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1
Meso, Tlou Phestus. « Language dynamism in English-Northern Sotho/Northern Sotho-English bilingual dictionaries : a case of translation equivalence ». Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1511.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M. A. (Translation and Linguistics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016This study reveals that language dynamisms affect the compilation of Northern Sotho – English bilingual dictionaries. In this regard, the study shows that the role of translation equivalence cannot be taken for granted. To fully grasp what translation equivalence entails, the study compared formal equivalence with dynamic equivalence. Although there are merits in adopting foreign terms and concepts, the study investigates the problem lexicographers and terminologists of English–Northern Sotho or Northern Sotho–English bilingual dictionaries encounter and suggests possible solutions. Different strategies and procedures for dealing with non-equivalence between the source and target languages are also discussed. Lastly, the study recommends that language dynamism is inevitable if Northern Sotho is to thrive as one of the functional languages in the world. The consequences of shunning dynamism are dire as this might lead to language death.
2
Kobayashi, Chiho. « The use of pocket electronic dictionaries as compared with printed dictionaries by Japanese learners of English ». Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155615693.
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Maciel, Carla Maria Ataíde Hawkins Bruce Wayne Kalter Susan. « Bantu oral narratives in the training of EFL teachers in Mozambique ». Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1390280981&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1202917314&clientId=43838.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2007.Title from title page screen, viewed on February 13, 2008. Dissertation Committee: Bruce Hawkins, Susan Kalter (co-chairs), Kristin Dykstra. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 258-275) and abstract. Also available in print.
4
Chittaladakorn, Khemlada. « Unorthodox Oral Expressions in English Dictionaries, Corpora, Textbooks, and English Language Instructional Materials ». BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2911.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The aim of this project is to provide useful data from published dictionaries, corpora, and instructional materials, as well as sample lessons, to promote the teaching of Unorthodox Oral Expressions (UOEs) to learners of English as a second/foreign language. In the first chapter, the author reviews relevant literature, explains what UOEs are, and discusses the importance of incorporating UOEs in EFL or ESL classrooms. In the second chapter, a linguistic categorization of UOEs is given. In the third chapter, the results are given of an examination of 10 different dictionaries. The purpose of this examination was to find which of 56 target UOEs are included in each dictionary and what kind of definitions are given for them. The results show that many common UOEs are not included in most, or any, dictionaries. For the UOEs that are included in most dictionaries, the definitions do not always agree, and factors such as intonation are not taken into account. Moreover, the explanations on how the UOEs can be used are not complete. In the fourth chapter, three English language corpora are examined to discover which of the target 56 UOEs are the most frequently used. The results show some differences in UOE frequency between the corpora that include both spoken and written English text and the spoken English corpora. In the fifth chapter, the teaching of UOEs in ESL textbooks is analyzed. The results show that most of these books do not teach UOEs explicitly. In chapter six, experimental instructional units are provided. Results of piloting these lessons at Brigham Young University's English Language Center are discussed. In the last chapter, the author suggests possible future research involving UOEs.
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Rudd, Rebecca Lynn. « Electronic dictionaries in the ESL composition class ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2893.
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This thesis examines the use of electronic dictionaries by ESL students. In particular, it considers how, when and why students use electronic dictionaries in their writing processes. It also explores the extent to which students use words found in an electronic dictionary appropriately in their texts and whether electronic dictionary use influences their long-term acquisition of vocabulary.
6
黃奇芳 et Ki-fong Wong. « A study of Sidney Lau's 'a practical Cantonese-English dictionary' ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30257232.
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Mandalios, Jane. « Pedagogic imperialism in English language teaching : the case of bilingual dictionaries ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438364.
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Burlingham, Bronwyn. « Lexicographic traditions and prefatory discourse of 17 th century dictionaries : Monolingual English, monolingual French, and bilingual French-English works ». Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26861.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this study, we have explored the prefaces of monolingual English, monolingual French, and bilingual French-English dictionaries of the 17 th century. The monolingual works studied constitute the first of this kind to have been published. Over the course of this research, we have demonstrated that despite different lexicographic traditions, dictionary prefaces convey basically the same type of information, and address the same general issues.
This study is divided into two main sections. In the first, we have provided historical information on the dictionaries, so as to illustrate the historical context in which they were published.
In the second section, we have examined the prefaces themselves, first giving an overview of each text studied, and then providing a thematic analysis of the prefaces within each group as a whole, observing topics that are commonly treated among them, within the broader categories of dictionary content, lexicographic context, and linguistic context.
Over the course of the research, we have established that though each text is unique, certain features are shared not only among the prefaces within one same category, but in fact across all three types of dictionary.
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Mothiba, Tebogo Innocent. « The application of reversibility principle in Northern Sotho-english Bilingual dictionaries : a lexicographic analysis ». Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1140.
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Thesis (M.A. (Translation Studies)) --University of Limpopo, 2012This study focuses on aspects that form part of the reasons of not having complete bidirectional bilingual dictionaries and to find solutions to those problems. The following dictionaries have been evaluated in this study: Oxford Pukuntšu ya Sekolo School Dictionary (2010), Pharos Popular Northern Sotho Dictionary (2007 & 2009) and Sesotho sa Leboa/English Pukuntšu Dictionary (2006). Most African bilingual dictionaries which are supposed to be bidirectional are not because reversibility is not applied thoroughly. This study focuses on checking how Northern Sotho-English bilingual dictionaries apply the reversibility principle. When evaluating bilingual dictionaries it comes to light that there are a lot of errors that lexicographers commit and these errors negatively affect the process of compiling complete user-friendly bidirectional dictionaries. Having user-friendly bidirectional bilingual dictionaries is very important because dictionaries help different language speakers to learn each other’s language.
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Chavalala, Bulu James. « Lemmatisation of derivative nouns in Xitsonga-English bilingual dictionaries ». Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2373.
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Makwela, Matlaleng Maria. « The role of usage examples in Northern Sotho-English / English-Northern Sotho bilingual dictionaries ». Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2372.
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Kanazashi, Takashi. « User's guides in English-Japanese dictionaries for learners, with particular reference to grammatical information ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368369.
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張美玲 et Mei-ling Lisa Cheung. « An evaluation framework for internet lexicography ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31944553.
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Diab, T. A. A. « The role of dictionaries in ESP, with particular reference to student nurses at the University of Jordan ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234504.
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Benson, Philip. « The lexicography of English in the world : the treatment of China in four British dictionaries ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388605.
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Cho, Mi-ock Jeong. « A critical analysis of Korean-English dictionaries for productive use by Korean EFL learners ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368408.
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Wang, Mei. « A critical evaluation of bilingual Chinese/English dictionaries for elementary and intermediate Mandarin learners at Stellenbosch University ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19925.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The number of Chinese-learners in South Africa has increased rapidly in recent years, but the quality of the dictionaries that are available for their use has not improved much. The more students study Chinese, the more it becomes necessary to create suitable dictionaries to facilitate their studies. In the hope of meeting this need, this study selects two written dictionaries commonly used by students at Stellenbosch University in South Africa, namely the Oxford Beginner's Chinese Dictionary and the Concise English-Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary, to analyze, comment on and compare in terms of structure and equivalence. Using the results of this analysis, this study offers suggestions for improving the quality of future Mandarin learner’s dictionaries. This study takes into consideration the situation faced by students when learning Chinese abroad, especially in South Africa, the development of pedagogical lexicography in Chinese-learner’s dictionaries in China and abroad, the relationship between online dictionaries and written dictionaries, and some special characteristics of the Chinese language, all of which factors greatly influence the making of a dictionary. Theoretically and methodically, this study is based on Function Theory as presented by Sven Tarp. According to Function Theory, before writing a dictionary, lexicographers must analyze specific types of users in specific types of situations. This study attempts to follow Tarp’s suggestion by analyzing a small group of dictionary users with the help of a survey conducted by the author in an attempt to get a general idea of how Mandarin learners at Stellenbosch University use dictionaries. The main focus of this study is the frame structure, microstructure, macrostructure and dictionary equivalence in two dictionaries--Concise and Beginner’s. After carefully analyzing these aspects of the dictionaries, the author identifies the sections of these dictionaries which successfully present information in a way that will be most beneficial for their intended audiences. The study goes on to pinpoint less-successful sections of the two dictionaries and provides suggestions for improvement. In sum, this study focuses on using the principle of Function Theory to determine what features should be included in Mandarin learner’s dictionaries to make them more suitable for elementary and intermediate learners of Mandarin at Stellenbosch University, in South Africa, and, by extension, in other parts of the world.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die afgelope paar jaar het die aantal studente van Sjinees in Suid-Afrika aansienlik toegeneem, maar die standaard van beskikbare woordeboeke het nie veel verbeter nie. Hoe meer studente Sjinees bestudeer hoe noodsaakliker is dit om gepaste woordeboeke te ontwikkel om hulle in hulle studie te help. Om aan hierdie behoefte te voldoen, kies hierdie studie twee woordeboeke wat gereeld deur studente aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch benut word, naamlik die Oxford Beginner’s Chinese Dictionary en die Concise English-Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary, om hulle te ontleed, kommentaar te lewer en hulle met mekaar in terme van struktuur en ekwivalensie te vergelyk. Met behulp van gevolgtrekkings uit hierdie ontleding word voorstelle gemaak oor hoe om die standaard van toekomstige woordeboeke te verbeter. Die studie neem die situasie in ag waarmee studente wat in die buiteland Sjinees studeer, veral in Suid Afrika, te doen kry, die ontwikkeling van pedagogiese leksikografie in woordeboeke in Sjina sowel as die buiteland, die verhouding tussen aanlynwoordeboeke en gedrukte woordeboeke en sekere spesiale eienskappe van die Sjinese taal - alles faktore wat die opstel van woordeboeke beïnvloed. Teoreties en metodologies is hierdie studie op die funksieteorie, soos aangebied deur Sven Tarp, gebaseer. Volgens die funksieteorie moet leksikograwe voor die opstel van 'n woordeboek spesifieke tipes gebruikers in spesifieke situasies analiseer. Hierdie studie poog om Tarp se voorstelle te volg deur 'n klein groep woordeboekgebruikers, met behulp van 'n ondersoek, uitgevoer deur die outeur, te analiseer om sodoende 'n algemene idee te formuleer van hoe Mandarynse studente aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch woordeboeke benut. Die hooffokus van hierdie studie is die raamwerk, mikrostruktuur, makrostruktuur en ekwivalensie in die twee gekose woordeboeke – Concise en Beginner’s. Nadat hierdie aspekte van die woordeboeke noukeurig ontleed is, identifiseer die outeur die dele wat inligting op die voordeligste manier vir die bestemde gebruiker aanbied. Ook identifiseer hierdie studie die minder suksesvolle dele en stel moontlike verbeteringe voor. Samevattend fokus hierdie studie daarop om die beginsel van die funksieteorie te benut deur vas te stel watter eienskappe in woordeboeke ingesluit moet word om hulle meer geskik te maak vir elementêre en intermediêre Mandarynse studente aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch in Suid-Afrika, sowel as in ander dele van die wêreld.
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Ella, Edgard Maillard. « A theoretical model for a Fang-French-English Specialized multi-volume school dictionary ». Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/423.
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Lombardero, Caparrós Alberto. « The Historiography of English Language Teaching in Spain : A Corpus of Grammars and Dictionaries (1769-1900) ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/318808.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Aquesta tesi doctoral estudia la historiografia de l'ensenyament de la llengua anglesa a nivell nacional. En concret, ho fa des d'un punt de vista de la producció de gramàtiques i diccionaris publicats a Espanya entre 1769 i 1900. El primer capítol tracta sobre els diferents postulats teòrics referents a la historiografia de l'ensenyament de llengües estrangeres així com de la metodologia emprada i els objectius d'aquesta tesi. El segon capítol ofereix una visió global de l'evolució de gramàtiques i diccionaris a Europa, des de la invenció de la imprempta fins a la meitat del segle XVIII. El tema principal d'aquest capítol parla de la gramàtiques i diccionaris anglesos dirigits als espanyols. El tercer capítol es centra en el període objecte d'estudi d'aquesta tesi, entre 1769 i 1900, des de una triple perspectiva: els aspectes socio-culturals i polítics, la legislació educativa i una anàlisi dels diferents mètodes seguits a Espanya per l'aprenentatge i ensenyament de llengües estrangeres. El quart capítol ofereix, per primer cop, un corpus de totes les gramàtiques i diccionaris anglesos publicats a Espanya entre 1769 i 1900. A més a més també inclou dos repositoris per tal d'aconseguir una visió més àmplia de l'ensenyament de l'idioma anglès a Espanya: un corpus de gramàtiques i diccionaris publicats fora d'Espanya i dirigits a la població espanyola i un corpus de manuals anglesos, excepte gramàtiques i diccionaris, publicats a Espanya o a l'estranger i escrits per espanyols. El cinquè capítol s'endinsa en la història de les gramàtiques i diccionaris publicats a Espanya mitjançant un exhaustiu estudi sincrònic de dos gramàtiques i diccionaris representatius del corpus. Finalment, el sisè capítol, conté les conclusions i les futures línees de recerca derivades d'aquesta tesi.La presente tesis doctoral estudia la historiografía de la enseñanza del inglés a nivel nacional. En concreto, desde la perspectiva de la producción de gramáticas y diccionarios publicados en España entre 1769 y 1900. El primer capítulo trata sobre los diferentes postulados teóricos referentes a la historiografía de la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras así como de la metodología y los objetivos seguidos en esta tesis. El segundo capítulo ofrece una visión general de la evolución de las gramática y diccionarios publicados en Europa, desde la invención de la imprenta hasta mediados del siglo XVIII, con especial atención a las gramáticas y diccionarios ingleses dirigidos a españoles. El tercer capítulo se centra en el período objeto de estudio en esta tesis, entre 1769 y 1900, desde una triple perspectiva: los aspectos socio-culturales y políticos, la legislación educativa y un análisis de los diferentes métodos seguidos en España para el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras. Dicho capítulo incluye también dos repositorios más para conseguir una visión más amplia de la enseñanza del inglés en España: un corpus de gramáticas y diccionarios publicados fuera de España dirigidos a los españoles y un corpus de manuales ingleses escritos por españoles, excepto gramáticas y diccionarios, publicados en España o en el extranjero. El quinto capítulo se sumerge en la historia de la producción de gramáticas y diccionarios publicados en España mediante un exhaustivo estudio sincrónico de dos gramáticas y diccionarios representativos. Finalmente, el sexto capítulo, trata sobre las conclusiones finales y de las futuras líneas de investigación derivadas de esta tesis.
This doctoral thesis surveys the historiography of English Language Teaching (ELT) at a national level. In particular, from the standpoint of grammar and dictionary production in Spain since its origins back in 1769 until 1900. Chapter one deals with the varied theoretical approaches to a historiography of foreign language teaching as well as the methodology and objectives of this thesis. Chapter two provides a global overview of the evolution of grammars and dictionaries from the invention of printing to the mid-eighteenth century in Europe. Special attention is paid to English grammars and dictionaries aimed at the Spanish people. Chapter three focuses on the specific periodobject of study in this thesis, between 1769 and 1900, from a threefold perspective: sociocultural and political aspects, educational legislation, and an analysis of the different foreign language teaching methods followed in Spain. Chapter four represents a novelty since it provides, for the first time, a corpus of all the English grammars and dictionaries published in Spain between 1769 and 1900. Furthermore, it also includes two further corpora in order to get a broader picture of ELT in Spain: a corpus of grammars and dictionaries published outside Spain and aimed at the Spanish peolple and a corpus of English manuals other than grammars and dictionaries published in Spain or abroad and written by Spaniards. Chapter five delves into the the history of grammar and dictionary production in Spain by carrying out a thorough synchronic study of two representative grammars and dictionaries respectively. Eventually, chapter six deals with the final conclusions as well as the future lines of research derived from this thesis.
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Vagianou, Maria. « Cartoon humour in children's dictionaries and its effect on English language learning in Greek primary education ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323988.
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Brand, J. E. (Johanna Elizabeth). « Lexicographic inconsistency in the central list of major dictionary/groot woordeboek ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51817.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Bilingual dictionaries should have a decoding as well as an encoding function. Decoding dictionaries want to assist the user in interpreting the language, while encoding dictionaries want to help the user with the usage of the language. The present role of a bilingual or translation dictionary has to change from that of supplying only translation equivalents to one of supplying a more comprehensive data presentation. This should also include additional semantic and pragmatic information. The main aim of a bilingual dictionary should not only be the establishment of a relation of semantic equivalence between source and target language, but also reaching communicative equivalence in the process. This means that the user must be able to find the applicable equivalent of the source language item in the target language. One of the best ways for a lexicographer to test the communicative aptness of a given translation equivalent, is by means of the reversibility principle. It means that lexical item A, included as translation equivalent of lemma B in the X-section of a bidirectional translation dictionary, has to be included as a lemma in the Y-section ofthe dictionary with at least the lexical item B, the relevant lemma from the X-section, as one of its translation equivalents. Each lexical item included as a translation equivalent in the Y-section has to be included as the lemma in the X-section of the dictionary with at least the respective lemma from the Ysection as a translation equivalent. This thesis tries to show how, if not adhered to the above principles, an inferior product can be the result of many hours of painstaking work. The main problematic areas are inter alia those of labels, spelling inconsistencies and an absence of translation equivalents. However, some of the less obvious problematic areas are also touched upon.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tweetalige woordeboeke behoort 'n dekoderende sowel as 'n enkoderende funksie te hê. Dekoderende woordeboeke moet die gebruiker help om die taal te interpreteer, terwyl enkoderende woordeboeke die gebruiker moet help met die gebruik van 'n woodeboek. Die huidige rol van 'n tweetalige ofvertalende woordeboek moet verander van een wat slegs vertalingsekwivalente verskaf, na een met meer omvattende data. 'n Tweetalige woordeboek behoort nie slegs die gebruiker van vertalingsekwivalente te voorsien nie, maar behoort ook addisionele semantiese en pragmatiese inligting in te sluit. Een van die beste maniere vir 'n leksikograaf om die kommunikatiewe geskiktheid van 'n gegewe vertalingsekwivalent te toets, is deur middel van die omkeerbaarheidsbeginsel. Hiermee word bedoel dat leksikale item A, wat ingesluit is as 'n vertalingsekwivalent van lemma B in the X-seksie van 'n tweerigtingwoordeboek, ook ingesluit moet word as 'n lemma in die Y-seksie van die woordeboek met ten minste the leksikale item B, die relevante lemma van die X-seksie, as een van sy vertalingsekwivalente. Hierdie tesis gaan aandui hoe, wanneer daar nie aan hierdie vereistes voldoen word nie, 'n minderwaardige produk die resultaat is van baie ure se harde werk. Die hoofareas onder bespreking is onder meer etikette, Spellingonreëlmatighede en die afwesigheid van vertalingsekwivalente. Daar word egter ook aandag geskenk aan probleme wat nie op so 'n groot skaal voor kom nie.
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Nthambeleni, Mashudu. « A critical analysis of the role of translation in lexicography with reference to English-Tshivenda bilingual dictionaries ». Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1765.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) --University of Limpopo, 2016.Lack of properly translated Tshivenḓa-English dictionaries is a great challenge to dictionary users. In an attempt to address this challenge or problem, linguistic approach has been employed in this study, which was conducted in Vhembe District in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. This study critically analyses the role of translation in lexicography with special reference to selected Tshivenḓa-/English bilingual dictionaries. The selected dictionaries are: Tshikota’s (2006) Tshivenḓa/English Ṱhalusamaipfi Dictionary and Van Warmelo’s (1989) Venḓa Dictionary. The aim of this study was to examine the role of translation in lexicography with special reference to Tshivenḓa-English dictionaries. This study utilised a qualitative technique to collect the data and interviews were conducted with lexicographers, university lecturers, language practitioners, Tshivenḓa grade 12 educators and court interpreters. Data were analysed based on different answers from different questions posed to different respondents. The study showed that people who compile dictionaries and do translation, do not have proper background in translation. In addition, some of the people are not fluent in both the source and the target languages. It is recommended that in order to produce user-friendly dictionaries, compilers and translators should get a proper training in translation. In addition, translators should be fluent in both the source and target languages. Finally, school books (including prescribed and content books), should be translated in order to provide effective teaching and learning.
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Cantmo, Kristoffer. « Comparison of two Learner’s Dictionaries regarding Delexical verbs ». Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Humanities (HUM), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-4419.
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Nesi, Hilary. « The use and abuse of EFL dictionaries : how learners of English as a foreign language read and interpret dictionary entries ». Thesis, Swansea University, 1994. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42801.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis begins with a review of research into dictionary use. A number of experimental design problems are discussed, in particular the unreliability of questionnaire responses, and the need for detailed accounts of individual dictionary consultations whilst sampling in numbers sufficient to represent specified populations. The experiments reported in subsequent chapters investigate issues raised in the review. The first two studies find that dictionary use during a reading comprehension test affected completion speed but not test scores. The apparent failure of dictionary use to improve comprehension is attributed to the test itself, the dictionaries, and the users' choice of look-up words. The ability of users to interpret dictionary entries is investigated in three further studies which use computers to gather data on large numbers of individual consultations. The findings indicate that there is little difference between three major EFL dictionaries in terms of speed of consultation and overall productive success. They also indicate that Malaysian ESL subjects, who have higher vocabulary scores, are slower in their reading and less successful in their interpretation of entries than Portuguese EFL subjects. Finally, the findings suggest that overall productive success is unaffected by the presence or absence of examples. The experimental findings lead to the conclusion that dictionary consultation is a process in which users match pre-existing beliefs about word meaning and behaviour against segments in the dictionary entry. Such segments are often selected because they are familiar-sounding and conceptually accessible, but may contain only incomplete or non-essential information. Where pre-existing beliefs and dictionary information conflict, dictionary information is sometimes overridden. Thus word knowledge acquired from a single consultation is often insufficient to ensure productive success. Although it is probably inevitable that word knowledge will be acquired slowly, through multiple encounters, modifications to the dictionary entry and the training of users might help to avoid serious misinterpretation of dictionary information.
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Chow, So-wah Amy, et 周素華. « The use of dictionaries by F.6 students in a Hong Kong secondary school ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29665206.
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Fronk, Amanda Kae. « Determining Dictionary and Usage Guide Agreement with Real-World Usage : A Diachronic Corpus Study of American English ». BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4093.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dictionaries and, to a lesser extent, usage guides provide writers, editors, and users of American English information on how to use the language appropriately. Dictionaries, in particular, hold authority over correct usage of words. However, historically, usage guides and dictionaries were created using the knowledge of a small group of people. Lexicographers like Noah Webster set out to prescribe a proper way of using American English. To make these judgments, they often relied on a combination of study and idiosyncratic intuitions. A similar process took place in creating usage guides. Though these manuals profess to explain how the language is used by American English speakers-or rather by the selected group of speakers deemed "standard" by usage guide editors and lexicographers-ultimately the manuals can only express the perspectives of the editors and lexicographers on this language. Historically, the views of these editors and lexicographers were the best tools available to assess language, but now computer-based corpora allow for studying larger swaths of language usage. This study examines how much dictionaries and usage guides agree with real-world usage found in corpus data. Using the Corpus of Historical American English, a set of dictionaries and usage guides published throughout the last two hundred years were analyzed to see how much agreement they had with corpus data in noting the addition of denominal verbs (i.e., verbs formed by the conversion of nouns as in 'They taped together the box.') in American English usage. It was found that the majority of the time dictionaries noted new denominal verbs before corpus data reflected accepted usage of these verbs. However, about a quarter of the time dictionaries noted new denominal verbs concurrently with the corpus data. These results suggest that dictionaries-and the subjective opinions of the lexicographers that created them-are more aligned with real-world usage than would be expected. Because of sparse listings, results for usage guide agreement was inconclusive.
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Höfling, Camila [UNESP]. « Traçando um perfil de usuários de dicionários- estudantes de letras com habilitação em língua inglesa : um novo olhar sobre dicionários para aprendizes e a formação de um usuário autônomo ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103619.
Texte intégralRésumé :
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Os dicionários representam hoje uma ferramenta de importância fundamental no processo de ensino/aprendizagem de Língua Inglesa no Brasil. A reflexão sobre a Lexicografia e a preocupação com a confecção de dicionários para aprendizes - falantes não-nativos de Língua Inglesa - têm crescido ultimamente. Isso nos remete principalmente à questão do papel deste usuário neste cenário. Este trabalho surgiu, então, como uma tentativa de investigar o comportamento do usuário de dicionários, tendo como objetivo descrevê-lo e analisá-lo, por meio de instrumentos que permitissem à pesquisadora observar o usuário em ação, ou seja, utilizando o dicionário. O objetivo central deste estudo foi traçar um perfil de usuários de dicionários em contexto específico de ensino de Língua Inglesa em Nível Superior, ou seja, consideramos para este estudo estudantes universitários que estivessem freqüentando o curso de Licenciatura em Letras e que tivessem escolhido a Língua Inglesa como Habilitação. Isso nos permitiu, portanto, propor diretrizes para a elaboração de dicionários para aprendizes neste contexto específico. Os resultados apontam que os usuários, em geral, não possuem educação lexicográfica, o que faz com que sua consulta aos dicionários seja muitas vezes falha e incompleta. Entretanto, o estudo permite afirmar que tais usuários têm clareza quanto ao que precisam procurar e o que esperam encontrar em um dicionário para aprendizes. Exatamente por isso, a análise desse conjunto de opiniões dos diferentes usuários permite compor um quadro de informações essenciais para se repensar a elaboração de dicionários para aprendizes.
Dictionaries represent a tool of fundamental importance in the English learning-teaching process in Brazil today. The reflection on Lexicography and the concern with the making of dictionaries for non-native speakers of English have grown lately. This sends us mainly to the dictionary user's role in this scenery. This work appeared, then, as an attempt to investigate the behavior of the dictionary user, having as objective to describe and analyze this user with instruments that could allow the researcher to observe the user in action, that is to say, using the dictionary. The main objective of this study was to trace a profile of users of dictionaries in the specific context of English teaching in college, that is, for this study we considered college students who were attending the course of Letters with habilitation in English language. We were allowed, therefore, to propose guidelines for the elaboration of dictionaries for learners in this specific context. The results show that users, in general, do not have lexicographical education, which makes that their consulting to the dictionary be a lot of times ineffective and incomplete. However, the study allows us to affirm that such users know exactly what to look up and what they expect to find in a learner's dictionary. For this reason, the analysis of the opinions of different users allows the composition of essential information to rethink the elaboration of learner's dictionary.
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Höfling, Camila. « Traçando um perfil de usuários de dicionários- estudantes de letras com habilitação em língua inglesa : um novo olhar sobre dicionários para aprendizes e a formação de um usuário autônomo / ». Araraquara : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103619.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Orientador: Beatriz Nunes de Oliveira LongoBanca: Ângela Cecília de Souza Rodrigues
Banca: Ademar da Silva
Banca: Dirce Charara Monteiro
Banca: Bento Carlos Dias da Silva
Resumo: Os dicionários representam hoje uma ferramenta de importância fundamental no processo de ensino/aprendizagem de Língua Inglesa no Brasil. A reflexão sobre a Lexicografia e a preocupação com a confecção de dicionários para aprendizes - falantes não-nativos de Língua Inglesa - têm crescido ultimamente. Isso nos remete principalmente à questão do papel deste usuário neste cenário. Este trabalho surgiu, então, como uma tentativa de investigar o comportamento do usuário de dicionários, tendo como objetivo descrevê-lo e analisá-lo, por meio de instrumentos que permitissem à pesquisadora observar o usuário em ação, ou seja, utilizando o dicionário. O objetivo central deste estudo foi traçar um perfil de usuários de dicionários em contexto específico de ensino de Língua Inglesa em Nível Superior, ou seja, consideramos para este estudo estudantes universitários que estivessem freqüentando o curso de Licenciatura em Letras e que tivessem escolhido a Língua Inglesa como Habilitação. Isso nos permitiu, portanto, propor diretrizes para a elaboração de dicionários para aprendizes neste contexto específico. Os resultados apontam que os usuários, em geral, não possuem educação lexicográfica, o que faz com que sua consulta aos dicionários seja muitas vezes falha e incompleta. Entretanto, o estudo permite afirmar que tais usuários têm clareza quanto ao que precisam procurar e o que esperam encontrar em um dicionário para aprendizes. Exatamente por isso, a análise desse conjunto de opiniões dos diferentes usuários permite compor um quadro de informações essenciais para se repensar a elaboração de dicionários para aprendizes.
Abstract: Dictionaries represent a tool of fundamental importance in the English learning-teaching process in Brazil today. The reflection on Lexicography and the concern with the making of dictionaries for non-native speakers of English have grown lately. This sends us mainly to the dictionary user's role in this scenery. This work appeared, then, as an attempt to investigate the behavior of the dictionary user, having as objective to describe and analyze this user with instruments that could allow the researcher to observe the user in action, that is to say, using the dictionary. The main objective of this study was to trace a profile of users of dictionaries in the specific context of English teaching in college, that is, for this study we considered college students who were attending the course of Letters with habilitation in English language. We were allowed, therefore, to propose guidelines for the elaboration of dictionaries for learners in this specific context. The results show that users, in general, do not have lexicographical education, which makes that their consulting to the dictionary be a lot of times ineffective and incomplete. However, the study allows us to affirm that such users know exactly what to look up and what they expect to find in a learner's dictionary. For this reason, the analysis of the opinions of different users allows the composition of essential information to rethink the elaboration of learner's dictionary.
Doutor
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Gaudern, Mia Rose. « The etymological poetry of W.H. Auden, J.H. Prynne, and Paul Muldoon ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3402e823-5179-4f72-97f9-cb428afe6784.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis investigates the roles played by etymology in the work of three late modernist poet-critics: W. H. Auden, J. H. Prynne, and Paul Muldoon. The relationship between poetry and etymology has a long history, but the advent of modern linguistics at the beginning of the twentieth century brought about a change in this relationship. Structuralism developed a more comprehensive condemnation of the etymological fallacy – the view that historical forms and meanings are relevant to current ones - that both isolated etymology as an abstract field of study and undermined its scientific validity. One reaction to this state of affairs has been to re-evaluate etymological discourse itself as poetic or rhetorical. But it is the tension created by what Paula Blank has called 'the quasi-disciplinarity of etymological desire' that motivates Auden, Prynne, and Muldoon's concerns with linguistic historicity. Etymological poetry encourages, even necessitates, very close reading. While this thesis accepts the challenge to read arguably too closely, it also examines the limits of such an approach and its implications for the relationship between poetry and criticism. The first three chapters consider how Auden, Prynne, and Muldoon invoke etymologies in their own criticism, and how etymology affects the ways their poetry may be said to communicate. The second three develop these analyses into new interpretations of commonly debated aspects of their work: Auden's landscape poetry, Prynne's lyricism, and Muldoon's onomastics. It is argued that the fact of obsolescence is key to the etymological poetic; obsolete forms and meanings make poetry difficult, but in the process they intimate that a truer way of representing the world may be (re)discovered. All three poet-critics confront and absorb the consequences of etymological obscurity. Their preoccupation with the history of words is self-consciously and unavoidably pedantic, and it is this pedantry that plays the most significant role in the poetic power they accord to etymology.
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Iu, Kam-man Violet, et 姚錦雯. « The impact of dictionary use in four different conditions on incidental vocabulary learning ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B27056946.
Texte intégral
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Wells, Stephanie Alice. « Vocabulary development in a grade 7 class using dictionary skills : an action research project ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003708.
Texte intégralRésumé :
As I was involved as a voluntary, part-time teacher in a local, semi-rural school in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, I became increasingly aware of the learners' lack of English literacy. I therefore decided to do a practical research on vocabulary development, focusing on dictionary skills. In this thesis I describe how I implemented a vocabulary development programme as an Action Research project. My research group was a grade 7 class of English First Additional Language learners who had minimal exposure to English at school and in their communities. The class was a mixture of Afrikaans and isiXhosa home language speakers and the medium of instruction was Afrikaans. The school served a low-income community and was poorly resourced. As dictionary skills is a requirement of the national curriculum, I used 10 time-tabled lessons over a 5 week period to introduce the learners to dictionaries. My data sources were a journal detailing my reflections on each lesson; a video-recording of the lessons; small group interviews after each lesson which were audio-recorded; tasksheets on the work covered in class and questionnaires asking the learners for written responses to the lessons. The class teacher who filmed the lessons was also asked for feedback during and after the programme. My goals were to assess my teaching approach in these circumstances and to what extent the outcomes were positive for the learners. As I had come from a background of English Home Language teaching in good, well-resourced schools I found I had to question many of my assumptions. Although I was an experienced, qualified and confident teacher, I was continually having to reassess my teaching methods which were being challenged by very different classroom conditions. The outcomes of the research show why I was not able to achieve what I had thought I could in the time given.
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Castelo, Isabel Maria Velosa. « An annotated Afrikaans/English list of accounting terms as used in annual reports ». Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/16493.
Texte intégral
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Mabasa, Patricia Tinyiko. « An evaluation of translation procedures with special reference to Xitsonga and English : the case of natural science and technology dictionary ». Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2299.
Texte intégral
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Ramusi, John-Kent Mokoetja. « Analysing contextual guidance in selected Sepedi-English dictionaries ». Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3438.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M. A. (Translation and Linguistics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020The purpose of this study was to analyse contextual guidance in selected Sepedi-English dictionaries. It analysed different issues related to the manner in which contextual guidance is presented in the selected Sepedi-English dictionaries. Firstly, it looked at how the relationship between the headword and the translation can positively or negatively affect the presentation of contextual guidance. Also, it focused on the presentation of structural markers and how they contribute to contextual guidance which is not well presented. It then looked at the manner in which the dictionary compilers could present the lexical items in accordance with microstructural aspects. Lastly it focused on the need and manner in which microstructural aspects could make the dictionary user-friendly with the usage of pictorials as other means of contextual guidance assistance to the target users. The researcher has separated and allocated the lexical items according to themes and contexts. The researcher discovered that there is a need for user-friendly dictionaries which consist of contextual guidance which has a relationship with the lexical item. That will assist the target users to understand how the translation equivalent could be used
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Letsoalo, Alydia Modjadji. « An evaluation of structural markers in some Northern Sotho/English bilingual dictionaries :a lexicographic perspective ». Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/986.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (MA. (Translation Studies and Linguistics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2012Structural markers, front matter, contextual guidance and cross-referencing are some of the important features of bilingual dictionaries which are often taken for granted. This study evaluates the presentation of structural markers in some Northern Sotho/English Bilingual dictionaries, with special reference to Pharos: Popular Northern Sotho Dictionary and Sesotho sa Leboa/English Pukuntšu Dictionary. The study further evaluates the use of the front matter, contextual guidance and cross-referencing in bilingual dictionaries. The study has established that bilingual dictionaries can become user-friendly if they identify and use appropriate strategies, as this leads to communicative success. By contrast, the incorrect application of a comma or a semicolon may lead to a misinterpretation of the supplied equivalents in bilingual dictionaries.
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Huang, Da-Fu. « Taiwanese university English majors' beleifs [i.e. beliefs] about English dictionaries and their dictionary strategy use ». 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3116090.
Texte intégral
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Sarraf, Ramin. « Designing a Persian slang dictionary ». 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/18371.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the highly developed field of Persian-English lexicography a major gap exists in the area of colloquial, slang, and argot in Persian. To date, no Persian-English Dictionary of Persian colloquial slang, or argot language exists. This study fills this gap. The dissertation proper tells the story of the process and the fully covered /vāv/ section treats current slang and argot headwords and phrases including slang and secret languages of smugglers, drug dealers, prison inmates, the military and the teenagers. The dictionary which will be referred to as The Persian-English Dictionary of Slang (PEDS) presents a sample of 200 headwords beginning in the letter; [Arabic character] /vāv/. This study provides a sample of how the work is generated. The whole dictionary contains 15000+ headwords.text
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Wissing, Robin John. « Language contact and interference in the acquisition of English proficiency by Bantu-speaking students ». Diss., 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3370.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study analyses the causes of error in the written english of black senior
secondary pupils and teacher trainees. Using Error Analysis and Contrastive
Analysis in a form known as Interference Analysis and covering a full range of
grammatical, syntactical and lexical issues! erroneous items in English are
compared with the same items in the learners' first language in order to isolate
an identify such errors. Analysis of these errors shows which are due to
direct interlingual transfer which are not completely attributable to direct
transfer, and which are intralingual, the result of idiosyncratic language
usage or merely mistakes rather than errors. While recognizing the degree
to which Black learners' language habits have become fossilized and the extent
to which standerdized errors form part of the English used by Bantu-speaking
students, this study sets out to improve proficiency in English by explaining the
the causes of error and by suggesting possible remedial approaches.English Studies
M.A. (English)
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Huang, Dafu. « Taiwanese university English majors' beleifs [i.e. beliefs] about English dictionaries and their dictionary strategy use ». 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/12054.
Texte intégral
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Makwala, Matlala Rivonia. « An analysis of divergence in selected Northern Sotho/ English bilingual dictionaries ». Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3460.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis ( M.A. (Translation Studies and Linguistics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020Bilingual dictionaries often do not meet the needs of dictionary users because they contain information that is not well presented. This poses as a challenge to the users because they end up retrieving the wrong information. Divergence is one of the most important equivalent relation in bilingual dictionaries and lexicographers often take it for granted. This study analyses the presentation of divergence in selected Northern Sotho/English bilingual dictionaries with reference to Pharos Popular Northern Sotho Dictionary and Oxford Northern Sotho/English Bilingual Dictionary. This study further analyses the use of structural markers in bilingual dictionaries because the correct/incorrect use of structural markers also have an impact on the presentation of divergence. This study reveal that bilingual dictionaries can become user-friendly and meet the needs of the users if lexicographers can apply appropriate strategies when compiling dictionaries as this will lead to communicative success
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Sacia, Laura Ellen. « The translation of 'you' an examination of German, Portuguese, and Vietnamese address terms and their treatment in dictionaries and L2 learning materials / ». 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1158513971&SrchMode=1&sid=4&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1264797670&clientId=23440.
Texte intégral
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Motjope-Mokhali, Tankiso Lucia. « A comparative analysis of Sesuto-English dictionary and Sethantso sa SeSotho with reference to lexical entries and dictionary design ». Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22205.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Since the publication of Dr. Johnson’s first English dictionary in 1755, there have been rapid changes in the development of dictionaries in other parts of the world. However, the advances are perceived more in other languages of the world such as the European languages while in Africa, the changes have been very slow. The majority of dictionaries utilised by most Africans are bilingual and were produced by the missionaries. These dictionaries were aimed at serving the needs of the missionaries, but more recently African scholars have been trying to create dictionaries that are intended to meet the needs of the native speakers particularly because the existing dictionaries contain many words which are archaic or going out of use. This means that the currently produced dictionaries should reflect the changes that have occurred in languages and society. The two dictionaries under scrutiny, Sesuto-English Dictionary and Sethantšo sa Sesotho, share similar content as if they were both targeting the same generation even though the former was written by missionaries in the 19th century while the latter was created by a Sesotho native speaker in the 21st century. This study aimed to establish whether the two dictionaries are the same or not, or whether Sethantšo sa Sesotho had been derived from Sesuto-English Dictionary as well as whether the two dictionaries meet the needs of the contemporary users. The study employed adaptation theory in order to discover the originality of Sethantšo sa Sesotho. User-perspective approach and communication-oriented function were utilised to judge the effectiveness of the two dictionaries in reading and writing and to analyse users’ views. The study established that Sethantšo sa Sesotho has adapted 69% lexical items from Sesuto-English Dictionary; words are arranged in a similar order in both dictionaries with slight differences here and there; most definitions and illustrative phrases/sentences are the same even though the author of Sethantšo sa Sesotho did not acknowledge using any written source of information, thus violating the principles of adaptation; use of these dictionaries during reading and writing was found to be beneficial to users; and both dictionaries lack current words which users encounter daily.African Languages
D. Litt. et Phil.(African Languages)
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Mpapa, Memory. « Nxopaxopo wa mahungu ya xilingwisitiki eka swihluvi swin'wana swa mbulavulo eka dikixinari ya Tsonga-English dictionary ya Cuenod, R ». Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/405.
Texte intégral
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Lawton, Ralph Stanley. « The making of the Kiriwina to English dictionary ». Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149732.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis describes the making of the Kiriwina to English dictionary and its structure and content. The dictionary, which presently exists as a computer file containing some 20,000 entries, was compiled over several decades and is the most comprehensive for Kiriwina yet written. There are seven chapters. In the first chapter, after introducing the people's land, language and culture, I give an account of past research into their language. Chapter 2 sketches Kiriwina phonology, and sets out the orthography. Chapter 3 provides a fairly detailed grammar sketch, including an account of the various grammatical categories which appear in dictionary entries and which are integral to the organisation of entries and subentries. The balance of the thesis treats theoretical and especially practical problems encountered in the making of the dictionary. Chapter 4 outlines the history of the project, including my personal history and place in the Kiriwina community in the work of Bible translation. Particular attention is paid to the selection of the Kavataria dialect of Kiriwina as the language documented in the dictionary, and to the level of indigenous participation in this dialect choice. Expected main users of the dictionary are identified. The methods of fieldwork and data collection employed in compilation are detailed, together with the reasons for excluding certain classes of words, such as most proper nouns. Various technical problems encountered in making the dictionary are noted; many of these are elaborated on in later chapters. The remaining three chapters deal with the actual content and organisation of the dictionary. Chapter 5 describes the various types of entries and the ordering of data within entries. The concept of a family of lexemes, related by virtue of sharing one particular lexeme as a primary constituent, is an important feature of the organisation of this dictionary. Chapter 6 defines the key notion of 'lexical unit' or 'sense unit' as opposed to 'lexeme' (a headword which may consist of many sense units) and outlines the criteria used to identify lexicalised multi-morphemic words and multiword expressions. Finally, chapter 7 treats semantic relations between lexical units such as synonymy, antonymy, and inclusion, and the ways these relations are recorded in dictionary entries.
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Robertson, Judith Smyth. « Australian lexicography 1880-1910 ». Phd thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151727.
Texte intégral
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Shoba, Feziwe Martha. « Exploring the use of parallel corpora in the complilation of specialised bilingual dictionaries of technical terms : a case study of English and isiXhosa ». Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25478.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Text in EnglishAbstracts in English, isiXhosa and Afrikaans
The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act 108 of 1996, mandates the state to take practical and positive measures to elevate the status and the use of indigenous languages. The implementation of this pronouncement resulted in a growing demand for specialised translations in fields like technology, science, commerce, law and finance. The lack of terminology and resources such as specialised bilingual dictionaries in indigenous languages, particularly isiXhosa remains a growing concern that hinders the translation and the intellectualisation of isiXhosa. A growing number of African scholars affirm the importance of specialised dictionaries in the African languages as tools for language and terminology development so that African languages can be used in the areas of science and technology. In the light of the background above, this study explored how parallel corpora can be interrogated using a bilingual concordancer, ParaConc to extract bilingual terminology that can be used to create specialised bilingual dictionaries. A corpus-based approach was selected due to its speed, efficiency and accuracy in extracting bilingual terms in their immediate contexts. In enhancing the research outcomes, Descriptive Translations Studies (DTS) and Corpus-based translation studies (CTS) were used in a complementary manner. Because the study is interdisciplinary, the function theories of lexicography that emphasise the function and needs of users were also applied. The analysis and extraction of bilingual terminology for dictionary making was successful through the use of the following ParaConc features, namely frequencies, hot word lists, hot words, search facility and concordances (Key Word in Context), among others. The findings revealed that English-isiXhosa Parallel Corpus is a repository of translation equivalents and other information categories that can make specialised dictionaries more user-friendly and multifunctional. The frequency lists were revealed as an effective method of selecting headwords for inclusion in a dictionary. The results also unraveled the complex functions of bilingual concordances where information on collocations and multiword units, sense distinction and usage examples could be easily identifiable proving that this approach is more efficient than the traditional method. The study contributes to the knowledge on corpus-based lexicography, standardisation of finance terminology resource development and making of user-friendly dictionaries that are tailor-made for different needs of users.
Umgaqo-siseko weli loMzantsi Afrika ukhululele uRhulumente ukuba athabathe amanyathelo abonakalayo ekuphuhliseni nasekuphuculeni iilwimi zesiNtu. Esi sindululo sibangele ukwanda kokuguqulelwa kwamaxwebhu angezobuchwepheshe, inzululwazi, umthetho, ezemali noqoqosho angesiNgesi eguqulelwa kwiilwimi ebezifudula zingasiwe-so ezinjengesiXhosa. Ukunqongophala kwesigama kunye nezichazi-magama kube yingxaki enkulu ekuguquleleni ngakumbi izichazi-magama ezilwimi-mbini eziqulethe isigama esikhethekileyo. Iingcali ezininzi ziyangqinelana ukuba olu hlobo lwezi zichazi-magama luyimfuneko kuba ludlala iindima enkulu ekuphuhlisweni kweelwimi zesiNtu, ekuyileni isigama, nasekusetyenzisweni kwazo kumabakala obunzululwazi nobuchwepheshe. Olu phando ke luvavanya ukusetyenziswa kwekhophasi equlethe amaxwebhu esiNgesi neenguqulelo zawo zesiXhosa njengovimba wokudimbaza isigama sezemali esinokunceda ekuqulunqweni kwesichazi-magama esilwimi-mbini. Isizathu esibangele ukukhetha le ndlela yophando esebenzisa ikhompyutha kukuba iyakhawuleza, ulwazi oluthathwe kwikhophasi luchanekile, yaye isigama kwikhophasi singqamana ngqo nomxholo wamaxwebhu nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukufumana iintsingiselo nemizekelo ephilayo. Ukutyebisa olu phando indlela yekhophasi iye yaxhaswa zezinye iindlela zophando ezityunjiweyo: ufundo lwenguguqulelo oluchazayo (DTS) kunye neendlela zokuguqulela ezijoliswe kumsebenzi nakuhlobo lwabasebenzisi zinguqulelo ezo. Kanti ke ziqwalaselwe neenkqubo zophando lobhalo-zichazi-magama eziinjongo zokuqulunqa izichazi-magama ezesebenzisekayo neziluncedo kuninzi lwabasebenzisi zichazi-magama ngakumbi kwisizwe esisebenzisa iilwimi ezininzi. Ukuhlalutya nokudimbaza isigama kwikhophasi kolu phando kusetyenziswe isixhobo sekhompyutha esilungiselelwe ikhophasi enelwiimi ezimbini nangaphezulu ebizwa ngokuba yiParaConc. Iziphumo zolu phando zibonise mhlophe ukuba ikhophasi eneenguqulelo nguvimba weendidi ngendidi zamagama nolwazi olunokuphucula izichazi-magama zeli xesha. Kaloku abaguquleli basebenzise amaqhinga ngamaqhinga ukunika iinguqulelo bekhokelwa yimigomo nemithetho yoguqulelo enxuse abasebenzisi bamaxwebhu aguqulelweyo. Ubuchule beParaConc bokukwazi ukuhlela amagama ngokwendlela afumaneka ngayo kunye neenkcukacha zamanani budandalazise indlela eyiyo yokukhetha imichazwa enokungena kwisichazi-magama. Iziphumo zikwabonakalise iintlaninge yolwazi olufumaneka kwiKWIC, lwazi olo olungelula ukulufumana xa usebenzisa undlela-ndala wokwakha isichazi-magama. Esi sifundo esihlanganyele uGuqulelo olusekelwe kwiKhophasi noQulunqo-zichazi-magama zobuchwepheshe luya kuba negalelo elingathethekiyo kwindlela yokwakha izichazi-magama kwilwiimi zeSintu ngokubanzi nancakasana kwisiXhosa, nto leyo eya kothula umthwalo kubaqulunqi-zichazi-magama. Ukwakha nokuqulunqa izichazi-magama ezilwimi-mbini zezemali kuya kwandisa imithombo yesigama esinqongopheleyo kananjalo sivelise izichazi-magama eziluncedo kwisininzi sabantu.
Die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika, Wet 108 van 1996, gee aan die staat die mandaat om praktiese en positiewe maatreëls te tref om die status en gebruik van inheemse tale te verhoog. Die implementering van hierdie uitspraak het gelei tot ’n toenemende vraag na gespesialiseerde vertalings in domeine soos tegnologie, wetenskap, handel, regte en finansies. Die gebrek aan terminologie en hulpbronne soos gespesialiseerde woordeboeke in inheemse tale, veral Xhosa, wek toenemende kommer wat die vertaling en die intellektualisering van Xhosa belemmer. ’n Toenemende aantal vakkundiges in Afrika beklemtoon die belangrikheid van gespesialiseerde woordeboeke in die Afrikatale as instrumente vir taal- en terminologie-ontwikkeling sodat Afrikatale gebruik kan word in die areas van wetenskap en tegnologie. In die lig van die voorafgaande agtergrond het hierdie studie ondersoek ingestel na hoe parallelle korpora deursoek kan word deur ’n tweetalige konkordanser (ParaConc) te gebruik om tweetalige terminologie te ontgin wat gebruik kan word in die onwikkeling van tweetalige gespesialiseerde woordeboeke. ’n Korpusgebaseerde benadering is gekies vir die spoed, doeltreffendheid en akkuraatheid waarmee dit tweetalige terme uit hulle onmiddellike kontekste kan onttrek. Beskrywende Vertaalstudies (DTS) en Korpusgebaseerde Vertaalstudies (CTS) is op ’n aanvullende wyse gebruik om die navorsingsuitkomste te verbeter. Aangesien die studie interdissiplinêr is, is die funksieteorieë van leksikografie wat die funksie en behoeftes van gebruikers beklemtoon, ook toegepas. Die analise en ontginning van tweetalige terminologie om woordeboeke te ontwikkel was suksesvol deur, onder andere, gebruik te maak van die volgende ParaConc-eienskappe, naamlik, frekwensies, hotword-lyste, hot words, die soekfunksie en konkordansies (Sleutelwoord-in-Konteks). Die bevindings toon dat ’n Engels-Xhosa Parallelle Korpus ’n bron van vertaalekwivalente en ander inligtingskategorieë is wat gespesialiseerde woordeboeke meer gebruikersvriendelik en multifunksioneel kan maak. Die frekwensielyste is geïdentifiseer as ’n doeltreffende metode om hoofwoorde te selekteer wat opgeneem kan word in ’n woordeboek. Die bevindings het ook die komplekse funksies van tweetalige konkordansers ontknoop waar inligting oor kollokasies en veelvuldigewoord-eenhede, betekenisonderskeiding en gebruiksvoorbeelde maklik identifiseer kon word wat aandui dat hierdie metode viii doeltreffender is as die tradisionele metode. Die studie dra by tot die kennisveld van korpusgebaseerde leksikografie, standaardisering van finansiële terminologie, hulpbronontwikkeling en die ontwikkeling van gebruikersvriendelike woordeboeke wat doelgemaak is vir verskillende behoeftes van gebruikers.
Linguistics and Modern Languages
D. Litt. et Phil. (Linguistics (Translation Studies))
47
Mwelwa, Joseph Mulenga. « The didactics of an English-Bemba anthology of oral traditional narratives in the Zambian Grade Ten literature class ». Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20201.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Within the multilingual context of Zambia, Grade Ten Literature in English language pedagogy could incorporate the learners’ language and culture to help enrich participation and facilitate understanding of concepts among the learners who are in the foundational year of the literature course. However, current Literature in English language pedagogy is characterized by a monolingual practice with English dominating the literature learning/teaching classroom space – thus rendering the learners’ local linguistic and cultural knowledge impotent. To remedy the situation, the study investigated a dominant local language – Bemba – for a linguistic genre suitable for use in Literature in English language pedagogy. Archival retrieval and live recording of Bemba oral traditional narratives produced the initial research data. Transcription and translation techniques created an anthology from which a bilingual resource (BR) was derived. The BR was then trialled among Grade Ten Literature in English language learners in schools in the Copperbelt province of Zambia. Focus group discussions by participants generated evaluative data whose analysis using qualitative techniques indicate that learners responded positively to the bilingual materials and approach. Teachers were equally enthusiastic, describing the bilingual approach to Literature in English language pedagogy as unique, innovative and liberating. A Linguistic Synergy theory was thus developed to account for teachers’ and learners’ experiences in a bilingual Literature in English classroom.English Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (English)
48
Greyling, Isa Jakoba. « Uitbeelding van apartheid in Engelse Suid-Afrikaanse jeugliteratuur ». Diss., 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16878.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Summaries in Afrikaans and EnglishApartheid het die oorgrote meerderheid Suid-Afrikaners se lewens onherroeplik beinvloed. Dit is daarom te verstane dat dit in die Suid-Afrikaanse literatuur, insluitende die Engelse Suid-Afiikaanse jeugliteratuur, neerslag gevind het. Ten einde die studie in konteks te plaas, word in die eerste drie hoofstukke 'n historiese oorsig van die apartheidsera, Engelse Suid-Afrikaanse volwasse literatuur, en Engelse Suid-Afrikaanse kinderen jeugliteratuur, gegee. Die hoofgedeelte van die studie word vervolgens bespreek, en is in die volgende drie hoofstukke verdeel: • Die uitbeelding van sosio-ekonomiese toestande gedurende die apartheidsera, soos byvoorbeeld van afsonderlike woongebiede en aparte openbare geriewe. • Die uitbeelding van die onderwystoestande, veral van die Bantoe-onderwysbeleid. • Die uitbeelding van die veiligheidsmagte (polisie en weermag), insluitende die beeld van hierdie magte in die bree gemeenskap. Ten slotte word verskillende ooreenkomste wat na vore gekom bet in die bestudeerde Engelse Suid-Afrikaanse jeugromans waarin apartheid uitgebeeld word, bespreek. Daar word ook gekyk na die waarde van hierdie jeugromans.
Apartheid had a irrevocably influence on the lives of the majority of people in South Africa. Therefore it is understandable that it would be portrayed in South African literature, including the English South African youth literature. To put the subject in context, the first three chapters ofthe thesis deal with a historical overview of the apartheidera; South African English adult literature; and South African English children's literature. The main part of the thesis has been divided as follows: • The portrayal of socio-economic conditions, e.g. separate residential areas and public amenities. • The portrayal of the education situation, especially the Black Education policy. • The portrayal of the security forces (police and army), including the images of these forces in the broader community. To conclude the thesis, similarities in the youth novels portraying apartheid are discussed. The value of these youth novels is also looked into.
Information Science
M. Inf.