Thèses : « Engineering – Sweden »

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Cacija, Goran, et Christofer Lindberg. « Angels of Sweden ». Thesis, Halmstad University, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design (MTEK), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-4651.

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Arbetet inleddes med ett möte med Evonova där projektet diskuterades. Företagets inledandetankegångar och idéer kring produkten framgick och arbetet påbörjades.Under arbetets gång följdes Fredy Olssons anvisningar i hur en teknisk rapport ska se ut. Alltinleddes med en brainstorm och kundundersökning. Kundundersökningens resultat mynnadeut i en kravprofil, till denna tillkom även Evonovas krav och önskningar. Kravprofilenanvändes när vi sållade ut lösningar från brainstormen.Vidare använde vi oss av idéerna vi fått fram och arbetade fram CATIA-modeller på möjligaförslag. Dessa mättes, gjordes om samt blev utvärderade av företaget. Enbart två modeller,hjärtat och droppen, ansågs tillräckligt tilltalande av uppdragsgivaren.Den slutgiltiga lösningen gjordes det en prototyp av som togs till företaget och UTEXPO.

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Pérez, Martín Beatriz. « Nursery in Halmstad (Sweden) ». Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-14674.

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A construction project including planning, cost estimation and design of a ”Nursery school” on a property in the city of Halmstad.
Ett byggnadsprojekt med planering, kostnadsberäkning och projektering av en ”Nursery school” på en fastighet i Halmstad.

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Rydin, Wiktoria, et Isabelle Andersson. « Logistic solutions Slovakia - Sweden ». Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Maskinteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-41216.

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This report is a bachelor thesis project conducted by Isabelle Andersson and Wiktoria Rydin as a part of the education Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Economy and Production Management, at the School of Engineering, Jönköping University. The project is a collaboration with Hörle Wire Group AB, a company that produces round and flat-rolled wire of high-quality and they belong to one of Europe's leading suppliers of wire. The purpose of the bachelor theses was to review Hörle Wire's transport solutions from their facility in Nitra, Slovakia, to their two main customers in Sweden. Hörle Wire has a problem with gaining profitability regarding these transports. The cost of transporting the goods from Nitra to the customers is so high that the profit margin becomes very low. The problem was studied through qualitative and quantitative data collection in the form of interviews with staff at Hörle Wire and with their customers. The resulted in a clear picture of the emerging problem, and with the theories and facts studied in the field, proposals could be processed. Based on this, some suggestions for improvements were made that Hörle Wire could apply in its efforts to affect the transport. Some different proposals have been made, for example completely changing the means of transport, changing the appearance of today's transportation and to establish a warehouse.

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Larsen, Joakim, et Tobias Tunestam. « Dimensioning of a Residential Microgrid in Sweden ». Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210742.

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This project aims to evaluate through simulationsin Simulink whether an average power consuming, 4-person household in Sweden, can be successfully supplied from a microgrid system powered by solar panels. The goal is to achievea 48 V DC system and examine both its voltage stability and long term power balance for stationary and transient conditions. The simulations are based on weather data such as temperature and solar irradiation as well as an estimated consumption pattern fort he household. Loads and sources in the system are identified as well as possible algorithms for communication between nodes. Two scenarios are tested, a stand alone grid with optional energy storage and a system connected to the main grid. The results indicate that a Swedish household can not be supplied from a stand alone microgrid due to low irradiation values, without an unreasonably large energy storage or change in consumption. Although a continuous power supply is missing, voltage stability and power balance is established for this scenario. With connection to the main grid all requirements above are met. The observed limitations of the methodology are analyzed. For future projects a communication algorithm for load variation, synchronized with irradiation inputs, can be implemented in the model. Also, simulations can be done for alternative geographical conditions to yield different results where alternative renewablesources, such as wind and geothermal, can be included.

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Huang, Wenting. « IPR Barriers in Collaboration between University and Engineering Industry in Sweden ». Thesis, KTH, Samhällsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-48720.

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This thesis examines the barriers, especially intellectual property rights concerned that inhibit industry academia collaboration. By analyzing Swedish firms in the engineering industry, I explore the influence of IPR barrier on firms’ benefits, short- and long-term respectively from university-industry interaction. Three hypotheses are suggested to investigate the relationship between IPR barriers, firm categories, short-term benefits and long-term benefits. The results illustrate different firms’ reactions to IPR barriers. According to the analysis, advanced firms are more likely to report IPR barriers. Moreover, they tend to benefit more in the long run. However, the short-term benefits from UI collaboration seem to have no significant relationship with IPR barriers. There is hence no proof in the data that IPR barriers are a significant hinder for firms to benefit from university-industry interaction.

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Abdallah, Ali. « The perception of Nuclear powerin Sweden : How engineering students view it ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-335139.

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Nuclear power has been an important part of the electricity generatingin Sweden in almost half a century. However, the use of nuclear powerraises many complex issues such as economy, accident risks, andradioactive waste management and storage. Nuclear power has thereforebeen debated intensively in Sweden as in many other countries since the1970s. Several countries have changed their nuclear policy and starteddecommissioning programs following the nuclear accident in Fukushimaback in 2011. Citizens' support for nuclear power has declined worldwidein last few years, including in Sweden. This study aims to investigatethe perception of nuclear power among engineering students and showsthat the majority of engineering students, who generally are positivetowards technology, have been affected by their surrounding and areagainst nuclear power. Engineering students in general, both supportersand opponents of nuclear power, agree that Sweden should gradually phaseout nuclear power and replace it by renewable energy sources.

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Lopez, Lopez Mikel. « FINAL PROJECT-Public Library, Halmstad, Sweden 2011 ». Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-15531.

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Molavi, Sam, et William Bydén. « Solar Prosumer Business Models in Sweden ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232569.

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In this research, four of the most common business models for Swedish photovoltaic (PV) prosumers were analyzed through a business case study. The costs and revenues related to adopting these prosumer business models for a household were examined and their economic viability was measured using the Net Present Value- and Payback method. The markets of PV and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) in Sweden were researched in order to provide an overview of the potential for future prosumers in Sweden. Relevant actors and business models have been described and analyzed. Furthermore, Sweden’s energy structure as a whole and its potential transformation to a more decentralized and prosumer friendly system has been discussed. The business case study results show that the most economically beneficial business model for prosumers today in Sweden is through a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA). The business model where the prosumer owns a PV system proved to be the second best option which also was calculated to be economically beneficial. Leasing a PV system or owning a combined PV- and BESS were proven to not be economically beneficial.
I den här rapporten har fyra av de vanligaste affärsmodellerna för Svenska solcells-prosumers analyserats genom en business case study. Kostnaderna och intäkterna kopplade till att uppta dessa affärsmodeller för ett hushåll har undersökts och deras ekonomiska duglighet har mätts med nuvärdesmetoden och återbetalningsmetoden. Marknaderna för solceller och energilagringssystem av batterier i Sverige har undersökts för att ge en översikt av möjligheterna för framtida prosumers i Sverige. Relevanta aktörer och affärsmodeller har beskrivits och analyserats. Vidare har Sveriges energistruktur och dess potentiella övergång till ett mer decentraliserat och prosumervänligt system diskuterats. Resultaten från vår business case study visar att den mest ekonomiskt lönsamma affärsmodellen för prosumers idag i Sverige är genom ett energiköpeavtal. Affärsmodellen att ha ett egenägt solcellssystem var det näst bästa alternativet och visade sig också vara ekonomiskt lönsamt. Att hyra ett solcellssystem eller att äga ett solcellsystem i kombination med ett energilagringssystem av batterier visade sig vara olönsamma ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv.

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Rydhagen, Birgitta. « Feminist Sanitary Engineering as a Participatory Alternative in South Africa and Sweden ». Doctoral thesis, Karlskrona : Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2002. http://www.bth.se/fou/forskinfo.nsf/allfirst2/0ecaa05e81bfec0ec1256fbd0057a98b?OpenDocument.

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Holm, Jenny. « Transnational career agents : A comparative study on international engineering students in Sweden ». Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-181005.

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The mobility of students has increased dramatically in the past decades which primarily is a consequence of globalization (Ninnes & Hellstén, 2005). Many higher education institutions (HEIs) around the world have responded to the global educational trend by actively recruiting students from abroad, with the incentive of maintaining a competitive position on the global, knowledge-based market (Knight, 2004). Simultaneously, an increasing number of students have responded to the expanded opportunities which have become available, aspiring to secure the best education to facilitate their path into a well-remunerated career (Waters & Brooks, 2011). By employing a qualitative research approach, this study explores how international degree-seeking students undertaking engineering studies in Swedish HE, take on their career development within a global framework. The findings are compared and analyzed in order to provide further insights into the career trajectories of engineering students from different countries. The findings suggest that the participants in the study have employed a large degree of agency and independence in advancing their career development further. Moreover, it has also been indicated that they, as global professionals, uphold a flexible stance towards future career opportunities, regardless of where in the world these would be located. Considering the increasing numbers of international students that occupy Swedish HEIs, the study concludes that further attention needs to be paid to gain further insights into the realities of this student population, both to increase our understanding of how they respond to the forces of globalization and to safeguard that career services address the real career needs of this population.

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Brodén, Daniel A. « Modeling and Simulations of Demand Response in Sweden ». Licentiate thesis, KTH, Elkraftteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215627.

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Electric power systems are undergoing a paradigm shift where an increasing number of variable renewable energy resources such as wind and solar power are being introduced to all levels of existing power grids. At the same time consumers are gaining a more active role where self energy production and home automation solutions are no longer uncommon. This challenges traditional power systems which were designed to serve as a centralized top-down solution for providing electricity to consumers. Demand response has risen as a promising solution to cope with some of the challenges that this shift is creating. In this thesis, control and scheduling studies using demand response, and consumer load models adapted to environments similar to Sweden are proposed and evaluated. The studies use model predictive control approaches for the purpose of providing ancillary and financial services to electricity market actors using thermal flexibility from detached houses. The approaches are evaluated on use-cases using data from Sweden for the purpose of reducing power imbalances of a balance responsible player and congestion management for a system operator. Simulations show promising results for reducing power imbalances by up to 30% and managing daily congestion of 5-19 MW using demand response. Moreover, a consumer load model of an office building is proposed using a gray-box modeling approach combining physical understanding of buildings with empirical data. Furthermore, the proposed consumer load model along with a similar model for detached houses are packaged and made freely available as MATLAB applications for other researchers and stakeholders working with demand response. The applications allow the user to generate synthetic electricity load profiles for heterogeneous populations of detached houses and office buildings down to 1-min resolution. The aim of this thesis has been to summarize and discuss the main highlights of the included articles. The interested reader is encouraged to investigate further details in the second part of the thesis as they provide a more comprehensive account of the studies and models proposed.

QC 20171011

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Habte, Yonathan, et David Hector. « Business model for Black Pellets production in Sweden ». Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-226881.

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Torrefaction is a technology for increasing the energy density of biomass by heating wood to 200-350 °C in a no-oxygen environment. The technology has been expected to enter the market for several years, but little has happened although studies have been carried out. In this study, a business model is created for a production unit of black pellets in Sweden. This was done by a SWOT analysis and a Business Model Canvas, as well as a comprehensive literature review. In parts of the literature analysis, focus was put on market prices, legal requirements and sustainability.The result of this study is a possible business model for a black pellet production company, including both opportunities and risks. The results show that the technology is mature, and that the main issues are of economic nature. Finding investments and customers for the product are the two main challenges for any interested in starting a production. The study concludes that a production of black pellets in Sweden is possible.
Torrefiering är en teknik för att öka energidensiteten genom att upphetta trä till 200 - 350 grader Celsius i en anaerob miljö. Tekniken har inte lyckats slå igenom kommersiellt och man har sett få framsteg på området de senaste åren trots att ett flertal studier har genomförts. En affärsmodell för svarta pellets i Sverige har därför gjorts genom en SWOT-analys och en Business Model Canvas. Dessutom har en omfattande litteraturstudie gjorts, delvis med fokus på marknadspriser, juridiska aspekter samt hållbarhet.Resultatet är en affärsmodell för svarta pellets, med identifierade möjligheter och risker. Studien visar att teknologin för torrefiering är mogen, och att de främsta hindren är av ekonomisk karaktär. De största utmaningarna handlar om att finna investeringar och potentiella kunder. Slutsatsen är att det är möjligt att starta produktion av svarta pellets i Sverige.

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Amb, Joel, et Rikard McPherson. « Electrification of Heavy Transport Vehicles in Stockholm Sweden ». Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298982.

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Sweden wants to reach its climate goals and one important step towards doing so is to lower road emissions. Today heavy transport constitutes 5% of all vehicles on the road in Sweden but are contributing to 25% of all CO2 road emissions. Therefore, electrification of heavy vehicle transport could contribute a lot towards reaching Sweden’s climate goals. The transition into heavy electric vehicles will however affect many different areas within the haulage market as well as Sweden’s electrical grid. For the scope of this report Stockholm is used as an example to calculate what is required to successfully transition the existing truck fleet into a fully electrical truck fleet. The report aims to answer seven questions that will give a clear indication on the feasibility and effects of a fully electrical truck fleet in Stockholm. The questions answered are: A) Will electrical vehicles be able to last the long-range transportation routes that the haulage market currently has? B) How many charging stations would be needed to supply these vehicles with electricity? C) Where will these charging station need to be placed? D) When will the trucks be charged? E) What is the charging time for a large truck, and will this severely impact the effectiveness of the hauling market? F) How much electricity will Sweden have to produce to supply the trucks with electricity? G) Can Sweden supply this electricity in a sustainable way? The methods used in this report are based on literature studies. Contemporary information about Stockholm’s haulage market as well as trends on the heavy electrical vehicle market will be analysed to conclude how feasible this transition is. In the results it is estimated that electrical trucks can last between 76-92% of all transportation routes depending on load weight and battery size. Between 3000 and 4300 charging stations would be needed in Stockholm to supply the trucks with electricity. The most likely charging scenario is believed to be mostly overnight combined with mid-routecharging when needed. This electricity will be distributed mainly over Östermalm, Järfälla, Årstaberg as well as Huddinge. The charging times for trucks range from 55 minutes to 2 hours 15 minutes depending on battery size and the power of the charging stations used. The total electricity demand for this transition is calculated to be around 300-600 GWh each year. The major problem Sweden faces is to supply this electricity in a sustainable way as there currently is no surplus in electricity production. In conclusion, the transition into a fully electrical truck fleet in Stockholm seems feasible. The technology required to successfully manage this transition exists today but has to be implemented by both Stockholm’s län and the private companies. The interest as well as trends in this sector provide further affirmation that this transition eventually will happen.
Sverige vill nå sina klimatmål och ett viktigt steg i detta är att sänka utsläppen från fordon. Idag står tunga lastbilar för 5% av alla fordon på vägen i Sverige men bidrar till 25% av koldioxidutsläppen. Detta är varför elektrifiering av tunga lastbilar kan bidra mycket till att Sverige ska nå sina uppsatta klimatmål. Elektrifieringen kommer dock att påverka flertalet olika områden inom transportsektorn samt Sveriges elnät. I denna rapport används Stockholm som exempel för att räkna ut vad som krävs för att framgångsrikt ersätta hela den nuvarande flottan av lastbilar till sin elektriska motpart. Rapporten svarar på sju frågor som ger en bred och tydlig bild på troligheten och effekterna av full elektrifieringen för tunga lastbilar. De sju frågorna lyder: A) Kommer elektriska lastbilar klara av de långa avstånden som krävs för transporterna? B) Hur många laddstationer kommer behövas för att förse alla fordon med elektricitet? C) Var behöver laddstationerna placeras? D) När kommer lastbilarna laddas? E) Hur lång tid tar det att ladda en tung lastbil med dagens teknik? Kommer detta påverka effektiviteten av transportsektorn? F) Hur mycket elektricitet behöver Sverige producera för att tillgodose lastbilarna med el? G) Kan Sverige producera krävd mängd el på ett hållbart sätt? Rapporten är baserad på litteraturforskning. Samtida information om Stockholms transportsektor samt trender i marknader för tunga elektriska lastbilar analyseras för att ta fram hur trolig denna övergång är. I resultatet estimeras det att elektriska lastbilar har räckvidden för att täcka 76-92% av de nuvarande transport rutterna beroende på lastvikt och batterikapacitet. Mellan 3000-4300 laddstationer behöver installeras i Stockholm för att tillgodose det nya behovet. Det mest troliga scenariot tros vara mestadels ”över natten”- laddning kombinerat med ”på vägen”- laddning vid behov. Det ökade behovet i elnätet kommer framförallt behöva fördelas över Östermalm, Järfälla, Årstaberg samt Huddinge då detta är var de största åkerierna har sina huvudkvarter. Laddningstiderna varierar mellan 55 minuter och 2 timmar 15 min beroende på laddarens spänning och storleken på lastbilens batterikapacitet. Den ökade konsumtionen av elektricitet beräknas uppgå till 300 till 600 GWh totalt per år. Stockholms största utmaningar för att på ett hållbart sätt tillgodose det nya behovet av elektricitet är både kapaciteten samt de tillfälliga topparna av elefterfrågan. Idag är efterfrågan redan lika stor som den totala tillgången på elektricitet som Stockholm kan producera. När efterfrågan ökar ytterligare kommer länet behöva utöka sin elproduktion överlag men även utveckla nätet för att klara av de nya topparna i den tillfälliga elefterfrågan. Om flertalet lastbilar börjar laddas samtidigt stiger den tillfälliga efterfrågan i taket och det rörliga elpriset följer efter. Sammanfattningsvis verkar det idag möjligt att göra övergången till elektriska tunga lastbilar. Tekniken finns redan idag men måste implementeras av både Stockholms län samt de privata företagen. Intresset samt trenderna inom elektrifiering ger oss ytterligare bekräftelse att övergången kommer till slut att ske.

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Sheikh, Abdi Mohamed. « Residential electricity network tariffs in Sweden : A Survey and Commentary ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-286833.

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Network charges need to paid for running electricity distribution networks. Network charges (tariffs) can be set to depend on not just total transferred energy, but on when it is transferred or the highest average power that is transferred over some period. This to make network charges more related to the cost of running the network, and to encourage changes of load patterns to reduce network congestion. In Sweden, there is a tradition of charging the fixed cost of network tariffs according to a fuse size. Newer methods use measured consumption to charge by time of use or peak consumption. This work surveys the current tariffs for residential network customers in 141 network companies in Sweden, showing some large differences in principle and cost. It then considers how these relate to network companies actual costs and to load patterns of customers, and the suitability of fuses for the power-based component of a network tariff. Companies have differences in tariff structures and prices because of various reasons such as opting for simplicity in creations of tariffs, amount of customers being supplied, monthly or hourly metering for customers etc. Examined load patterns also show that customers have a synchronized peak consumption of 20 minutes, although the data is a small number from another country. Customer engagement needs to be the focus for successful implementation of more dynamic tariffs based on time of use and peak consumption.
Elnätspriser är avgifter som betalas för drift av eldistributionsnät. Elnätspriser (tariffer) kan debiteras så att den inte beror den totala överförda energin som används utan när denna energi används eller den högsta genomsnittliga effektkonsumptionen under en viss period. Detta för att göra elnätsavgifterna mer relaterade till kostnaden till att driva nätverket och uppmuntra förändringar av belastningsmönster för att minska nätverksbegränsningar. I Sverige finns en tradition att basera de fasta kostnaderna i nätavgifter på huvudsäkringsstorlek. Nyare metoder använder uppmätt förbrukning för att debitera efter när energin har använts eller toppförbrukning. Detta arbete kartlägger de nuvarande tarifferna för bostadsnätkunder i 141 elnätsföretag i Sverige, vilket visar några stora skillnader i principer och kostnader. Därefter övervägs hur dessa relaterar till faktiska nätverkskostnader och lastmönster hos kunder och huvudsäkringarnas lämplighet för den effektbaserade komponenten i en nätverksavgift. Företag har skillnader i tariffstrukturer och priser p.g.a. olika anledningar som t.ex. att välja enkelhet i skapande av tariffer, antal kunder som el levereras till, månads- eller timmätning för kunder etc. Granskade belastningsmönster visar också att kunder har en synkroniserad toppförbrukning på 20 minuter. Kundengagemang måste vara fokus för en framgångsrik implementering av mer dynamiska tariffer baserat på elanvändningstid och toppförbrukning.

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Prianto, Pandu Nugroho. « Equivalent Models for Hydropower Operation in Sweden ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302777.

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Hydropower systems often contain complex river systems which cause the simulations and analyses of a hydropower operation to be computationally heavy. The complex river system is referred to as something called a Detailed model. By creating a simpler model, denoted the Equivalent model, the computational issue could be circumvented. The purpose of this Equivalent model is to emulate the results of the Detailed model. This thesis computes the Equivalent model for a large hydropower system using Particle Swarm Optimisation- algorithm, then evaluates the Equivalent model performance. Simulations are performed on ten rivers in Sweden, representing four trading areas for one year, October 2017 – September 2018. Furthermore, the year is divided into Quarterly and Seasonal periods, to investigate whether the Equivalent model changes over time. The Equivalent model performance is evaluated based on the relative power difference and computational time compared to the Detailed model. The relative power difference is 4%23% between Equivalent and Detailed models, depending on the period and trading area, with the computational time can be reduced by more than 90%. Furthermore, the Equivalent model changes over time, suggesting that when the year is divided appropriately, the Equivalent model could perform better. The relative power difference results indicate that the Equivalent model performance can still be improved by dividing the periods more appropriately, other than Quarterly or Seasonal. Nevertheless, the results provide a satisfactory Equivalent model, based on the faster computation time and a reasonable relative power difference. Finally, the Equivalent model could be used as a foundation for further analyses and simulations.
Vattenkraftsystem består ofta av komplexa älvsystem som gör att simuleringar och analyser av vattenkraftens operation blir beräkningsmässigt tunga. Det komplexa älvsystem kallas en Detaljeraded modell. Genom att skapa en enklare modell, betecknas som en Ekvivalent modell, beräkningsproblemen kan kringgås. Syftet med denna Ekvivalenta modell är att emulera resultaten av den komplexa Detaljerade modellen. Detta examensarbete beräknar den Ekvivalenta modellen för ett stort vattenkraftssystem med hjälp av Particle Swarm Optimisation- algorithmen, och utvärderar modellprestandan hos Ekvivalenten. Simuleringar utförs på tio älvar i Sverige, som representerar fyra handelsområden under ett år, från oktober 2017 september 2018. Dessutom är året uppdelat i kvartals- och säsongsperioder för att undersöka om den Ekvivalenta modellen förändras över tid. Denna Ekvivalenta modell utvärderas baserat på den relativa effektskillnaden och beräkningstiden jämfört med den Detaljerade modellen. Den relativa effektskillnaden är 4% 23% mellan de Ekvivalenta och Detaljerade modellerna, beroende på period och handelsområde, och beräkningstiden minskas med mer än 90%. Vidare ändras Ekvivalenta modellen över tiden, vilket tyder på att när året delas upp på rätt sätt kan den Ekvivalenta modellen prestera ännu bättre. De relativa effektskillnaderna indikerar att vissa perioder fortfarande kan förbättras genom att dela upp perioden mer korrekt. Trots allt, förser resultanten en tillfredsställande Ekvivalent modell som har en mer effektiv beräkningstid och rimliga effektskillnader. Slutligen skulle den Ekvivalenta modellen kunna användas som en grund för ytterligare analyser och simuleringar.

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Fredskov, Linus, et Mikael Renardsson. « Costs for Floating Solar Power in Sweden ». Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95797.

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År 2016 slöts energiöverenskommelsen av de fem riksdagspartierna Moderaterna, Socialdemokraterna, Miljöpartiet, Centerpartiet och Kristdemokraterna. Denna överenskommelse innebär att Sverige målsäter att år 2040 ha en helt förnybar energiförsörjning. För att uppnå detta krävs det att den svenska energiproduktionen utvecklas och förbättras. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka huruvida kostnadseffektiviteten hos solenergi i Sverige kan höjas genom att placera solpaneler flytande på vatten i stället för på land. Det har i tidigare studier påvisats att verkningsgraden hos solenergi kan höjas igenom att placera solpaneler flytande ovanför vattenytan och ta fördel av vattnets nedkylande effekt. Denna studie har använts sig av en kvantitativ forskningsmetod. Resultatet påvisade att kostnadseffektiviteten för solenergi i Sverige kan höjas igenom att placera solpanelerna flytande på vatten i stället för på land.
In 2016, the energy agreement was signed by the five parliamentary parties Moderaterna, Socialdemokraterna, Miljopartiet, Centerpartiet and Kristdemokraterna. This agreement means that Sweden aims to have a completely renewable energy supply by 2040. To achieve this, it is necessary that the Swedish energy production is developed and improved. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the cost-effectiveness of solar energy in Sweden can be increased by placing solar panels floating on water instead of on land. Previous studies have shown that the effects of solar energy can be increased by placing solar panels floating above the surface of the water and taking advantage of the cooling effect of the water. In this study a quantitative research method has been used. The result showed that the cost-effectiveness of solar energy in Sweden can be increased by placing solar panels floating at the water surface instead of on land.

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Wikberg, Karl Anders. « Phosphorus Balance of Sweden ». Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263424.

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Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for all life on our planet. During the past century anthropogenic consumption of P has reached critically unsustainable levels, the mining of finite phosphate rock and the dispersion of this resource could lead to resource scarcity in the future. The need to increase knowledge and understanding for the P system is an essential part of sustainable decision making. In this thesis the P balance of Sweden is characterised and quantified using material flow analysis methodology. Furthermore, the study provides a solid foundation of knowledge and understanding of the current state of P balance in Sweden. Major challenges are highlighted and further improvement potential is established for the Swedish flows of P. The major identified contributors to the Swedish P balance are the consumption of mineral fertilizers, the consumption patterns in society and the waste management. Moreover, there is a need to reduce the emissions of P to the environment in order to preserve natural state. The most effective ways of reducing the emissions are to reduce inputs to the system and improve the system efficiency through technical solutions, political tools and financial incentives. It is important to reduce emissions without shifting of burdens onto others. The anthropogenic activities in Sweden have a significant impact on the environment, this is due to Sweden importing P fertilizer that is added to the system. Nevertheless, there is a large potential for improvement of P resource management, where recycling and reuse of P is highlighted. Furthermore, Sweden has historically proven that political action and financial incentives are effective in reducing emissions.
Fosfor (P) är ett väsentligt element för allt liv på vår planet. Under det senaste århundradet har den antropogena förbrukningen av P uppnått kritiskt ohållbara nivåer, brytning av begränsade mängder fosfatmalm som finns och spridningen av denna resurs kan leda till resursbrist i framtiden. Behovet av att öka kunskapen och förståelsen för P systemet är en väsentlig del av hållbart beslutsfattande. I denna avhandling karakteriseras och kvantifieras P balansen i Sverige med hjälp av metoder för materialflödesanalys. Dessutom ger studien en stadig grund för kunskap och förståelse för det nuvarande tillståndet för fosforbalansen i Sverige. Viktiga utmaningar lyfts upp och ytterligare förbättringspotentialer fastställs för de svenska flödena av P. De viktigaste identifierade påverkningsfaktorerna till den svenska P-balansen är konsumtion av mineralgödsel, konsumtionsmönstren i samhället och avfallshanteringen. Utöver detta, finns det ett behov av att minska utsläppen av P till miljön för att bevara ett naturligt tillstånd. De mest effektiva sätten att minska utsläppen är att minska tillförseln av P till systemet och förbättra systemeffektiviteten genom tekniska lösningar, politiska verktyg och ekonomiska incitament. Det är viktigt att minska utsläppen utan att förskjuta bördorna på andra. Den antropogena verksamheten i Sverige har en betydande påverkan på miljön, detta beror på att Sverige importerar P gödsel som läggs till systemet. Ändå finns det en stor potential för förbättring av P resurshanteringen, där återvinning och återanvändning av P framlyfts. Dessutom har Sverige historiskt bevisat att politiska åtgärder och ekonomiska incitament är effektiva för att minska utsläppen.

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Bergqvist, Gabriel, et Aristizábal Diego Fernando Botero. « E-book market adoption in Sweden ». Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-16717.

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The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the knowledge about why customers select e-books, paper books or audiobooks, and what differences exist for different customer groups. Considering that publishing is a really old business, well established hundreds of years before the internet, it is not surprising that disruptive new concepts as e-books, audiobooks and the internet require the companies to change their way of doing and looking upon business. Organisations need to alter their dominant logic in an appropriate way in order to be able to compete with newcomers that are not attached to an “old” dominant logic. Even though Swedish people are tech-savvy, the e-book market account for a very small proportion compared to the total book market. One important reason for the low proportion of e-books and digital audiobooks is that it is a relatively new market. It takes time for a new market to expand. Another reason is that many companies believe that profitability is too low. The fact that e-books and audiobooks have to pay 25 percent in VAT while the VAT on paper books is 6 percent doesn’t help. The impact of eBooks and audiobooks on the book market is related to the ease or difficulty of potential readers to utilise the available technical aids. This question has been analysed in the context of three partially overlapping theories about the individual's adoption of new technology. They are Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the United Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation Theory. Furthermore, some theories for understanding of individuals' adoption of technical innovations in the book market are used. These are the Adoption-Diffusion Theory and the Innovation-Decision process. In order to gain increased knowledge about determining factors for readers' choice of eBook and paper book, a survey was conducted. Aspects such as demographics, reading habits, willingness to use eBook related services and interest in self-publishing a book were analysed. In our survey, we limit ourselves to an analysis of various individual factors that influence the individual's choice between e-books/audio books and paper books. The survey provides a lot of interesting findings. "Early adopters" in our survey are those who prefer the electronic option, but at the same time read many paper books. It is in this group we find the most frequent readers, not among the traditional paper book readers. Moreover, a low price of e-books relative to paper books makes it easier for readers to adopt e-books. We also found that the group of books who prefer paper books are de facto interested in e-books, but only if they are free or by subscribing to them. The technical conditions for expanding the market for e-books and audiobooks in Sweden are very good. The digital maturity and technical infrastructure are at the top of the world. Virtually all households have the technical equipment needed for digital books, especially among younger people. However, the market for e-books and audiobooks is quite new, which means that it is still very small compared to paper books. However, the rate of growth is high, especially in the form of subscription services.

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Wohlin, Dennis. « Analysis of PFAS in ash from incineration facilities from Sweden ». Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-86273.

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of organohalogens that bioaccumulate in biota, have toxicological effects and are persistent in the environment. Because of the fluorinated carbon chain, PFASs are present in many household and industrial products. The aim of this study is to investigate if PFASs are residues in ash from municipality incineration facilities and asses if the ashes can become a source of environmental pollution. In the method development three different extraction methods were tested (liquid-solid extraction with MeOH, liquid-solid extraction with acetone/hexane and Soxhlet extraction with MeOH) and evaluated by quantification of PFASs and extractable organic fluorine (EOF). The liquid-solid extraction with MeOH was chosen as the extraction method as the target PFASs were extracted from the ash samples while the other methods resulted in lower signals. The EOF had high blank raising questions about the suitability of the method for EOF. The results from analysing ashes from 11 facilities sampled in 2005 indicate that PFASs are occurring more often in fly ash than bottom ash (sum of PFAS 43,1- 950,7 pg/g) however the two samples with the highest detected amount of PFASs (1611 and 7169,5 pg/g) were both bottom ash. The PFASs that were found in the highest concentrations were at low parts per billion in concentration levels. Since the landfill sites around waste facilities are continuously refilled with new ash from the incineration there is a possibility that the landfills could become a source of environmental pollution in the future with continuously leeching from the added ashes.

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Schelin, Eric. « PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM YIELD EVALUATION IN SWEDEN : A performance review of PV systems in Sweden 2017-2018 ». Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-44667.

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The goal of this study is to evaluate Swedish photovoltaic systems regarding energy production from two different years and compare the gathered data with results from a model simulating optimal conditions. This is done to investigate how the energy production differs between each year, why there are differences, and also to evaluate the simulation tools compared to the real production data. A good way to measure performance is to calculate the specific yield, that is the energy produced per unit of installed power (kWh/kWp). In order to complete this study, a literature study was made to investigate reasons for potential variations in PV system yield. Besides that, the production data from 2373 PV systems in Sweden were collected from different databases, and the data were sorted and compiled in order to calculate specific yield (kWh/kWp). The total number of PV systems after sorting was 828 for the 2017-2018 data and 1380 systems for the 2018 data. Data from real PV system production was compared with calculations performed in two simulation tools, PVGIS and PVsyst. Differences in calculation methods were investigated for performance evaluations between the two programs, and also for comparison with the real plant data. The results showed that the average specific yield for Sweden as a whole, to be 798 kWh/kWp for 2017. For 2018 with the results where 890 kWh/kWp when looking at the exact same plants as for 2017. This is an increase of 11,5%. For the simulation tools the results where 974 kWh/kWp for PVGIS, and 978 for PVsyst for an optimized system. Larger variations in specific yield occurs between every of the 21 counties in Sweden. The solar irradiations show significant correlations to the variations of the 2017 and 2018 specific yield data. Differences between the production data from the two years and the simulation tools wereinvestigated further. Reasons for this was discussed to be because of orientations of the panels and shading of the panels. Real PV systemsdiffer in orientation and the amount of shadowing from the simulated calculations.

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Lindroth, Henriksson Amelia, et Simon Koller. « Logistic Regression Analysis of Patent Approval Rate in Sweden ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230143.

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This thesis was conducted to investigate what factors impact the outcome of a patent application for the Swedish market. The method used was logistic regression and the data was extracted from the database of The Swedish Patent and Registration Offi ce, PRV. The analysis in this thesis started with 47 covariates, including the 35 IPO technical fields, resulting in a model consisting of five covariates. The most important covariates were determined to be the number of notices issued by PRV, whether or not a patent attorney was used and applicant type. The number of notices had a positive impact on the probability of the success of a patent application. Being a company and hiring a patent attorney also increase the chances of the patent being granted. The derived final model showed a high predictive ability and provides insight of significant factors of a successful patent application.
Denna avhandling utfördes för att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar utfallen av patentansökningar för den svenska marknaden. Metoden som användes var logistisk re- gression, och datan är hämtad från Patent- och Registreringsverkets, PRVs, databas. Analysen i avhandlingen utfördes på 47 kovariat, inklusive IPOs 35 teknikområden. Detta resulterade i en modell som består av fem kovariat. De viktigaste kovariaten beräknades vara antalet skick mellan PRV och sökanden, huruvida man nyttjat sig av ett patentombud eller ej samt om sökande var en privatperson eller juridisk person. Antalet skick hade en positiv påverkan på sannolikheten för en godkänd patentansökan. Företag och sökanden som använde sig av ett patentombud hade också högre sannolikhet att få sina patent godkända. Den härledda slutgiltiga modellen visade sig ha hög förutsägningsförmåga och ger en insikt om signifikanta faktorer för en framgångsrik patentansökan.

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Wu, Meixian. « Brand management in SMEs in Sweden ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231253.

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SMEs have been developing rapidly in Sweden since the last decade; many of them have developed a strong brand and went global. Brands can be utilized as a tool for people involved in the ecosystem to consistently communicate with the stakeholders. On the customers’ side, decisions on purchasing certain products are often made by symbolic attributes. According to studies, brand management can benefit an organization’s performance. Brand management is critical for the substantiality of SMEs. Many studies have been done on brand management in larger organizations. Only some research has been done on SMEs brand management, from which it was concluded that SMEs placed very little or no priority on brand management. In this thesis, the author studies brand management in SMEs in Sweden, by using Wong and Merrilees’s model (2005) on three archetypes of brand orientation. The aim of this study is to get insights on what brand-related activities can help with the goal of heightening brand awareness for customers. This research is done by a qualitative study based on three in-depth interviews undertaken with small-sized organizations and a supplementary desktop research with data from authority.

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D'ANGELO, MARTA. « Onshore Wind Energy Market Analysis : Of Sweden, Poland, and Romania ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-282922.

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The shift towards sustainability is a key point in many countries’ energy programs. Among renewable energy technologies, wind power offers high productivity and reliability. However, its profitability is strongly dependent on the support of favorable political environment, national and/or European incentives, and market opportunities. With this regard, this study presents a methodology to highlight how different scenarios impact on the remuneration from similar featured wind farms. Indeed, a wind farm pre-feasibility study is performed in three different locations in Sweden, Poland, and Romania respectively. Both technical and economic results are compared, and conclusions are carried out. First, a study defining detailed country profiles is performed by focusing on wind energy current scenario and development of future scenarios. Key investment actors and business models are analyzed in order to define market opportunities and criticalities. This research is crucial and preliminary to choose proper features and realistic assumptions for the pre-feasibility wind projects. Therefore, the first results come from these market analyses which outline various bottlenecks in the countries energy systems. Specifically, the Swedish permitting phase is affected by the local “municipal veto” which sets limits on the wind turbines height. The biggest barrier in Poland is the “10H rule” imposing strict distances between wind farms and houses. Lastly, the most relevant Romanian issue is the grid capability which needs to be expanded in order to accommodate the desired renewable energy capacities. The first assumptions of the wind farm designs aim at overcoming these criticalities, by choosing a wind turbine model with acceptable height and rotor diameter and assuming approved permits. Finally, the research continues with the design of three 100 MW wind farms located in sites with similar annual average wind speeds. Thus, techno-optimizations lead to the final layout orientations by minimizing wake effects. Hence, the economic analysis shows that the wind farm located in Romania has higher productivity and profitability, followed by the Swedish and the Polonian wind farms. However, the comparison study exposes another relevant difference. The Swedish and Polonian assumptions on the permitting phase are related to political rules already planned to be modified or removed uniquely, such as the municipal veto and 10H rule. On the contrary, the Romanian barrier regards a grid expansion involving huge investments along with political decisions. In conclusion, given that the three pre-feasibility projects are already cost-effective, the profitability of the projects raises along with decreasing of investment costs from the technical side, and implementation of necessary amendments from the political one.
Förändringen mot hållbarhet är en nyckelpunkt i många lands energiprogram. Bland teknik för förnybar energi erbjuder vindkraft hög produktivitet och tillförlitlighet. Lönsamheten är dock starkt beroende av stödet av gynnsam politisk miljö, nationella och / eller europeiska incitament och marknadsmöjligheter. I detta avseende presenterar denna studie en metodik för att belysa hur olika scenarier påverkar ersättningen från liknande vindkraftsparker. I själva verket genomförs en genomförbarhetsstudie på vindkraftsparker på tre olika platser i Sverige, Polen respektive Rumänien. Både tekniska och ekonomiska resultat jämförs och slutsatser genomförs. Först utförs en studie som definierar detaljerade landsprofiler genom att fokusera på vindkraftsströmsscenario och utveckling av framtida scenarier. Viktiga investeringsaktörer och affärsmodeller analyseras för att definiera marknadsmöjligheter och kritik. Denna forskning är avgörande och preliminär för att välja lämpliga funktioner och realistiska antaganden för förberedande vindprojekt. Därför kommer de första resultaten från dessa marknadsanalyser som beskriver olika flaskhalsar i ländernas energisystem. Specifikt påverkas den svenska tillåtningsfasen av det lokala "kommunala vetot" som sätter gränser för vindkraftverkets höjd. Den största barriären i Polen är ”10H-regeln” som innebär strikta avstånd mellan vindkraftsparker och hus. Slutligen är den mest relevanta rumänska frågan nätkapaciteten som måste utökas för att tillgodose önskad kapacitet för förnybar energi. De första antagandena om vindparkens utformningar syftar till att övervinna dessa kriterier genom att välja en vindkraftverksmodell med acceptabel höjd och rotordiameter och antaga godkända tillstånd. Slutligen fortsätter forskningen med utformningen av tre vindkraftsparker på 100 MW belägna på platser med liknande årliga genomsnittliga vindhastigheter. Således leder teknooptimeringar till den slutliga layoutorienteringen genom att minimera väckningseffekter. Följaktligen visar den ekonomiska analysen att vindkraftsparken i Rumänien har högre produktivitet och lönsamhet, följt av svenska och polska vindkraftparker. Jämförelsesstudien visar dock en annan relevant skillnad. De svenska och polska antagandena om tillståndsfasen är relaterade till politiska regler som redan planeras att ändras eller tas bort unikt, till exempel kommunvetoret och 10H-regeln. Tvärtom gäller den rumänska barriären en nätutvidgning med stora investeringar tillsammans med politiska beslut. Sammanfattningsvis, med tanke på att de tre projekten för genomförbarhet redan är kostnadseffektiva, ökar lönsamheten för projekten tillsammans med minskade investeringskostnader från den tekniska sidan och genomförande av nödvändiga ändringar från den politiska.

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Katebi, Daniel, et Carlsson Olle Hoffman. « A comparative study on the prospects of sustainable aviation fuels in Sweden ». Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278215.

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The aviation industry needs to move towards a more sustainable future to achieve the climate goals set forth by the European Union (to reach a climate neutral economy by 2050), and in the recent past the interest in sustainable jet fuel has increased. In this report we compared different feedstocks and pathways for production of sustainable jet fuels from an economical, technical and environmental perspective for long-term implementation. A literature study was performed to gather data regarding fossil-based jet fuel, feedstocks for jet bio fuels and pathways for producing sustainable jet fuels. There are multiple ways of producing sustainable jet fuel and this report compares three different pathways: Hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA), hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and electrofuel. Of these pathways, only HEFA has received certification for use as a jet fuel as of April 2020. The report also compared three different feedstocks: forest residues, used cooking oil and food waste. The comparison was done with a Pugh matrix - a criteria-based matrix - and was based on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction, fuel readiness level (what stage of development the pathway is in), fuel production cost, yield and potential fuel output (how much of Sweden’s current jet fuel consumption can potentially be covered by each pathway/feedstock). The relevant data for the comparison was also gathered from the literature study. To put the comparison in a long-term context, the parameters where given a percentage of the total 100 points: potential fuel output – 30%, GHG-e – 30%, price – 20%, Yield – 10% and fuel readiness level – 10%. The study found that HTL with forest residues is most suitable for long-term implementation because of a high potential fuel output and low price. If the fuel production price of electrofuels can go down e.g. through government subsidies it would be another suitable alternative due to its massive potential in GHG emission reduction.
Flygplansindustrin behöver röra sig mot en mer hållbar framtid för att nå Europeiska Unionens klimatmål (att nå en klimatneutral ekonomi senast 2050), och under de senaste åren har intresset för hållbara flygplansbränslen ökat markant. I denna rapport sammanställde och jämförde vi olika produktionsvägar och råmaterial utifrån ekonomiskt-, tekniskt- och klimatperspektiv för långsiktig implementation. En litteraturstudie utfördes för att samla information om hållbara flygplansbränslen. Det finns ett flertal sätt att producera hållbara flygplansbränslen och denna rapport jämför tre olika produktionsvägar: Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA), hydrotermisk förvätskning (HTL) och elektrobränslen. Av dessa har enbart HEFA godkänts för användning som flygbränsle (april 2020). Rapporten jämförde även tre olika råmaterial: biomassa från skogen, matlagningsolja samt matavfall ur ett svenskt perspektiv. Jämförelsen utfördes med en Pugh-matris som var baserad på: minskning i växthusgasutsläpp, teknisk mognadsgrad (hur långt i utvecklingen har produktionsväggen kommit), kostnaden för bränslet, effektivitet och potentiell bränslemängd (hur stor del av svenska jetbränslekonsumtionen kan vardera produktionsväg täcka). För att sätta jämförelsen i ett långsiktigt perspektiv vägdes jämförelseparameterna till: potentiell bränslemängd - 30%, minskning i växthusgasutsläpp - 30%, pris – 20%, avkastning – 10% och bränslet mognadsgrad – 10% av total 100 poäng. Studien fann att HTL med biomassa från skogen är lämpligast för en långsiktig implementation, på grund av dess höga potentiella bränslemängd samt ett lågt pris. Om priset för elektrobränslen kan minska genom till exempel statliga subventioner är även det ett intressant alternativ framförallt på grund av väldigt låga växthusgasutsläpp.

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Stassen, Richard. « Assessing the Accessibility of Police Services in Sweden ». Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-237280.

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Providing a nation’s citizens with timely and effective police services is a complex task, particularly in rural areas where limited resources must be allocated across vast, sparsely populated areas—to date, little research has sought to understand this process. The aim of this thesis is to assess the accessibility of police services in Sweden. Central place theory (CPT) serves as a theoretical framework for understanding how police services are spatially arranged. Differences in accessibility are evaluated with respect to two low-mobility groups—older adults, and women. This thesis employs open data provided by the Swedish police, Statistics Sweden (SCB), and Eurostat. Geographic information systems (GIS) are used to perform network analyses by which drive-times to police stations are calculated. Group differences in accessibility are examined by comparing average drive-times between areas where standardized population ratios (SPR) reveal differences in group representation. Results show that the spatial structure of police services resembles CPT’s prediction in that important services are widely distributed, whereas specialized services are found in more central cities. However, the observations do not perfectly adhere to the theoretical structure, implying that factors exogenous to CPT have some role in determining service point locations. Regarding accessibility, older adults tend to be overrepresented in areas far from police stations, suggesting lower levels of access to the services they offer. Sex was not found to be a significant factor influencing access, except in that men tend to be overrepresented in remote parts of northern Sweden.
Att tillhandahålla effektiva och lägliga polistjänster är en komplex uppgift för ett lands medborgare, särskilt på landsbygden där begränsade resurser måste tilldelas över omfattande och glesbefolkade områden— hittills har lite forskning eftersträvat att förstå denna process. Målet av denna avhandling är att bedöma den rumsliga strukturen och tillgängligheten av polistjänster i Sverige. Teorin känd som "Central place theory (CPT)" fungerar som en teoretisk ram för att förstå hur polistjänster är rumsligt anordnade. Skillnader i tillgänglighet bedöms med avseende på två grupper med låg rörlighet- äldre vuxna och kvinnor. Denna avhandling använder öppna data tillhandahållna av svensk polis, Statistiska Centralbyrån (SCB), och Eurostat. Geografiska informationssystem (GIS) används för att utföra nätverksanalyser genom vilka körtider till polisstationer beräknas. Gruppskillnader i tillgänglighet utvärderas genom att jämföra genomsnittliga körtider mellan områden där standardiserade befolkningsförhållanden, eller "standardized population ratios", (SPR), avslöjar skillnader i grupprepresentation. Resultat visar att den rumsliga strukturen av polistjänster liknar CPTs förutsägelse att viktiga tjänster är allmänt fördelade, medan specialiserade tjänster kan hittas i mer centrala städer. Däremot håller inte observationerna helt fast vid den teoretiska strukturen, vilket innebär att faktorer som är exogena till CPT har en viss roll i att bestämma tjänstlägen. När det gäller tillgänglighet, brukar äldre vuxna vara överrepresenterade i områden långt från polisstationer, vilket tyder på lägre nivåer av tillgänglighet till tjänsterna de erbjuder. Kön befanns inte vara en betydande faktor som påverkar tillgänglighet, förutom att män tenderar att vara överrepresenterade i avlägsna norra områden.

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Ntalianis, Ioannis. « Industrial investments' transformation and sustainability in Sweden ». Thesis, KTH, Industriell Marknadsföring och Entreprenörskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230948.

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The purpose of this thesis is to examine if the sector of industrial investments has been transformed over the last decade and if so, in which ways this transformation has happened. Digitalization has changed the business environment in a revolutionary manner and this phenomenon needs to be explored since it is new and rapidly growing. The author will attempt to connect the industrial investments’ field with sustainability and find out in what ways sustainability is affected by the transformation mentioned above. The study was performed in Sweden and refers to the Swedish market. The research concludes that industrial investments have been significantly transformed and have become more opportunistic. Short-term profit drives the majority of investment decisions as the main decision makers are continuously being replaced by others while sustainability is not taken under consideration. This situation will likely change either by ambitious governmental initiatives or by a change in the masses’ everyday behavior towards consciously sustainable choices.

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Leysen, Raphaël. « An analysis of smart meter deployment in Sweden with applicability to the case of India ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232066.

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The energy landscape as we know it today is undergoing a radical revolution. New strategies for grid management, smart grids, are vital to facilitate this development in the power sector. Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), devices often denoted as Smart Meters, is the most mature and widespread of these technologies today. In a first stage, this thesis studies smart meters in Sweden reflecting on the first wave roll-out and while on the verge of a second wave technology deployment. The initial drivers behind smart meters are studied as well as the consequences that the deployment has had on different stakeholders. Furthermore,the thesis analyses the barriers and incentives perceived by the main energy stakeholders involved in the ecosystem today (regulator, end-consumers, distribution companies) and how these impact smart grid applications of smart meters in Sweden now and in the near future. In a second stage, the transferability of the lessons learned from Sweden to the current smart meter case of India is assessed. A comparison from the perspective of the main stakeholders identifies similarities and differences driven by local smart meter boundary conditions in the two countries. The study has revealed several issues that arise from the aim of a knowledge transfer between Sweden and India, ranging from a retrospective view of the current situation in Sweden to identification of barriers of different kinds that are present. From this, the thesis concludes that the main developments in the two countries are to that extent driven by their local parameters that the relevance of a knowledge transfer becomes questionable.

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Trofast, Karl, et Carl Strand. « Analys av transportlogistik : En studie för FläktGroup Sweden AB ». Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Industriell organisation och produktion, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-45667.

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An important part in the area of logistics, is transportation logistics. In order to be a competitive and profitable industrial company, it requires to have a good strategy over the transportation logistics as this can be crucial of getting the products available in a cost-effective way The thesis work has been carried out at FläktGroup Sweden AB in Jönköping, Sweden which is a company that produces ventilation systems and fans. FläktGroup suspects that the present transportation logistics is not cost-effective and therefore wants to investigate whether there are improvement opportunities in this area. The study aims to contribute with knowledge and development where the current situation is analyzed with the aim of finding cost-effective action proposals for FläktGroup Sweden AB. In order to achieve this goal, three questions were asked: How does the current transportation logistics look like from a cost perspective? What improvement opportunities are there regarding the transportation logistics regarding the current situation? What results can the improvement opportunities generate? The study resulted in two action proposals that generated savings for FläktGroup: Action proposal 1 à reduced transportation costs with 35 % compared to the current situation. Action proposal 2 à reduced transportation costs with 9 % and a more predictable inflow of goods from the five most frequent suppliers compared to the current situation. The later part of the thesis contains a discussion where the action proposals are discussed as well as the study's validity and reliability. The thesis is then concluded with a conclusion and further recommendations for academic writing but also for FläktGroup Sweden AB.

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Dahlström, Pontus. « Potential of electrical building heating as thermal energy storage in Sweden ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264344.

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The purpose of this Master thesis is to investigate the potential of using electricity based building heating as thermal energy storage in Sweden and its applications. Building data and statistics along with literature were the basis for data collection and processing. The work was then carried out by selecting a thermal energy storage model to represent different building types that are equipped with electricity based heating systems. This aggregate thermal energy storage model was applied to the Swedish building stock, historical weather data and typical thermal comfort zones. The power and energy capacity of the thermal energy storage were studied and the model was used to evaluate Demand Response (DR) both as Price Based DR and Emergency DR. This thesis gives an approximation of the potential of both power and energy capacity which has not been clearly quantified in previous studies for thermal energy storage in buildings of Sweden. The thesis was carried out for the Department of Energy Technology (EGI) at the Division of Electric Power and Energy Systems (EPE) in collaboration with SWECO as part of the North European Energy Perspectives Project (NEPP).
Syftet med detta examensarbete på Mastersnivå är att utreda potentialen av att använda värmesystem drivna av elektricitet i svenska byggnader som lagring av termisk energi och möjliga tillämpningar. Datainsamlingen och behandlingen baserades på byggnadsdata och statistik tillsammans med lämplig litteratur. Arbetet utfördes sedan genom att välja en modell för lagring av termisk energi för att representera olika byggnadstyper som har värmesystem drivna av elektricitet installerade. Den samlade termiska energilagringsmodellen tillämpades för det svenska byggnadsbeståndet med historiska väderdata och termiska komfortzoner. Effekten och energikapaciteten från den termiska energilagringen studerades och modellen användes sedan för att utvärdera Demand Response (DR) både baserat på elpris och vid nödfall. Examensarbetet uppskattar potentialen av både effekten och energikapaciteten vilket i tidigare studier av lagring av termisk energi i svenska byggnader ej kvantifierats tydligt. Detta examensarbete har utförts för institutionen för energiteknik (EGI) vid institutionen för elkraftteknik (EPE) i samarbete med SWECO inom ramen för North European Energy Perspectives Project (NEPP).

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Hopper, Miles. « Grid-Scale Hydrogen Energy Storage : A Techno-Economic Cost-Benefit Analysis for Sweden ». Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-226147.

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The transition to a 100% renewable-based energy system in Sweden requires investments in large-scale energy storage to balance the variable output from renewable energy sources. Currently, many energy storage technologies exist and their feasibility and effectiveness needs to be critically evaluated for every particular location with different sets of parameters. Underground hydrogen storage has been suggested by many researchers as one such viable option. This study explores the potential costs and benefits of developing the technological framework and investing in a grid-scale hydrogen energy storage, from the point of view of electricity distribution system operators in Sweden. A tool called StorageVET was used for the analysis, to simulate three potential scenarios for the implementation of hydrogen energy storage in Sweden, such as: a) offshore underground storage in saline aquifers; b) underground storage in geological formations onshore; and c) liquid hydrogen storage in large steel vessels on land. All three scenarios were calculated to have a NPV of just over $100 million, for the specific parameters selected, suggesting that investing in hydrogen energy storage could be economically feasible for the case of Sweden. It is believed that this work would lead to increased focus on hydrogen as a grid-scale energy storage technology and to further detailed feasibility evaluation studies by distribution system operators and energy researchers.

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Sjöholm, Jennie. « Heritagisation of built environments : a study of the urban transformation in Kiruna, Sweden ». Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Arkitektur och vatten, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-25737.

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This licentiate thesis is part of a larger case study that examines the built cultural heritage in Kiruna’s urban transformation. The research study presupposes it is necessary to address cultural significance of the built environment in urban planning practice. In Sweden, a conservation planning strategy emerged during the 1980s, in response to the extensive urban renewals that took place in many towns over the decades before. In spite of this, there are many examples of how demands for urban renewal challenge urban conservation.The aim of the thesis is to explore how the concept of built cultural heritage is understood in contemporary urban planning and how urban planning practice affects the built cultural heritage. The main research question is: how are buildings and built environments transformed into cultural heritage?The analysis draws on concepts such as ‘heritagisation’, ‘heritage’ and ‘authorised heritage discourse’. Heritagisation is defined as a process in which something, such as a built environment, turns into heritage. Heritage is perceived as a social and cultural construction in which values and meanings are attributed to, for instance, built environments. There is a distinction between official heritage that is authorised by legislation and unofficial heritage, which is not formally recognised. The authorised heritage discourse is characterised as a hegemonic heritage discourse favouring the monumental and aesthetically appealing, being a concern for heritage specialists.The research is performed as a qualitative, interpretative intrinsic case study of Kiruna’s contemporary urban transformation. The case study is triangulated using multiple methods and a variety of data. The main methods used are text analysis of records, planning documents and media coverage as well as semistructured interviews and observations.Kiruna was established in 1900, with the mining company LKAB as the main stakeholder, in order to provide housing for the large number of workers required in the iron ore industry. The hopes were very high for the design of the new town and some of Sweden’s most famous architects, planners and artists at the time were hired. From the 1980s until 2005, the town’s built environments were recognised as built cultural heritage. Local, regional and national authorities collaborated in protecting designated buildings. In 2004, it became publicly known that subsidence caused by mining activities would affect the settlement; the town would, therefore, be relocated. This has caused controversies around the management of the built cultural heritage in the urban transformation processes. The case of Kiruna illustrates the impact of legislation in defining built cultural heritage and the influence of the authorised heritage discourse on urban planning practice. There are, however, difficulties in implementing the notion of cultural heritage as socially and culturally constructed into urban planning processes; rather, the heritage is perceived as a fixed entity. It is suggested that also unofficial heritage should be recognised in the urban planning processes, in order to manage the long-term urban transformation process.
Godkänd; 2013; 20130428 (jensjo); Tillkännagivande licentiatseminarium 2013-05-06 Nedanstående person kommer att hålla licentiatseminarium för avläggande av teknologie licentiatexamen. Namn: Jennie Sjöholm Ämne: Arkitektur/Architecture Uppsats: Heritagisation of Built Environments : A Study of the Urban Transformation in Kiruna, Sweden Examinator: Professor Kristina L Nilsson, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Teknisk doktor Krister Olsson, Riksantikvarieämbetet, Stockholm Tid: Måndag den 27 maj 2013 kl 13.00 Plats: F1031, Luleå tekniska universitet

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Hugosson, Alice. « Visualization of 3D Real Properties in Sweden ». Thesis, KTH, Geodesi och satellitpositionering, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254717.

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It is a high demand of land in the society today, especially in urbanized areas. Values of land are increasing, and the cities get more complex constructions and relations between ownership.Since the 1st of January 2004 it is possible to form real properties that are limited both horizontally and vertically. This is called three-dimensional real properties a property spaces and is defined in the Swedish Land Code and the Real Property Act. The purpose is to separate land and buildings with different functions on different levels to achieve a more efficient use of land.The aim in this thesis is to investigate current legislation and recommendations for presentation of 3D real properties and their rights, restrictions and responsibilities (RRRs) and how these are presented in cadastral dossiers today. Further, the thesis addresses the question of how a 3D cadastral model should be visualized, which level of detail should be implemented in the model and which input data is required. The thesis has been conducted by studying literature, documents and laws, creating a 3D model and by study and evaluate cadastral dossiers for 3D property formation.The current legislation for property formation declares that if a property boundary cannot be marked in the ground, it should be presented by “enough accuracy” in maps and drawings. As a complement to this there are also a textual description of the vertical and horizontal extent of the property. The results of the study show that the intelligibility of the 3D extension in cadastral dossiers for 3D property formation can be improved. One way to improve this is to use standardized 3D models which can make it easier to interpret the relations between real property boundaries, RRRs, the construction and other features of interest. But to create a 3D model that presents the accurate cadastral relationships can be very time consuming and requires a lot of data. To solve this, a concept for standardized 3D models in three levels of detail is proposed. The concept covers a general, schematic and detailed model. The models require different types and amount of data and need different amount of work to create. A general visualization concept for these models are also proposed.A conclusion that can be drawn, is that standards and requirements for presentation of the extent of 3D real properties and RRRs is are missing today. It is hard to interpret the legal situation in current cadastral dossiers for 3D property formation, if this could be presented in a better way it could lead to more efficient processes and better understanding by both professionals and laymen. Another conclusion is that how 3D real properties and RRRs are formed varies a lot, from simple volumes to more complex situation related to construction details. This makes it hard to create one type of 3D cadastral model that covers all types of 3D real property situations.
Efterfrågan på mark är hög i samhället idag, speciellt i urbaniserade områden. Som en följd av att värdet på mark stiger skapas allt mer komplexa byggnader, konstruktioner och ägandeförhållanden i städerna. Sedan den 1a januari 2004 är det möjligt att bilda 3D-fastigheter i Sverige, dessa har både en horisontal och vertikal avgränsning. Definitionen av vad en 3D-fastighet är och hur den bildas är beskrivit i Jordabalken och Fastighetsbildningslagen. Syftet med att införa möjligheten för 3D fastighetsbildning var att separera mark och byggnader med olika funktioner för att effektivisera markanvändningen.Målet med det här arbetet är att undersöka gällande lagstiftning och rekommendationer för redovisning av 3D-fastigheter och deras rättigheter, skyldigheter och ansvar samt hur dessa är redovisade i dagens förrättningsakter. Vidare så undersöks det hur en fastighetsmodell i 3D skulle kunna visualiseras, vilken detaljeringsnivå modellen bör ha samt vilka data som krävs för att skapa modellen. För att svara på frågeställningarna har en litteraturstudie genomförts där tidigare studier, lagar, rekommendationer och dokument har studerats. Det har också genomförts en analys och utvärdering av ett antal existerande förrättningsakter som behandlare 3D fastighetsbildning. Utöver detta har en fastighetsmodell i 3D skapats.Den gällande lagstiftningen för fastighetsbildning slår fast att om en fastighetsgräns inte kan markeras på marken så måste den presenteras med tillräcklignoggrannhet i kartor och ritningar i en förrättningsakt. Detta underlag kompletteras också med en text som beskriver horisontell och vertikal utbredning verbalt. Resultatet av studien visar att det finns mycket förbättringspotential för redovisning av 3D fastighetsbildning i förrättningsakter. Ett sätt att förbättra detta är genom att använda standardiserade 3D modeller vilket kan göra det lättare att tolka förhållanden mellan fastighetsgränser, rättigheter, byggnader och andra anläggningar som kan vara av intresse. Men att skapa en 3D modell som redovisar det exakta rättsliga förhållandena kan vara väldigt tidskrävande och sätter höga krav på tillgängliga data. För att lösa detta har ett koncept för 3D fastighetsmodeller i tre olika detaljeringsnivåer tagits fram. Konceptet innefattar en generell, en schematisk och en detaljerad modell. Modellerna kräver olika mycket data och arbetstid för att skapa. Ett generellt visualiseringskoncept är också förslaget som för modellerna.Slutsatserna som kom fram under arbetets gång är att tydliga standarder och kravställningar för hur utbredning av 3D-fastigheter och rättigheter redovisas saknas idag. Det är svårt att tolka de rättsliga förhållandena i förrättningsakter för 3D fastighetsbildning. Bättre och mer entydiga redovisningar av fastighetsinformation i 3D skulle kunna leda till mer effektiva processer och bättre förståelse från både fackmän och lekmän. En annan slutsats är att hur fastighetsförrättningar för 3D fastigheter och dess rättigheter är utformade idag varierar mycket; allt från simpla volymer till mer komplexa situationer i relation till konstruktionsdetaljer. Detta gör det svårt att skapa en typ av 3D-fastighetsmodell som fungerar bra för alla typer av 3D fastighetsbildningar.

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Al, Dawood Hayder Mahdi A. « Bridging the gap between AI systems and society : algorithmic accountability and ethics within small AI organisations in Sweden : Is Sweden ready for AI Ethics ? » Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-434625.

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During the last years, ethics has gained greater attention in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Stakeholders engage in debates on how to apply ethical principles in various AI organisations with many differing viewpoints. The importance of ethics in AI continuously increases as this area grows rapidly, with a considerable amount of small organisations appearing every day. At the same time, AI solutions enter all the spheres of human activities. Algorithmic accountability can be seen as one of the ways to achieve AI ethics. This thesis will, therefore, explore how small AI organisations can ensure algorithmic accountability. The thesis is based on qualitative data collected from semi-structured interviews in four Swedish small AI organisations. Findings reveal that small AI organisations in Sweden do not apply or consider applying ethical principles when developing their products. The reasons for such decisions are mainly a lack of policies and regulations. The lack of legislation makes ethics of less priority. This thesis proposes governmental bodies facilitate the AI industry by establishing clear policies, standards, and certifications. Such initiatives can assist AI organisations, especially small ones, to address ethical implications and push them towards a high level of AI. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Algorithmic accountability, Small organisations, AI governance

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An, Anastasiia. « Early Design Stage Energy Optimization of Bysjöstrand Ecovillage, Sweden ». Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-34786.

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Decisions made at the early stage of building and settlement design can greatly influence the energy performance of the built environment. However, the type of feasible design intervention and their impact strong depends on project: if it is a new development or a re-development, whether the setting of the project is urban or rural, etc. Utilizing Bysjöstrand EcoVillage as a case, the aim of this thesis is to improve the energy performance of a new development at its early design stage through the passive and active use of solar energy. The study evaluated the energy saving potential of various passive solar design strategies as well as the solar energy potential of the new development. The steps taken to reduce the energy consumption are focused on the annual heating demand of buildings, since it accounts for more than a half of the total energy consumed by the village. The energy saving potential of the following passive solar design approaches were considered: building siting, building orientation, windows-to-wall ratio (WWR) analysis and insulation thickness optimization from the economic perspective. Furthermore, an assessment of energy generation potential from on-site photovoltaic (PV) systems was conducted. The financial viability of each building’s PV system was also conducted. According to the results, the evaluated passive solar design strategies can reduce the annual heating energy consumption close to 17 %. Regarding onsite energy generation, electricity from roof-installed PV systems can cover over 100% of the annual energy consumption estimated for the residential lighting and equipment within the eco-village. In summary, this study has demonstrated that with the above design considerations a 50 % reduction of energy consumption from the utility grid is possible. This study is useful for architects, energy engineers, and other parties who are involved in residential buildings energy performance optimization.

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Farcas, Florentina. « Road Traffic Noise - A study of region Skåne, Sweden ». Thesis, Linköping University, GIS - Geographical Information Science Group, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-17786.

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Since the first car appeared, the pollution on the roads became an issue, which is still mainly unsolved. Too many people complain about traffic noise. Various methods have been developed that aimed at minimizing the noise pollution and improving the environment.

This thesis presents the problems posed by noise pollution, covers the background of noise pollution and its effects on human health. Another important part of the thesis covers the method of noise calculation which applies in specific Nordic countries.

The main goal of the thesis is to present maps of noise levels on roads for region Skåne in Sweden. Because the regulation and the limits for noise levels are different for different countries, I could find various calculators for traffic noise. Australia, England, USA have the noise level calculators open for public. Another professional calculator, SoundPlan, is a program that can perform a very accurate calculation for traffic noise but only for small areas. Because of this disadvantage, the request for my thesis was to provide a program which can calculate traffic noise level for wide areas. As a master student specialist in GIS (Geographic Information System) it was natural to develop the traffic noise calculator with available GIS tools.

The software system to calculate the traffic noise maps was implemented in ArcMap 9.1, a GIS program which allows creation of tools, according to a mathematical description of noise calculator. The mathematical description is based on the Nordic Prediction method, a document which set up requirements for prediction of road traffic noise. ArcMap 9.1 allows the development of extensions in different programming languages. The tools implemented in this thesis are written in Visual Basic. The thesis work implements several tools for calculating noise levels, starting from the basic traffic noise level and introducing additional noise corrections to perform more accurate noise calculation. The additional corrections could be added because I had access to additional data regarding buildings and population location. The available population data from Lund gave me the opportunity to create a tool which performs population exposure to noise in this region.

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Svensson, Johan. « Change management on three big advertising agencies in Sweden ». Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20802.

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Idag måste företag genomgå förändringar för att fortsätta utvecklas på en konkurrensutsatt marknad och uppnå nya målsättningar. Det är också viktigt för företag att involvera sina medarbetare till förändringsarbeten för att uppnå engagemang och undvika reaktioner i form av motstånd.Studiens syfte är att utifrån tre stora reklambyråer i Sverige undersöka hur man leder ett förändringsarbete och hur deras medarbetare involveras och engageras till förändringsinitiativen. Syftet med studien är också att se hur deras medarbetare påverkas och reagerar på förändringsarbeten och om det är vanligt att det uppstår motstånd eller andra attityder inom reklambranschen. Utifrån en kvalitativ studie har det samlats in textmaterial från intervjuer, observationer, böcker, artiklar och webbplatser. Uppsatsen har också utgått från ett kvantitativt perspektiv, där ett urval av medarbetare på respektive byrå har fått besvara en webbbaserad enkät.Resultatet visar på att reklambyråerna skiljer sig åt och använder olika verktyg, strategier och arbetsmetoder för att leda sina förändringsarbeten och samt motivera och engagera sina medarbetare till förändringsinitiativen. Resultatet visar också att medarbetarna påverkas och reagerar på olika sätt i samband med förändringsarbeten. Resultatet visar även på att där finns tydliga kopplingar till teorin om vad som är betydelsefullt för att reklambyråerna ska uppnå ett framgångsrikt förändringsarbete.
Today on a competitive market, companies and organizations needs to undergo changes in order to continue to develop and achieve new goals. It is also important to involve their employees in order to achieve their commitment and avoid reactions in the form of resistance and other attitudes. Purpose of the study is to examine how to lead Change management in three major advertising agencies in Sweden and how their employees are involved and engaged to change initiatives.The purpose of the study is also to examine how their employees are affected and reacts to Change Management and aslo see if it can develop resistance or other attitudes in the advertising industry among the employees.Based on a qualitative study textual material has been collected through interviews, observations, books, articles and websites. The paper is also based on a quantitative study where a selection of employees at each office has asked to complete an online survey. The result shows that advertising agencies are different and use different tools, strategies and business practices to lead their change management and as well as motivate and engage their employees for change initiatives. The results also shows that the employees is affected and reacts in different ways in the context of change management. The results also shows that there are some connections to the theory of what is important for the agencies to achieve successful Change Management.

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Bhanbhro, Riaz. « Mechanical Properties of Tailings : Basic Description of a Tailings Material from Sweden ». Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geoteknologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-16952.

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Tailings dams are constructed to store waste material from mining industry and usually these dams are raised with time depending upon production rate. Tailings material is sometimes used in construction of tailings dams. Tailings are artificial material and the behavior of tailings material upon loading is different compared to natural soil materials. The mechanical properties of tailings have influence on the performance of a tailing dam. Since the tailings dams are constructed to withstand for long times, it is essential to understand tailings materials in depth in order to assure safe existence of the dams in short term as well as in long term perspective. This licentiate thesis describes the present work carried out on sulphide rich tailings from one mine in Sweden. The material presented is based upon material from three different papers. The first paper describes the basic characteristics of tailings which includes; specific gravity, phase relationships, particle size, particle shape and direct shear behavior. The second paper discusses direct shear tests carried out on tailings from one Swedish mine. Shear strength parameters are evaluated and results from 27 tests (15 drained and 12 undrained tests) are discussed. This paper also describes the vertical height reductions observed during direct shear tests. The third paper focuses on the laboratory results from triaxial tests conducted on tailings materials. This paper shows the drained behavior of tailings under application of different consolidation pressures.The results from particle analysis showed that smaller particles were very angular and bigger particles were sub angular. The material was classified as silt and silty sand. The average particle density (ρs) is 2.83t/m3. The dry density and void ratios were found to be 1.18–1.65 t/m3 and 0.72–1.41 respectively. During direct shear tests vertical height reductions were observed with slight increment in pore pressures. The strain hardening behavior was observed in both drained and undrained conditions in direct shear tests. The strength parameters determined in triaxial test were higher than of those calculated in direct shear tests. Friction angle ϕ' in triaxial tests were found to be 39 to 41degrees and it did not showed any effect with relation to depth. The cohesion and friction angle in direct shear test at 0.15radian, in drained tests were found as in range of 9.7-33.7kPa and 12.5-18.3 degrees respectively. The same parameters for undrained tests were found as 7.1-16.1 kPa and 16.0-20.4 degrees for cohesion and friction angle respectively.
Godkänd; 2014; 20140818 (riabha); Nedanstående person kommer att hålla licentiatseminarium för avläggande av teknologie licentiatexamen. Namn: Riaz Bhanbhro Ämne: Geoteknik/Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering Uppsats: Mechanical Properties of Tailings Basic Description of a Tailings Material from Sweden Examinator: Professor Sven Knutsson, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Adjungerande professor Peter Viklander, Vattenfall AB, Luleå Tid: Torsdag den 18 septemebr 2014 kl 10.00 Plats: F1031, Luleå tekniska universitet

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Joseph, John. « Digital Marketing and Small Business : Case Study : LocalDeals, Stockholm, Sweden ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448573.

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Digitalization has changed the ways business operates nowadays, and because of the change, many startups are creating many services to help customers enhance their business. However, the customers are becoming more aware of companies and their approach to creating value for them. The development of various technologies has caused this tide to shift. So firms cannot create a service without understanding what the customer expects from firms. LocalDeals is a startup company that provides business owners services to enhance their reach for gaining more customers. The company created a marketing channel in the form of a website. The startup is in its early stages, and they want to understand the perspective of the shop owners in Uppsala. This research aims to understand how value can be co-created for small business owners in Uppsala. To understand how value can be co-created, three theoretical perspectives were chosen Digitalization, Value, Value co-creation. The research was carried out as a qualitative study. A purposive sampling method was carried out to select the shops in Uppsala. To understand the shop owners, 12 interviews and an interview with the founder of LocalDeals were carried out. The data was analyzed by thematic analysis and Identified eight themes – Price & Quality, Trust, Interactions Marketing, Knowledge gap, Open to collaboration, Customers, and Promises not delivered. The study found out that the shop owners in Uppsala have trust issues with digital service providers approaching them. If the case company can establish trust and have the resources to help small buissness, only then Value can be co-created for the small buissness owners in Uppsala.

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Jensen, Wennberg Anton. « Rainwater harvesting : An assessment of the future potential in Sweden ». Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-236307.

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The thesis address the field of stormwater management. With a changing climate, the field of stormwater management much like many other fields will need to incorporate sustainable development if overall sustainability is to be reached. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the current method for dealing with stormwater in Sweden, mainly in urban areas, and point to issues at hand and identified ways of addressing them. The concept of Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) is assessed. A comparison of results from several case studies from around the world show that there are several aspects of high importance for the viability of such technology. Among others price for municipal water, ability to lower costs due to smart planning ahead of installing, inclusion of environmental aspects and impacts on society such as reduced load on water, wastewater and stormwater infrastructure, reduced pollution load and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly due to less water treated at wastewater treatment facilities). The main conclusion from comparing and compiling results were that the viability of RWH from an economic standpoint is questionable. Although if including all identified gains for the municipality including stormwater management benefits and indirect gains due to reduced load and taking all aspects of importance into consideration there is potential for such technology even in a country like Sweden with good water supply and infrastructure in place. This thesis is of importance since it brings RWH technology into the light as a potential sustainability measure in Sweden. It evaluates the important parameters for the technology to be viable as indicated by case studies and literature within the field.
Detta examensarbete behandlar hållbar dagvattenhantering och specifikt tekniken Rainwater harvesting. Nuvarande centrala system för att förse Stockholm med färskvatten samt hantera bildat dagvatten utvärderas i en litteraturstudie. Även identifierade metoder för att hantera dagvattnet i linje med hållbarhetsmål beskrivs. Tekniken Rainwater harvesting beskrivs, dess historia samt implementering i moderna sammanhang framställs. Flertalet fallstudier där tekniken beskrivs analyseras och jämförs. Detta examensarbete är av vikt eftersom det tar upp tekniken RWH i relation till Sverige som potentiellt lokalt system för att uppnå hållbarhet. Det utvärderar viktiga parametrar för att tekniken ska anses försvarbar vilka indikeras av flertalet fallstudier samt litteratur. Dagens system för hantering av dagvatten i Stockholm består till allra största grad av det centrala avloppssystemet bestående av kombinerat samt duplikat avloppsnät. Detta har likt många centrala infrastruktursystem nackdelen att det är kostsamt och besvärligt att uppdatera och stärka, men dessutom flertalet nackdelar relaterade till miljöpåverkan och hög belastning på reningsverk. Rainwater harvesting är en teknik med lång historia som i moderna samhällen implementeras i syfte att minska vattenanvändningen samt belastningen på centralt dagvattensystem. Blandade ekonomiska resultat har observerats, sannolikt på grund av varierande analysmetoder och varierande inkludering av viktiga parametrar i bedömningar. Miljönyttan är till viss del tydlig, dock i många fall ej medtagen i beräkningar och utvärderingar. Analys av fallstudier påvisar hög potential för tekniken vid smart implementering men att det även finns goda exempel på system som resulterat i mycket dåliga ekonomiska resultat. Flertalet viktiga aspekter att ta hänsyn till för att uppnå försvarbara resultat har identifierats och beskrivits. Huvudslutsatsen är att Rainwater harvesting i och med sin potential att nå eller jobba mot definierade mål för dagvattenhantering och hållbar utveckling bör has med i åtanke som potentiellt lokalt system i Sverige kommande år.

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BABAHEIDARI, PERSHENG, et GEER HANS DE. « Corporate foresight in Sweden : A quantitative comparison between Swedish and European companies ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-223887.

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Gramer, Simon, Johan Petersson et Robin Redin. « Effektivisering och utformning av monteringsfunktion : En fallstudie hos Eco Log Sweden AB ». Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Industriell ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-25331.

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The aim of this thesis was to design a methodology for the efficiency and design of an assembling area. This methodology will be applied and then evaluated at Eco Log Sweden AB, a company that manufactures forestry machinery. As today's global market places higher demands on companies to make them competitive, therefore solutions are needed in terms of efficient production. Effective production has a significant impact on the performance and efficiency of a manufacturing organization, which also affects the organization's success. A known method is systematic layout planning, which is an approach for solving problems with inventory designs. It is important to take all aspects into account when designing an efficient layout and associated production flow. With the aid of literature studies, interviews and observations the purpose has been answered where a methodology has been worked out through relevant theory regarding the efficiency and design of an assembling area. The methodology contains three main areas that will have the main purpose of making the assembly area more efficient. Within these main areas, ten influencing factors have been developed to take into account the different requirements and conditions that each main area includes. The methodology was then applied to Eco Log Sweden AB where a zero-state analysis was first performed to identify problems and find improvement proposals in form of alternative layouts. There are three different alternative proposals and one of them is recommended because it’s considered to be able to streamline Eco Log Sweden AB assembly area in the best possible way. The company may choose the one that they consider most useful. To be able to implement the improvement proposals developed during the study a number of investments are required, which are stated in a simpler investment estimate. For further studies, it is recommended that the methodology be evaluated on more case companies to increase reliability, validity and generalizability. The main areas can be developed to take more aspects into account. Three main areas were identified that affect the efficiency and design of an assembly area. These are storage, transport and assembly.
Syftet med studien var att utforma en metodik för effektivisering och utformning av en monteringsfunktion. Metodiken tillämpades sedan och utvärderades på Eco Log Sweden AB som är ett företag som tillverkar skogsmaskiner. Dagens globala marknad ställer allt högre krav på företag och för att klara av den ökande konkurrensen måste de arbeta för att uppnå en effektiv produktion. En effektiv produktion har stor betydelse på prestandan och effektiviteten hos en tillverkande organisation, vilket även påverkar organisationens framgång. En känd metod är systematisk layoutplanering som är ett tillvägagångssätt för att lösa problem hos lagerutformningar. Det är viktigt att försöka ta hänsyn till alla aspekter vid en utformning av en effektiv layout med tillhörande produktionsflöde. Med hjälp av litteraturstudier, intervjuer och observationer besvarades syftet och en metodik arbetades fram genom relevant teori gällande effektivisering och utformning av en monteringsfunktion. Metodiken innehåller tre viktiga huvudområden; lagring transport och montering som ska ha som huvudsyfte att effektivisera monteringsfunktionen. Inom de huvudområdena har tio påverkande faktorer tagits fram för att ta hänsyn till de olika krav och förutsättningar som varje huvudområde innefattar. Metodiken tillämpades sedan på Eco Log Sweden AB där först en nulägesanalys utfördes för att identifiera problem och hitta förbättringsförslag i form av alternativa förslag på utformningar av layouter. Det finns tre olika alternativa förslag där en särskilt rekommenderas då den anses ska kunna effektivisera Eco Log Sweden ABs monteringsfunktion på bästa möjliga sätt. Företaget får själva välja den de anser är mest användbar. För att kunna genomföra förbättringsförslagen som tagits fram under studien behövs ett antal investeringar, de finns angivna i en enklare investeringskalkyl. För fortsatta studier rekommenderas det att metodiken utvärderas på fler fallföretag för att öka reliabiliteten, validiteten och generaliserbarheten. Huvudområdena kan utvecklas för att ta hänsyn till fler aspekter. Tre huvudområden togs fram som påverkar en monteringsfunktions effektivitet och utformning. De är lagring, transport och montering.

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Sundström, Oskar. « Multi-Criterion Macro-Siting Analysis of Offshore Wind Farm Potential in Sweden ». Thesis, KTH, Geoinformatik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301667.

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Sverige har en stor potential för produktion av havsbaserad vindkraft. När teknologin utvecklas och de politiska förutsättningar förändras, kommer konstruktionen av havsbaserad vindkraft i landet troligtvis öka. Den presenterade metodologin går ut på att använda MCDM och AHP metoder i ett GIS för att producera en utvärderingskarta för potentiella platser att producera havsbaserad vindenergi. Målet med den här studien har varit att ta reda på vilken data som krävs och är relevant för att överföra svensk samt internationell standard och regler kring placeringen av havsbaserad vindkraft till ett eller flera lager av GIS data inom Sveriges exklusiva ekonomiska zon. Vidare har de existerande riksintressena för havsbaserad vindkraft utvärderats med hjälp av utvärderingskartan. Denna karta har blivit framtagen med hjälp av flertalet buffertzoner samt exkluderings- och fyra stycken utvärderingskriterier. Slutligen har studiens resultat används för att beräkna en potentiell årlig energiproduktion för offshore vindkraft i Sverige. Studien beaktar några av de sociala, tekniska och miljömässiga begränsningar som finns för havsbaserad vindenergi. Buffertzonerna samt exkluderings- och utvärderingskriterierna har bestämts med hjälp av en inledande litteraturstudie av tidigare forskning på ämnet. Den datan som använts i analysen har inhämtats från flera olika öppna onlineresurser samt från svenska myndigheter. Den efterföljande analysen har genomförts med hjälp av programmet QGIS. För att möjliggöra en kvantifiering av resultaten har utvärderings kartan omklassificerats till fyra olika kategorier: “poor”, “average”, “good” samt “excellent”. Studien visar att det är möjligt att överföra svensk samt internationell standard och regler till ett lager av GIS data. Resultatet visar att att enbart 48% av arean inom de definierade riksintressena för havsbaserad vindkraft bör beaktas vid allokering av havsbaserad vindenergi, enligt de begränsningar som definierats i denna studie. Vidare påvisar resultatet att enbart 19% av arean inom de utpekade riksintressena för vindkraft kan klassificeras som “good” eller “excellent”. Samtidigt påvisar studien att 20.3% av studieområdet bedöms som lämpligt för allokering av havsbaserad vindkraft, av dessa lämpliga områden klassificeras 62.7% som “good” och “excellent”. Den potentiella årliga energiproduktionen uppskattas till 56.1 TWh inom riksintressena för havsbaserad vindkraft samt till 915.3 TWh inom hela studieområdet.

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Ahlgren, Rikard, et Wictor Dörrich. « Processutveckling av förslagsverksamheten vid GKN Aerospace Sweden ». Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för maskinteknik och naturvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-7811.

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Företagsvärlden omfattas av hård konkurrens som kräver en ständig utveckling av produkter, personal och verksamheten. Utvecklingen sker på bekostnad av hårda krav i arbetsbeskrivningar där ständigt förbättringsarbete ingår i arbetsrollen hos individerna. För att kunna sammanlänka ständiga förbättringar med verksamhetens välmående behövs ett strukturerat förbättringsarbete i form av en väl fungerande förslagsverksamhet. Förslagsverksamhetens syfte är att utnyttja erfarenheter och kunskaper från alla medarbetare genom att stimulera individernas kompetens och idégenerering för att sedan bidra med innovativa och konkurrensmässiga förbättringsförslag. Personal är en resurs som omfattar säregna kunskaper som inget annat företag kan kopiera, därför bör den användas till högsta grad. Syftet med examensarbetet är att kartlägga och ange förbättringsåtgärder för förslagsverksamhetsprocessen vid GKN Aerospace Sweden AB i Trollhättan. Arbetet bestod av en inledande litteraturstudie som innehöll indirekta och direkta faktorer som påverkar förbättringsarbetet med en koppling till förslagsverksamheters funktioner. För att konkretisera den teoretiska referensramen om verktygens innebörd till förbättringsarbetet utfördes en teoretisk samt en praktisk benchmarking. Företagets nuvarande förslagsverksamhet kartlades och analyserades för att sedan bygga en grund för kommande förbättringsförslag.GKN Aerospace Sweden är en del av GKN-koncernen som är verksam i fler än 30 länder runt om i världen och har ca 50 000 anställda. Företaget tillverkar komponenter till flyg- och raketmotorer samt utför service och underhåll. I dagsläget arbetar GKN Aerospace med en förslagsverksamhet som är beroende helt av ett internt IT-system och har en medelledtid på 43 veckor till beslut om belöning och åtgärd. Belöningar för förslag som inkommer är ekonomiska och beräknas fram genom en specifik belöningsformel. Hela förslagsverksamhetsprocessen är omfattande och i den ingår flertalet loopar för behandling av förslag. Examensarbetet resulterade i förbättringsförslag utifrån studier och nulägesanalys men skiljs åt från det förväntade målet att förbättra och utveckla nuvarande system. Problemet som uppkom var att nuvarande system inte stödjer verksamhetens förväntningar på förslagsverksamheten. Det resulterade i att ett helt nytt system med tillhörande rutiner och belöningsriktlinjer togs fram för att skapa incitament och högre motivation för inlämnandet av förbättringsförslag. Förbättringsförslagen mynnade ut i: avsatt tid, förbättringsarbete i grupp, uppstartsmöte, ny process, underlag för utveckling av nytt IT-system, ekonomisk och symbolisk belöning.
The business world is constantly subject to intense competition that requires continuous development of products, personnel and operations within the company. The development towards a better state comes at the expense of strict requirements in job descriptions where continuous improvement is part of the working role of individuals. In order to link the continuous improvement of the business well-being, there is a need of structured work for improvement in ways of a well-functioning suggestion scheme. Suggestion schemes main purpose is to utilize the experience and knowledge of all employees by encouraging individuals' skills and creativity, which will contribute with innovative and competitive suggestions. Personnel is a resource that covers particular knowledge that no other company can copy; therefore it should be utilized to the maximum extent possible. The aim of the project is to identify and specify improvement measures for the suggestion scheme at GKN Aerospace Sweden AB in Trollhättan. The work consisted of an initial literature review, which included direct and indirect factors effecting the continuous improvement with linkage to the proposed suggestion scheme. In order to concretize the theoretical framework of the tools main purpose for the continuous improvement, a theoretical and a practical benchmarking was utilized. The company's current suggestion scheme was mapped and analyzed, and a foundation for future improvements was established.GKN Aerospace Sweden is part of the GKN Group, which operates in more than 30 countries around the world and employs about 50 000 individuals. The company manufactures components for aircraft and rocket engines, as well as service and maintenance. In the current situation GKN Aerospace manages a suggestion scheme that depends entirely on an internal IT system and has an average lead time of 43 weeks until a decision is made. The reward system for received suggestions is an economic reimbursement calculated through a complex formula. The entire suggestion scheme process is extensive and includes several loops for conducting the evaluation of suggestions. The thesis resulted in improvement propositions based on studies and situation analysis, but differs from the expected target to improve and develop the current system. The problem that arose was that the current system does not support the company's expectations for the suggestion scheme process. It resulted in a completely new system with associated procedures and reward guidelines were developed to create incentives and higher motivation for the submission of suggestions for improvement. The improvement propositions resulted in: dedicated time for improvements, group-based activities for continuous improvements, start-up meetings, new process, basis for the development of a new IT system, economic and symbolic rewards.Date: 2015-

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Shreya, Shivangi. « Water Quality Protection - A Comparative Study of India and Sweden ». Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210926.

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This report is a comparative study of ground water and surface water quality protection of a developing country India and a developed country Sweden. It covers the basic water policies, laws, rules, regulations and human right to water provisions in both the countries. The main aim of this report is to compare water quality approaches in India and Sweden and find out the best possible practices in each country and assess the need & feasibility of their application in the other. It describes the present water laws in both the countries and discusses about the present scenario of ground water and surface water quality, problems in ground water and surface water and how to deal with the problems in an efficient and sustainable way. It includes role of EU Water Framework Directive (EU WFD) in water quality protection in Sweden. Some interviews with stakeholders who are working in the water sector in Sweden are also included here. The main focus of this report is to analyse comparatively the present situation of water quality protection approaches and make recommendation for improvement of water quality. It focuses on “What can a developing country like India can learn from a developed country like Sweden for water quality protection?” and “Which things Sweden can adopt from India for water quality protection?” In this study India is found in worse environmental condition than Sweden. Indian ground water and surface water is more polluted than Swedish surface and ground water. Sweden is in much better condition than India and this country has more environmental concern too. In India, the basic reason for deterioration of water quality is lack of environment friendly attitude among the public, religious activities in water, corruption, loss of traditional methods of water conservation and protection, useless and unnecessary westernisation etc. In Sweden the basic cause of water quality deterioration is eutrophication in lakes, climate change, morphological changes, presence of metals and connectivity changes due to construction works, acidification etc. Sweden is an advanced country having the foresight for environmental concerns. They are doing research for betterment of water quality. India can learn some technological advancement and proper implementation of community participation in order to establish decentralised wastewater treatment plants and beneficial production and monitoring of energy resources from wastewater. Maintenance of online database for water is also a good thing to learn from Sweden.

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Sjöholm, Jennie. « Heritagisation, re-heritagisation and de-heritagisation of built environments : The urban transformation of Kiruna, Sweden ». Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Arkitektur och vatten, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26065.

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This doctoral thesis presents research that aimed to contribute to the understanding of heritagisation in built environments and how heritagisation interacts with structural changes to an environment. The theoretical framework of the research was based on heritagisation, a concept defined by Harrison (2013) as the process through which objects, places and practices are turned into cultural heritage. The research was part of a single case study investigating conceptualisations of built heritage during the urban transformation of the town of Kiruna. Kiruna is a mining town in the northernmost part of Sweden that has plans to be relocated so that the mining company LKAB can continue mining the iron ore deposit that extends underneath the settlement. Kiruna is also a designated heritage site since the 1980s, and includes a large number of protected buildings. Hence, it is of interest how the built heritage is managed during the urban planning process. This is not only because the urban planning situation, which includes the relocation of an entire town, is special, but also because the town’s built heritage inevitably will change during the urban transformation. The research underlying this thesis has followed heritagisation during the urban transformation, from 2004, when the urban transformation was announced, until 2015. The empirical data used consist of planning documents, media reporting and observations, which together provide an overall view of the public discussions over the course of the urban planning process. Findings from the Kiruna case study show that the town’s officially recognised built heritage corresponds with the concept of an authorised heritage discourse (AHD). This heritage discourse was challenged by the urban transformation. Conservation goals are not clearly stated in the urban planning process and there are differing ideas for how to manage historic buildings during the urban transformation. These ideas shift both over time and between stakeholders, and the outcome of the urban planning process depends on a balance between the discourses of heritage conservation, urban development and architectural production. During the urban planning process some parts of the town’s official heritage have been reaffirmed as built heritage, while others have been dismissed. The concept of heritagisation was adopted and developed throughout the research presented in this thesis. This research also introduced the concepts of re-heritagisation and de-heritagisation, which refer to new heritagisation processes that occur when built heritage is contested and challenged during urban change. One of the main conclusions of the research was that the changes in meaning during the heritagisation process can be divided into four dimensions to analyse the complicated relationship between different interests and strategies in urban planning. Heritagisation can refer to: the addition of new heritage; reaffirmation of already designated heritage; re-interpretation of already designated heritage; rejection of previous designated heritage.
Godkänd; 2016; 20160314 (jensjo); Nedanstående person kommer att disputera för avläggande av filosofie doktorsexamen. Namn: Jennie Sjöholm Ämne: Arkitektur/Architecture Avhandling: Heritagisation, Re-Heritagisation and De-Heritagisation of Built Environments The Urban Transformation of Kiruna, Sweden Opponent: Professor Peter Larkham, Head of Resilient Environments Centre, School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, Storbritannien, UK. Ordförande: Professor Kristina Nilsson, Avd för arkitektur och vatten, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Luleå tekniska universitet, Luleå tekniska universitet. Tid: Fredag 13 maj 2016, kl 10.00 Plats: E632, Luleå tekniska universitet

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Nikmehr, Abbas. « Different Approaches to Sustainability Assessment and Applying life cycle Assessment for a Building in Sweden ». Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263212.

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The building industry has always been an attractive and influential topic in the energy consumption and using natural resources. This study is formed due to Sweden has program to increase energy efficiency in the building industries until 2020. And the energy consumption will be considered and assessed the life cycle of a building. The study is divided into two parts, rating labelling system and assesses the sustainability of a building, with the main focus on the second part. The building with the selected material according to Sweden construction standard and knowledge of skilled people are formed and assumed in Uppsala.As the result shows, energy consumption in the use of the building have the higher negative environmental impact compared to the construction of the building. Therefore, increasing the energy efficiency requires increased power generation efficiency and the increase buildings energy efficiency. Use of renewable energy like wind and solar energy can be an effective solution. Also, changing consumption pattern and using new technologies are considered as a means of reducing energy consumption.

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Hansson, Rebecka. « The outlook for HL7 FHIR profiles in Sweden ». Thesis, KTH, Medicinteknik och hälsosystem, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-246003.

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The Vision for eHealth infers that Sweden should be best in the world to utilize the opportunities of the digitization by 2025. One of three particularly important areas of action to realize the vision is standardization of e.g. exchange of information. HL7 FHIR is a modern standard for interoperability within e-health. HL7 FHIR enables the exchange of information between different healthcare information systems in an easy way. The basic building blocks in HL7 FHIR are called resources. These represent healthcare entities of some kind, e.g. Patient, Medication, Care plan, and Device. A base set of resources should either together, or by themselves, be able to satisfy the most common use cases in healthcare. A set of rules about a resource's content is called a profile, which is used for defining extensions and constraints on a resource. Profiles can be used to customize the standard to everything from a small local use-case to characteristics common for a whole country, so-called national profiles. This master thesis project sought to investigate the opportunities and restrictions with HL7 FHIR profiling by mapping the outlook of e-health stakeholders in Sweden. The project conducted a mixed method approach. Surveys were sent out to regions, county councils and private caregivers and interviews were held with national stakeholders, industry suppliers, HL7 Sweden and subject experts. The qualitative data was processed through a thematic analysis and the quantitative data was processed through a descriptive analysis. The results showed that there were positive views on governing and maintaining HL7 FHIR and FHIR profiling on a national level and to the establishment of national FHIR profiles. However, questions remain on how it shold be done. Among caregivers there were in general positive attitudes towards HL7 FHIR as a standard for interoperability and towards a possible implementation. However, the implementation level was low and specific knowledge of HL7 FHIR profiles is yet needed.
Vision e-Hälsa 2025 innebär att Sverige ska vara bäst i världen på att utnyttja möjligheterna med digitaliseringen år 2025. Ett av tre särskilt viktiga handlingsområden för att förverkliga visionen är standardisering, t.ex. av utbyte av information. HL7 FHIR är en modern standard för interoperabilitet inom e-hälsa och möjliggör utbyte av information mellan olika hälsoinformationssystem på ett enkelt sätt. De grundläggande byggstenarna i HL7 FHIR kallas resurser. Dessa representerar hälso- och sjukvårdsentiteter av något slag, t.ex. Patient, Medicin, Vårdplan och Apparat. En basuppsättning av resurser ska antingen tillsammans eller i sig själva kunna tillgodose de vanligaste användningsfallen inom hälso- och sjukvård. En uppsättning regler om en resurs innehåll kallas för profil och används för att definiera tillägg och begränsningar på en resurs. Profiler kan användas för att anpassa standarden till allt från ett litet lokalt användningsfall till egenskaper som är gemensamma för ett helt land, så kallade nationella profiler. Detta masterexamensarbete ämnade undersöka möjligheter och begränsningar med HL7 FHIR-profilering genom att kartlägga utsikterna för ehälso-aktörer i Sverige. I projektet genomfördes en mixad metodinriktning, i vilken enkäter skickades ut till regioner, landsting och privata vårdgivare och intervjuer hölls med nationella intressenter, leverantörer, HL7 Sverige och ämnesexperter. Kvalitativ data genomgick en tematisk analys och kvantitativ data genomgick en deskriptiv analys. Resultatet visade på en generellt positiv attityd gentemot ett framtagande och förvaltande av HL7 FHIR och FHIR-profiler på nationell nivå och införande av nationella FHIR-profiler. Däremot kvarstår frågor om hur det ska realiseras. Bland vårdgivare var det generellt positiva attityder gentemot HL7 FHIR som en standard för interoperabilitet och en eventuell implementation. Däremot var den generella implementationsnivån låg och ytterligare kunskap om HL7 FHIR-profiler behövs.

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Korssell, Christine. « Statistical modeling of stochastic consumption imbalances for the four bidding areas in Sweden ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263869.

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The Nordic power system is a synchronous power grid where there alwaysneeds to be balance between electricity consumption and production to keepthe frequency at the nominal value of 50 Hz. The Swedish transmission systemoperator (TSO) Svenska kraftnät (Svk) is responsible for maintaining balancein Sweden. In case of an imbalance, Svk has purchased frequency reserves tostop and restore the frequency to normal operation. In this project, an imbalanceis defined as the difference between measured electricity power volumesand trades.This master thesis has been made in partnership with Svenska kraftnät duringthe spring 2019, with the aim to develop a model with focus on stochastic consumptionimbalance and thereby be able to better predict future imbalances.A common method for the project has been developed together with anothermaster student doing his master thesis about wind power imbalances at Svk.The method has been applied to both of the subjects.The results show that it is possible to capture the defined behaviour of thestochastic imbalances to some extent, and also to scale the imbalances for predictingfuture imbalances. Trends of the stochastic imbalances are predictedto be stable and quite constant for the years 2019-2023 according to the results.
Det nordiska kraftsystemet är ett synkront kraftnät där det alltid behöver varabalans mellan elförbrukning och elproduktion för att hålla frekvensen på nominelltvärde på 50 Hz. Den svenska transmissionssystemoperatören (TSO)Svenska kraftnät (Svk) ansvarar för att upprätthålla balans i Sverige. Vid obalanshar Svk köpt frekvensreserver för att återställa frekvensen till normal drift.I detta projekt definieras en obalans som skillnaden mellan uppmätta volymeroch handelsvolymer.Detta examensarbete har gjorts i samarbete med Svenska kraftnät under våren2019, med målet att utveckla en modell med fokus på stokastisk konsumtionsobalansoch därmed bättre kunna förutsäga framtida obalanser. En gemensammetod för projektet har utvecklats tillsammans med en annan masterstudentsom gjort sitt examensarbete om vindkraftsobalanser på Svk. Metoden har använtsför båda projekten.Resultaten visar att det är möjligt att fånga det definierade beteendet hos denskapade modellen, och även att skala obalansen för att förutsäga framtida obalanser.Trender för de stokastiska obalanserna förutspås vara stabila och konstantaför åren 2019-2023 enligt resultaten.

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Åwall, David, et Otto Alm. « Utveckling av byggemenskap i Sverige : Development of Joint Building Venture in Sweden ». Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-45507.

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Syftet med detta examensarbete är att redogöra förutsättningarna för ett genombrott av bygggemenskap i Sverige med fokus på Örebro. Arbetet beskriver vilka för- och nackdelar med byggemenskap som talar för respektive emot ett genombrott, samt vilka åtgärder som kan göras för att underlätta ett genombrott. Nödvändig teori för analysarbetet insamlades genom att besöka Freiburg i byggemenskapernas hemland, Tyskland, och där intervjua en konsultbyrå som initierar och ger råd om bygggemenskaper. Även i Sverige intervjuades personer med god kunskap om ämnet och på så vis kunde jämförelser och slutsatser dras mellan byggemenskaper i Sverige och Tyskland. Ytterligare teori hämtades från litteratur. Det som talar för ett genombrott av byggemenskaper är: • Möjligheten att utforma sitt eget boende. • Bo i ett individanpassat hem i städernas centrala delar. • Kunna välja grannar innan inflyttning. • Att det är ekonomiskt fördelaktigt med byggemenskap. Det som talar emot ett genombrott av byggemenskaper är: • Projekten tar ofta lång tid och är svåra att på förhand prissätta. • Gruppdynamik och samspel i gruppen kan vara ett problem då det är svårt att komma överens om vissa frågor medlemmarna har olika uppfattning om. • Problematiskt att hitta människor som vill gå med i en byggemenskap med liknande uppfattning om utformning och funktion på det blivande huset. Åtgärder för att underlätta ett genombrott i Sverige är: • Att stöd ges från kommunen genom att byggemenskaper får förtur på köp och val av mark. • Till viss del att människor som vill bli medlemmar i en byggemenskap enklare kan finna varandra. • Att vinna bankernas förtroende till boendeformen och på så sätt få dem beredda att enklare lämna krediter.
The purpose with this thesis is to outline the probability of joint building ventures having a breakthrough in Sweden with focus on Örebro. This thesis describes the pros and cons with joint building ventures and how these speak in favour for a breakthrough. Also, it describes what can be done to ease a breakthrough. Necessary data for the analysis was collected by visiting the city of Freiburg in Germany, the homeland of joint building ventures, and interview a consulting firm, which initiates and gives advice about joint building ventures. Also in Sweden, people with good knowledge on the subject were interviewed in order to provide information necessary to make conclusions and comparisons between joint building ventures in Sweden and Germany. Further data was collected from literature. Reasons speaking in favour for a breakthrough are: • The opportunity of designing your own house. • Live in a personalized home in the city’s central parts. • Getting the chance to choose who are going to become your neighbours. • Economically advantageous. Reasons speaking against a breakthrough are: • Hard to precalculate the cost and time for the project. • Group dynamics and interaction within the group could be a problem when the members have different opinions. • Hard to find other people willing to join a joint building venture who have got the same ideas of how to design the house, what kind of materials to use etc. What can be done to ease a breakthrough in Sweden? • Support from the municipality, giving joint building ventures priority to choose and buy ground. • Make it easier for people who want to join a joint building ventures to find each other. • Get full faith in joint building ventures from the banks in order to easier get credits.

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Gazula, Sriharsha, et Anil Kumar Vadali. « Comparison of Public Tender Process between Sweden and India ». Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2477.

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Context. Public procurement is an important factor in procurement of products and services by government organizations. It also helps in protection of corruption by applying the principles of non-discrimination and transparency for procurement of Software products and services along with their distribution and maintenance. As India has its own procurement laws and policies, international bidders who wish to participate in procurement cannot take part in the procurement. Also there is a need to verify how the pragmatic requirements can be used in India to maintain non-discrimination. Due to this it has become a challenge to maintain fairness and transparency in its rules and policies. Objectives. This study mainly investigates the differences between procurement process in India and Sweden. The study also identifies the changes that India should adopt in order to be a member of WTO. Methods. In order to conduct this study, a literature review is used to find the public procurement processes in India and Sweden. This is followed by a case study by conducting interviews with industrial practitioners and to validate the above said process with artifact analysis. Results. The contributions are the differences in procurement process of India when compared to Sweden, which is a member of WTO GPA. Recommendations are made to make India to comply with WTO GPA. Conclusions. The study helped in understanding the procurement process in India and Sweden. From the study it is clear that some rules and regulations in India that are used for procurement process lack transparency and non-discrimination. To avoid this India should make a fair procurement policy which is in compliance with WTO GPA. This makes the global suppliers to participate in the software procurements of India. As a result companies can procure new technologies for their software needs.

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