Bibliographies thématiques / Empirical calibration

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Empirical calibration »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023
Mis à jour le 11 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Empirical calibration"

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Millward, Christopher G., et Gordon A. H. Walker. « An Empirical Hγ - Luminosity Calibration ». Symposium - International Astronomical Union 111 (1985) : 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900079006.

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High signal-to-noise Reticon spectra for 87 members of 8 open clusters and associations together with 37 stars having reliable parallaxes (early A-type stars with reliable trigonometric parallaxes, eclipsing binaries, and visual binaries) have been used to calibrate the W(Hγ)-Mv relation for spectral types 0 to early A of luminosity classes III-V. The new calibration has a mean probable dispersion of ±0.28 mag. The distance modulus of the Pleiades is 5.54 ± 0.06 mag, which is in excellent agreement with other, recent determinations, as are the distance moduli for all the calibrating clusters. The use of visual-binary parallaxes implies a Hyades distance modulus of about 3.0 which is significantly smaller than the Hanson (1980) value of 3.30 mag. Although no spectral-type corrections are necessary, stellar evolution probably affects the construction of the new calibration and special care should be taken when determining distance moduli from slightly evolved cluster sequences or for individual stars. Systematic departures from the calibration may be present for stars with Vsin i ≥ 220–250 km/sec. Significant residuals are found between our values of W(Hγ) and those of Petrie in the range 1–13 Å equivalent width, which are due in part to systematic errors in Petrie's W(Hγ) measures. Our distance modulus of 11.11 mag for NGC 2244 is in excellent agreement with the photometric distance. The new calibration is compared to other early type star calibrations for main sequence stars. It is 1.2 mag brighter than Petrie's (1965) Hγ calibration at spectral type 06 and 0.7 mag brighter at A3. For types B1 and earlier the new calibration averages 0.4 mag brighter than the Balona and Crampton (1974) Hγ calibration. There is generally good agreement with the Blaauw (1963) MK calibration although the latter is 0.4 mag brighter at spectral type BO. The Crawford (1978) Hβ calibration is up to 0.5 mag brighter for the earlier spectral types and 0.4 mag fainter for later types. More complete discussions of the Hγ-luminosity calibration are available in Millward and Walker (1984, 1985).
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Dawid, A. P. « Calibration-Based Empirical Probability ». Annals of Statistics 13, no 4 (décembre 1985) : 1251–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/aos/1176349736.

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Berardi, Michele, et Jaqueson K. Galimberti. « Empirical calibration of adaptive learning ». Journal of Economic Behavior & ; Organization 144 (décembre 2017) : 219–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2017.10.004.

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Hansen, Lars Peter, et James J. Heckman. « The Empirical Foundations of Calibration ». Journal of Economic Perspectives 10, no 1 (1 février 1996) : 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.10.1.87.

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Interest in simulating recently developed dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models of the economy stimulated a demand for parameters. This has given rise to calibration as advocated by Finn E. Kydland and Edward C. Prescott (1982). This paper explores the implicit assumptions underlying their calibration method. The authors question that there is a ready supply of micro estimates available to calibrate macroeconomic models. Measures of parameter uncertainty and specification sensitivity should be routinely reported. They propose a more symbiotic role for calibration as providing signals to microeconomists about important gaps in knowledge, which when filled will solidify the empirical underpinning, improving the credibility of the quantitative output.
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Schervish, Mark J. « Discussion : Calibration-Based Empirical Probability ». Annals of Statistics 13, no 4 (décembre 1985) : 1274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/aos/1176349737.

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Dawid, A. P. « Rejoinder : Calibration-Based Empirical Probability ». Annals of Statistics 13, no 4 (décembre 1985) : 1282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/aos/1176349738.

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Raut, Bipin, Morakot Kaewmanee, Amit Angal, Xiaoxiong Xiong et Dennis Helder. « Empirical Absolute Calibration Model for Multiple Pseudo-Invariant Calibration Sites ». Remote Sensing 11, no 9 (9 mai 2019) : 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11091105.

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This work extends an empirical absolute calibration model initially developed for the Libya 4 Pseudo-Invariant Calibration Site (PICS) to five additional Saharan Desert PICS (Egypt 1, Libya 1, Niger 1, Niger 2, and Sudan 1), and demonstrates the efficacy of the resulting models at predicting sensor top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance. It attempts to generate absolute calibration models for these PICS that have an accuracy and precision comparable to or better than the current Libya 4 model, with the intent of providing additional opportunities for sensor calibration. In addition, this work attempts to validate the general applicability of the model to other sites. The method uses Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) as the reference radiometer and Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) Hyperion image data to provide a representative hyperspectral reflectance profile of the PICS. Data from a region of interest (ROI) in an “optimal region” of 3% temporal, spatial, and spectral stability within the PICS are used for developing the model. The developed models were used to simulate observations of the Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), Landsat 8 (L8) Operational Land Imager (OLI), Sentinel 2A (S2A) MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) and Sentinel 2B (S2B) MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) from their respective launch date through 2018. The models developed for the Egypt 1, Libya 1 and Sudan 1 PICS have an estimated accuracy of approximately 3% and precision of approximately 2% for the sensors used in the study, comparable to the current Libya 4 model. The models developed for the Niger 1 and Niger 2 sites are significantly less accurate with similar precision.
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Chrysanthopoulou, Stavroula A., Carolyn M. Rutter et Constantine A. Gatsonis. « Bayesian versus Empirical Calibration of Microsimulation Models : A Comparative Analysis ». Medical Decision Making 41, no 6 (8 mai 2021) : 714–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x211009161.

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Calibration of a microsimulation model (MSM) is a challenging but crucial step for the development of a valid model. Numerous calibration methods for MSMs have been suggested in the literature, most of which are usually adjusted to the specific needs of the model and based on subjective criteria for the selection of optimal parameter values. This article compares 2 general approaches for calibrating MSMs used in medical decision making, a Bayesian and an empirical approach. We use as a tool the MIcrosimulation Lung Cancer (MILC) model, a streamlined, continuous-time, dynamic MSM that describes the natural history of lung cancer and predicts individual trajectories accounting for age, sex, and smoking habits. We apply both methods to calibrate MILC to observed lung cancer incidence rates from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. We compare the results from the 2 methods in terms of the resulting parameter distributions, model predictions, and efficiency. Although the empirical method proves more practical, producing similar results with smaller computational effort, the Bayesian method resulted in a calibrated model that produced more accurate outputs for rare events and is based on a well-defined theoretical framework for the evaluation and interpretation of the calibration outcomes. A combination of the 2 approaches is an alternative worth considering for calibrating complex predictive models, such as microsimulation models.
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Piedehierro, A. A., M. L. Cancillo, J. M. Vilaplana et A. Serrano. « Long-Term Global Irradiance Calibration of Multifilter UV Radiometers ». Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 36, no 12 (décembre 2019) : 2415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-18-0132.1.

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AbstractMultifilter instruments such as the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU)-UV Irradiance Meter (NILU-UV) are suitable for long-term monitoring of UV radiation, as long as their irradiance scale is maintained. The sensitivity of these instruments varies with time; thus, periodic standard absolute calibrations are required. However, standard calibrations may be insufficient to characterize the short-term variations of channels sensitivity. Therefore, results from standard calibrations have to be combined with the information derived from frequent relative calibrations, leading to a stable irradiance scale. This paper focuses on the long-term application of three calibration methods, hereinafter referred to as CC, CC2, and CC2(ϕ), as applied to the NILU-UV 119 multifilter radiometer. Here a generalization is proposed, consisting of using empirical functions in order to guarantee the accurate calibration of multifilter instruments over long time periods. These function-based methods need to be updated regularly to account for changes on instrument sensitivity. The changes in sensitivity of the NILU-UV 119 were found to be channel dependent. The detected drifts range from 23% to 42% for a 4-yr period of study. Time series of calibrated irradiance are obtained by applying the proposed methods. Results suggest that calibration methods using empirical functions perform better than classic calibration approaches that use constant calibration factors. When methods CC2 and CC2(ϕ) are applied, calibrated irradiances agree with the measurements of reference within ±5% for channel 305 and within ±3% for channels 312, 320, and 340.
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George, EdwardI. « Calibration and empirical Bayes variable selection ». Biometrika 87, no 4 (1 décembre 2000) : 731–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/87.4.731.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Empirical calibration"

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Priest, Angela Lynn Timm David Harold. « Calibration of fatigue transfer functions for mechanistic-empirical flexible pavement design ». Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/PRIEST_ANGELA_32.pdf.

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Sufian, Abu Ahmed. « Local calibration of the mechanistic empirical pavement design guide for Kansas ». Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34533.

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Master of Science
Department of Civil Engineering
Mustaque Hossain
The Kansas Department of Transportation is transitioning from adherence to the 1993 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Pavement Design Guide to implementation of the new AASHTO Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) for flexible and rigid pavement design. This study was initiated to calibrate MEPDG distress models for Kansas. Twenty-seven newly constructed projects were selected for flexible pavement distress model calibration, 21 of which were used for calibration and six that were selected for validation. In addition, 22 newly constructed jointed plain concrete pavements (JPCPs) were selected to calibrate rigid models; 17 of those projects were selected for calibration and five were selected for validation. AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design (ver. 2.2) software was used for design analysis, and the traditional split sampling method was followed in calibration. MEPDG-predicted distresses of Kansas road segments were compared with those from Pavement Management Information System data. Statistical analysis was performed using the Microsoft Excel statistical toolbox. The rutting and roughness models for flexible pavement were successfully calibrated with reduced bias and accepted null hypothesis. Calibration of the top-down fatigue cracking model was not satisfactory due to variability in measured data, and the bottom-up fatigue cracking model was not calibrated because measured data was unavailable. AASHTOWare software did not predict transverse cracking for any projects with global values. Thus thermal cracking model was not calibrated. The JPCP transverse joint faulting model was calibrated using sensitivity analysis and iterative runs of AASHTOWare to determine optimal coefficients that minimize bias. The IRI model was calibrated using the generalized reduced gradient nonlinear optimization technique in Microsoft Excel Solver. The transverse slab cracking model could not be calibrated due to lack of measured cracking data.
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Cimino, Joseph A. « Empirical mass balance calibration of analytical hydrograph separation techniques using electrical conductivity ». [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000213.

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Nguyen, Minh Khoa. « Estimation and calibration of agent-based models of financial markets using empirical likelihood ». Thesis, University of Essex, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.617040.

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This thesis introduces the eBAEL (extended Empirical Balanced Augmented Likelihood) method for general analytical moment conditions. It proves that eBAEL has a X2 - limit distribution and provides a consistent estimator. Numerical results demonstrate that the eBAEL ratio statistics exhibits less bias than AEL ratio statistics and has smaller type I errors. This thesis also presents a general framework for calibrating financial agent-based models using eBAEL, where the aim is to find the model parameter for which the true model moments match the given empirical values. It is demonstrated that our proposed approach is able to retrieve that parameter with probability approaching one as the number of simulations increase. Furthermore this thesis demonstrates that the EL approach may also be used for estimating financial agent-based models. In contrast to calibration, estimation via moment matching in particular emphasizes that empirical moments are estimates themselves and the aim is to find a parameter configuration for which the true model moments and true empirical moments coincide. As a numerical benchmark case, the parameters of a Geometric Brownian Motion are calibrated and estimated from its simulated sample paths in comparison to the SMM. In this case the EL approach is able to provide the best mean squared errors for both calibration and estimation and in particular is the most robust calibration method. In terms of calibration efficiency this robustness holds figuratively, as the SMM is only more efficient in cases where it provides worse mean squared errors. Additionally, this thesis also estimates an actual agent-based model of a financial market against empirical moments that are generated at some known model parameter setting. Similarly, the resulting EL mean squared errors are mostly better than those of the SMM.
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Lu, Min. « A Study of the Calibration Regression Model with Censored Lifetime Medical Cost ». Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/math_theses/14.

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Medical cost has received increasing interest recently in Biostatistics and public health. Statistical analysis and inference of life time medical cost have been challenging by the fact that the survival times are censored on some study subjects and their subsequent cost are unknown. Huang (2002) proposed the calibration regression model which is a semiparametric regression tool to study the medical cost associated with covariates. In this thesis, an inference procedure is investigated using empirical likelihood ratio method. The unadjusted and adjusted empirical likelihood confidence regions are constructed for the regression parameters. We compare the proposed empirical likelihood methods with normal approximation based method. Simulation results show that the proposed empirical likelihood ratio method outperforms the normal approximation based method in terms of coverage probability. In particular, the adjusted empirical likelihood is the best one which overcomes the under coverage problem.
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Gairing, Jan, Michael Högele, Tetiana Kosenkova et Alexei Kulik. « On the calibration of Lévy driven time series with coupling distances : an application in paleoclimate ». Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/6978/.

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This article aims at the statistical assessment of time series with large fluctuations in short time, which are assumed to stem from a continuous process perturbed by a Lévy process exhibiting a heavy tail behavior. We propose an easily implementable procedure to estimate efficiently the statistical difference between the noisy behavior of the data and a given reference jump measure in terms of so-called coupling distances. After a short introduction to Lévy processes and coupling distances we recall basic statistical approximation results and derive rates of convergence. In the sequel the procedure is elaborated in detail in an abstract setting and eventually applied in a case study to simulated and paleoclimate data. It indicates the dominant presence of a non-stable heavy-tailed jump Lévy component for some tail index greater than 2.
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Cimino, Joseph A. (Joseph Anthony). « Empirical mass balance calibration of analytical hydrograph separation techniques using electrical conductivity [electronic resource] / by Joseph A. Cimino ». University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000213.

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ABSTRACT: Analytical baseflow separation techniques such as those used in the automated hydrograph separation program HYSEP rely on a single input parameter that defines the period of time after which surface runoff ceases and all streamflow is considered baseflow. In HYSEP, this input parameter is solely a function of drainage basin contributing area. This method cannot be applied universally since in most regions the time of surface runoff cessation is a function of a number of different hydrologic and hydrogeologic basin characteristics, not just contributing drainage area. This study demonstrates that streamflow conductivity can be used as a natural tracer that integrates the different hydrologic and hydrogeologic basin characteristics that influence baseflow response. Used as an indicator of baseflow as a component of total flow, streamflow conductivity allows for an empirical approach to hydrograph separation using a simple mass balance algorithm.
ABSTRACT: Although conductivity values for surface-water runoff and ground-water baseflow must be identified to apply this mass balance algorithm, field studies show that assumptions based on streamflow at low flow and high flow conditions are valid for estimating these end member conductivities. The only data required to apply the mass balance algorithm are streamflow conductivity and discharge measurements. Using minimal data requirements, empirical hydrograph separation techniques can be applied that yield reasonable estimates of baseflow. This procedure was performed on data from 10 USGS gaging stations for which reliable, real-time conductivity data are available. Comparison of empirical hydrograph separations using streamflow conductivity data with analytical hydrograph separations demonstrates that uncalibrated, graphical estimation of baseflow can lead to substantial errors in baseflow estimates.
ABSTRACT: Results from empirical separations can be used to calibrate the runoff cessation input parameter used in analytical separation for each gaging station. In general, collection of stream conductivity data at gaging stations is relatively recent, while discharge measurements may extend many decades into the past. Results demonstrate that conductivity data available for a relatively short period of record can be used to calibrate the runoff cessation input parameter used for analytical separation. The calibrated analytical method can then be applied over a much longer period record since discharge data are the only requirement.
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Flores, Ignacio. « On the empirical measurement of inequality ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E003/document.

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Le 1er chapitre présente une série de 50 ans sur les hauts revenus chiliens basée sur des données fiscales et comptes nationaux. L’étude contredit les enquêtes, selon lesquelles les inégalités diminuent les 25 dernières années. Au contraire, elles changent de direction à partir de 2000. Le Chili est parmi les pays les plus inégalitaires de l’OCDE et l’Amérique latine. Le 2ème chapitre mesure la sous-estimation des revenus factoriels dans les données distributives. Les ménages ne reçoivent que 50% des revenus du capital brut, par opposition aux firmes. L’hétérogénéité des taux de réponse et autres problèmes font que les enquêtes ne capturent que 20% de ceux-ci, contre 70% du revenu du travail. Cela sous-estime l’inégalité,dont les estimations deviennent insensibles à la "capital share" et sa distribution. Je formalise à partir d’identités comptables pour ensuite calculer des effets marginaux et contributions aux variations d’inégalité. Le 3ème chapitre présente une méthode pour ajuster les enquêtes. Celles-ci capturent souvent mal le sommet de la distribution. La méthode présente plusieurs avantages par rapport aux options précédentes : elle est compatible avec les méthodes de calibration standard ; elle a des fondements probabilistes explicites et préserve la continuité des fonctions de densité ; elle offre une option pour surmonter les limites des supports d’enquête bornées; et elle préserve la structure de micro données en préservant la représentativité des variables sociodémographiques. Notre procédure est illustrée par des applications dans cinq pays, couvrant à la fois des contextes développés et moins développés
The 1st chapter presents historical series of Chilean top income shares over a period of half a century, mostly using data from tax statistics and national accounts. The study contradicts evidence based on survey data, according to which inequality has fallen constantly over the past 25 years. Rather, it changes direction, increasing from around the year 2000. Chile ranks as one of the most unequal countries among both OECD and Latin American countries over the whole period of study. The 2nd chapter measures the underestimation of factor income in distributive data. I find that households receive only half of national gross capital income,as opposed to corporations. Due to heterogeneous non-response and misreporting, Surveys only capture 20% of it, vs. 70% of labor income. This understates inequality estimates, which become insensitive to the capital share and its distribution. I formalize this system based on accounting identities. I then compute marginal effects and contributions to changes in fractile shares. The 3rd chapter, presents a method to adjust surveys. These generally fail to capturethe top of the income distribution. It has several advantages over previous ones: it is consistent with standard survey calibration methods; it has explicit probabilistic foundations and preserves the continuity of density functions; it provides an option to overcome the limitations of bounded survey-supports; and it preserves the microdata structure of the survey
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Brimley, Bradford Keith. « Calibration of the Highway Safety Manual Safety Performance Function and Development of Jurisdiction-Specific Models for Rural Two-Lane Two-Way Roads in Utah ». BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2611.

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This thesis documents the results of the calibration of the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) safety performance function (SPF) for rural two-lane two-way roadway segments in Utah and the development of new SPFs using negative binomial and hierarchical Bayesian modeling techniques. SPFs estimate the safety of a roadway entity, such as a segment or intersection, in terms of number of crashes. The new SPFs were developed for comparison to the calibrated HSM SPF. This research was performed for the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT).The study area was the state of Utah. Crash data from 2005-2007 on 157 selected study segments provided a 3-year observed crash frequency to obtain a calibration factor for the HSM SPF and develop new SPFs. The calibration factor for the HSM SPF for rural two-lane two-way roads in Utah is 1.16. This indicates that the HSM underpredicts the number of crashes on rural two-lane two-way roads in Utah by sixteen percent. The new SPFs were developed from the same data that were collected for the HSM calibration, with the addition of new data variables that were hypothesized to have a significant effect on crash frequencies. Negative binomial regression was used to develop four new SPFs, and one additional SPF was developed using hierarchical (or full) Bayesian techniques. The empirical Bayes (EB) method can be applied with each negative binomial SPF because the models include an overdispersion parameter used with the EB method. The hierarchical Bayesian technique is a newer, more mathematically-intense method that accounts for high levels of uncertainty often present in crash modeling. Because the hierarchical Bayesian SPF produces a density function of a predicted crash frequency, a comparison of this density function with an observed crash frequency can help identify segments with significant safety concerns. Each SPF has its own strengths and weaknesses, which include its data requirements and predicting capability. This thesis recommends that UDOT use Equation 5-11 (a new negative binomial SPF) for predicting crashes, because it predicts crashes with reasonable accuracy while requiring much less data than other models. The hierarchical Bayesian process should be used for evaluating observed crash frequencies to identify segments that may benefit from roadway safety improvements.
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Rebecq, Antoine. « Méthodes de sondage pour les données massives ». Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100014/document.

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Cette thèse présente trois parties liées à la théorie des sondages. La première partie présente deux résultats originaux de sondages qui ont eu des applications pratiques dans des enquêtes par sondage de l'Insee. Le premier article présente un théorème autorisant un plan de sondage stratifié constituant un compromis entre la dispersion des poids et l'allocation de précision optimale pour une variable d'intérêt spécifique. Les données d’enquête sont souvent utilisées pour estimer nombre de totaux ou modèles issus de variables exclues du design. La précision attendue pour ces variables est donc faible, mais une faible dispersion des poids permet de limiter les risques qu'une estimation dépendant d'une de ces variables ait une très mauvaise précision. Le second article concerne le facteur de repondération dans les estimateurs par calage. On propose un algorithme efficace capable de calculer les facteurs de poids les plus rapprochés autour de 1 tels qu'une solution au problème de calage existe. Cela permet de limiter les risques d'apparition d'unités influentes, particulièrement pour l'estimation sur des domaines. On étudie par simulations sur données réelles les propriétés statistiques des estimateurs obtenus. La seconde partie concerne l'étude des propriétés asymptotique des estimateurs sur données issues de sondage. Celles-ci sont difficiles à étudier en général. On présente une méthode originale qui établit la convergence faible vers un processus gaussien pour le processus empirique d'Horvitz-Thompson indexé par des classes de fonction, pour de nombreux algorithmes de sondage différents utilisés en pratique. Dans la dernière partie, on s'intéresse à des méthodes de sondage pour des données issues de graphes, qui ont des applications pratiques lorsque les graphes sont de taille telles que leur exploitation informatique est coûteuse. On détaille des algorithmes de sondage permettant d'estimer des statistiques d'intérêt pour le réseaux. Deux applications, à des données de Twitter puis à des données simulées, concluent cette partie
This thesis presents three different parts with ties to survey sampling theory. In the first part, we present two original results that led to practical applications in surveys conducted at Insee (French official statistics Institute). The first chapter deals with allocations in stratified sampling. We present a theorem that proves the existence of an optimal compromise between the dispersion of the sampling weights and the allocation yielding optimal precision for a specific variable of interest. Survey data are commonly used to compute estimates for variables that were not included in the survey design. Expected precision is poor, but a low dispersion of the weights limits risks of very high variance for one or several estimates. The second chapter deals with reweighting factors in calibration estimates. We study an algorithm that computes the minimal bounds so that the calibration estimators exist, and propose an efficient way of resolution. We also study the statistical properties of estimates using these minimal bounds. The second part studies asymptotic properties of sampling estimates. Obtaining asymptotic guarantees is often hard in practice. We present an original method that establishes weak convergence for the Horvitz-Thompson empirical process indexed by a class of functions for a lot of sampling algorithms used in practice. In the third and last part, we focus on sampling methods for populations that can be described as networks. They have many applications when the graphs are so big that storing and computing algorithms on them are very costly. Two applications are presented, one using Twitter data, and the other using simulated data to establish guidelines to design efficient sampling designs for graphs
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Livres sur le sujet "Empirical calibration"

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Guide for the local calibration of the mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide. Washington, D.C : American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, 2010.

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American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Guide for the local calibration of the mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide. Washington, D.C : American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, 2010.

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Holdahl, Sandford R. Empirical calibration of Zeiss NI-1 level instruments to account for magnetic errors. Rockville, MD : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Charting and Geodetic Services, 1986.

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Schwartz, Charles W. Evaluation of long-term pavement performance (LTTP) climatic data for use in mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide(MEPDG) calibration and other pavement analysis. 2015.

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Laver, Michael, et Ernest Sergenti. Using Theoretical Models to Analyze Real Party Systems. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691139036.003.0011.

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Having specified theoretical models of multiparty competition in the first ten chapters of the book, this chapter analyzes recent party competition in postwar democracies in order to verify whether the empirical implications of the party competition model can indeed be systematically observed in real party competition. This is easy to say but hard to do in a rigorous way. Fundamental difficulties arise from two distinct sources. The first concerns calibration of key parameters of the model to the real political environments it is used to analyze. The second concerns data, specifically the need for reliable empirical observations of the real world that can be compared with theoretical implications of our model. The chapter discusses these two methodological problems before moving on to compare empirical implications generated by the model, calibrated to real party systems, with empirical observations of these same party systems.
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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Empirical calibration"

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Doornbos, Eelco. « Empirical Model Calibration ». Dans Thermospheric Density and Wind Determination from Satellite Dynamics, 155–75. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25129-0_6.

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Millward, Christopher G., et Gordon A. H. Walker. « An Empirical Hγ — Luminosity Calibration ». Dans Calibration of Fundamental Stellar Quantities, 377–80. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5456-4_27.

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Nelles, B., Th Richtler et W. Seggewiss. « An Empirical Calibration of the Strömgren System for Late-Type Stars ». Dans Calibration of Fundamental Stellar Quantities, 499–501. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5456-4_58.

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Guo, Xiaolong, et David H. Timm. « Automating Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Calibration Studies ». Dans The Roles of Accelerated Pavement Testing in Pavement Sustainability, 309–19. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42797-3_20.

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Daamen, Winnie, Mario Campanella et Serge P. Hoogendoorn. « Calibration of Nomad Parameters Using Empirical Data ». Dans Traffic and Granular Flow '11, 109–20. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39669-4_11.

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Cenarro, A. J., J. Gorgas, N. Cardiel, A. Vazdekis et R. F. Peletier. « Empirical Calibration of the Mg I Line at 8807 Å ». Dans Highlights of Spanish Astrophysics II, 365. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1776-2_89.

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Abolade, Robert O., Dare J. Akintade, Segun I. Popoola, Folasade A. Semire, Aderemi A. Atayero et Sanjay Misra. « Calibration of Empirical Models for Path Loss Prediction in Urban Environment ». Dans Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2020, 301–10. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58817-5_23.

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Cenarro, A. J., J. Gorgas, N. Cardiel, S. Pedraz, A. Vazdekis et R. F. Peletier. « The Near-IR Calcium Triplet : Empirical Calibration and Stellar Populations Models ». Dans The Evolution of Galaxies, 319. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3313-7_71.

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Wu, Rongzong, et John Harvey. « Calibration of Asphalt Concrete Cracking Models for California Mechanistic-Empirical Design (CalME) ». Dans 7th RILEM International Conference on Cracking in Pavements, 537–47. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4566-7_52.

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Wu, Rongzong, John T. Harvey et Jeremy Lea. « A New Approach to Calibration and Use of Mechanistic-Empirical Design Methods ». Dans RILEM Bookseries, 103–9. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46455-4_13.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Empirical calibration"

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J. Fayers, F., M. J. Blunt et M. A. Christie. « Accurate Calibration of Empirical Viscous Fingering Models ». Dans ECMOR II - 2nd European Conference on the Mathematics of Oil Recovery. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201411098.

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« The Value of Subjective Information : An Empirical Assessment ». Dans NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.16.

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Metrology engineers want technically correct answers. Managers want to make decisions that trade off cost against product value. Calibration personnel want their work to count. Calibration intervals drive measurement reliability, the calibration budget, and the value of every calibration. We affect the value of our entire calibration program when we decide how often to calibrate. Unfortunately, we don’t always have enough historical calibration results data to predict the best calibration interval with a high degree of confidence. Although Bayesian statistical theory provides a method for including independent data sources to supplement calibration results data, limited empirical evidence exists to assess how well Bayesian statistics predicts measurement reliability. The literature has no example that measures how well subjective information estimates measurement reliability.
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v. Beek, Anton, et Mian Li. « Tolerance Allocation and Calibration With Limited Empirical Data ». Dans ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59328.

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Uncertainties are inherent to the physical world, which has made them a prominent field of research. They manifest themselves in many fields of engineering, one of which is known as tolerance analysis, where engineers attempt to predict system performance affected by the tolerance through analytical models. Ordinarily, discrepancies between analytical and experimental models are overcome by calibration techniques, using experimental data. Acquiring experimental data becomes a monetary expensive endeavor, when performed on assemblies with relative large design parameters. This work presents a methodology to formulate and calibrate analytical models, using Bayesian inference and Gaussian processes. The advantage of this methodology is that it uses a single set of overall performance experimental data, with a more accurate result than conventional methods. Subsidiary to the proposed methodology is a case study, vindicating as well as illustrating its transcendence from the confining extremities delineated by the panoply of current tolerance analysis and calibration techniques.
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Kizel, Fadi, Lorenzo Bruzzone et Jon Atli Benediktsson. « Simultaneous empirical line calibration of multiple spectral images ». Dans 2017 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2017.8127924.

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Turnier, Rachelle B., Yaron Katzir, Kouki Kitajima, Ian J. Orland, Michael J. Spicuzza et John W. Valley. « EMPIRICAL CALIBRATION OF OXYGEN ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION IN CORUNDUM ». Dans GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-303621.

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Norgard, John D., Michael F. Seifert, Ronald M. Sega et Anthony Pesta. « Empirical calibration of infrared images of electromagnetic fields ». Dans SPIE's 1995 Symposium on OE/Aerospace Sensing and Dual Use Photonics, sous la direction de Sharon A. Semanovich. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.204871.

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Desai, Shrey, et Greg Durrett. « Calibration of Pre-trained Transformers ». Dans Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP). Stroudsburg, PA, USA : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-main.21.

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Wang, Yongqiao, et Xudong Liu. « Multivariate Probability Calibration with Isotonic Bernstein Polynomials ». Dans Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/353.

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Multivariate probability calibration is the problem of predicting class membership probabilities from classification scores of multiple classifiers. To achieve better performance, the calibrating function is often required to be coordinate-wise non-decreasing; that is, for every classifier, the higher the score, the higher the probability of the class labeling being positive. To this end, we propose a multivariate regression method based on shape-restricted Bernstein polynomials. This method is universally flexible: it can approximate any continuous calibrating function with any specified error, as the polynomial degree increases to infinite. Moreover, it is universally consistent: the estimated calibrating function converges to any continuous calibrating function, as the training size increases to infinity. Our empirical study shows that the proposed method achieves better calibrating performance than benchmark methods.
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Maass, Nicole, Stefan Sawall, Michael Knaup et Marc Kachelriess. « Empirical multiple energy calibration (EMEC) for material-selective CT ». Dans 2011 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2011 NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2011.6153810.

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Kachelriess, Marc, Timo Berkus, Philip Stenner et Willi A. Kalender. « Empirical Dual Energy Calibration (EDEC) for Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ». Dans 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2006.354428.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Empirical calibration"

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Britton, James, Mark Leidig, Jessie Bonner et James Lewkowicz. Empirical Calibration of Small Explosion Seismic And Acoustic Phenomenology in New England. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, octobre 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada501324.

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Vecherin, Sergey, Derek Chang, Emily Wells, Benjamin Trump, Aaron Meyer, Jacob Desmond, Kyle Dunn, Maxim Kitsak et Igor Linkov. Assessment of the COVID-19 infection risk at a workplace through stochastic microexposure modeling. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), mars 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43740.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on economy. Decisions regarding the reopening of businesses should account for infection risks. This paper describes a novel model for COVID-19 infection risks and policy evaluations. The model combines the best principles of the agent-based, microexposure, and probabilistic modeling approaches. It takes into account specifics of a workplace, mask efficiency, and daily routines of employees, but does not require specific interagent rules for simulations. Likewise, it does not require knowledge of microscopic disease related parameters. Instead, the risk of infection is aggregated into the probability of infection, which depends on the duration and distance of every contact. The probability of infection at the end of a workday is found using rigorous probabilistic rules. Unlike previous models, this approach requires only a few reference data points for calibration, which are more easily collected via empirical studies. The application of the model is demonstrated for a typical office environment and for a real-world case. The proposed model allows for effective risk assessment and policy evaluation when there are large uncertainties about the disease, making it particularly suitable for COVID-19 risk assessments.
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Kinikles, Dellena, et John McCartney. Hyperbolic Hydro-mechanical Model for Seismic Compression Prediction of Unsaturated Soils in the Funicular Regime. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, décembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/yunw7668.

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A semi-empirical elasto-plastic constitutive model with a hyperbolic stress-strain curve was developed with the goal of predicting the seismic compression of unsaturated sands in the funicular regime of the soil-water retention curve (SWRC) during undrained cyclic shearing. Using a flow rule derived from energy considerations, the evolution in plastic volumetric strain (seismic compression) was predicted from the plastic shear strains of the hysteretic hyperbolic stress-strain curve. The plastic volumetric strains are used to predict the changes in degree of saturation from phase relationships and changes in pore air pressure from Boyle’s and Henry’s laws. The degree of saturation was used to estimate changes in matric suction from the transient scanning paths of the SWRC. Changes in small-strain shear modulus estimated from changes in mean effective stress computed from the constant total stress and changes in pore air pressure, degree of saturation and matric suction, in turn affect the hyperbolic stress-strain curve’s shape and the evolution in plastic volumetric strain. The model was calibrated using experimental shear stress-strain backbone curves from drained cyclic simple shear tests and transient SWRC scanning path measurements from undrained cyclic simple shear tests. Then the model predictions were validated using experimental data from undrained cyclic simple shear tests on unsaturated sand specimens with different initial degrees of saturation in the funicular regime. While the model captured the coupled evolution in hydro-mechanical variables (pore air pressure, pore water pressure, matric suction, degree of saturation, volumetric strain, effective stress, shear modulus) well over the first 15 cycles of shearing, the predictions were less accurate after continued cyclic shearing up to 200 cycles. After large numbers of cycles of undrained shearing, a linear decreasing trend between seismic compression and initial degree of saturation was predicted from the model while a nonlinear increasing-decreasing trend was observed in the cyclic simple shear experiments. This discrepancy may be due to not considering post shearing reconsolidation in the model, calibration of model parameters, or experimental issues including a drift in the position of the hysteretic shear-stress strain curve. Nonetheless, the trend from the model is consistent with predictions from previously- developed empirical models in the funicular regime of the SWRC. The developments of the new mechanistic model developed in this study will play a key role in the future development of a holistic model for predicting the seismic compression across all regimes of the SWRC.
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