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1
Bertomeu-Sánchez, José Ramón. « Arsenical Pesticides in Early Francoist Spain : Fascism, Autarky, Agricultural Engineers and the Invisibility of Toxic Risks ». HoST - Journal of History of Science and Technology 13, no 1 (1 juin 2019) : 76–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/host-2019-0004.
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Abstract Lead arsenate was introduced on a massive scale in agriculture in Spain in the early 1940s. With the support of a network of agricultural engineers, the new Francoist state encouraged the production and use of lead arsenate as the main weapon against a newly arrived pest, the Colorado potato beetle. In this paper I discuss arsenical pesticides as sociotechnological products which played a pivotal role in the joint production of both chemical-based agriculture and the emerging Francoist regime in Spain during the 1940s. I review the campaigns organized by agriculture engineers and the making of the new National Register for Phytosanitary Products in 1942. The new regulations promoted research in pesticide quality control but also contributed to concealing the health hazards. This invisibilization of the risks took shape in the confluence of interests of the emerging Francoist state, the new pesticide industry, and the large network of agricultural engineers.
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Luengo, Pedro. « Military Engineering in Eighteenth-Century Havana and Manila : The Experience of the Seven Years War ». War in History 24, no 1 (janvier 2017) : 4–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344515620829.
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The Spanish defeat in the Seven Years War led to a reassessment of the overseas fortification system. This paper analyses the role played by military engineers in the debate over the reconstruction of fortresses in Havana and Manila, and the influence of French discussions on the topic. The results were the product of Franco-Spanish cooperation that improved formal education. The conclusion is that the combined Bourbon response substantially advanced the science of siege craft and significantly improved the status of military engineers in Spain.
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Fuentes-Del-Burgo, Joaquín, et Elena Navarro-Astor. « What is engineering education for ? Listening to the voices of some Spanish building engineers ». Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 14, no 4 (3 octobre 2016) : 897–919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-04-2015-0019.
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Purpose Aristotle’s concepts of “episteme”, “techne” and “phronesis” are used to understand the relevance of the education that Spanish building engineers receive to their subsequent work as construction site managers. This paper aims to clarify the role of educational factors as they influence any disparities that building engineers who are working as site managers may feel. More specifically, the objectives are to explore the satisfactions and dissatisfactions they experience in doing their job; to describe the ways they find to cope with educational deficiencies; and to gather their suggestions for improving building engineering education. Design/methodology/approach Using an interpretive approach within the qualitative paradigm, this study draws on data obtained from semi-structured interviews with a sample of 34 building engineers working as site managers in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). Findings According to the site managers themselves, Spanish universities mainly teach Aristotle’s episteme (abstract knowledge and general principles) and some techne (applied, technical knowledge and skills), which fall short of the expectations placed upon them by their employers. Research limitations/implications Because of the chosen research approach, the sample size is relatively small and results may lack generalisability. Practical implications The results have practical implication for building engineering curriculum design related to the enhancement of building engineers employability and job satisfaction. Originality/value The existing literature offers insight into job-educational mismatches of different occupations in different countries, drawing on survey questionnaires. There is, however, a gap in respect of Spain and the job of the construction site manager. This paper goes some way towards filling that gap, reporting on the experiences of some higher education “customers”: Spanish building engineers working as site managers.
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Senichenkov, Yuriy B. « InMotion Project. Impressions in Hot Pursuit ». Computer tools in education, no 1 (30 mars 2020) : 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2071-2340-2020-1-87-98.
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The international project InMotion (Germany, Spain, Slovenia, Russia, Malaysia) within the framework of the European Union Erasmus+ program was dedicated to the development of electronic and distance courses "Computer modeling"for engineers. The authors of the project propose to include modeling in the number of fundamental engineering courses. To provide methodological support for new disciplines, curricula, traditional textbooks and their electronic versions, and distance courses were developed. (Spain, Slovenia, Russia). The article discusses the experience of teaching new subjects during the 2019-2020 academic year at the universities of the project participants.
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Rodríguez-Roda, I., F. Castells, X. Flotats, J. Lema et I. Tejero. « Environmental engineering education in Spain ». Water Science and Technology 49, no 8 (1 avril 2004) : 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0498.
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There is a growing demand for engineers and technologists who show multidisciplinary expertise to deal with environmental issues. As a result of this demand, most countries are adapting their old university programs on environmental engineering education. In Spain an official environmental engineering degree does not yet exist, but the Council of Universities is working to present a proposal, based on Bologna agreement concepts. The paper summarizes not only the future perspectives of environmental engineering education in Spain, but also the evolution of the approach during the last decades, which includes the role of the private initiative, the environmental sciences degree, and the intensification in different traditional engineering degrees. Finally, the paper briefly details and compares the syllabus developed in the only four Spanish universities where environmental engineering is offered as a non-official post-graduate course lasting two years.
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Bradley, Peter T., et David F. Marley. « Pirates and Engineers : Dutch and Flemish Adventurers in New Spain, 1607-1697 ». Bulletin of Latin American Research 12, no 2 (mai 1993) : 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3338152.
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Bradley, Peter T., et David F. Marley. « Pirates and Engineers : Dutch and Flemish Adventurers in New Spain (1607-1697). » Hispanic American Historical Review 74, no 2 (mai 1994) : 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2517592.
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Bradley, Peter T. « Pirates and Engineers : Dutch and Flemish Adventurers in New Spain (1607-1697) ». Hispanic American Historical Review 74, no 2 (1 mai 1994) : 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-74.2.347.
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Fabregat, Jaime. « Explicit Training in Human Values and Social Attitudes of Future Engineers in Spain ». Science and Engineering Ethics 19, no 4 (12 novembre 2013) : 1551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-013-9487-7.
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Lyapichev, Yury P., Guido Mazza, Enrique Mateu, Gerald Zenz et Alain J. Carrère. « Reliability and applicability of modern numerical analyses of dams ». Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings 15, no 6 (15 décembre 2019) : 458–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/1815-5235-2019-15-6-458-469.
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Relevance. At present the application of numerical analyses to real problems of dam engineering has suffered at times from the gaps between the specialists of mathematical modeling and dam engineers and managers. The first group usually includes information system specialists because they are able to develop the computer models to their full potential. The professionals belonging to the second group often prefer to revert to traditional methods of calculation and empirical methods based on their proven experience. The aim of the work - based on recommendations of International workshops seminars, organized by the ICOLD Committee on Computational Aspects of Dam Analysis and Design, help dam engineers to interact with mathematical modeling specialists and to work with them without language barriers or gaps in knowledge. In this relation the assessment of reliability and applicability of numerical analyses of dams allows engineers to develop the optimal dam design. Methods. Assessment of the reliability of numerical methods of analyses of dam behavior was based on data of 10 International benchmark-workshop seminars, organized by the Committee in Italy (1991 and 1992), France (1994 and 2009), Spain (1996), USA (1999), Austria (2001), Romania (2003), China (2005), Russia (2007), in which specialists of these countries also took part.
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Callaghan, Vic, Achilles Kameas, Dolors Royo, Angelica Reyes et Leandro Navarro. « The Fifth International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE 09) : A Report ». AI Magazine 30, no 4 (2 janvier 2010) : 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v30i4.2277.
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The development of intelligent environments is considered an important step towards the realization of the ambient intelligence vision. Intelligent environments are technologically augmented everyday spaces, which intuitively support human activity. The IE conferences traditionally provide a leading edge forum for researchers and engineers to present their latest research and to discuss future directions in the area of intelligent environments. This article briefly presents the content of the Fifth International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE09), which was held July 20–21 at the Castelldefels campus, of the Technical University of Catalonia, near Barcelona, Spain.
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Lozano-Martínez, F. R., F. Arévalo-Rodríguez et G. Granado-Castro. « METAMORPHOSIS OF PUERTA TIERRA FROM CADIZ (SPAIN) IN THE 18TH CENTURY AS A PARADIGM OF MODERN FORTIFICATION ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (24 juillet 2020) : 993–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-993-2020.
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Abstract. The city of Cadiz, located in a peninsula, was initially defended by its only land access through a wall of land extended from coast to coast across the isthmus; this access was erected at the beginning of the 16th century. After being devastated by an Anglo-Dutch attack in 1596 (where they had access by this flank), Felipe II decided to rebuild the city and this defensive element. Furthermore, after the Spanish War of Succession, Puerta Tierra [Land Gate] experienced a considerable metamorphosis that would complete its integration in the first quarter of the 18th century, becoming now a complete defensive system that would protect one of the most important squares of the Kingdom of Spain. In this sense, this work can be considered one of the most representative examples of the application of military treatises based on the ideas developed by the French marshal Vauban and applied by the Spanish engineer Ignacio Sala. This research focuses on the defensive elements whose works, which were developed between approximately 1730 and 1760, involved large earthworks and an intensive use of the oyster stones, resulting in the final configuration of the work. The analysis developed below is based on the plans prepared by the Spanish engineers involved in this construction.
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Ongay de Felipe, Iñigo. « Technology, objects and ideology in the Francoist Spain. Review of Lino Camprubí´s Engineers and the Making of the Francoist Regime, The MIT Press, 2014. » Transversal : International Journal for the Historiography of Science, no 1 (29 décembre 2016) : 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.24117/2526-2270.2016.i1.15.
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Salmerón Lissén, José, Laura Romero Rodríguez, Francisco Durán Parejo et Francisco Sánchez de la Flor. « An Economic, Energy, and Environmental Analysis of PV/Micro-CHP Hybrid Systems : A Case Study of a Tertiary Building ». Sustainability 10, no 11 (7 novembre 2018) : 4082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114082.
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Our present standard of living depends strongly on energy sources, with buildings being a primary focus when it comes to reducing energy consumption due to their large contribution, especially in tertiary buildings. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the performance of two different designs of hybrid systems, composed of natural gas engines and photovoltaic panels. This will be done through simulations in TRNSYS, considering a representative office building with various schedules of operation (8, 12, and 24 h), as well as different climates in Spain. The main contributions of this paper are the evaluations of primary energy-consumption, emissions, and economic analyses for each scenario. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to observe the influence of energy prices, as well as that of the costs of the micro-CHP engines and PV modules. The results show that the scenario with the conventional system and PV modules is the most profitable one currently. However, if electricity prices are increased in the future or natural gas prices are reduced, the scenario with micro-CHP engines and PV modules will become the most profitable option. Energy service engineers, regulators, and manufacturers are the most interested in these results.
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Pérez-Criado, Silvia, et José Ramón Bertomeu Sánchez. « From arsenic to DDT : Pesticides, Fascism and the invisibility of toxic risks in the early years of Francoist Spain (1939-1953) ». Culture & ; History Digital Journal 10, no 1 (29 avril 2021) : e004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2021.004.
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This paper reviews the way in which Spanish agriculture climbed onto the pesticide treadmill. We claim that Fascist policies and expert advice assembled in the early 1940s accelerated the introduction of pesticides into Spanish agriculture and promoted the emergence of the Spanish pesticide industry in the times of autarky. Agricultural engineers were the key protagonists in this process, but other human and non-human actors also played a pivotal role: a new pest (the Colorado beetle), Francoist politicians, farmers, landowners and industry managers. Our focus is on the use of pesticides against the Colorado beetle (the main threat to the potato crop), and the transition from arsenical pesticides to DDT during the 1940s. We discuss how the politics of autarky offered new opportunities for developing agronomic programmes and the chemical industry and led to the creation of the Register of Pesticides in 1942. We also discuss the role of these regulations in concealing the risks of pesticides from farmers and food consumers. Arsenic pesticides became sources of slow poisoning and tools for social control while reinforcing the alliance of agricultural engineers and Fascist politicians in their autarkic and authoritarian projects. When DDT arrived in Spain, the agricultural engineers praised the low toxicity it had demonstrated (compared to lead arsenate) in its first uses in public health and in military campaigns in Italy. Indeed, the data concerning its potential dangers disappeared from view thanks in part to a large multimedia campaign launched to promote the introduction of the new organic pesticides in Spanish agriculture, which is described at the end of the paper.
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Donnarumma, Luigia, Roberto Sandulli, Luca Appolloni, José Sánchez-Lizaso et Giovanni Russo. « Assessment of Structural and Functional Diversity of Mollusc Assemblages within Vermetid Bioconstructions ». Diversity 10, no 3 (28 août 2018) : 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d10030096.
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Dendropoma lebeche is a prosobranch gastropod belonging to the family Vermetidae, which calcifies its shell on hard substrates in dense aggregates, forming biogenic constructions along the western Mediterranean intertidal habitat. It is an important ecosystem engineer and, due to its ecological value, is protected by international convention. The aim of this study is to investigate the mollusc composition and diversity occurring within Spanish vermetid bioconstructions. During the late summer 2013, three distant sites along the Mediterranean coast of Spain were sampled by scraping off the vermetid shells to study their associated assemblages. A total of 600 molluscs were identified within the classes of Polyplacophora (four species), Gastropoda (35 spp.) and Bivalvia (18 spp.). Multivariate analyses revealed significant differences in composition and trophic diversity of mollusc assemblages among the three sites, highlighting a clear geographical gradient. Overall, both herbivores (grazers and deposit feeders) and omnivores were the quantitatively dominant trophic groups, while carnivores (predators and ectoparasites) were very scarce. Our results point out that mollusc assemblages associated with vermetid bioconstructions are rich and diversified, both in populations structure and trophic diversity, confirming the important role of vermetid gastropods as ecosystem engineers and biodiversity enhancers in shallow coastal waters.
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MacÃas González, Gizelle Guadalupe, et Maria Nuria Salan Ballesteros. « Profile of female students of engineering universities in Mexico and Spain ». New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no 1 (28 juin 2017) : 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v3i1.1758.
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Gender studies in higher education have emerged in parallel to reflections and rising feminist movement. The main objectives of academic feminism are related to women's visibility improvement as well as soft skills developers’ roles. But a gap in TECH studies can be detected. Women studies in higher education are mostly related to life and social sciences,behavioral, journalism and information, business and management and law, in contrast to engineering, architecture,manufacturing, construction, ICT or any kind of TECH studies. Thus, the main objective of this work is related to survey design in order to develop a qualitative research to inquire about TECH higher education, female population profile, both at UdGCUALTOS (Guadalajara, Mexico) and UPC (Barcelona, Spain).This profile can provide some influent identity elements, related to perceptions and expectations of women-TECH, deemed appropriate from their professions as engineers. From these results, it should be possible to draw gender alternatives for future generations in TECH environments.Keywords: Gender studies, women students, engineering, higher education, expectations.
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Shumak, Ljudmila. « ENGINEERING LABOUR MARKET IN CONSTRUCTION IN UKRAINE AND ABROAD ». Three Seas Economic Journal 1, no 4 (28 décembre 2020) : 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2020-4-23.
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The purpose of the article is to analyse the engineering labour market on the example of the profession of design engineer in modern conditions of the construction market in Ukraine and abroad. It is also necessary to study the formation of the integrated view of the structure, state and dynamics of the labour market in design enterprises; qualification requirements for engineers; compliance of the vocational education system with these requirements. Design is a type of labour activity in construction as a branch of professional activity. The article contains statistical indicators of wages that characterize the profession of design engineer, and innovative activities of design enterprises. The indicator of the level of innovative development of design enterprises is the quality of products (projects). One of the main characteristics of design is the price of the product. It includes the Customer’s assessment of all other design properties. Pricing issues have been and continue to be one of the guiding problems of the country’s construction industry, including design and the salaries of design engineers. Methodology. The design market in Ukraine has a situation that reflects the overall state of the construction industry. The development of this type of business and its participants is differently influenced by many factors. Project market participants in Ukraine can be classified: by the form of ownership – state departmental institutions and commercial structures; by the volume of work – design enterprises and design institutes that act as general designers, who mainly perform all stages of the project. Architectural workshops, mainly specializing in the stages of “sketch project” and “project”; design departments at the construction and assembly organizations performing stages “working design”, “working documentation”, separate sections of projects or only detailing for production. There were about 70 design enterprises and about 200 architectural workshops in Kyiv in 2016, according to the Association of Design Enterprises. The potential of Ukraine as a “technical” state, that is able to solve complex problems and generate complex solutions and products with high added value, is due to the potential of the educational field of technical direction. Accordingly, in 2016 in Ukraine, the relative number of graduates of technical specialties was 2 times more than in the UK or Poland, namely, in European countries, thousands of people: Ukraine – 130; France – 105; Germany – 93; Turkey – 75; Great Britain – 71; Poland – 66; Spain – 56; Italy – 48; Romania – 39. In 2015-2016, training in the fields of construction specialties in Ukraine was carried out by 49 higher education institutions. Today, one of the shortcomings of education is the lack of modern curricula; technical fields are getting excessively humanitarian and detachment from practice, in particular, the application of European standards. Some Western academic subjects are not taught in Ukrainian universities at all, which reduces the competitiveness of graduates. Certification of responsible executors of design works in construction in 2012 was a significant step towards the liberalization of the market of design services. The responsibility of engineers was personified and strengthened, but at the same time their object and financial possibilities were increased. As of December 2015, more than 22,000 design engineers have been certified in Ukraine. It can be stated that for the period 2016-2019, a fairly developed market of design services has been formed in Ukraine. Its key features are the attraction to large cities, diversification by specialties and grounds on the existing, including the Soviet, experience, as well as concentration and duplication of functions, in particular, design institutes by the commercial sector, etc. Significant potential is due to intellectual capacity, diversity of tasks and the accumulated practice of Ukrainian designers, which provides certain advantages in the international market of design services. Today, the customer is moving away from design technologies, which means that the designer’s work must be built in such a way that the customer understands the need for investment at the design stage of the facility, taking into account further operation. The lack of design and the need to revise salaries affects the value of real estate. The lack of engineers affects the organization of construction and the market as a whole. Increasing the salaries of design engineers, creating more favourable working conditions lead to an increase in the cost of construction work from 9 to 15%. Understanding the difficulties faced by the design industry, it is logical to think about the ways to overcome them in the near future. Conclusion. Nowadays, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the analysis of the engineering labour market in construction allows to understand the innovative activity of the project enterprise and to mark the course of further development of the market of design services in Ukraine. Reducing unhealthy competition among designers is possible due to new approaches to work aimed at optimizing and improving the performance of design companies. Stories of design engineers having to leave their favourite profession to make a living are a thing of the past. Now it is a prestigious and profitable speciality. To be relevant in the profession, you must, first of all, learn foreign languages, read technical literature in English. Self-education, i.e. the ability to independently search and analyse information, to develop oneself as a specialist, is of great importance. High erudition is a quality possessed by the Soviet-era engineers and often lacking in many modern design engineers. At the same time, it is of great importance because the building is a single organism, and the design engineer must understand not only construction, but also related fields. The main feature that distinguishes a design engineer is a certain mindset. And the work must be highly paid for this. Considering the issue of the engineering labour market in Ukraine, it is safe to say that there are temporary professions that are in vogue, and there are those that will always be in demand, and the profession of design engineer is one of them.
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Martykánová, Darina. « Shaping a New Man : The Schools for the State Engineers in Nineteenth-Century Spain (1830s–1900) ». Engineering Studies 6, no 2 (4 mai 2014) : 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19378629.2014.944535.
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Miguel-Eguía, V., M. García-Teruel, J. A. Martínez-Martínez et F. García-Sevilla. « Circumstances and Conditions in the Accreditation Process of University Degrees at the Albacete School of Industrial Engineering (Spain) ». Multidisciplinary Journal for Education, Social and Technological Sciences 3, no 2 (3 octobre 2016) : 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/muse.2016.4547.
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<p class="Textoindependiente21">This work considers some of the main aspects involved during the period that elapsed between the validation of our degrees to the present time, which the School of Industrial Engineers of Albacete are currently under-going. One of the most disturbing factors has been teaching staff, who have been subjected to Spain’s economic circumstances. Other considerations, related to some difficulties of the re-accreditation process, have also been taken into account. Finally, we point out that although new learning methodologies were expected, the scope and the way Quality systems operate have arrived somewhat late.</p>
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Pons, Josep Maria. « The Hardy Cross method and its implementation in Spain ». Lámpsakos, no 23 (8 mai 2020) : 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21501/21454086.3402.
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In May 1930, Hardy Cross (1885-1959) published an article called ‘Analysis of continuous frames by distributing fixed-end moments’ in the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). This article proposed a new approach to Structural Theory, and its relevance could be compared to that of the Three Moments Theorem (also known as the Clapeyron Theorem). The Cross method, as this calculation methodology has been often called, had remarkable significance from the moment it came out until the 70s, when new calculation methods became popular.
In the present article, we will be trying to evaluate its impact in locations far from its origins; in particular, how it was understood and formulated in Spain. As will be demonstrated, the importance of this method was extremely relevant for theconstruction of new buildings and the implementation of new industries, which started to appear in a decisive moment for the development of the country. Even though the Hardy Cross method was the most widely used methodology at the time, two other procedures were also available; namely, the Kani and the Takabeya methods, methods that would also appear in the technical bibliography of the time. Despite the infrequent implementation of these other methods, we have briefly referred to both of them in the present paper. This article aims to show the relevance of the Cross method as well as its early implementation in Spain, by using academic bibliography of that time.
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Gutiérrez-González, Sara, Claudia Elena Coello-Torres, Lourdes Alameda Cuenca-Romero, Verónica Calderón Carpintero et Alba Rodrigo Bravo. « Incorporating Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) into Common Practices for Architects and Building Engineers ». International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 22, no 2 (28 février 2023) : 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.22.2.2.
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Higher education institutions and educators must provide their students with the opportunity to have global, intercultural, and collaborative experiences that will enable them to solve specific problems in different socio-cultural contexts. Industry 4.0 provides a very suitable context in which to carry out these experiences from home, thus contributing to the wider goals of environmental sustainability and global availability. This work analyzes students’ experiences and engagement when involved in collaborative online international learning (COIL), aimed at establishing how pluricultural competence can be digitally developed in the field of architecture at university level. The experiment was carried out as part of the assessments for first year undergraduate students enrolled in a bachelor’s degree in architecture in Piura, Peru and postgraduate students enrolled in a master’s degree in inspection, rehabilitation, and energy efficiency in Burgos, Spain. Results show that the experience motivated participants, with 48% responding that they were very satisfied, 38% extremely satisfied, and 14% moderately satisfied. The study’s findings confirm that pluricultural competence among students can be enhanced by using virtual cooperation. The learning experience offered participants the chance to boost their confidence and communication skills and to take part in a new learning environment as well as to exchange knowledge with international peers, thereby preparing them to form part of a global environment.
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Ortiz-Marcos, Isabel, Valeria Breuker, Rocío Rodríguez-Rivero, Björn Kjellgren, Frédéric Dorel, Marco Toffolon, Diego Uribe et Virna Eccli. « A Framework of Global Competence for Engineers : The Need for a Sustainable World ». Sustainability 12, no 22 (17 novembre 2020) : 9568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229568.
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This paper presents the results of the first part of the Tools for Enhancing and Assessing the Value of International Experience for Engineers (TA VIE) project, launched in 2018, and outlines a contemporary understanding of global competence for engineers, as understood by European engineering companies. Striving to make engineering education more comprehensively aligned to the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and thereby meeting demands from industry and society, the notion of “global competence” has attracted more and more attention from engineering schools. While there is no universally agreed on definition of global competence, the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) definition, which explicitly combines global awareness and intercultural communication competence with sustainability efforts, seems potentially well positioned to inform higher education institutions’ (HEI) global competence education. This is perhaps especially so when it comes to international student mobility, an area which is regularly seen as an important means to enhance global competence while all too often being assessed not in terms of qualitative student development, but in terms of structural indicators. However, in order to assess and improve curricula and mobility programs, the desired learning outcomes must first be specified. Based on research in five European countries (Spain, Italy, Sweden, France and Hungary), this paper details the understanding, requirements and perceived skill gaps of companies hiring engineering graduates, a first step towards improved and assessable global competence education for engineering students.
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Lema, J. M., et F. Omil. « Anaerobic treatment : a key technology for a sustainable management of wastes in Europe ». Water Science and Technology 44, no 8 (1 octobre 2001) : 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0483.
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Environmental regulations in the European Union, based on the concept of integrated prevention and control of pollution, are oriented towards the sustainability of the production processes, and this leads to better recovery of resources from raw materials, energy saving, etc. This philosophy introduces a new framework to Environmental Engineers, who have to make efforts concerning waste minimisation. During the last few decades technologies based on the anaerobic treatment of wastewaters and organic wastes have been applied successfully to a wide variety of problems. A case study on the impact of applying anaerobic technology to the treatment of wastewaters from the sugar industry in Spain is presented. Nowadays, processes based on anaerobic treatment appear to be an excellent option as the core of an integrated process for waste and wastewater treatment.
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Rose, Edward. « British pioneers of the geology of Gibraltar, Part 3 : E. B. Bailey and Royal Engineers 1943 to 1953 ». Earth Sciences History 33, no 2 (1 janvier 2014) : 294–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.33.2.41034242256m4671.
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Edward Battersby Bailey (1881-1965), Director of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, visited the 6-km2 Gibraltar peninsula twice in 1943, in transit from/to England and the Mediterranean island of Malta. He spent only five days in total on Gibraltar, but submitted two influential reports to its Fortress Headquarters, guided by rock features exposed by recent quarrying. On his recommendation, a deep borehole was drilled below the northern isthmus in an attempt to locate a supposed aquifer in Cenozoic sandstones believed to extend south from Spain, and A. L. Greig (a graduate of Imperial College, London, serving locally in the ranks of the Royal Engineers) prepared a new geological map (at 1:5,280) and a report to help guide tunnel excavation within the bedrock. Between 1945 and 1948, Lieutenant (later Captain) G. B. Alexander (a graduate of the University of Cambridge also serving in the Royal Engineers) generated a much more detailed map (at 1:2,500) of the bedrock plus superficial deposits, together with associated diagrams and geotechnical reports. These unpublished documents, and fossils collected during their preparation, influenced a re-interpretation of Gibraltar (as the remnant of an overturned limb of a klippe of Early Jurassic dolomitic limestone thrust into position during the Betic-Rif Orogeny), published by Bailey in 1953. A report to accompany Alexander's map was never completed, but documents constituting the most complete record known of his Gibraltar work are now preserved within the archives of the British Geological Survey. Reserve army officers later compiled a geological map of Gibraltar (at 1:10,000) published by the Royal Engineers in 1991. Thereafter, as garrison strength became greatly reduced, work under military auspices was increasingly superseded by civilian research.
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Peñalvo-López et Cárcel-Carrasco. « An Analysis about Learning to IncreaseWomen’s Participation and Employment in Europe’s Energy Transition : Evidence from the European Project MEnS ». Sustainability 11, no 16 (11 août 2019) : 4345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164345.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Energy Performance Building Directive (EPBD) introduced the requirement for all Member States to include the concept of Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs) in their national plans. However, this challenge requires upgrading professional skills in NZEB concepts and strategies, thus guaranteeing the maximum impact on NZEB deployment around Europe.This is the objective of MEnS (“Meeting Energy Professional Skills”), an H2020 project focused on providing high quality upskilling and education to architects, engineers, and building professionals. The role of women in the NZEB industry indicates that female participation in the building industry is still low.The need to rebalance this gender gap is highlighted in this work through the identification of female programs and schemes.In addition, the results of women’s participation in the MEnS project is analyzed. The MEns project created and implemented a new education program, training 1200 building managers (engineers and architects) in the designand construction of NZEBs, out of which 46% were women. Focusing on the Spanish case, 18 interviews were randomly conducted with women participants in order to assess the courses and their expectations of employment in the NZEB framework. The method used for the analysis was a semi-structured interview and analysis by the grounded theory. This article describes the participation of women in this educational program and analyses initial conclusions and lessons learnt from this initiative in 10 European countries,including Spain.
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García-Fayos, B., J. M. Arnal, M. Sancho et B. Ruvira. « Process safety training for chemical engineers in Spain : Overview and the example of the polytechnic university of Valencia ». Education for Chemical Engineers 33 (octobre 2020) : 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ece.2020.08.001.
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Sevilla-Pavón, Ana, Belén Serra-Cámara et Ana Gimeno-Sanz. « The Use of Digital Storytelling for ESP in a Technical English Course for Aerospace Engineers ». EuroCALL Review 20, no 2 (29 septembre 2012) : 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/eurocall.2012.11379.
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<p>Digital Storytelling is a powerful pedagogical tool for both students and educators, which started to be used for teaching and learning purposes a few years ago, becoming more and more popular over time. The use of digital storytelling in non-specific language learning contexts has been widely explored, as shown in the literature. However, its use in technical-scientific contexts of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has not been so widely studied. This paper explores a project of digital storytelling for ESP carried out at the Universitat Politècnica de València, in Spain. The methodology was divided into several stages: completing a pre- and a post-survey, learning about digital storytelling by doing a WebQuest, making decisions about their digital stories (topic, plot, software and media), sharing their stories with their classmates through the PoliformaT LMS, watching their classmates' digital stories, using the forum to write their comments about their digital stories and their classmates', keeping a log and preparing and presenting their “making of” in front of the class, and assessing both their peers’ digital stories and their oral presentations. The overall results were very positive, as students were highly satisfied with their progress in learning and developing different skills, these being mainly linguistic, research, writing, organisation, digital, presentation, interpersonal, problem-solving and critical-thinking skills.</p>
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García Hurtado, Manuel Reyes. « An analysis of the backbone of the coastal defenses of the Maritime Department of Northern Spain in the eighteenth century. Illusory impregnability ». Investigaciones Históricas. Época Moderna y Contemporánea, no 41 (1 décembre 2021) : 551–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24197/ihemc.41.2021.551-588.
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The election of Ferrol as the headquarters of the Maritime Department of Northern Spain in 1726 converted this small fishing village in Galicia into mainland Spain’s principal arsenal and shipyard. In order to guarantee its protection, a permanent concern for the Crown, engineers and seamen performed surveys and studies of the Galician coast with a view to establishing a system of coastal defenses. This was then followed by the construction of castles and batteries, in addition to watchtowers from which to monitor the coast and keep Ferrol informed of any developments by means of beacons. In the following pages, this system will be examined in order to determine its quality, efficiency, and state of repair during the eighteenth century, thus revealing the huge disparity between theory and practice. For, as with the rest of the Galician coast, Ferrol was continuously at the mercy of Spain’s enemies throughout the century.
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Marshall, Dale E. « Mechanical Harvesting of Peppers ». HortScience 30, no 4 (juillet 1995) : 754B—754. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.754b.
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For nearly 30 years, more than 75 different groups: producers, entrepreneurs, engineers, processors, consultants, state or federal researchers, or manufacturers have constructed over 195 harvesters attempting to mechanize the harvest of Capsicum peppers. Countries testing experimental harvesters include: Bulgaria, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Spain, the United States, and the former Soviet Union. Over 25 principles have been tested. In 1980, there were 10 different university, state, or federal research agencies experimenting with pepper harvest mechanization. However, in 1990, there were no active mechanization projects. At least 13 patents have been identified that have been issued on pepper harvesters and 65 patents on harvesting elements or principles for other crops that have been tested or might be used to harvest peppers. Interest in mechanization has resumed in the United States and a number of commercial harvesters are available. Harvester usage is expected to increase significantly by the year 2000.
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Pereira, Hugo S., et Bruno J. Navarro. « The implementation and development of narrow-gauge railways in Portugal as a case of knowledge transfer (c. 1850–c. 1910) ». Journal of Transport History 39, no 3 (8 août 2018) : 355–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022526618791726.
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When Portugal began building railways in its mainland territory in the 1850s, the main goal was to connect its harbours (mainly Lisbon) to the border with Spain (and beyond to Central Europe). This strategy left out of the network vast areas of the nation, some of which were perceived as very rugged, poor, and with low economic potential, where the construction of a railway was not cost effective. The same quandaries existed in the colonies, where investment in public works started in the 1870s. To bring railroads to these regions, it was necessary to find a low-cost technical solution. That solution was narrow-gauge railroads. In this paper, we analyse how this technology was transferred from Central Europe to Portugal and its colonies via a travel circuit of learning by Portuguese engineers and how it was developed through a mixture of Portuguese and foreign expertise.
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Romero de Pablos, Ana. « Atomic Routes and Cultures for a New Narrative on Franco’s Regime ». Culture & ; History Digital Journal 10, no 1 (29 avril 2021) : e005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2021.005.
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A decision by two Spanish companies to start producing nuclear-based electrical energy was the beginning of a journey that led two Spanish engineers to the United States and Canada in 1957. They wanted to learn about the reactor technology that North American companies were developing, contact specialized consultants to explore possible consultancy services, and search out political, economic, and financial support to make their project viable. The trip’s travel log suggests that the route they set off on was decisive in convincing the dictatorship’s political, industrial, and economic powers of the importance of nuclear energy; this journey had a direct influence on subsequent construction of Spanish nuclear facilities and on the policies designed to manage it. In this article I suggest exploring this journey and its record to reflect on how nuclear energy participated in building a new narrative on the Franco regime, one that showed Spain as a modern, internationally-connected State capable of incorporating the latest atomic technologies.
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Gerassis, Saki, Eduardo Giráldez, María Pazo-Rodríguez, Ángeles Saavedra et Javier Taboada. « AI Approaches to Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) in the Mining and Metals Sector Using AutoML and Bayesian Modeling ». Applied Sciences 11, no 17 (27 août 2021) : 7914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11177914.
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Mining engineers and environmental experts around the world still identify and evaluate environmental risks associated with mining activities using field-based, basic qualitative methods The main objective is to introduce an innovative AI-based approach for the construction of environmental impact assessment (EIA) indexes that statistically reflects and takes into account the relationships between the different environmental factors, finding relevant patterns in the data and minimizing the influence of human bias. For that, an AutoML process developed with Bayesian networks is applied to the construction of an interactive EIA index tool capable of assessing dynamically the potential environmental impacts of a slate mine in Galicia (Spain) surrounded by the Natura 2000 Network. The results obtained show the moderate environmental impact of the whole exploitation; however, the strong need to protect the environmental factors related to surface and subsurface runoff, species or soil degradation was identified, for which the information theory results point to a weight between 6 and 12 times greater than not influential variables.
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GUERRERO RUIZ, JUAN CARLOS, et JOSE MARIA MARTIN CIVANTOS. « JEREZ-LANTEIRA MINING COMPANY, GRANADA. ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF THE HYDRAULIC PLANT FOR THE EXPLOITATION OF COPPER ORE IN THE 19TH CENTURY ». DYNA 96, no 5 (1 septembre 2021) : 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/9942.
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In this article we will get to know an old hydraulic plant of a mining industry, very unique, which transformed hydraulic energy into pneumatics to supply compressed air to a copper mine and its smelter. It was located in the Granada region of the Marquesado del Zenete, and built in 1889 by the colonial European mining industry. To do this, we delve into its historical origin, and analyze this original technological project that allowed a new energy transformation system. Directed and executed by a series of engineers, metallurgists, businessmen and peasants, who through their work and will were participants in the industrialization process in Spain with the development of machinery and socialized work that will change a way of life. These remains today make up an industrial heritage at risk of disappearing. Living memory of what our mining industry was with the development of engineering and its social, identity and cultural values. KEYWORDS: Water, Air, Industrial Colony, Compression, Foundry
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Chacón-Ledesma, Lucía, María-Araceli Calvo-Serrano, Francisco de Paula Montes-Tubío, Francisco-Javier Mesas-Carrascosa et Paula Triviño-Tarradas. « Graphic Engineering in the Sustainable Preservation of the Municipal Heritage of Montilla (Cordoba, Spain) from the 18th Century : Master Builder Vicente López Cardera in Montilla ». Sustainability 14, no 13 (23 juin 2022) : 7670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137670.
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The change of territorial organisation in the 18th century in Spain was strongly related to the preservation of the local heritage. Academic architects, military engineers, and master builders coexisted to carry out the design and management of municipal construction works. The evolution of the figure of the master builder and the confrontation with architects and the guilds since the creation of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando posed an inflection point in this aspect. The first aim of the present study was to highlight the figure of Vicente López Cardera, master builder in the Council and Diocese of Córdoba between the late 18th century and the early 19th century, through his work on the municipal interventions in the maintenance of the construction works and infrastructures in Montilla (Córdoba, Spain) around the year 1794. The second aim of the study was to emphasise the role of graphic engineering in the conservation of municipal heritage in the Modern Age through the study of drawings and plans provided by him in the analysed documentation. His thinking in the approach to these works fits with the ideas of social hygienic improvements that began with the Enlightenment as well as with the concept of sustainable development in culture; hence, his work is relevant in the sustainable development planning of cities in the present. With this study, missing heritage elements are also revealed, opening future lines of research that lead to their virtual reconstruction and the promotion of tourism in rural areas.
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Vilches Casals, Marcel, Vladimir Rodríguez Trujillo et Carles Labèrnia Badia. « Timber Structure Repair of an Emblematic Catalan Industrial Building with Wood Grafts and Epoxy Resins ». Advanced Materials Research 778 (septembre 2013) : 998–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.778.998.
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The development of epoxy resins has provided new methods of reparation of timber structural elements. This material is moldable and applicable in situ, can be used in the majority of wood species and for its fluency can be introduced for any hollow, fissure or pore, joining the healthy material provided with the structural element existent [. These methods allow to recover the load capacity of deteriorated timber structures with sufficient security, working jointly the resin and timber [. The most used reinforcements are metallic elements and fibreglass with epoxy resins. The reinforcements of timber elements, which employ timber as resistant material, are less usual [, but these have been employed for repairing the damaged timber elements of the building case of study, called Cal Trepat in Tàrrega (Spain). The repairing technique employed in the structural elements was through wood graftings and epoxy resins, in which were improved the load capacity of the timber structures repaired, with a very low visual impact, showing that is a good solution and promoting this reparation between architects and engineers.
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Ramirez, M., A. Pastor, E. Diaz, D. Piñero et M. Batista. « Occupational health and safety start at school of engineering ». IOP Conference Series : Materials Science and Engineering 1193, no 1 (1 octobre 2021) : 012123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1193/1/012123.
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Abstract The occupational risk prevention has been the subject of study for many years, but it could be said that in Spain, it is from the promulgation of laws in this regard when it becomes more important in view of the need to reduce the accident rate in all professions. Focusing on the engineering profession, the need arises to know if in their training stages, this matter is contemplated by developing a preventive culture in the person that helps to become familiar with and minimize risks. That is why this study aims to find out how this subject is dealt with in Spanish universities. To this end, it proposes the study through the Spanish universities best positioned in international rankings such as the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) and Quacquarelli Symonds, known as QS World University Ranking. The results of the study show that Spanish universities are not very well disposed towards this subject, thus depriving future engineers of the acquisition of competencies related to risk prevention.
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Ramírez-Guerrero, Gema, Javier García-Onetti, Juan Adolfo Chica-Ruiz et Manuel Arcila-Garrido. « Concrete as Heritage : The Social Perception from Heritage Criteria Perspective. The Eduardo Torroja’s Work ». International Journal of Design & ; Nature and Ecodynamics 15, no 6 (26 décembre 2020) : 785–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.150603.
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Eduardo Torroja Miret (1899-1961) was one of the most important Spanish engineers. His understanding of structures and materials made him a world reference in the field of engineering and architecture. Due to the lack of ornamentation in his works and the lack of heritage interpretation aimed at a non-specialist public, many of his works sometimes go unnoticed by inexperienced eyes and, despite his important legacy, Torroja remains a great unknown. This paper reports on the existing heritage perception of two of his most outstanding works in Spain, the Zarzuela Hippodrome and the Instituto Técnico de la Construcción y el Cemento (Eduardo Torroja Institute). To this end, surveys and interviews were carried out with visitors to both buildings based on different heritage criteria, such as their architectural importance, aesthetics, significance or representativeness, but also from the point of view of the available tourist infrastructure. The results show a lack of appreciation in the heritage criteria related to its architectural, historical and aesthetic values, combined with a lack of knowledge about Torroja and its way of understanding architectural beauty.
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Lázaro, Carlos. « Mamoru Kawaguchi : Master of motion and lightness of structures ». International Journal of Space Structures 35, no 1-2 (mars 2020) : 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956059920931316.
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Mamoru Kawaguchi (1932–2019) was one of the great structural engineers of the late 20th century. He developed his career mostly in Japan and he has also superb works in China, Singapore and Spain. The spectrum of his structures is manifold: he designed shells, space frames, inflatable structures, tension structures, timber–steel hybrid systems and so on. With them, he conceived and provided the bones and muscles of sports halls, exhibition halls, museums, railway stations, towers, bridges and sculptures. Kawaguchi collaborated with some of the best architects of his time: Kenzo Tange, Arata Isozaki and Kazuyo Sejima just to cite some of the internationally most renowned. For his works, he was awarded many times in Japan, as well as internationally (the Architectural Institute of Japan award, the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures Torroja Medal, the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering International Award and many others). In this article, I review Mamoru Kawaguchi’s main professional and academic achievements, and discuss his design philosophy, sources of inspiration and means to develop his ideas from my own personal experience.
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Benn, Chris. « The La Palma Data Archive ». International Astronomical Union Colloquium 110 (1989) : 139–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100003213.
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The Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos is perched atop a volcanic caldera on the island of La Palma in the Canary Islands, 400 km off the coast of North Africa. Three of the telescopes at the observatory are products of a collaboration between the UK, the Netherlands, Spain and the Republic of Ireland. They are the 1.0-m Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope, the 2.5-m Isaac Newton Telescope and the 4.2-m William Herschel Telescope (which saw first light in July 1987)1. The telescopes are computer controlled (running under ADAM software), and the observations are recorded primarily in electronic form. Recognising the success of astronomical-satellite data archives, such as that generated by the International Ultraviolet Explorer, a La Palma Data Archive has been established at the Royal Greenwich Observatory. The archive will be used by astronomers wishing to exploit data obtained by other observers, by engineers interested in the performance of telescope and instruments under varying conditions, and for monitoring the way in which the telescope is used.
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Revilla-Cuesta, Víctor, Marta Skaf, Javier Manso-Morato, José T. San-José et Vanesa Ortega-López. « Educating Future Agricultural Engineers at the University of Burgos, Spain, through a Service-Learning Project on Rural Depopulation and Its Social Consequences ». Education Sciences 13, no 3 (2 mars 2023) : 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci13030267.
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A Service-Learning Project (S-LP) is a teaching experience through which the concepts covered during an educational course can practically be applied to address a given social problem. It is therefore a useful teaching methodology to bring courses closer to the real world. An S-LP experience is reported in this paper that was conducted with students of agricultural engineering to address the problem of rural depopulation, through the design of agri-food buildings for industries, and economic activities that help to maintain a stable population. After the S-LP, a survey was administered to both students and teachers, to assess the success of this teaching experience. The responses of the students showed not only an awareness of the social problem that was addressed, but also a critical spirit that led them to seek the best possible answer, and a global vision of the issue. It helped them to reflect on all of its facets to arrive at a way of engaging with the social problem. Importantly, the students were able to reflect upon how engineers can also serve society through their technical knowledge. The teachers indicated that the S-LP motivated the students on the course, while enabling them to successfully learn the concepts, and to develop independent study skills searching for information. In general, an S-LP is an experience that the teachers in this study would recommend and that could be especially relevant for universities assuming a role as a social entity to heighten the visibility of social problems and needs.
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Montiel, Isabel, Asunción M. Mayoral, José Navarro Pedreño, Silvia Maiques et Gema Marco Dos Santos. « Linking Sustainable Development Goals with Thermal Comfort and Lighting Conditions in Educational Environments ». Education Sciences 10, no 3 (9 mars 2020) : 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci10030065.
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The present paper deals with a wide range of issues related to the environmental quality in learning spaces, such as thermal and visual comfort, as well as energy efficiency. All of these issues fall under the umbrella of the UN Agenda 2030 and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Upon reviewing publications of past studies, interviews were conducted and questionnaires were distributed in public high schools in the province of Alicante, located in the Southeast of Spain. Sixteen high schools were selected for the interviews. Fifteen in the city of Elche, which is the total amount of the high schools in the city. One additional high school that was considered important for this research was included in the study due to the characteristics of the building design, excessively exposed to weather conditions. Significant differences were observed between schools built before 2000 and those built after that date. The latter, surprisingly, not more thermally and visually comfortable or energy efficient. The knowledge gained from our investigation will be of great benefit for architects, designers, engineers, school planners and principals in order to establish stronger connections between infrastructures and SDGs. A chart linking recommendations with specific SDGs is also included in this study.
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Beckman, Ericka. « An Oil Well Named Macondo : Latin American Literature in the Time of Global Capital ». PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 127, no 1 (janvier 2012) : 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2012.127.1.145.
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For three months in the spring and summer of 2010, almost five million gallons of crude oil gushed uncontrollably from a broken BP well into the Gulf of Mexico, in what is thus far the worst petroleum spill in history. At the moment the spill occurred, the world was still reeling from the largest international financial disaster the world has yet known, one that reverberated from Iceland to the United States to the outer edges of the European Union in Greece and Spain. If the financial crisis was characterized by the sudden disappearance of intangible and invisible financial value, the horrific spectacle of oil-drenched seascapes, birds, fish, and coastlines resulting from the BP spill was a tangible reminder that capitalism had still not been able to emancipate itself from its material body. Even more troubling was the fact that the first several attempts by the multi-billion-dollar company to stanch the broken well were stunning failures: daily news broadcasts brought into public consciousness terms like top kill and kill mud, as hydraulic engineers armed with golf balls and sundry varieties of foam tried to kill the sea monster created by BP.
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Llorens-Escrich, Susana, Elena Tamarit, Sebastián Hernandis, Noela Sánchez-Carnero, Miguel Rodilla, Isabel Pérez-Arjona, Marek Moszynski, Vicente Puig-Pons, José Tena-Medialdea et Víctor Espinosa. « Vertical Configuration of a Side Scan Sonar for the Monitoring of Posidonia oceanica Meadows ». Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no 12 (26 novembre 2021) : 1332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9121332.
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Posidonia oceanica meadows are ecosystem engineers that play several roles in marine environment maintenance. In this sense, monitoring of the spatial distribution and health status of their meadows is key to make decisions about protecting them against their degradation. With the aim of checking the ability of a simple low-cost acoustic method to acquire information about the state of P. oceanica meadows as ecosystem indicators, ground-truthing and acoustic data were acquired over several of these meadows on the Levantine coast of Spain. A 200 kHz side scan sonar in a vertical configuration was used to automatically estimate shoot density, canopy height and cover of the meadows. The wide athwartship angle of the transducer together with its low cost and user friendliness entail the main advantages of this system and configuration: both improved beam path and detection invariance against boat rolling. The results show that canopy height can be measured acoustically. Furthermore, the accumulated intensity of the echoes from P. oceanica in the first 30 centimeters above the bottom is indirectly related to shoot density and cover, showing a relation that should be studied deeply.
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Lyapichev, Yury P. « Methods of analysis and risk assessment of accidents of hydraulic structures ». Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings 15, no 4 (15 décembre 2019) : 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/1815-5235-2019-15-4-327-336.
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Relevance of the research is due to the fact that over the past 10 years severe accidents at large hydropower plants and dams occurred in Russia (SayanoShushenskaya HPP, 2009), USA (Oroville dam, 2018), Brazil (Brumadinho dike, 2019), Colombia (HPP Ituango, 2018) and other countries, the need has arisen to improve the safety programs of the HS and dams. The main method of this important work is to use methods of analysis and assessment of risk accidents of HS and dams. Methods of this important work are to develop modern methodology for analyzing and assessing the risk of accidents of HS and dams. The introduction of the method of analysis and risk assessment in the safety programs of hydraulic structures (dams) in countries that are advanced in the construction of HS (China, Brazil, Canada, USA, Russia, Colombia, Norway, Spain, etc.) shows that in applying risk assessment analysis accidents of HS and dams still a number of difficulties, but this approach is of great benefit in monitoring the safety of HS and dams. The aim of this article is to familiarize and train specialists and hydraulic engineers with modern methods for assessing the safety of HS and dams.
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Houghton, Tony, Adrian Oldknow, José Manuel Diego-Mantecón, Kristof Fenyvesi, Elizabeth Crilly et Zsolt Lavicza. « KIKS Creativity and Technology for All ». Open Education Studies 1, no 1 (2 décembre 2019) : 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/edu-2019-0014.
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AbstractTo help meet an educational and societal requirement for all students to enjoy, have confidence and ability in creativity and technology, the “Kids Inspiring Kids in STEAM” (KIKS) EU project adopted an intensive Hothousing process challenging students in Finland, Spain, Hungary and the United Kingdom to engage in collaborative problem solving to develop solutions to: “How would you get your schoolmates to LOVE STEAM?” The project provided a process and technology toolkit for students, including those with special educational needs, to achieve their solutions.A completion rate of 90% suggested that all schools and students could cope with and enjoy the process and associated technology toolkit, which featured social media plus Micro:bit, Tracker and GeoGebra for data collection and modelling.We have extended the toolkit with simulation software and a graphical programming environment to produce realistic animations of objects in motion. Thus students will have a creativity and technology toolkit to experience the kinds of techniques and skills used by software engineers in the video, games and special effects industries. The toolkit will be on the GeoGebra platform which, in addition to mathematics, embraces STEAM and social media.
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Mascort-Albea, Canivell, Jaramillo-Morilla, Romero-Hernández, Ruiz-Jaramillo et Soriano-Cuesta. « Action protocols for seismic evaluation of structures and damage restoration of residential buildings in Andalusia (Spain) : “IT-Sismo” APP ». Buildings 9, no 5 (29 avril 2019) : 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9050104.
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The seismotectonic conditions of the Iberian Peninsula trigger the occurrence of earthquakes with an occasional periodicity, but with intensities greater than VI on the European macroseismic scale (EMS). For this reason, local action protocols are required in order to efficiently organise the technical inspections that must be carried out on a massive scale after events such as the earthquakes experienced in the Spanish cities of Lorca (2011) and Melilla (2016). This paper proposes the development of a set of documents for the evaluation and diagnosis of the state of existing buildings and infrastructure regarding seismic activity in Andalusia. With special attention paid to residential typology, approximations have been carried out to the normative context, to general comparatives, to particular analyses of a case studies selection, and to complementary approaches. The results have led to the establishment of two specific protocols. Firstly, the short-term guideline enables the classification of damage and risk levels, and the determination of what immediate interventions should be carried out through the generation of a preliminary on-site report. This activity can be performed by architects and engineers with the help of a mobile-device application (APP IT-Sismo Andalucía). Additionally, a long-term protocol provides calculation procedures and constructive solutions for the improvement of the seismic behaviour of affected buildings. Specially designed tests demonstrate the validity of the protocols and illustrate the need for information and communication technologies (ICT) tools in the evaluation of architectonic technical aspects.
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Olmedo Montoya, Jorge, Olimpia Niglio et Karol Brigith Romero. « Evaluation of the Structural Stability of an Octagonal Dome with Meridional Cracks. Case Study : Temple of Santa Lucia, Ambalema, Colombia ». VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability 2, no 2 (21 décembre 2017) : 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2017.8629.
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This work performed a comparative analysis between the construction process carried out when building the dome at the Temple of Santa Lucía, in Ambalema-Colombia and the typical process of an octagonal dome. Additionally, the structural stability is assessed of the dome of the case study against service and dynamic loads. To compare with the case study, known domes were taken as examples from structures in Italy and Spain. The analysis includes a study on the dome’s geometry and the constructive errors found. Methodology: The dome’s stability was evaluated through structural analysis software for which the dome was simplified into a system of four articulated arches. Conclusions: As a result, it was found that the dome of the temple of Santa Lucía does not have a system to counteract lateral thrusts (a drum or its similar), which permitted the appearance and widening of meridional cracks. These cracks propagate from the base to the crown, but do not compromise the structure’s stability for service loads. The analysis for seismic loads indicates that the dome is at risk of collapse upon seismic events, even of moderate magnitudes. Originality: The study is aimed at architects and engineers interested in the theme of restoration of historical structures.
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Guillomía, Miguel A., José Ignacio Artigas et Jorge L. Falcó. « Cognitive Accessibility and Support in Special Education ». Sensors 21, no 14 (16 juillet 2021) : 4871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144871.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This work describes an assistive technology development for cognitive support and training to be used by children of special education schools in Spain. Design is based on and guided by cognitive support findings coming from a long-term collaboration of a team of engineers (University of Zaragoza) and special education teachers (Alborada Special Education School, Zaragoza). The description starts by providing a structure of such findings in five cognitive-social areas (interface usability, virtual representations understanding, time orientation, self-awareness, and social interaction). Design requirements are extracted by applying those findings to four support services (home control, time orientation, behavior contention, and context anticipation). Technological system description follows, together with the degree of implementation and testing for each service. A major result is the benefit of using a services interface with the same structure and appearance as the alternative and augmentative communication system that children are already acquainted with. Based on regulatory conditions, the needed flexibility, and reduced available budgets, this support platform is built on mainstream technology and low-cost single-board computers with standard databases and free software packages. Results show evidence of benefit in children’s cognitive and social performance, in addition to offering a technological tool for deeper educational research.
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Sample, Matthew, Sebastian Sattler, Stefanie Blain-Moraes, David Rodríguez-Arias et Eric Racine. « Do Publics Share Experts’ Concerns about Brain–Computer Interfaces ? A Trinational Survey on the Ethics of Neural Technology ». Science, Technology, & ; Human Values 45, no 6 (9 octobre 2019) : 1242–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162243919879220.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Since the 1960s, scientists, engineers, and healthcare professionals have developed brain–computer interface (BCI) technologies, connecting the user’s brain activity to communication or motor devices. This new technology has also captured the imagination of publics, industry, and ethicists. Academic ethics has highlighted the ethical challenges of BCIs, although these conclusions often rely on speculative or conceptual methods rather than empirical evidence or public engagement. From a social science or empirical ethics perspective, this tendency could be considered problematic and even technocratic because of its disconnect from publics. In response, our trinational survey (Germany, Canada, and Spain) reports public attitudes toward BCIs ( N = 1,403) on ethical issues that were carefully derived from academic ethics literature. The results show moderately high levels of concern toward agent-related issues (e.g., changing the user’s self) and consequence-related issues (e.g., new forms of hacking). Both facets of concern were higher among respondents who reported as female or as religious, while education, age, own and peer disability, and country of residence were associated with either agent-related or consequence-related concerns. These findings provide a first look at BCI attitudes across three national contexts, suggesting that the language and content of academic BCI ethics may resonate with some publics and their values.