statements to investigate values of variables or by using a dedicated debugger tool. With a debugger, the program can be stopped at a certain point and see the values of variables, without changing the code. Real-time software code is complex. Complex source code always requires careful testing, design and quality assurance. Debugging helps to achieve these requirements. Debugging is harder in a real-time environment and it takes more time which means that developers must have effective debugging tools. To be effective in debugging in a real-time environment, it requires an informative logging tool. This thesis concentrates to help LTE L2 debugging with the tool implemented in this work. The logging tool parses the binary data got from eNodeB to a readable form in a text file. Traced fields and values can be investigated in a certain time. With this L2 data flow can be verified
Ohjelmistokehityksessä virheenjäljittämistä käytetään vian löytämiseen. Virheenjäljitystä voidaan tehdä lisäämällä lähdekoodin tulostuslauseita, joilla tutkitaan esimerkiksi muuttujien arvoa halutulla hetkellä koodissa. Toinen tapa on virheenjäljittäjän käyttäminen koodia ajettaessa. Silloin ohjelma voidaan pysäyttää haluttuun kohtaan ja tutkia muuttujien sen hetkisiä arvoja ilman koodimuutoksia. Reaaliaikainen koodi on kompleksista ja vaatii aina huolellista testausta sekä laadunvarmistusta. Virheenjäljitys on reaaliaikaisessa ympäristössä hankalampaa ja aikaa vievää, jolloin ohjelmistokehittäjillä täytyy olla tehokkaat virheenjäljitystyökalut. Reaaliaikaisessa ohjelmistossa tehokas virheenjäljitys vaatii myös informatiivisen lokityökalun. Tämä diplomityö keskittyy auttamaan LTE L2 virheenjäljitystä työssä toteutettavan lokityökalun avulla. Lokityökalu purkaa eNodeB-tukiasemasta saadut binääritiedostot lukemiskelpoiseen muotoon tekstitiedostoon. Tekstitiedostosta voidaan tutkia halutulla ajanhetkellä olevien jäljitettyjen muuttujien arvoja. Tällä voidaan varmistaa, onko LTE L2:n tiedonvirtaus sujunut onnistuneesti

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Seppänen, T. (Tuomas). « Automation improvements to LTE eNodeB user plane software integration testing ». Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201602111170.

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The LTE eNodeB base station software is composed of various interconnected components, which handle different functionalities. Integration testing is used to test the interfaces and interactions between the components when they are combined together. In agile software development new software component builds are created frequently, which leads to a need for a quick and automated testing environment. This thesis focuses on improving the level of automation in the LTE User Plane software integration testing continuous integration environment. Two different subjects, interface specification adaptation and test scenario configuration, are addressed in this study. An automated system triggered by the continuous integration platform is implemented to update the testing environment so that it complies with the latest interface specification. In addition, a new software tool is developed as a proof of concept for an alternative method for test script writing and test case creation. The tool is used to create and configure test scenarios in a graphical user interface and to automatically generate test scripts from the configuration instead of writing the test scripts manually. The operation of the automated adaptation system was observed for more than a year with over a hundred interface specification changes. Results show a substantial reduction in processing time when comparing to the earlier manual process and no errors were detected in the output. The new software tool for creating test scenarios achieves its goal. The tool enables the creation and configuration of basic test scenarios in the graphical user interface and the generated test scripts can be executed successfully
LTE eNodeB -tukiasema koostuu useasta toisiinsa yhteydessä olevasta komponentista, jotka käsittelevät eri toiminnallisuuksia. Integraatiotestausta käytetään komponenttien välisten rajapintojen ja vuorovaikutusten testaamiseen. Ketterässä ohjelmistokehityksessä uusia käännöksiä ohjelmistokomponenteista luodaan usein, mikä luo tarpeen nopealle ja automatisoidulle testiympäristölle. Tämä diplomityö keskittyy parantamaan automaation tasoa LTE User Plane -ohjelmiston integraatiotestauksen jatkuvan integroinnin ympäristössä. Työssä käsitellään kahta eri aihetta: rajapintamäärittelyihin mukautumista sekä testiskenaarioiden konfiguraatiota. Automatisoitu järjestelmä, jonka käynnistää jatkuvan integroinnin alusta, toteutetaan päivittämään testiympäristö noudattamaan viimeisintä rajapintamäärittelyä. Lisäksi uusi ohjelmistotyökalu kehitetään osoituksena vaihtoehtoisesta tavasta testikoodin kirjoittamiseen ja testitapausten luomiseen. Työkalua käytetään graafisessa käyttöliittymässä testiskenaarioiden muodostamiseen ja konfigurointiin sekä testikoodin automaattiseen tuottamiseen konfiguraatioiden pohjalta käsin kirjoittamisen sijaan. Automatisoidun mukautumisjärjestelmän toimintaa tarkkailtiin yli vuoden ajan, jona aikana havaittiin yli sata rajapintamäärittelyiden muutosta. Tulokset osoittavat huomattavan vähennyksen suoritusajassa verrattuna edeltäneeseen manuaaliseen prosessiin. Järjestelmän tuotoksissa ei tarkkailuajanjakson aikana havaittu virheitä. Uusi ohjelmistotyökalu testiskenaarioiden luomiseen täyttää sille asetetun tavoitteen. Työkalu mahdollistaa yksinkertaisten testiskenaarioiden luomisen ja konfiguraation graafisessa käyttöliittymässä. Työkalulla tuotetut testikoodit voidaan suorittaa onnistuneesti

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Coque, Laurent. « Function of the ENOD8 gene in nodules of Medicago truncatula ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5471/.

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To elaborate on the function(s) of the ENOD8 gene in the nodules of M. truncatula, several different experimental approaches were used. A census of the ENOD8 genes was first completed indicating that only ENOD8.1 (nt10554-12564 of GenBank AF463407) is highly expressed in nodule tissues. A maltose binding protein-ENOD8 fusion protein was made with an E. coli recombinant system. A variety of biochemical assays were undertaken with the MBP-ENOD8 recombinant protein expressed in E. coli, which did not yield the esterase activity observed for ENOD8 protein nodule fractions purified from M. sativa, tested on general esterase substrates, α-naphthyl acetate, and p-nitrophenylacetate. Attempts were also made to express ENOD8 in a Pichia pastoris system; no ENOD8 protein could be detected from Pichia pastoris strains which were transformed with the ENOD8 expression cassette. Additionally, it was shown that the ENOD8 protein can be recombinantly synthesized by Nicotiana benthamiana in a soluble form, which could be tested for activity toward esterase substrates, bearing resemblance to nodule compounds, such as the Nod factor. Transcription localization studies using an ENOD8 promoter gusA fusion indicated that ENOD8 is expressed in the bacteroid-invaded zone of the nodule. The ENOD8 protein was also detected in that same zone by immunolocalization. Confocal immunomicroscopy with an affinity-purified anti-ENOD8 oligopeptide antibody showed that the ENOD8 protein localizes at the interface between the plant and the bacteroid-differentiated rhizobia, in the symbiosome membrane or symbiosome space. This suggests a possible link between ENOD8 protein and bacteroid differentiation, nitrogen fixation, or plant defense. These possible functions for ENOD8 could be tested with an ENOD8-RNAi transgenic line devoid of detectable ENOD8 proteins.

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Holappa, M. (Mikko). « Performance comparison of LTE eNodeB OSI layer 2 implementations:preemptive partitioned scheduling vs. non-preemptive global scheduling ». Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2013. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201312021941.

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Radio access networks are constantly evolving into a more data intensive direction, emphasizing lower latencies and higher data rates. The growing number of mobile data users and the amount of data they consume requires more data processing capacity from mobile base stations than ever before. As radio access networks evolve according to 3GPP’s plans, so do base station hardware and software. This thesis presents a method for estimating data-link layer processing latencies in an LTE base station. Estimation helps base station manufacturers identify technical performance bottlenecks. It also provides an indication of what level of capacity can be offered to customers. Customers require capacity specifications before products are even implemented so that they can start planning their networks based on these estimated capacity limits. Knowing the capacity limits of new products before they are implemented is a key selling point when the products are being marketed towards network operators. A performance comparison of three different data-link layer implementations of an LTE base station is also presented. Measurement-based worst-case execution time estimation methods are used to create a parameterized model of each implementation. Modeling is done by relating changes in input parameters to changes in the observed execution times using statistical modeling techniques. Measurements are conducted using designed experiments. The resulting models are verified and validated, after which they can be used to estimate processing latencies for different parameter configurations, and to estimate capacity limits of future base station products
Radioliityntäverkkojen kehityksessä on viime aikoina keskitytty viiveiden lyhentämiseen ja tiedonsiirtonopeuksien kasvattamiseen. Mobiilidatan käyttäjien ja heidän käyttämänsä datan kasvava määrä vaatii tukiasemilta enemmän tiedonkäsittelykapasiteettia kuin koskaan aiemmin. Kun radioliityntäverkkoja kehitetään 3GPP:n kehityssuunnitelmien mukaan, samalla kehittyvät myös verkon tukiasemien laitteistot ja ohjelmistot. Tässä työssä esitetään menetelmä, jonka avulla voidaan ennustaa LTE -tukiaseman siirtoyhteyskerroksen latensseja. Ennustaminen auttaa tukiasemavalmistajia tunnistamaan teknisiä suorituskyvyn pullonkauloja. Ennusteet myös tarjoavat mahdollisuuden arvioida, kuinka paljon kapasiteettia uudet tuotteet voivat tukea. Verkko-operaattorit vaativat tietoa uusien tuotteiden kapasiteettirajoituksista jo ennen kuin tuotteet ovat vielä valmiita. He käyttävät tätä tietoa verkkosuunnittelunsa tukena. Kapasiteettirajoitusten tunteminen jo ennen tuotteiden toteutusta on tärkeä myyntivaltti, kun uusia tukiasematuotteita markkinoidaan operaattoreille. Tässä työssä esitetään myös kolmen erilaisen LTE-tukiaseman siirtoyhteyskerroksen toteutuksen suorituskykyvertailu. Mittauksiin perustuvia huonoimman suoritusajan arviointimenetelmiä käytetään luomaan parametrimalli kustakin toteutuksesta. Mallinnus toteutetaan suhteuttamalla parametrien arvojen muutokset niistä aiheutuvien siirtoyhteyskerroksen käsittelylatenssien muutoksiin käyttäen tilastollisia mallinnusmenetelmiä. Mittaukset toteutetaan käyttäen suunniteltuja kokeita. Tuloksena saatavat mallit todennetaan, minkä jälkeen niitä voidaan käyttää ennustamaan käsittelylatensseja eri parametriyhdistelmille. Malleja voidaan käyttää myös ennustamaan tulevien toteutusten tukemaa kapasiteettia ja suorituskykyä

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Pestrea, Anna. « Fuzz testing on eNodeB over the air interface : Using fuzz testing as a means of testing security ». Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176074.

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In modern society, security has become an increasingly important subject, as technologyhas become an integrated part of everyday life. The security of a system can be tested withthe help of fuzzing, where incoming messages to the system are altered. In this thesis, afuzzer was developed targeting an E-UTRAN Node B (eNB) in the Long-Term Evolution(LTE) landscape. The eNB is current prototype and is from the company Ericsson. Thefuzzer is particularly designed for testing the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer of theeNB. The fuzzer uses a genetic method where all of the fuzzer’s flags (the R, F2, E, LCID, Fand L flags) are triggered during the fuzzing period. Depending on the output of the firstgeneration of fuzzed values, new values are generated either by choosing a value close tothe original value, or by choosing a value that belong to the same subgroup as the originalvalue. Four test cases are made, where first test case is the base line of the program and theother three test cases fuzzes the eNB, using different parts of the fuzzer. The results show that depending on which parts of the fuzzer are used, the connectionbecomes different. For test two and three, the connection became increasingly unstable andmore data was present in the connection. Test case four did not however deviate so muchfrom the baseline, if compared to test two and three.

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Assasa, Hany. « Service Mobility in Mobile Networks ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-166540.

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In the current mobile network architecture, network traffic between user equipment (UE) and services deployed on the public cloud is tromboned towards the anchor point which could lead to network congestion. Deploying services closer to the UE, for example near the eNodeB, is a potential solution. The services are deployed on small scale data centers connected to, or collocated with the eNodeB, called ’eNodeB-Cloud’ (eNBC). Mobility of UEs presents a challenge for deploying services in an eNBC. When the UE is handed over from one eNodeB to another, seamless migration of UE context between the service instances running in different eNBCs needs to be ensured. In this thesis, we propose a Platform as a Service framework to enable UE context migration between eNBCs. The architecture consists of handover signaling mechanism, network session migration technology, context transfer protocol and a set of APIs towards the service. The evaluation of the prototype implementation shows that virtualization causes some extra delays to the UE context migration time. Whereas when virtualization is omitted, the time taken to migrate a UE context between two eNBCs is in the order of 12 ms on average, which is within the limit of handover interruption time between two LTE-eNodeBs.

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Asturima, Angelino Lino. « Instalación de un eNodoB LTE para la frecuencia 2.6 GHZ en el sector 1 de la estación base entrada San Bartolo para el operador Entel Perú 2021Instalación de un eNodoB LTE para la frecuencia 2.6 Ghz en el sector 1 de la estación Base Entrada San Bartolo para el operador ENTEL Perú 2021 ». Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/17757.

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Pretende realizar la instalación de un eNodoB LTE para la frecuencia 2.6Ghz que se realizó en la estación Base Entrada San Bartolo en el departamento de Lima para el operador ENTEL. Surge por la necesidad de mejorar el ancho de banda y la calidad de servicio en la localidad. Para el desarrollo de esta solución se utilizó el Estándar de instalación “LTE FDD 2.6 Ghz Ranco”, el trabajo que fue realizado en el sector 1, comprendió el Swap de la antena AAU3910 por la antena AOC4518R4v06, instalación de las unidades de radio remotas RRU3971(AWS) y RRU5301(2.6Ghz), reubicación de la RRU3942(GU), cableado correspondiente e instalación de la tarjeta UBBPe4 en la unidad de banda base BBU existente. La estación se integró a la red y se puso en servicio, cumpliéndose además con los acabados necesarios en el site, realizando el reporte fotográfico, inventario y las pruebas de drive test. Su implementación nos permitió ahorrar tiempo y recursos debido a la eficiencia de las operaciones y el incremento en la productividad. De manera indirecta todo ello promueve la realización de un espacio donde se intercambian opiniones e ideas con mayor dinamismo dando lugar a una atmosfera más productiva.

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Livres sur le sujet "Enod40"

Susumu, Kaneko. Enoden ensen bunjintachi no fūkei. Fujisawa-shi : Enoden Ensen Shinbunsha, 1990.

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Physical Layer Multicore Prototyping A Dataflowbased Approach For Lte Enodeb. Springer, 2012.

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Ltd, ICON Group, et Group International Inc ICON. ENODIS PLC : Labor Productivity Benchmarks and International Gap Analysis (Labor Productivity Series). 2^e éd. Icon Group International, 2000.

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Piat, Jonathan, Jean-François Nezan, Slaheddine Aridhi et Maxime Pelcat. Physical Layer Multi-Core Prototyping : A Dataflow-Based Approach for LTE ENodeB. Springer London, Limited, 2014.

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Ltd, ICON Group, et ICON Group International Inc. ENODIS PLC : International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (Financial Performance Series). 2^e éd. Icon Group International, 2000.

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Piat, Jonathan, Jean-François Nezan, Slaheddine Aridhi et Maxime Pelcat. Physical Layer Multi-Core Prototyping : A Dataflow-Based Approach for LTE ENodeB. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Enod40"

Flemetakis, M., N. Kavroulakis et P. Katinakis. « ENOD40 Gene in L. japonicus. Are the Two Different ENOD40 Genes Differentially Expressed ? » Dans Biological Nitrogen Fixation for the 21st Century, 336. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5159-7_194.

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Crespi, M., C. Johansson, C. Charon, F. Frugier, S. Poirier et A. Kondorosi. « Enod40 expression and phytohormonal imbalances in nodule organogenesis ». Dans Biological Fixation of Nitrogen for Ecology and Sustainable Agriculture, 55–58. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59112-9_11.

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Yang, Wei Cai, Karin van de Sande, Katharina Pawlowski, Jürgen Schmidt, Richard Walden, Martha Matvienko, Henk Franssen et Ton Bisseling. « ENOD40 expression precedes cell division and affects phytohormone perception at the onset of nodulation ». Dans Biological Fixation of Nitrogen for Ecology and Sustainable Agriculture, 51–53. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59112-9_10.

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Skøt, L., F. R. Minchin, E. Timms, M. T. Fortune, K. J. Webb et A. J. Gordon. « Analysis of the two nodulins, sucrose synthase and ENOD2, in transgenic Lotus plants ». Dans Current Issues in Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation, 99–106. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5700-1_14.

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Lassoued, Narjes, et Noureddine Boujnah. « Power Saving Approach in LTE Using Switching ON/OFF eNodeB and Power UP/DOWN of Neighbors ». Dans Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 337–49. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21009-0_33.

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Pichon, Magalie, Etienne-Pascal Journet, Annie Dedieu, Francoise De Billy, Thierry Huguet, Georges Truchet et David G. Barker. « Expression of the Medicago Truncatula ENOD12 Gene in Response to R. Meliloti Nod Factors and during Spontaneous Nodulation in Transgenic Alfalfa ». Dans New Horizons in Nitrogen Fixation, 285–90. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2416-6_31.

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Dickstein, R., J. Yang, X. Hu, D. Pringle, M. Konduri et C. Liu. « Progress on the Regulation and Function of Enod8, an Early Nodulin Gene from Medicago that May Encode a Lipolytic Enzyme ». Dans Biological Nitrogen Fixation for the 21st Century, 344. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5159-7_202.

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Mutafungwa, Edward, Zhong Zheng, Jyri Hämäläinen, Mika Husso et Matti Laitila. « Femtocells for Public Safety Communications ». Dans Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 215–44. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0092-8.ch012.

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The increased adoption of rich multimedia solutions in public safety communications is enhancing information sharing for improved situational awareness as well as boosting operational efficiency. However, the aforementioned benefits also place increasingly stringent quality-of-service demands on the underlying network infrastructure. In this chapter, the authors review the added value of utilizing femtocells for various public safety communications scenarios. To that end, a detailed case study on the exploitation of femtocellular resources for emergency telemedicine applications is presented as an illustrative example. Simulations carried out for an Long Term Evolution (LTE) network environment demonstrate significant improvements in terms of achievable throughput for the emergency response personnel when access to subscriber-owned residential LTE Home eNode Bs available in the indoor emergency sites is allowed, compared to the conventional option of accessing only operator-owned macro eNode Bs.

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GOVERS, FRANCINE, HENK J. FRANSSEN, CORNÉ PIETERSE, JEROEN WILMER et TON BISSELING. « FUNCTION AND REGULATION OF THE EARLY NODULIN GENE ENOD2 ». Dans Genetic Engineering of Crop Plants, 259–69. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-408-04779-1.50027-7.

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« 7. Sociology at a Singles Bar : The Pearly Eye Enodia anthedon ». Dans Social Butterflies, 138–59. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780691212685-009.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Enod40"

Wu, Ting, LanLan Rui, Ao Xiong et ShaoYong Guo. « An Automation PCI Allocation Method for eNodeB and Home eNodeB Cell ». Dans 2010 6th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wicom.2010.5600764.

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Ghosh, Amitava, et Rapeepat Ratasuk. « Multi-Antenna Systems for LTE eNodeB ». Dans 2009 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2009-Fall). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vetecf.2009.5378666.

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Vilela, Rafael, José Bianco, Felipe Figueiredo, Fabrício Lira, Romeu Gouvêa et Fabbryccio Cardoso. « Solução de Plataforma LTE para eNodeB ». Dans XXXI Simpósio Brasileiro de Telecomunicações. Sociedade Brasileira de Telecomunicações, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.14209/sbrt.2013.236.

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El Fawal, A. H., A. Mansour, M. Najem, F. Le Roy et D. Le Jeune. « LTE-M adaptive eNodeB for emergency scenarios ». Dans 2017 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictc.2017.8191035.

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Imen Grida Ben Yahia, Christian Destre et Aurelien Quenot. « Scenarios for eNodeB and SON functions programmability ». Dans 2014 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshops (WCNCW). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcncw.2014.6934887.

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Kai, Niu, Sun Jianxing, He Zhiqiang et Kok Keong Chai. « LTE eNodeB prototype based on GPP platform ». Dans 2012 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2012.6477583.

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Niu Kai, Sun Jianxing, Chen Kuilin et Kok Keong Chai. « TD-LTE eNodeB prototype using general purpose processor ». Dans 2012 7th International ICST Conference on Communications and Networking in China (CHINACOM 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chinacom.2012.6417598.

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Ting Wu, Lanlan Rui, Ao Xiong et Kai Zhu. « An extension of S1 AP protocol for home eNodeB ». Dans 2010 International Conference on Advanced Intelligence and Awareness Internet (AIAI 2010). IET, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2010.0714.

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Bilen, Tuğçe, Trung Quang Duong et Berk Canberk. « Optimal eNodeB Estimation for 5G Intra-Macrocell Handover Management ». Dans MSWiM '16 : 19th ACM International Conference on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2988272.2988284.

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Lotlikar, Ankita, et Sasikumar Periyasamy. « eNodeB configuration, performance and fault management for coverage optimization ». Dans 2018 Second International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceca.2018.8474809.

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