Thèses sur le sujet « Emotiva »
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FERNANDEZ, KIRSZMAN JAVIER. « INTERVENTI DIGITALI PER LA REGOLAZIONE EMOTIVA NEI DISTURBI EMOTIVI ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/100608.
Texte intégralThis dissertation describes a way of organising parsimoniously the ample existing evidence that has been produced along these years in the field of digital mental health. For that purpose the DIU framework is presented. That is, D for dissemination, I for improvement and U for understanding. This framework is applied to the specific field of emotion regulation in emotional disorders. In that sense, it presents a description of the current psychopathological transformation in order to outline the role of emotion regulation (ER) as a transdiagnostic and transtheorical mechanism of change. A review of all the existing developments in each of the categories of the DIU framework are described. Each section presents novel empirical results that show how digital interventions may serve to improve ER in emotional disorders. These empirical contributions used a variety of research designs and statistical solutions depending on the different contexts in which the studies were conducted. Overall, this dissertation boosts the discussion concerning some of the current debates in clinical psychology and suggests theoretical and empirical answers in order to improve the field.
Amorós, Víctor. « Psicoterapia racional emotiva ». Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/102528.
Texte intégralEn el presente artículo el autor realiza una síntesis didáctica sobre los orígenes, fundamentos, características y la técnica de la terapia racional emotiva de Albert Ellis. Se explica cómo las personas crean sus propios trastornos emocionales y conductuales por sus prejuicios y pensamientos equivocados. Se concluye afirmando que son las ideas irracionales las que originan en gran medida las neurosis. El trabajo se detiene en la actitud del terapeuta quien aplica una técnica directiva reforzando los componentes cognitivos del paciente.
Maccolini, Laura <1987>. « LA TRADUZIONE EMOTIVA ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3651.
Texte intégralCorro', Nicole <1992>. « Intelligenza emotiva : Protean Career ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/10685.
Texte intégralMancini, Giacomo <1972>. « L'intelligenza emotiva in età evolutiva ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3412/1/Mancini_Giacomo_tesi.pdf.
Texte intégralMancini, Giacomo <1972>. « L'intelligenza emotiva in età evolutiva ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3412/.
Texte intégralBaesso, Elisa <1983>. « INTELLIGENZA EMOTIVA E LA CONSULENZA FINANZIARIA ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3305.
Texte intégralINGOGLIA, Sonia. « LO SVILUPPO DELL’AUTONOMIA EMOTIVA DURANTE L’ADOLESCENZA ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Palermo, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/385186.
Texte intégralCARISSOLI, CLAUDIA. « VIDEOGIOCO E COMPETENZE EMOTIVE : DALL'ANALISI DEL FENOMENO A UNA PROPOSTA DI INTERVENTO ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/56637.
Texte intégralThis thesis aimed to investigate the relationship between videogames (VG) and emotional skills. The first study, a systematic literature reviews, investigated the “state of the art” of the research regarding the use of VG for emotional regulation: data confirm that VGs, both commercial and serious games, positively influence the emotional skills of the players. The second study investigated the relationship between hours of play, emotional self-efficacy, passion for VG and well-being. The results confirm that videogaming improves player's well-being, thanks to the effect on the emotional self-efficacy, provided that the videogaming is integrated harmoniously among other life activities. Finally, EmotivaMente, a training aimed to promote of Emotional Intelligence, based on the use of VGs as work tools, was realized in two high schools. Thanks to EmotivaMente, students developed greater capacities to recognize and manage their emotional world and increased the use of cognitive re-evaluation as emotion regulation strategy. The findings, even if preliminary, confirm that the VGs, thanks to their immersivity, interactivity, presence and wealth of narrative, have a unexplored potential to promote emotional skills and increase the well-being of people.
Amorós, Víctor. « Tratamiento psicológico, según la terapia racional emotiva ». Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/101380.
Texte intégralEn este artículo el autor presenta el caso de un paciente de 30 años, de sexo masculino, soltero, quien sufre de ansiedad, depresión e incapacidad para enfrentar el trabajo. Se describen los datos más importantes de la historia y el motivo de consulta y se relatan algunas sesiones de terapia racional emotiva.
SALVARANI, VALERIO. « Proteggere l'infermiere dal burnout : dati preliminari sull'importanza di introdurre la mindfulness all'interno della formazione infermieristica ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/199149.
Texte intégralHealth care personnel are continuously exposed to severe occupation stress, such as dealing with patient death or incidents. Burnout in turn negatively impacts quality of care, which may ultimately lead to worse health outcomes for patients. Burnout can also lead to a significant economic loss through increased absenteeism, higher turnover rates and a rise in health care costs. Given the importance of preventing burnout in healthcare staff, it is important to identify factors in healthcare staff that may protect against stress as well as be amenable to change. Mindfulness has been associated with lower symptoms of anxiety, depression, and burnout. It is thought that the ability of nurses to successfully regulate their emotions could enhance their psychological health and impact their clinical performance. The proposal for this study is that mindfulness, empathy and emotion regulation could be a protective factor against burnout for health-care operators. Protocols like Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) could be used not only as an intervention on stressed operators but as a prevention tool that can grant a better quality of life in the health-care operators. Furthermore, it is proposed that an early introduction of this topic during the academic career could lead to a new generation of nurses with a better ability to regulate their emotion and more expertise in managing mindfulness which can lead to lower level of stress and a better quality of life. The aim of this research is to assess the actual level of emotion regulation, mindfulness attitude and level of empathy and actual level of burnout and stress on a sample of nurses operating in Emergency Room of three Hospital in Lombardia and on a sample of nursing student of the University degli Studi Milano-Bicocca. Furthermore we want to assess (a) the statistical relationship between the actual level of burnout and stress with the actual level of emotion regulation. Mindfulness attitude and level of empathy (b) assess if there is a statistical relationship between this abilities and socio-demographic factor such as, age, gender, year of experience as nurses or year of university (c) compare the sample of students and the sample of nurses for the variable of this study The results shows a significative statistical relationship between the ability to regulate emotion and a mindful attitude with the actual level of burnout and stress for the sample of students and nurses. Furthermore there isn’t any significative statistical relationship related to age, year of university and years of experience as nurses. The sample of students shows a higher mean level in the level of empathy while the sample of nurses shows higher mean level of ability to regulate emotions and adopt a mindful attitude. These results support the hypothesis that emotion regulation and a mindfuln assets are protective factor against burnout, so an early introduction of this topic during the academic or professional career could lead to a new generation of nurses with a better ability to regulate their emotion and more expertise in managing mindfulness which can lead to lower level of stress and a better quality of life.
Boldorini, Marta <1992>. « L’intelligenza emotiva. Una nuova dimensione nella leadership cinese ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8572.
Texte intégralVivan, Elena Alessandra <1986>. « ARTE TERAPIA ED ELABORAZIONE EMOTIVA ATTRAVERSO L'ATTIVITA' CREATIVA ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/12936.
Texte intégralAmmendola, Giulia <1985>. « Prospettive sulle Emozioni e Analisi Neurolinguistica della Prosodia Emotiva ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2294.
Texte intégralMarchesan, Cristina <1990>. « Emozioni e comunicazione : il concetto di competenza emotiva oggi ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8465.
Texte intégralGRASSI, ALESSANDRA. « GESTIRE LO STRESS CON LE NUOVE TECNOLOGIE : REGOLAZIONE ED INDUZIONE EMOTIVA NEL CONTESTO UNIVERSITARIO E LAVORATIVO ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/707.
Texte intégralThis thesis analyzed the complex relation between the emotion induction process and the new technologies. Specifically the work investigated the effectiveness of audio and video content in the emotion induction process by using different media (mobile phone, dvd, mp3 player, audio cd and pc desktop + Head Mounted Display). The practical contribution is divided in three studies, one basic and two apply investigations, considering the new media as tools able to manage negative emotions and to induce a deep sense of wellness in two different settings: university exam anxiety and work related stress in a teachers sample. Results suggest the effectiveness of the new communication technologies to induce and manage different emotional states. New media, Mobile phone and Mp3 player, characterized by high portability, gained a new role in the field of Positive Psychology research. The possibility of using new technologies to improve wellness and the quality of life of users suggests the emergence of a new area: Positive Technology.
Banderas, Ronchera Andrea. « La transfiguración de la imagen como recurso de invocación emotiva ». Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/170214.
Texte intégralEl desarrollo de la obra se basa en la representación gráfica y pictórica de diapositivas digitalizadas, utilizando las técnicas de serigrafía y pintura en aguadas como medio con el objeto de mezclar ambos lenguajes para interpretar emociones. Estas diapositivas son extraídas de una caja de recuerdos fotográficos familiares. Es en este contexto en donde entra en juego el concepto de nostalgia, el cual fue explorado en el proceso de creación de las obras recurriendo al uso del color e imágenes indefinidas. La obra tiene como sentido que el espectador pueda percibir estas representaciones asociándolas a recuerdos y vivencias personales despertando una emoción. A partir de distintos trabajos de las asignaturas de la carrera, comienza el interés en la utilización de la fotografía familiar como referente y la experimentación en el uso de técnicas. Esto constituye el fundamento de la creación de la obra y del origen del proceso artístico. La primera transformación de la imagen real a imagen digital gatilla la utilización de la serigrafía y la pintura como un recurso gráfico-pictórico representativo siendo influenciada por el estilo y temperamento del artista principalmente en el uso del color y pintura en aguadas creando imágenes poco definidas, pretendiendo evocar en el espectador alguna vivencia personal emotiva
DE, VITO Leila. « Analisi delle relazioni esistenti tra Internet Addiction Disorder ed Intelligenza Emotiva ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Cassino, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11580/86043.
Texte intégralBALZAROTTI, STEFANIA. « Immedesimazione vs. distanziamento : strategie di rivalutazione di eventi contestualizzati ad alto impatto emotivo. Analisi delle risposte esperenziali, comportamentali e fisiologiche ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/310.
Texte intégralThe present research program investigated emotion regulation analyzing the complex interaction between variables concerning individual regulatory strategies and variables concerning the eliciting stimulus. To this purpose, the research program was structured into three studies. In Study 1, a set of questionnaires assessing individual stable emotion regulation and coping strategies was administered to a sample of 198 nursing students who participated to Study 3 and to a control sample of 416 undergraduate students. A preliminary Italian validation of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) was conducted. Study 2 aimed at measuring the emotional impact of eliciting stimuli: a set of emotion-generating films were constructed according to the manipulation of appraisal criteria and administered to 420 undergraduate students who were asked to rate their emotional experience. In Study 3, 163 nursing students watched the same surgery clip included within different contextual scenarios provided by the film stimuli tested in Study 2. The main goal was the investigation of the short-terms outcomes of two types of reappraisal when the individual is confronted with a contextualized high-impact emotional event: to this purpose, participants were asked to adopt a detached vs. immersed point of view. Three systems of emotional response were analyzed as indicated by emotion literature: behavioural, physiological and experiential.
CORNETTI, VALENTINA. « Gli Stati Mentali nella Comunicazione : la Sintonizzazione Emotiva e la Comprensione dell'Ironia ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6157.
Texte intégralThe present dissertation aims to analyse the relationship between language and mental states in a life-span perspective. First we decided to analyse familiar and scholastic conversations about emotional themes and events lived by children in their past. Subsequently we investigated the understanding of figurative aspects of language, in particular the comprehension of irony, in a young adult sample. First and second studies develop themselves around the theme of the construction of emotional dialogues in asymmetrical relationship between children and their familiar or scholastic caregiver. Starting from the translation of a task developed by Koren-Karie, Oppenheim and colleagues (2000, 2003), the Autobiographical Emotional Events Dialogue (AEED), the studies aim to analyse the capacity of a set of dyads to build dialogues around emotional themes and the connections among AEED characteristics and mentalistic or linguistic abilities of the conversational partners. The third study, carried out on a young adults sample through the eye tracking methodology, aimed to identify the basic processes regarding the relationship between the meaning of ironic sentences and the reality. These results are interpreted in accordance with the Graded Salience Hypothesis proposed by Giora (2003).
Rosas, Rangel Tania, et Loredo Marisol Sánchez. « La memoria emotiva según Stanislavsky desde la óptica de las neuronas espejo ». Tesis de Licenciatura, UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL ESTADO DE MÉXICO, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/109537.
Texte intégralLópez, Barreda Romina. « La memoria emotiva y la desvinculación - el distanciamiento brechtiano y la memoria emotiva imaginada - como herramientas en el proceso creativo del personaje : Estudio del montaje de la obra Financiamiento Desaprobado ». Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/12590.
Texte intégralTesis
Mussio, Rogéria Albertinase Pincelli [UNESP]. « A geração Z e suas respostas comportamental e emotiva nas redes sociais virtuais ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151376.
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A adolescência é uma fase fundamental do desenvolvimento humano. Com a evolução tecnológica transformando a era contemporânea, a jovem geração atual, conhecida como Geração Z, será a primeira a viver uma vida completa totalmente em um mundo digital e conectado. Este “novo mundo” já está propiciando os mais diversos tipos de interação com o outro e mudando comportamentos e as relações sociais. Esta pesquisa é um estudo transversal com o objetivo analisar como os adolescentes utilizam as novas mídias digitais e as redes sociais em seus relacionamentos interpessoais e na comunicação virtual, buscando encontrar pontos relevantes que estejam relacionados com questões comportamentais envolvendo os estados emotivos e o uso das mídias e das tecnologias de comunicação. Participaram deste estudo 267 adolescentes estudantes de escola pública entre 14 e 17 anos de idade com acesso à Internet e às redes sociais. O instrumento utilizado para coleta de dados foi um questionário elaborado pela pesquisadora, composto por 50 perguntas fechadas em escala Likert, cuja finalidade era conhecer a leitura que os adolescentes fazem sobre os seus relacionamentos virtuais, o modo e os efeitos da comunicação online, e os sentimentos e emoções que são despertados através do uso das novas mídias na comunicação em seus relacionamentos. A amostra foi dividida por grupos separados por gênero e por faixa etária. Os resultados foram avaliados através de análise estatística descritiva e inferencial não paramétrica (teste de Mann-Whitney e teste G). O estudo mostrou que os adolescentes fazem uso regular das redes sociais com diversos propósitos, sobretudo utilizando smartphones. Observou-se que, embora não seja frequente, o uso das redes sociais pode provocar respostas emocionais intensas nos adolescentes, e existem diferenças entre os comportamentos de meninos e meninas na interação virtual. As relações dos adolescentes nas redes sociais virtuais com os amigos e pessoas próximas são intensas, Não foram constatados indícios fortes de dependência tecnológica na amostra da Geração Z analisada e nem dificuldades de comunicação. Entretanto, verificou-se que os adolescentes buscam conectar-se online rapidamente e manifestam uma certa ansiedade e irritabilidade quando não conseguem a conexão com a Internet.
Adolescence is a critical stage of human development. With technological evolution transforming the contemporary age, the current young generation, known as Generation Z, will be the first to live a complete life totally in a digital and networked world. This “new world” is already providing diverse types of interaction with each other and changing behaviors and social relationships. This research is a cross-sectional study that aims to analyze how adolescents use new digital media and social networks in their interpersonal relationships and in virtual communication, seeking to find relevant points that are related to issues involving emotive states and the use of digital media and communication technologies. Participated in this study 267 teenagers from public schools between 14 and 17 years old with access to the Internet and social networks. The instrument used for data acquision was a questionnaire elaborated by the researcher, composed of 50 closed questions in the Likert scale, whose purpose is to know the reading that adolescents do about their online relationships, the mode and the upshot of online communication, and feelings and emotions that are aroused by the use of new communication media in their relationships. The sample was divided by groups separated by gender and by age. The results were evaluated through descriptive and non-parametric inferential (Mann-Whitney test and G test) statistical analysis. The study showed that adolescents make regular use of social networks for various purposes, especially using smartphones. It was observed that, although it is not frequent, the use of social networks can provoke intense emotional responses in the adolescents, and there are differences between the behaviors of boys and girls in the virtual interaction. The relationships of adolescents in virtual social networks with friends and close people are intensive. No strong evidence of technological dependence was found in the sample of Generation Z analyzed nor communication difficulties. However, it has been found that adolescents seek to connect online quickly and manifest a certain anxiety and irritability when they can not connect to the Internet.
Mussio, Rogéria Albertinase Pincelli. « A geração Z e suas respostas comportamental e emotiva nas redes sociais virtuais / ». Rio Claro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151376.
Texte intégralBanca: Gustavo Lima Isler
Banca: Carlos Norberto Fischer
Resumo: A adolescência é uma fase fundamental do desenvolvimento humano. Com a evolução tecnológica transformando a era contemporânea, a jovem geração atual, conhecida como Geração Z, será a primeira a viver uma vida completa totalmente em um mundo digital e conectado. Este "novo mundo" já está propiciando os mais diversos tipos de interação com o outro e mudando comportamentos e as relações sociais. Esta pesquisa é um estudo transversal com o objetivo analisar como os adolescentes utilizam as novas mídias digitais e as redes sociais em seus relacionamentos interpessoais e na comunicação virtual, buscando encontrar pontos relevantes que estejam relacionados com questões comportamentais envolvendo os estados emotivos e o uso das mídias e das tecnologias de comunicação. Participaram deste estudo 267 adolescentes estudantes de escola pública entre 14 e 17 anos de idade com acesso à Internet e às redes sociais. O instrumento utilizado para coleta de dados foi um questionário elaborado pela pesquisadora, composto por 50 perguntas fechadas em escala Likert, cuja finalidade era conhecer a leitura que os adolescentes fazem sobre os seus relacionamentos virtuais, o modo e os efeitos da comunicação online, e os sentimentos e emoções que são despertados através do uso das novas mídias na comunicação em seus relacionamentos. A amostra foi dividida por grupos separados por gênero e por faixa etária. Os resultados foram avaliados através de análise estatística descritiva e inferencial não paramétr... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Adolescence is a critical stage of human development. With technological evolution transforming the contemporary age, the current young generation, known as Generation Z, will be the first to live a complete life totally in a digital and networked world. This "new world" is already providing diverse types of interaction with each other and changing behaviors and social relationships. This research is a cross-sectional study that aims to analyze how adolescents use new digital media and social networks in their interpersonal relationships and in virtual communication, seeking to find relevant points that are related to issues involving emotive states and the use of digital media and communication technologies. Participated in this study 267 teenagers from public schools between 14 and 17 years old with access to the Internet and social networks. The instrument used for data acquision was a questionnaire elaborated by the researcher, composed of 50 closed questions in the Likert scale, whose purpose is to know the reading that adolescents do about their online relationships, the mode and the upshot of online communication, and feelings and emotions that are aroused by the use of new communication media in their relationships. The sample was divided by groups separated by gender and by age. The results were evaluated through descriptive and non-parametric inferential (Mann-Whitney test and G test) statistical analysis. The study showed that adolescents make regular use of social networks for various purposes, especially using smartphones. It was observed that, although it is not frequent, the use of social networks can provoke intense emotional responses in the adolescents, and there are differences between the behaviors of boys and girls in the virtual interaction. The relationships of adolescents in virtual social networks ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Longo, Giuseppe <1961>. « Cognizione ed emozione : processi di interpretazione del testo letterario dalle neuroscienze cognitive all'educazione emotiva ». Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1018.
Texte intégralThe dissertation examines the connection between cognitive neurosciences and reading literature, to verify if the literary text can be used in the field of emotional education. It analyzes the brain-based interaction between text and reader and the processes of comprehension and interpretation, particularly by investigating how emotion, metaphor, and mental imagery are connected. Embodied cognition, mental simulation and empathy are also studied, to explain how the literary text can become a useful tool to enhance students’ emotional competence.
Zampieri, Rita <1991>. « Intelligenza Emotiva e Gamification. L'efficacia del gioco per lo sviluppo delle competenze trasversali : un'analisi ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9098.
Texte intégralMORTILLARO, MARCELLO. « Analisi componenziale dell'esperienza emotiva : studio delle componenti espressiva e fisiologica e implicazioni per l'affective computing ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/156.
Texte intégralEven if emotion has been studied for many years, it still remains quite unknown in some aspects. Among others, vocal expression and physiology of emotions produced very few widely accepted results. Such an outcome can be explained through the adoption of the component process model of emotion by Scherer. In his theory emotions are processes in which a number of different components are involved, among others expressive and physiological ones. As a consequence emotions can be explained only through a multi-component approach. Three studies are performed. The first investigated emotional expression, finding some correspondences with component predictive model for vocal expression. The second analyzed autonomic activity of emotions, sustaining its function of resources mobilization. The third combined the two components, finding some aspects of their integration and inter-dependency. Finally, concerning affective computing paradigm, a componential approach to emotion automatic recognition is suggested.
Ollari, Silvia <1992>. « Il museo come esperienza emotiva : dalla svolta iconica all'estetica delle atmosfere. L'analisi del caso "INTUITION" ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/12325.
Texte intégralBarbosa, Marinalva Vieira. « A dimensão afetivo-emotiva dos discursos de professores e alunos nas interações em sala de aula ». [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270809.
Texte intégralTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: A principal matéria-prima desta tese são as produções discursivas de professores e alunos dos níveis Fundamental, Médio e Universidade. Centro atenção em dois tipos de discursos: a) os que diretamente objetivam revelar um problema pessoal, narrar emocionalmente uma experiência ou narrar uma experiência afetiva que visa mobilizar, tocar afetivamente o seu interlocutor; b) os que, indiretamente, produzem efeitos de sentidos afetivos embora não apresentem elementos lingüísticos que remetam ao campo das afetividades. Tais discursos foram denominados de ¿discursos de emoção¿. Como se trata de um estudo lingüístico-discursivo, trabalhei somente com o verbal, e o foco centra-se no movimento interacional do sujeito que discursiviza suas emoções e nas respostas dos sujeitos que interpretam esse gesto discursivo afetivo. Desse modo, o que é tratado como emoção no discurso, neste trabalho, não se confunde com a pura ação física ou biológica (o dado per se), ainda que possa englobá-las. É o dado postulado pelo sujeito da enunciação: a dor, a tristeza ou a alegria tais como definidas por ele por meio da linguagem e no contexto de interação com o outro. A seleção do corpus é baseada na concepção de paradigma indiciário proposta por Ginzburg (1999). A adoção dessa concepção se justifica porque permite conceber sujeitos cujo discurso não se perde ou se explica por meio da eleição de traços generalizantes de pertencimento a uma comunidade (neste caso, a comunidade de professor ou de aluno), mas também não são atos absolutamente singulares e, por isso, sem nenhuma relação com outros discursos. A definição do corpus indiciário depende da inter-relação entre pequenos acontecimentos: que não é a proposta inversa de acúmulo ou da repetição do insignificante para se chegar a uma verdade universalizada e inquestionável, mas para que se deduza mais do que é insignificante. Tendo como ancoragem teórica as concepções bakhtinianas, analiso três dimensões: a lingüística, a discursiva e a estético-ética. Especificamente, discuto os recursos lingüísticos agenciados, os efeitos de sentido produzidos e o papel do discurso de emoção na organização dos processos de ensino e aprendizagem. A inscrição do afetivo na língua pode ser explicada se tomamos como objeto a linguagem que significa nas situações de interação entre interlocutores, sendo essa linguagem signo de qualquer coisa que não existe como materialidade concreta, mas que ela é constituidora como signo afetivo. O discurso de emoção é signo do que pode ocorrer ao sujeito que, pondo-se no interior de uma situação de discurso, enuncia um estado afetivo em face do diálogo com a alteridade (Charaudeau, 2000). As emoções discursivizadas são carregadas de sentidos ativamente atribuídos no momento em que são enunciadas porque nascem como respondibilidade às ações de um outro contextualizado. Nos sentidos bakhtinianos do termo, resultam do encontro entre sujeitos que, vivendo e alimentando-se na interação com os outros, respondem aos atos afetivos a partir de interpretações e atribuições de sentidos.
Abstract: Not informed.
Doutorado
Analise do Discurso
Doutor em Linguística
ALBANESE, Clarissa Agata. « L’Intelligenza Emotiva, il concetto di sé e il rapporto con l’altro ai tempi delle nuove dipendenze ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Cassino, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11580/75174.
Texte intégralPLANTULLI, ALESSIA. « Salute e prevenzione. Immagine corporea, regolazione emotiva e percezione di se' : differenze individuali in eta' scolare ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/52915.
Texte intégralDi, Francesco Martina <1997>. « Il superamento delle disabilità linguistiche tramite l'uso della LIS e i benefici sulla sfera emotiva del discente ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/19963.
Texte intégralSantos, Adailson Costa dos. « Teatro das emoções e emoções no teatro : diálogos entre neurociência e Stanislávski ». Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6627.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
This research analyzes the perspectives of Stanislavski’ system as proposed by the Russian director Constantin Stanislavski (1863 – 1938) in dialogue with recent proposals of the neurobiology of emotions. It begins with the main definitions about emotions in western history, starting with Plato and reaching conceptions posed by the Portuguese neuroscientist Antonio Damásio (1944) who investigate the production and interpretations of the human emotions. The work focuses on the proposals of the “organic” interpretation by Stanislavski, mainly on the concept and procedures of what has been called emotive memory. This discussion is based on the findings of the French psychologist Théodule-Armand Ribot (1839- 1916), and his concept of affective memory (in French, la memoire affective; In Russian, Affectivnaia pamiat’) that underpinned the concept used by Stanislavski. At the end, the thesis establishes the neurobiological construction that pervade the Stanislavski’ system.
Este trabalho analisa as perspectivas do sistema Stanislávski propostas pelo encenador russo Constantin Stanislávski (1863-1938), estabelecendo-se um diálogo com as recentes pesquisas da neurobiologia das emoções. Faz-se um estudo do percurso histórico sobre as emoções na história do pensamento ocidental, partindo de Platão na história antiga e culminando na compreensão das concepções do neurocientista português Antônio Damásio (1944) sobre a produção e interpretação das emoções humanas. Em seguida, investiga-se as propostas de interpretação “orgânica” de Stanislávski, focando principalmente no conceito e procedimentos da chamada memória emotiva. Realiza-se um estudo das concepções do psicólogo francês Théodule-Armand Ribot (1839-1916) sobre o conceito de memória afetiva (em francês, la memoire affective; em russo, Affectivnaia pamiat’) que dá suporte ao conceito utilizado por Stanislávski. Ao final, traça-se um diálogo dos conhecimentos apresentados onde se compreendem as construções biológicas que permeiam o sistema.
ASCOLESE, ANTONIO. « La funzione dell'ottimismo nel processo di regolazione delle emozioni ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/7776.
Texte intégralIncasa, Iolanda <1967>. « La sorpresa come fattore critico indicatore di sintonizzazione emotiva in bambini normali e con disturbi pervasivi dello sviluppo ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1014/1/Tesi_Incasa_Iolanda.pdf.
Texte intégralIncasa, Iolanda <1967>. « La sorpresa come fattore critico indicatore di sintonizzazione emotiva in bambini normali e con disturbi pervasivi dello sviluppo ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1014/.
Texte intégralRocha, Chavarría Zenaida. « Informe de experiencias profesionales en el ámbito clínico y de la salud. Centro Médico Naval “Cirujano Mayor Santiago Távara” ». Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/9008.
Texte intégralBrinda atención médica como psicológica a los pacientes hospitalizados y ambulatorios es el objetivo del Servicio de Psiquiatría (Sala 6-2). La población que se atiende en el servicio son militares y familiares directos de los mismos. Dentro del Servicio de Psiquiatría se encuentra la Unidad de Psicología de Adultos, la cual se encarga de brindar la atención psicológica y neuropsicológica a los pacientes, que presenten algún desorden o deterioro psíquico, realizando una exhaustiva evaluación que permita llegar a un diagnóstico para intervenir utilizando las estrategias más adecuadas para cada caso. Desarrollar los conceptos teóricos-prácticos necesarios para utilizar adecuadamente los procedimientos de intervención psicológica en el área clínica; evaluación, diagnóstico y tratamiento que contribuyan a alcanzar un nivel óptimo y competitivo de atención al usuario.
Trabajo académico
CASLINI, MANUELA. « Alessitimia e regolazione emotiva nella psicoterapia di pazienti con DCA : Analisi empirica dell’Attività Referenziale di un campione in trattamento ». Bachelor's thesis, Milano Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/51532.
Texte intégralPalomino, Gómez Martha Elizabeth. « Informe de experiencias profesionales en el ámbito clínico y de la salud, Hospital "Víctor Larco Herrera" : creencias irracionales básicas por separación conyugal en paciente de sexo femenino ». Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3813.
Texte intégralTesis
Miguel, Regina Lima Dantas. « Voyage au bout de la nuit, Louis-Ferdinand Céline : o itinerário de uma viagem ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8146/tde-16112010-114128/.
Texte intégralJourney to the end of the night (Voyage au bout de la nuit), by the French author, Louis- Ferdinand Celine, caused a stir in literary circles and the public at large when it was launched in 1932. Its vitriolic tone and the popular idiom in which it was written were quite unprecedented, as was the vehemence with which Ferdinand Bardamu decried social injustice. This, the first book written by Celine, created a huge impact and until today continues to occupy an important place in the world of literature. The authors intention to breathe new life into the French literary canon by introducing the popular idiom into the written language was, without doubt, one of the factors behind this impact.The form of protest adopted by the novel is two-pronged: alongside the vehement denunciation of an absurd world, was the blow which was aimed at the very heart of academic literary language. There can be no doubt that the vast resonance created by the work is the result of this choice of language, which was considered to be both innovative and revolutionary when judged by the standards of its time.Today, Celines invention of writing the way we speak, has a particular air of spontaneity, which would have been lost, had the author instead resorted to the artifice of a more elaborate style. If the choice of language set off a wave of resounding scandals at the time, nowadays it is not the language, but rather the violent manner in which Bardamu refers to his peers that creates a similar impact upon contemporary readership. The purpose of this study is therefore to examine the two driving forces behind the text: the writing and Celines universe. The manner in which the voyage is approached leads to the perception of a world wrought from a dreamstate dimension, since it is an imaginary voyage which is announced in the foreword of the novel. This journey of ours is entirely imaginary. The journey to the nights end, undertaken by Celine has the sense of a slow and deliberate journey towards death. Once immersed in this universe, we are led to a place where the itineraries of Bardamu and Celine converge, suggesting strong autobiographical associations. Finally, this analysis allows us to reflect on the usage of a language constructed upon the code of a popular idiom, a mechanism used by its creator to introduce the paradox of emotive reasoning expressed in the popular idiom, into the written language.
Hallgren, Sophia. « Emotionell kommunikation i gymnasiesärskolan : En studie av emotiva uttrycksresurser i samtal mellan elever med alternativ och komplettterande kommunikation och lärare ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-177837.
Texte intégralGERACI, Giancarlo. « Analisi comparatistica sulla risarcibilità dei danni incidenti sulla sfera emotiva e psicologica della persona nell’ordinamento inglese e in quello italiano ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/10447/554826.
Texte intégralThe doctoral thesis, starting from an analysis of the system of civil liability in the Italian system and in the English one, dwells, in particular, on the examination of the category of the psychological damage, examining the evolution, content and development in the two systems, with the ultimate aim of verifying the profiles of similarity and difference in a comparative perspective
CHIRICO, ALICE. « Il ruolo della Realtà Virtuale per lo Studio del Sublime : Una metodologia avanzata ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/58410.
Texte intégralResearch on “awe” has often considered it as an emotion arising from stimuli so vast to require an accommodation of pre-existing knowledge structures (Keltner & Haidt, 2003). However, awe resulted as closer to an experience than to an emotion. Specifically, awe resulted as a transformative experience, able to affect even stable tendencies in life permanently. The purpose of this dissertation is to contribute to research on the nature of awe as a transformative experience and on its experimental study. I explored new methods to restore nuances, intensity and complexity of awe-experience even in the lab. I developed a set of three subsequent studies based on a new experiential methodology – Virtual Reality (VR) – opening to a new way of studying and designing awe in the lab. First, starting from a review of experimental literature on awe, I discussed in favour of a new methodology able to capture the intensity and complexity of awe as an experience, instead of only as an emotion. I identified Virtual Reality as the main candidate for many reasons. First, VR endowed the users with immersive, realistic, and interactive environments that can elicit a sense of “presence”, that is, the subjective experience of “being and acting there” in a simulated reality as if it was real. Second, VR allows to generate even paradoxical and impossible situations breaking our conventional fixed patterns of thinking, that is another key asset of awe. Third, VR can be used to fully track users’ behavioural and physiological responses, allowing for an integrated assessment of the emotional experience, both concurrent and retrospective. In study 1, drawing from these conclusions, I empirically explored the possibility to induce awe even through basic but highly realistic VR format, that is, 360°-videos. First, I designed two VR contents (1 awe-inducing and 1 neutral) displayed either on 360°-videos or on flat screens. Then, I exposed 42 participants to ad hoc awe-inducing (i.e., Forest) and neutral (i.e., hens scratching about the grass) contents displayed either on a 360° or flat screen to manipulate the sense of presence. I tested the impact of this manipulation on awe intensity. They self-reported their sense of presence and awe after each exposure. At the same time, their Skin Conductance, Blood Volume Pulse, sEMG levels were assessed while they were watching each video. Participants felt significantly more awe in the 360° awe-inspiring condition compared to others. The combination of 360° medium with awe-inspiring content resulted in a boost of awe. Moreover, psychophysiological measures of awe evidenced, for the first time, the parasympathetic system as a core component of the psychophysiological profile of this emotion. In study 2, I moved forward by testing a more advanced VR format, which includes the component of interactivity. The main advantage was that immersive-interactive Virtual Reality environments (VEs) could give rise to a variety of awe-experiences. Following guidelines provided by literature, I designed and validated one naturalistic neutral VR-environment and 3 ad hoc immersive-interactive VR-environments (VEs), to induce different instances of awe (i.e., Forest, High Snow Mountains, Earth view form the space). 36 participants were exposed to all VEs in a counterbalanced order. Participants reported their levels of awe, their general affect, and sense of presence after each exposure. Results showed that all environments elicited a similar positive affect and presence, but awe was differentially elicited by each environment, bringing forth diverse nuances of it. This research provided evidence-based design guidelines for future researches interested in the study of awe as an experience in the lab, as well as to scholars and practitioners willing to adopt validated VEs for creating awe-inspiring trainings. To date, I considered an interactive-immersive VR format. However, another key asset of VR relies also on the realism component (i.e., how a VE simulates the physics of the real world to minute details). Finally, since the experimental design was akin to Study 1, I could compare effect size of awe conveyed by 360° realistic video of Forest (Study 1) and immersive-interactive VEs of Forest (Study 2). I found that the most realistic form of VR (i.e., 360°-videos) could induce a slightly higher sense of awe, compared to VEs. This suggested that the realism component, as a layer of the sense of presence, could be crucial in manipulating and designing enhanced forms of awe in the lab. Hence, in Study 3, I relied on findings of Study 1 and 2 to test the impact of such intensified form of awe - induced by the most realistic form of VR - on creative-thinking cognitive process, which is usually considered as a relatively stable tendency instead of a contingent phenomenon. I hypothesized that the enhanced form of realistic VR-based awe would have impact on creative-thinking more than a neutral content displayed in VR. To test the link between awe as an experience and creativity, I used previously validated 360° awe-inspiring and neutral environments and I randomly assigned 40 participants to all these conditions in a counterbalanced order. Their levels of awe, presence and creative-thinking abilities (Torrance Test of Creative Thinking) were assessed after the exposure to each condition. Results showed not only that creative-thinking was significantly higher after awe-inducing 360°-videos compared to the neutral one, but especially that perceived awe significantly predicted 3 out 4 creativity dimensions, as demonstrated by a Generalized Linear Model statistical approach. We explained these findings in light of the framework of Diversifying experiences (DEs), i.e., peculiar experiences in life (e.g., multicultural experiences, psychopathology, schema-violation situations) considered as maximally creativity-conductive. Specifically, we considered awe as a potential member of the family of DEs. Overall, results of these studies provided evidence of the nuanced nature of awe and of the possibility to restore it as an experience even within the boundaries of a lab. Specifically, a new methodology for the design and the selection of best awe-inductors in the lab was validated. This methodology was applied both with immersive and interactive VR formats. Although awe displays a parasympathetic physiological response, it can arise even from interactive-activating inductors. I used VR to create several prototypical experiences of awe, which showed different profiles in terms of vastness and need for accommodation, to be deepened by future studies. Finally, the link between awe-experience and creativity emerged clearly, paving the way for new future awe-inspiring VR-based training to enhance creative thinking. To conclude, design and research guidelines were provided for further studies interested in pursuing and investigating awe as an experience and not only as an emotion.
De, Castilla Rosales Raxá Caculhá. « El ritmo en el lenguaje del clown como herramienta para la identificación emotiva con el público. El caso de Avner the Eccentric ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668159.
Texte intégralThis study is a cross-sectional approach to various stages in comedy. It begins with an analysis of laughter and humor in its most primitive forms, until its evolution in society. We sought to understand the different mechanisms that denote laughter as a cathartic and transforming effect on the human being. To do this, psychological, physiological, and philosophical positions are discovered in order to contextualize the comedy factor to be analyzed: rhythm. In the last chapters we study the figure of comic subjects, specifically clowns, to understand the various systems under which they subordinate their technique, but also to identify the infinite possibilities that this discipline brings to the evolution of the scenic arts. In the search for a better understanding of rhythm in the clown's language we approach lines close to stage musicality, focusing our research on the postulates referring to Vsevolod Meyerhold and Jacques Lecoq. To prove the central hypothesis in which we maintained that rhythm is the most important element in the comic act, we use a case analysis, taking the clown Avner the Eccentric as the subject of analysis. The covert purpose of carrying out an investigation of this type is to consider and debate on the imperative need of humanity to laugh and understand life from a non-conventional perspective, that is, to accept ourselves as a society that is more tolerant of mistakes.
Romito, Giulia <1998>. « La finanza comportamentale e le emozioni : uno studio sull’overconfidence negli investimenti e su alcune strategie di regolazione emotiva come strumento di debiasing ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21873.
Texte intégralGeldres, Villafuerte Nélida Amparo. « Informe de experiencias profesionales en el ámbito clínico y de la salud, Hospital Hermilio Valdizán del Ministerio de Salud ». Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/13748.
Texte intégralTrabajo académico
Pasqualin, Chiara. « Il fondamento "patico" dell'ermeneutico : affettività, pensiero e linguaggio nell'opera di Heidegger ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423041.
Texte intégralIl presente lavoro di ricerca propone una rilettura del percorso speculativo heideggeriano a partire dal problema del rapporto intercorrente tra la struttura affettiva dell’esistenza ed altre due componenti fondamentali dell’essere umano, rappresentate dalla comprensione e dal linguaggio. L’esame di quella modalità di accesso al mondo che è per Heidegger la situazione emotiva (Befindlichkeit) – un canale di esperienza che è risultato distinto ed autonomo rispetto al comprendere progettuale – ci ha portato a riconoscere la presenza di una dimensione ontologica fondamentale dell’esistere, che abbiamo denominato “patica” con riferimento al verbo greco "paschein", “patire”. Questa dimensione identifica il modo più originario del nostro accesso all’ambito fenomenico e rappresenta il “fondamento” – cioè la condizione di possibilità – dell’altra dimensione caratteristica dell’esistere, quella ermeneutica, costituita dall’insieme delle strutture, quali la comprensione, il discorso e l’interpretazione, che cooperano all’articolazione significativa della nostra realtà. Il lavoro è costruito intorno all’interpretazione dei due capisaldi dell’opera heideggeriana, "Essere e tempo" e i "Contributi alla filosofia", in quanto rappresentativi rispettivamente dell’ontologia fondamentale e del pensiero dell’evento. Il confronto analitico con queste due tappe essenziali del percorso speculativo heideggeriano ci ha fornito la giusta direttiva per muoverci indietro, in avanti e nel mezzo, lungo tutto l’arco della riflessione del filosofo tedesco. Conseguentemente, la tesi si articola in cinque capitoli, tra i quali il secondo ed il quarto, rispettivamente dedicati ad "Essere e tempo" e ai "Contributi alla filosofia", rappresentano i due perni dell’intera impalcatura. A partire dalle tesi centrali emerse dal confronto con l’opera del 1927, ed in particolare con la “triade” concettuale situazione emotiva-comprensione-discorso, è stato esplorato a ritroso il periodo dell’insegnamento friburghese e marburghese, cui è dedicato il primo capitolo. Sul biennio 1929-1930, inteso come fase di transizione tra l’ontologia fondamentale ed il pensiero della storia dell’essere, è invece incentrato il terzo capitolo, che analizza in particolare le esperienze pre-ermeneutiche dell’angoscia e della noia profonda. Infine, i risultati ottenuti dal confronto con "Essere e tempo" ed i "Contributi" vengono assunti nel quinto capitolo come «chiavi ermeneutiche» per accedere agli scritti appartenenti agli anni ’30-’60, nei quali viene sondata l’origine emotiva del filosofare e del Poetare in quanto modalità essenziali del dire.
Bolaños, Yáñez María Angélica. « El narrador de la literatura infantil maravillosa a partir de su carga mítica, lírica y emotiva en “Hay nubes de colores en el cielo de Huamanga" ». Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/4185.
Texte intégralTesis
GABOLA, PIERA. « Burnout degli insegnanti e fattori sociale, emotivo e cognitivo. Presentazione di due studi ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/18767.
Texte intégralMatricardi, Giada. « Se soffri, resto e ti aiuto, o scappo e penso a me ? L'influenza di fattori individuali e contestuali sulla responsività empatica, sui comportamenti prosociali e autocentrati in bambini di età prescolare ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421763.
Texte intégralIn letteratura esiste un florido filone di ricerca che, nell’ultimo trentennio, ha sistematicamente studiato come si sviluppano e si manifestano nei bambini di età prescolare, la responsività empatica e i comportamenti prosociali o autocentrati che possono farvi seguito. In questo ambito di studi un settore ancora poco esplorato è quello dello studio degli antecedenti (individuali e situazionali) che preludono alle risposte empatiche e ne influenzano l’espressione. Il presente lavoro di tesi esplora in che modo fattori individuali (effortful control) e situazionali (presenza nel contesto di indici espressivi e/o situazionali; intensità dello stimolo manifestato, e possibilità di allontanarsi dalla sofferenza dell’altro) considerati separatamente o in interazione tra loro influenzano la responsività empatica, i comportamenti prosociali o autocentrati (autoconforto, evitamento) nei bambini di età prescolare. Obiettivo di un primo studio è indagare il ruolo che gli indici espressivi (espressioni facciali e comportamento che esplicitano l’emozione provata dall’altro) e situazionali (cioè eventi che potrebbero suscitare un particolare vissuto nell’altro) presenti separatamente e congiuntamente rivestono nell’elicitare manifestazioni empatiche, comportamenti prosociali o autocentrati in bambini (N=120) di 3 e 5 anni in risposta alla tristezza osservata in un adulto. E’ stata utilizzata una tecnica osservativa. In termini evolutivi i risultati dello studio portano un primo contributo empirico al modello teorico di Bischof-Köhler(1991) che ipotizza che nel corso dell’età prescolare, i bambini, riuscendo a padroneggiare meccanismi cognitivi progressivamente più sofisticati, hanno accesso a forme di empatia più mature, che consentono loro di cogliere il punto di vista dell’altro e di comprendere, con maggior chiarezza rispetto ai bambini più piccoli, la sua situazione sulla base degli indici situazionali presenti nel contesto. A 3 anni i risultati evidenziano un’influenza differenziale della presenza congiunta o separata degli stimoli espressivi e situazionali nell’elicitare risposte empatiche, prosociali o autocentrate. A 5 anni quando è presente esclusivamente lo stimolo espressivo i bambini tendono a mostrare comportamenti autocentrati più frequenti e duraturi. Questo risultato potrebbe essere riconducibile ad una difficoltà dei bambini nel gestire il vissuto condiviso in assenza di una causa evidente; ovvero a differenze inter-individuali nella capacità di regolare le proprie emozioni. Per approfondire questa questione si è ci si è chiesti se fattori individuali legati alla regolazione di sé, potessero influire sulla responsività empatica. In particolare, si è inteso studiare l’influenza sull’empatia di tratto di variabili temperamentali che fin dai primi anni di vita sembrerebbe essere centrale per comprendere le differenze individuali nella regolazione affettiva e nelle conseguenti risposte comportamentali dei bambini di età prescolare in risposta agli stimoli sociali: l’effortful control e l’impulsività L’effortful control è definibile come la dimensione auto-regolativa del temperamento (Rothbart et al., 1994) che si esplicita nella capacità di sopprimere intenzionalmente e attivamente una risposta dominante per attivarne una subdominante sulla base delle richieste del contesto (Eisenberg & Spinrad, 2004; Rothbart & Bates, 2006). L’impulsività è invece definita come una dimensione reattiva di undercontrol riconoscibile in individui che si gettano a capofitto nelle situazioni senza un’adeguata riflessione (Arsenio, 1994; Eisenberg, 2002; Spinrad et al., 2006). Evidenze empiriche sottolineano come l’effortful control sia associato ad un positivo sviluppo sociale, e come l’impulsività sia associata ad un detrimento dello sviluppo delle competenze sociali nei bambini (Eisenberg & Morris, 2002). Numerosi studi hanno rilevato che bambini con alti livelli di effortful control, mostrano alti livelli di empatia e sympathy (Rothbart et al.1994; Eisenberg, Fabes, Murphy, Karbon, et al., 1996; Eisenberg, Fabes, Shepard, et al., 1998; Murphy, Shepard, Eisenberg, Fabes, & Guthrie, 1999; Eisenberg et al, 2006; Rothbart, et al., 2004). Controverse le relazioni tra impulsività ed empatia/sympathy (Eisenberg et al. 2007). In accordo con queste considerazioni, come primo passo (studio 2) sono state validate su un gruppo di 432 bambini italiani di 3-8 anni delle scale parents’- report: la versioni breve (CBQ-SF) del Children’s Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ-Putnam & Rothbart, 2006) per la misura del temperamento, la versione lunga della scala di Effortful Control (Rothbart et al., 2001) e una scala per la misura dell’empatia di tratto (Ahadi & Rothbart, 1994). I risultati hanno confermato un buon adattamento dei modelli ai dati. Quindi (studio 3), è stato testato un modello di equazioni strutturali che verificasse l’influenza differenziale dell’effortful control e dell’impulsività sull’empatia di tratto riferita dai genitori in bambini di 5 anni (N=120). In linea con la letteratura si è rilevata un’ influenza positiva dell’effortful control sull’empatia dei bambini. Nessuna relazione è stata rilevata tra impulsività ed empatia(Eisenberget al., 2007). In un quarto studio, si è indagata l’influenza congiunta dell’effortful control (utilizzando una misura multimetodo) e di fattori contestuali (possibilità di fuga e intensità dello stimolo emotigeno, che mettono in gioco la capacità di autoregolazione) sulle manifestazioni empatiche e i comportamenti prosociali e autocentrati messi in atto da bambini di 5 anni, avvalendosi di una tecnica osservativa. In una prima fase, utilizzando una CFA, si è verificata su un gruppo di bambini di 5 anni (N=228) la tenuta di una misura multi metodo di effortful control composta dai punteggi parents’- report che i bambini hanno ottenuto alla versione italiana della scala del CBQ (Rothbart, 2001) e dai punteggi ottenuti ad una prova osservativa di persistenza dell’attenzione (Puzzle task, Eisenberg et al. 2004). Quindi, utilizzando un modello di equazioni strutturali si è riconfermata l’influenza dell’effortful control (riferito dai genitori e osservato nei bambini) sull’empatia di tratto riferita dai genitori. A questo punto ci si è focalizzati sull’obiettivo centrale dello studio. Le differenze tra i bambini (165 dei 228 partecipanti iniziali) con alto e basso effortful control sono state testate utilizzando un disegno fattoriale 2 x 2 con due fattori tra soggetti: uno rappresentato dai due livelli di difficoltà che incontrano i bambini per allontanarsi dalla situazione sperimentale (fuga facile vs fuga difficile) e uno rappresentato da due livelli di intensità con cui lo sperimentatore manifesta tristezza (alta intensità verso moderata intensità). I risultati indicano che i fattori situazionali (possibilità di fuga e intensità) interagiscono nell’influenzare le risposte empatiche, determinando una maggiore responsività dei bambini quando è difficile allontanarsi dalla sofferenza dell’altro e lo stimolo emotigeno è più intenso. Non si è rilevata un’incidenza dell’effortful control sul manifestarsi di espressioni empatiche. D’altro canto l’effortful control congiuntamente ai fattori situazionali influenza la messa in atto di comportamenti autocentrati. Presi complessivamente questi risultati suggeriscono l’importanza di restituire complessità allo studio dell’empatia nell’età prescolare, considerando le interazioni tra la dimensione individuale autoregolativa e le caratteristiche della situazione emotigena, per comprendere e interpretare con maggiore chiarezza le manifestazioni osservabili di empatia dei bambini e pensare corsi di prevenzione primaria che possano più efficacemente incidere sullo sviluppo della competenza empatica promuovendo condotte prosociali.