Articles de revues : « Emergenza climatica »

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Carducci, Michele. « Natura, cambiamento climatico, democrazia locale ». DIRITTO COSTITUZIONALE, n^o 3 (octobre 2020) : 67–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/dc2020-003004.

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Lo studio esplora dibattiti ed esperienze in tema di democrazia locale, natura e cambiamento climatico, proponendo una comparazione fondata sulle critiche ecologiche al diritto ambientale. In primo luogo, esso ricostruisce il nesso fra i tre elementi e individua le principali critiche ecologiche alla democrazia ambientale. Quindi considera i due modelli di partecipazione ambientale ("ottativa" e "prescrittiva") offerti dalla comparazione, nel quadro della triplice emergenza contemporanea (ecosistemica, climatica e fossile), diversa dalle già conosciute emergenze ambientali. Infine, considera le prassi di litigation strategy ed "eco-democrazia" in quanto reazioni a queste emergenze, nella contestuale individuazio-ne del "mandato climatico" quale nuova prescrizione deliberativa di "protezione sostenibile".

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Макаров, Владимир, et Vladimir Makarov. « Global epizoothology ». Russian veterinary journal 2019, n^o 6 (27 novembre 2019) : 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32416/2500-4379-2019-2019-6-26-35.

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The global distribution of infections at the current period is based on the objective territorial and geographical prerequisites of the most general character that is natural and climatic conditions, factors of zoographic and socio-economic order. The general trends of macroevolution of the epizootic process consist in a radical change in the nature of its development and manifestation from a continuous chain of consecutive infections to outbreak and quantum phenomena. The real cause for the occurrence of emergent diseases are unpredictable changes in relationships in the host-pathogen-environment systems mainly the involvement of new susceptible contingents in the existing parasitic and other natural infectious systems. Mechanisms that determine emergence are is to the biological mutability of pathogens, anthropogenic interventions or spontaneous natural phenomena including emergency situations and bioterrorism. International trade and various connections are important factors of global epizootological risk and the cause of emergent infections of all categories, their invasion into new territories, rooting in new territorial-natural complexes. Key words: lecture, general epizootology, global distribution of infections, emergence.

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El-Sayed, Amr, et Mohamed Kamel. « Climatic changes and their role in emergence and re-emergence of diseases ». Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, n^o 18 (28 avril 2020) : 22336–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08896-w.

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Bertin, Mattia, Denis Maragno et Francesco Musco. « Pianificare l'adattamento al cambiamento climatico come gestione di una macro-emergenza locale ». TERRITORIO, n^o 89 (novembre 2019) : 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2019-089018.

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Vadivel, Karthi K. « Emergency Restoration of High Voltage Transmission Lines ». Open Civil Engineering Journal 11, n^o 1 (15 octobre 2017) : 778–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501711010778.

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Background:Blackouts on high voltage (HV) transmission lines occur due to harsh weather and non-climatic reasons such as human errors and mechanical failures. While it is impossible to prevent all such situations, utility officials and contractors can be equipped to meet such emergencies.Objective:This paper discusses: (1) the economic impact of climatic events in the USA and economic justification for having Emergency Restoration (ER) plans and, (2) emergency restoration procedures for downed transmission lines in Oman. Key aspects of emergency restoration procedures are discussed.

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Abrecht, DG, et KL Bristow. « Coping with soil and climatic hazards during crop establishment in the semi-arid tropics ». Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, n^o 8 (1996) : 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960971.

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Climatic induced hazards (e.g. water deficit, high soil temperature and high soil strength) that adversely affect seedling emergence and establishment of annual crops on red earth soils (Kandsols) at Katherine in the Daly basin of the Northern Territory are reviewed and results of some recent simulation studies and experiments are presented. Simulation studies, using 100 years of historical weather data, have shown that maize and sorghum density at Katherine is rarely reduced by water deficit during crop establishment. However, the median number of days between 1 December and 20 January during which seedlings may be exposed to damagingly high soil temperature (>55�C between 2 and 7 days after sowing) was 5.5, out of an estimated 21 days suitable for sowing. While the exposure of a crop to inclement conditions during establishment may have immediate and dramatic effects on the mortality of pre-emergent and post-emergent seedlings, there may also be longer-term and less evident adverse effects on crop growth and development. The responses of developing seedlings to inclement conditions following sowing are described and management options (eg adjusting planting dates, changing crop species, changing seedbed configurations, using surface mulch) for the amelioration of the seedbed environment are discussed. Of the possible management options for ameliorating adverse seedbed conditions during crop establishment in the semi-arid tropics (SAT), it appears that the best practice is to maintain a soil surface cover (mulch) in close proximity to the emerging seedlings. The presence of surface mulch extends the window of opportunity for establishing crops by slowing soil drying, delaying the onset of high soil temperatures and high soil impedance, and by improving the availability of water to the young seedlings at this critical stage.

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FAYOSE, Chris Adegoke, et Morakinyo Abiodun Bamidele FAKOREDE. « Maize seedling emergence in response to climatic variability in a tropical rainforest area ». Acta agriculturae Slovenica 117, n^o 2 (14 juillet 2021) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2021.117.2.2082.

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<p>Environmental factors causing low seedling emergence often observed in tropical maize (Zea mays L.) are poorly documented. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of weather factors on maize seedling emergence at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching and Research Farm (OAU TRF). Five maize varieties sown weekly, in 3-replicate RCBD experiments throughout the 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons, were used to monitor emergence percentage (E %), emergence index (EI) and emergence rate index (ERI). Climatic data were obtained from the automatic weather station located on the farm. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) environmental effect for all traits. Soil moisture (Sm), relative humidity, air temperature, heat unit and soil heat flux (SHF) showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) correlation coefficients with all traits, but there was no relationship between the emergence traits and grain yield. Stepwise multiple regression and sequential path coefficient analyses indicated that increased Sm, rather than rainfall per se, increased the speed of emergence. Minimum air temperature and SHF with direct effects, and heat unit with indirect effect, negatively affected emergence the most. Relatively low Tmin and SHF, along with just enough Sm maximized seedling emergence in the rainforest agro-ecology of southwestern Nigeria.</p>

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Henry, Donald O., Carlos E. Cordova, Marta Portillo, Rosa-María Albert, Regina DeWitt et Aline Emery-Barbier. « Blame it on the goats ? Desertification in the Near East during the Holocene ». Holocene 27, n^o 5 (1 septembre 2016) : 625–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683616670470.

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The degree to which desertification during the Holocene resulted from climatic deterioration or alternatively from overgrazing has puzzled Quaternary scientists in many arid regions of the world. In the research reported upon here, a multi-disciplinary investigation of a 5-m deep, ~11,000-year-old sediment column excavated in a dry lake bed in southern Jordan revealed an early interval in which proxies of plant cover and sheep/goat stocking rates co-varied directly with climatic cycles. Beginning ~5.6 kcal BP, however, this pattern changed with fecal spherulite and phytolith densities failing to co-vary and with spherulites often greatly exceeding phytolith densities, which we suggest is indicative of overgrazing. Moreover, the lack of agreement between the high phytolith densities and other indicators of a desert landscape (i.e. geomorphic and palynologic) suggests that phytolith densities were inflated by fodder subsidies and as such are not entirely reflective of plant cover for this later interval. Given the co-incidental emergence of overgrazing with archaeological evidence for a marked rise in regional population, emergence of widespread trade, and expansion of the Timnian pastoral complex during Chalcolithic–early Bronze times, we argue that desertification was a consequence of socio-economic factors (e.g. higher stocking rates) associated with a shift from a subsistence to a market economy. In addition, we contend that the signature lithic artifact variety (tabular scraper) that appeared in great abundance during this period was directly tied to the emergent market economy and its secondary products (wool) in having been used to shear sheep. Moreover, in that these changes took place largely concurrent with local and regionally recognized evidence of a moist interval, we conclude that the mid- to late-Holocene desertification of the southern Levant was induced more by anthropogenic than climatic factors.

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Prokopenko, Olga. « PECULIARITIES OF THE MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PROCESS IN A REGION WITH UNSTABLE NATURAL AND CLIMATE ». Information and Public Safety, n^o 2021-2 (15 mai 2021) : 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53029/2786-4529-2021-2-4.

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The solution of the problem of determining the features of the process of emergency management of medical and biological nature in the region with unstable natural and climatic conditions in the conditions of constantly changing information load on the crisis management bodies is considered. Within the framework of the set task the modern tendencies of change of natural and climatic conditions in Ukraine and their influence on dynamics of distribution of medical and biological danger are analyzed. To consider the natural and climatic features of medical and biological emergency management on the example of the Cherkasy region as a region with unstable natural and climatic conditions. The obtained results allow, using innovative organizational and technical methods of prevention of emergencies of a similar nature, to further form a modern method of counteracting emergencies of medical and biological nature, supplementing these methods with an effective system of crisis management. It is determined that on the territory of Ukraine there is a sharp and heterogeneous change of weather and climatic conditions, which leads to potential negative consequences, as a man-made ecological nature, namely: thermal overload of a number of territories; increase of flooding areas; reduction of areas and violation of the species composition of green areas; increase of natural hydrometeorological phenomena; reduction of quantity and deterioration of drinking water quality; disruption of the normal functioning of energy systems and medical and biological nature, namely the increase in the number of infectious diseases and allergic manifestations, their modification and uncharacteristic growth and change of distribution areas; secondly, the nature of changes in weather and climatic characteristics in the Cherkasy region of Ukraine and its corresponding territorial location in relation to global climatic world processes defines the latter as a region with unstable weather and climatic conditions that territorially inhomogeneously affect the spread of medical and biological emergencies. Key words: emergency situation, mathematical model, medical and biological danger, anti-crisis management, unstable natural and climatic conditions.

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Polyakov, Aleksey Vasilievich, Vitaly Mikhailovich Usov, Boris Ivanovich Kryuchkov, Yu P. Chernyshev et A. I. Motienko. « Innovative Solutions for Searching, Rescuing, and Rendering Assistance to Cosmonauts on the Forced Landing Place of the Descent Module Under Extreme Conditions of the Northern Climatic Zone ». MANNED SPACEFLIGHT, n^o 2(31) (4 juin 2019) : 76–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.34131/msf.19.2.76-95.

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The paper considers new approaches to the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and associated technologies of emergency warning under extreme conditions of the northern climatic zones for expanding the search and rescue capabilities in case of the forced landing of the descent module (DM). The paper also analyzes the innovative solutions on the human protection against adverse environmental effects and the means for emergency medical care that are delivered to the landing place of the descent module and allow mitigating risks for surviving under unfavorable climatic conditions prior the evacuation operations begin.

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Kamana, Eric, Jijun Zhao et Di Bai. « Predicting the impact of climate change on the re-emergence of malaria cases in China using LSTMSeq2Seq deep learning model : a modelling and prediction analysis study ». BMJ Open 12, n^o 3 (mars 2022) : e053922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053922.

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ObjectivesMalaria is a vector-borne disease that remains a serious public health problem due to its climatic sensitivity. Accurate prediction of malaria re-emergence is very important in taking corresponding effective measures. This study aims to investigate the impact of climatic factors on the re-emergence of malaria in mainland China.DesignA modelling study.Setting and participantsMonthly malaria cases for four Plasmodium species (P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. vivax and other Plasmodium) and monthly climate data were collected for 31 provinces; malaria cases from 2004 to 2016 were obtained from the Chinese centre for disease control and prevention and climate parameters from China meteorological data service centre. We conducted analyses at the aggregate level, and there was no involvement of confidential information.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe long short-term memory sequence-to-sequence (LSTMSeq2Seq) deep neural network model was used to predict the re-emergence of malaria cases from 2004 to 2016, based on the influence of climatic factors. We trained and tested the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), gated recurrent unit, LSTM, LSTMSeq2Seq models using monthly malaria cases and corresponding meteorological data in 31 provinces of China. Then we compared the predictive performance of models using root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error evaluation measures.ResultsThe proposed LSTMSeq2Seq model reduced the mean RMSE of the predictions by 19.05% to 33.93%, 18.4% to 33.59%, 17.6% to 26.67% and 13.28% to 21.34%, for P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and other plasmodia, respectively, as compared with other candidate models. The LSTMSeq2Seq model achieved an average prediction accuracy of 87.3%.ConclusionsThe LSTMSeq2Seq model significantly improved the prediction of malaria re-emergence based on the influence of climatic factors. Therefore, the LSTMSeq2Seq model can be effectively applied in the malaria re-emergence prediction.

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Sabir, Saya Salam, et Garmyan Mohemmed Ahmad. « The effect of morphoclimatic Processes on the development of landforms in the Bamo district ». Halabja University Journal 7, n^o 3 (30 septembre 2022) : 124–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32410/huj-10425.

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Geomorphological processes are considered one of the most important mean that have a significant role in the emergence and change of topography, and based on the reason for their emergence; these processes can be divided into some sorts of processes such as morpho tectonic, morpho climatic, morpho kinetic. In this study, we focus on morpho climatic processes that have a major role in the change of terrain and the emergence of new topography in the Bemo region. This is done with the help of all branches of the weathering process (mechanical weathering, chemical weathering, biological weathering), and erosion factors in all its branches (raindrop erosion, running water erosion, wind erosion), with the exception of sedimentation factors (aquatic and aerobic precipitation). To show the impact of climatic Morpho processes on the development of landforms in the Bemo region, which is the main objective of the study, the study was divided into an introduction and three main axes, and for this analytical methods were used. In conclusion, the results of weathering and erosion processes in the study area were presented, and based on the results, the study included some suggestions.

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Wingfield, John C., Jonathan H. Pérez, Jesse S. Krause, Karen R. Word, Paulina L. González-Gómez, Simeon Lisovski et Helen E. Chmura. « How birds cope physiologically and behaviourally with extreme climatic events ». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences 372, n^o 1723 (8 mai 2017) : 20160140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0140.

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As global climate change progresses, the occurrence of potentially disruptive climatic events such as storms are increasing in frequency, duration and intensity resulting in higher mortality and reduced reproductive success. What constitutes an extreme climatic event? First we point out that extreme climatic events in biological contexts can occur in any environment. Focusing on field and laboratory data on wild birds we propose a mechanistic approach to defining and investigating what extreme climatic events are and how animals cope with them at physiological and behavioural levels. The life cycle of birds is made up of life-history stages such as migration, breeding and moult that evolved to match a range of environmental conditions an individual might expect during the year. When environmental conditions deteriorate and deviate from the expected range then the individual must trigger coping mechanisms (emergency life-history stage) that will disrupt the temporal progression of life-history stages, but enhance survival. Using the framework of allostasis, we argue that an extreme climatic event in biological contexts can be defined as when the cumulative resources available to an individual are exceeded by the sum of its energetic costs—a state called allostatic overload. This allostatic overload triggers the emergency life-history stage that temporarily allows the individual to cease regular activities in an attempt to survive extreme conditions. We propose that glucocorticoid hormones play a major role in orchestrating coping mechanisms and are critical for enduring extreme climatic events. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Behavioural, ecological and evolutionary responses to extreme climatic events’.

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Ordonez, Alejandro, John W. Williams et Jens-Christian Svenning. « Mapping climatic mechanisms likely to favour the emergence of novel communities ». Nature Climate Change 6, n^o 12 (19 septembre 2016) : 1104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3127.

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DORADO, J., E. SOUSA, I. M. CALHA, J. L. GONZÁLEZ-ANDÚJAR et C. FERNÁNDEZ-QUINTANILLA. « Predicting weed emergence in maize crops under two contrasting climatic conditions ». Weed Research 49, n^o 3 (juin 2009) : 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2008.00690.x.

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Bavec, F., et S. G. Mlakar. « Effects of soil and climatic conditions on emergence of grain amaranths ». European Journal of Agronomy 17, n^o 2 (septembre 2002) : 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1161-0301(01)00144-7.

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Vâţă, Andrei, Carmen Dorobăţ, Luminiţa Gina Vâţă et Cătălina Mihaela Luca. « BOLI EMERGENTE ŞI RE-EMERGENTE – AMENINŢAREA CONTINUĂ ». Romanian Journal of Infectious Diseases 20, n^o 2 (30 juin 2017) : 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjid.2017.2.6.

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Bolile infecţioase au urmărit dezvoltarea omului încă din cele mai fragede timpuri, deseori influenţând-o în mod esenţial. Considerate ca o „specie“ pe cale de dispariţie în a doua jumătate a secolului al XX-lea, acestea continuă să constituie o ameninţare considerabilă asupra sănătăţii individuale sau a celei publice. Perfecţionarea tehnicilor de diagnostic, schimbările climatice, creşterea mobilităţii populaţiei, scăderea acoperii vaccinale sunt doar câţiva factori care au contribuit în ultimii ani la apariţia şi răspândirea rapidă unor noi agenţi patogeni sau a reapariţiei unor boli considerate de acum istorice. Majoritatea acestor agenţi infecţioşi (Zika, Ebola, Chikungunya, MERS, SARS, noile virusuri gripale), pentru care există puţine resurse terapeutice, au stat la baza unor izbucniri epidemice cu caracter regional sau global, ce au generat îngrijorarea comunităţii medicale, deseori panică la nivelul populaţiei şi pierderi economice semnificative. Comunitatea internaţională şi medicală s-a mobilizat şi implicat din punct de vedere financiar, logistic, uneori cu sacrificiul propriei vieţi în combaterea acestor noi ameninţări. Înţelegerea rapidă a procesului epidemiologic, a patogeniei, dezvoltarea metodelor de diagnostic şi prevenţie au contribuit în multe cazuri la limitarea răspândirii bolilor emergente şi constituie baza pentru combaterea lor în viitor.

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Loddo, Donato, Edite Sousa, Roberta Masin, Isabel Calha, Giuseppe Zanin, César Fernández-Quintanilla et José Dorado. « Estimation and Comparison of Base Temperatures for Germination of European Populations of Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) and Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) ». Weed Science 61, n^o 3 (septembre 2013) : 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-12-00162.1.

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Weed emergence models require biological parameters such as base temperature for germination, determination of which is costly and time-consuming. Transferability of these parameters across different populations may therefore represent one of the main constraints for the development and practical use of emergence models at a large scale. A collaborative project was undertaken to assess the interpopulation variability of base temperature for germination in different European populations of velvetleaf and jimsonweed and evaluate possible applicative consequences in terms of weed control. Seeds were collected in Italy, Portugal, and Spain, and each population was then sown in every country, obtaining nine seed batches named as experimental lots. Base temperature for germination was estimated for each experimental lot to calculate lot-specific accumulation of growing degree days (GDD) under three dissimilar climatic scenarios. Threshold date (TD50) was calculated as the date when GDD accumulation of a given experimental lot surpassed the values corresponding to 50% of cumulative field emergence of seedlings. GDD accumulation and TD50were then used as indicators to identify differences among experimental lots within each climatic scenario. No significant differences were detected among base temperatures estimated for velvetleaf experimental lots or among their patterns of accumulation of GDD and TD50values within climatic scenarios. Each value of base temperature determined for a single experimental lot could therefore be adopted to model germination for all the lots regardless of the population of origin or cultivation site. In contrast, the population of origin affected the base temperature for jimsonweed, with significantly higher values for experimental lots of the Portuguese population. From an applicative perspective, differences among patterns of accumulation of GDD and TD50of several experimental lots within each climatic scenario suggest the need to use population-specific values as base temperature for germination and emergence modeling of jimsonweed.

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Lynam, Christopher Philip, Marcos Llope, Christian Möllmann, Pierre Helaouët, Georgia Anne Bayliss-Brown et Nils C. Stenseth. « Interaction between top-down and bottom-up control in marine food webs ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, n^o 8 (6 février 2017) : 1952–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1621037114.

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Climate change and resource exploitation have been shown to modify the importance of bottom-up and top-down forces in ecosystems. However, the resulting pattern of trophic control in complex food webs is an emergent property of the system and thus unintuitive. We develop a statistical nondeterministic model, capable of modeling complex patterns of trophic control for the heavily impacted North Sea ecosystem. The model is driven solely by fishing mortality and climatic variables and based on time-series data covering >40 y for six plankton and eight fish groups along with one bird group (>20 y). Simulations show the outstanding importance of top-down exploitation pressure for the dynamics of fish populations. Whereas fishing effects on predators indirectly altered plankton abundance, bottom-up climatic processes dominate plankton dynamics. Importantly, we show planktivorous fish to have a central role in the North Sea food web initiating complex cascading effects across and between trophic levels. Our linked model integrates bottom-up and top-down effects and is able to simulate complex long-term changes in ecosystem components under a combination of stressor scenarios. Our results suggest that in marine ecosystems, pathways for bottom-up and top-down forces are not necessarily mutually exclusive and together can lead to the emergence of complex patterns of control.

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Schwartzman, David, et Charles H. Lineweaver. « Precambrian Surface Temperatures and Molecular Phylogeny ». Symposium - International Astronomical Union 213 (2004) : 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900193532.

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The timing of emergence of major organismal groups is consistent with the climatic temperature being equal to their upper temperature limit of growth (Tmax), implying a temperature constraint on the evolution of each group, with the climatic temperature inferred from the oxygen isotope record of marine cherts. Support for this constraint comes from the correlation of Tmax with the rRNA molecular phylogenetic distance from the last common ancestor (LCA) for both thermophilic Archaea and Bacteria. In particular, this correlation for hyperthermophilic Archaea suggests a climatic temperature of about 120°C at the time of the LCA, likely in the Hadean.

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Signorelli, Salvatore Santo, Gea Oliveri Conti, Giuseppe Carpinteri, Giovanni Lumera, Maria Fiore, Giuseppe Dattilo, Agostino Gaudio et Margherita Ferrante. « Venous thromboembolism in hospital emergency room. A retrospective study on climatic effect ». Environmental Research 197 (juin 2021) : 110950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.110950.

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Facter, Kenneth. « Asthma and climatic conditions : Experience from Bermuda, an isolated island community ». Annals of Emergency Medicine 16, n^o 8 (août 1987) : 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(87)80547-4.

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Jagadesh, Soushieta, Marine Combe et Rodolphe Elie Gozlan. « Human-Altered Landscapes and Climate to Predict Human Infectious Disease Hotspots ». Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, n^o 7 (1 juillet 2022) : 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7070124.

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Background: Zoonotic diseases account for more than 70% of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). Due to their increasing incidence and impact on global health and the economy, the emergence of zoonoses is a major public health challenge. Here, we use a biogeographic approach to predict future hotspots and determine the factors influencing disease emergence. We have focused on the following three viral disease groups of concern: Filoviridae, Coronaviridae, and Henipaviruses. Methods: We modelled presence–absence data in spatially explicit binomial and zero-inflation binomial logistic regressions with and without autoregression. Presence data were extracted from published studies for the three EID groups. Various environmental and demographical rasters were used to explain the distribution of the EIDs. True Skill Statistic and deviance parameters were used to compare the accuracy of the different models. Results: For each group of viruses, we were able to identify and map areas at high risk of disease emergence based on the spatial distribution of the disease reservoirs and hosts of the three viral groups. Common influencing factors of disease emergence were climatic covariates (minimum temperature and rainfall) and human-induced land modifications. Conclusions: Using topographical, climatic, and previous disease outbreak reports, we can identify and predict future high-risk areas for disease emergence and their specific underlying human and environmental drivers. We suggest that such a predictive approach to EIDs should be carefully considered in the development of active surveillance systems for pathogen emergence and epidemics at local and global scales.

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Chen, Huapeng, et Peter L. Jackson. « Climatic conditions for emergence and flight of mountain pine beetle : implications for long-distance dispersal ». Canadian Journal of Forest Research 47, n^o 7 (juillet 2017) : 974–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2016-0510.

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A significant shift in the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, 1902) range has been attributed to long-distance dispersal from the observed spatiotemporal patterns of beetle infestations in the recent outbreak in western Canada. However, long-distance dispersal is still the least understood aspect of mountain pine beetle ecology. In particular, the mechanisms responsible for the three major phases of long-distance dispersal, the ascent, transport, and descent, are poorly known. In this study, we used the North American Regional Reanalysis meteorological data (1999–2010) to determine climate conditions under and above the forest canopy during mountain pine beetle emergence and flight at the landscape scale. We found that climate conditions are distinct during emergence and flight. They provide an ideal underlying environment to facilitate the potential long-distance dispersal. Climate conditions are unstable under the forest canopy during emergence, which would help loft beetles above the forest canopy to initiate long-distance dispersal. The first direct evidence from wind directions above the forest canopy suggests that atmospheric transportation of mountain pine beetle in the planetary boundary layer is aided by wind.

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Wang, Zhengyang, Darong Yang, Rawal Janak et Naomi E. Pierce. « Report on the Emergence Time of a Species of Thitarodes Ghost Moth (Lepidoptera : Hepialidae), Host of the Caterpillar Fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Ascomycota : Ophiocordycipitaceae) in Uttarakhand, India ». Journal of Economic Entomology 113, n^o 4 (25 mai 2020) : 2031–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa096.

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Abstract Ghost moths in the genus Thitarodes Viette, 1968, are hosts of the economically important caterpillar fungus, which is harvested in high mountain meadows across the Hengduan mountains and the Himalayas. In northwestern India, although caterpillar fungus has been collected in the state of Uttarakhand, no adults of Thitarodes species have been recorded. We report the sighting of a female pupa of Thitarodes sp. and its last-instar molt at Munsiyari, Uttarakhand, India, on 5 July 2019 and estimate that the adult emergence time in this habitat should be late July or early August. Although the habitats of caterpillar fungus in Uttarakhand are geographically closer to those in Nepal, they are climatically more similar to habitats of caterpillar fungus in Qinghai province in China. Among records at the same elevation, climatic variables are highly predictive of the emergence date of Thitarodes adults (adjusted-R2: 0.7925, F = 6.27, P = 0.03). Our result highlights the role of the Himalayan mountains as both a north–south climatic barrier and an east–west climatic gradient. We encourage local stakeholders and scientists in Uttarakhand to survey adult emergences of Thitarodes from July to mid-August.

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Polkovskaya, M. N., et M. A. Yakupova. « Analysis of the Causes of Emergency Shutdowns on Electric Networks ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2096, n^o 1 (1 novembre 2021) : 012130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2096/1/012130.

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Abstract The paper analyses the causes of emergency outages on electric networks according to the data of the Pravoberezhny district of Irkutsk for 2008-2017, according to which 82% of failures of elements of the electric network are caused by breakdowns and equipment failure; 9% are due to the influence of external factors; 5% occurred due to natural and climatic reasons, 4% – due to other circumstances. The largest number of outages due to operational reasons occurs due to damage to cable and overhead lines. Accidents caused by the influence of external factors are mainly associated with the negative impact of people, animals and birds. Equipment failures related to natural and climatic factors are mainly due to wind or thunderstorms. Other circumstances, as a rule, include staff errors and unidentified reasons. Calculations of undersupply of electricity and economic losses caused by interruptions in power supply were made. It should be noted that in order to reduce the number of equipment failures, it is necessary to carry out timely maintenance and reconstruction of various elements of electrical networks.

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González-Vidal, Aurora, José Mendoza-Bernal, Alfonso P. Ramallo, Miguel Ángel Zamora, Vicente Martínez et Antonio F. Skarmeta. « Smart Operation of Climatic Systems in a Greenhouse ». Agriculture 12, n^o 10 (19 octobre 2022) : 1729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12101729.

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The purpose of our work is to leverage the use of artificial intelligence for the emergence of smart greenhouses. Greenhouse agriculture is a sustainable solution for food crises and therefore data-based decision-support mechanisms are needed to optimally use them. Our study anticipates how the combination of climatic systems will affect the temperature and humidity of the greenhouse. More specifically, our methodology anticipates if a set-point will be reached in a given time by a combination of climatic systems and estimates the humidity at that time. We performed exhaustive data analytics processing that includes the interpolation of missing values and data augmentation, and tested several classification and regression algorithms. Our method can predict with a 90% accuracy if, under current conditions, a combination of climatic systems will reach a fixed temperature set-point, and it is also able to estimate the humidity with a 2.83% CVRMSE. We integrated our methodology on a three-layer holistic IoT platform that is able to collect, fuse and analyze real data in a seamless way.

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Parvin, Rokshana, Ahmed Ali, Abdou Nagy, Zheng Zhu, Suhui Zhao, Alok K. Paul, Hafez M. Hafez et Awad A. Shehata. « Monkeypox virus : A comprehensive review of taxonomy, evolution, epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and control regiments so far ». German Journal of Microbiology 2, n^o 2 (2022) : 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51585/gjm.2022.2.0014.

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Poxviruses as a group have variable levels of host ranges and virulence. For example, smallpox, which is caused by the variola virus, only infects humans with fatal outcomes, whereas related viruses, such as cowpox viruses can infect multiple hosts, but only cause mild disease in humans. Recently, the monkeypox virus (MPXV) re-emerged and infected over 780 human cases in over 20 countries worldwide at the time of writing this review. It has been shown before not only monkeys play a role in the transmission of MPXV to humans, but also rodents (Cricetomys gambianus, and Graphiurus murinus) and squirrels (Heliosciurus spp, Funisciurus spp). In addition, anthropogenic actions, such as deforestation, climatic changes, animal-human interfacing, globalization, and the cessation of smallpox vaccination, could contribute to the re-emergence of MPXV. Herein, we review the current nomenclature, epidemiology, genetic diversity of poxviruses, particularly MPXV, and the control regiments, including available antivirals and vaccines. We further highlight the genetic relatedness of the emergent MPXV viruses to know viral lineage using phylogenetic analysis.

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Fogarty, M. E., et F. H. Smith. « Late pleistocene climatic reconstruction in North Africa and the emergence of modern Europeans ». Human Evolution 2, n^o 4 (août 1987) : 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02436494.

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Woods, A. J., J. Martín-García, L. Bulman, M. W. Vasconcelos, J. Boberg, N. La Porta, H. Peredo et al. « Dothistroma needle blight, weather and possible climatic triggers for the disease's recent emergence ». Forest Pathology 46, n^o 5 (29 janvier 2016) : 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/efp.12248.

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Chae, Joon-Seok, Jennifer Zipser Adjemian, Heung-Chul Kim, Sungjin Ko, Terry A. Klein et Janet Foley. « Predicting the Emergence of Tick-Borne Infections Based on Climatic Changes in Korea ». Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 8, n^o 2 (avril 2008) : 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2007.0190.

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D’Souza, R. M., N. G. Becker, G. Hall, T. Kjellstrom, H. Bambrick, L. Kelsall, I. Hanigan et C. Guest. « CLIMATIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HOSPITALISATIONS AND EMERGENCY ROOM PRESENTATIONS FOR DIARRHOEA IN CHILDREN ». Epidemiology 16, n^o 5 (septembre 2005) : S60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200509000-00143.

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Dewar, R. C., et A. D. Watt. « Predicted changes in the synchrony of larval emergence and budburst under climatic warming ». Oecologia 89, n^o 4 (avril 1992) : 557–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00317163.

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Muhammad, Asim, Abdul Basıt et Misbahullah. « Effect of climatic zones and sowing dates on maize emergence and leaf parameters ». Acta Ecologica Sinica 39, n^o 6 (décembre 2019) : 461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2018.11.005.

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Lopuch, Piotr, Yulia Hledko et Wang Hao. « Problems of water utilization in different climatic conditions (on the example of Belarus) ». E3S Web of Conferences 163 (2020) : 05007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016305007.

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The article substantiates the necessity for current adjustment of the hydrological districting of the territory of the Republic of Belarus following the transformation of the conditions for the formation of surface flow and the obsolescence of hydrological data on flow monitoring, the emergence of a new climatic factor in the formation of the hydrological regime of rivers.

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Farida, Saci. « The role of ancient palaces in activating tourism within urban settings in Algeria - Case study of Qasr Al-Shalala Tiaret ». Technium Social Sciences Journal 40 (8 février 2023) : 501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v40i1.8297.

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Some of the ancient Algerian cities represent purely historical landmarks that highlight the historical backgrounds of successive civilizations, and with the observed variation in the climatic zones that resulted in the emergence of desert palaces, and are a living example of human adaptation and adaptation to the peculiarities of the region in which they grew up, The palaces are a cultural heritage that reflects the effects of past generations and an urban heritage that expresses to a large degree the specificity that distinguishes the population from the interdependence, values and customs, among these palaces is Al-Shalala Dhahrania. Palace as a stand-alone example through the episodes of history, which represents the first nucleus of its development and emergence. However, what is noticeable about this urban pattern is that it is witnessing great deterioration and neglect due to many changes, some of which are climatic and some of which are due to the random intervention of humans, which in turn affected the specificities of the region.

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Doganay, Zahide, A. Tevfik Sunter, Hatice Guz, Aysen Ozkan, Levent Altintop, Celal Kati, Esra Colak, Dursun Aygun et Hakan Guven. « Climatic and diurnal variation in suicide attempts in the ED ». American Journal of Emergency Medicine 21, n^o 4 (juillet 2003) : 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-6757(03)00039-1.

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Agarwal, D. P. « Last 20,000 years of climatic change ». Journal of Palaeosciences 40 (31 décembre 1991) : 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.1991.1788.

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Recent evidence, especially from continental Asia, shows that there are marked latitudinal differences in global climatic changes. From India, we now have new evidence from Kashmir, Rajasthan and the Arabian Sea which shows that in the north (35°- 40° N latitude) warming had started c. 20,000 yrs BP in Kashmir, Ladakh and Nepal when in higher latitudes it was still the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). At c. 18 Kyr, Butapathri (Kashmir) bogs show emergence of thermophilous plants like Alnus, Juglans, Carpinus at the cost of conifers. A palaeosol on the loess profile of Kashmir is datable to c. 18 Kyr which again shows climatic amelioration. Organic matter from this palaeosol gives δ 13C values of about -24‰ indicating that it was derived from C3 type of vegetation. Presence of an Upper Palaeolithic culture at this time, in Kashmir, again confirms a period of climatic amelioration. From Ladakh, Bhattacharya has inferred climatic amelioration from the higher percentage of Juniper during 20- 20 Kyr period. Similarly in Nepal, a climatic amelioration is indicated. In Rajasthan, c. 18 Kyr is a period of aridity. Maximum sand building activity is TL dated by Singhvi to c. 14 Kyr and just preceeds the strengthening of the monsoon in c. 13 Kyr. Upwelling at c. 13 Kyr in the Arabian Sea has been reported by Anderson et at. (1990) and the French group has shown a similar evidence of monsoon strengthening at c. 13 Kyr based on pollen evidence fom African lakes. Unfortunately, we have only one 14C date from Butapathri which shows that at c. 10 Kyr the cooler oscillation was on its way out and warming had gradually started. We need more closely spaced 14C dates for such profiles. In the Arabian Sea cores the spike at c. 18 Kyr of freshwater (low salinity, low δ 18O, high δ 13C) has been interpreted variously as due to the strengthening of NE monsoon or due to Tibetan ice melt. The role of Tibet in climate forcing is being emphasized by multiple new data. It will be relevant to know what was happening in peninsular India during this period.

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Whitney, Christa L., Lawrence H. Brown et Richard C. Hunt. « Use of local climatic data to determine if weather precludes the operation of an air medical system ». Air Medical Journal 19, n^o 1 (janvier 2000) : 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1067-991x(00)90088-9.

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Calegari, Rafael, Flavio S. Fogliatto, Filipe R. Lucini, Jeruza Neyeloff, Ricardo S. Kuchenbecker et Beatriz D. Schaan. « Forecasting Daily Volume and Acuity of Patients in the Emergency Department ». Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2016 (2016) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3863268.

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This study aimed at analyzing the performance of four forecasting models in predicting the demand for medical care in terms of daily visits in an emergency department (ED) that handles high complexity cases, testing the influence of climatic and calendrical factors on demand behavior. We tested different mathematical models to forecast ED daily visits at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), which is a tertiary care teaching hospital located in Southern Brazil. Model accuracy was evaluated using mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), considering forecasting horizons of 1, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days. The demand time series was stratified according to patient classification using the Manchester Triage System’s (MTS) criteria. Models tested were the simple seasonal exponential smoothing (SS), seasonal multiplicative Holt-Winters (SMHW), seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA), and multivariate autoregressive integrated moving average (MSARIMA). Performance of models varied according to patient classification, such that SS was the best choice when all types of patients were jointly considered, and SARIMA was the most accurate for modeling demands of very urgent (VU) and urgent (U) patients. The MSARIMA models taking into account climatic factors did not improve the performance of the SARIMA models, independent of patient classification.

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Burke, Kevin D., John W. Williams, Simon Brewer, Walter Finsinger, Thomas Giesecke, David J. Lorenz et Alejandro Ordonez. « Differing climatic mechanisms control transient and accumulated vegetation novelty in Europe and eastern North America ». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences 374, n^o 1788 (4 novembre 2019) : 20190218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0218.

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Understanding the mechanisms of climate that produce novel ecosystems is of joint interest to conservation biologists and palaeoecologists. Here, we define and differentiate transient from accumulated novelty and evaluate four climatic mechanisms proposed to cause species to reshuffle into novel assemblages: high climatic novelty, high spatial rates of change (displacement), high variance among displacement rates for individual climate variables, and divergence among displacement vector bearings. We use climate simulations to quantify climate novelty, displacement and divergence across Europe and eastern North America from the last glacial maximum to the present, and fossil pollen records to quantify vegetation novelty. Transient climate novelty is consistently the strongest predictor of transient vegetation novelty, while displacement rates (mean and variance) are equally important in Europe. However, transient vegetation novelty is lower in Europe and its relationship to climatic predictors is the opposite of expectation. For both continents, accumulated novelty is greater than transient novelty, and climate novelty is the strongest predictor of accumulated ecological novelty. These results suggest that controls on novel ecosystems vary with timescale and among continents, and that the twenty-first century emergence of novelty will be driven by both rapid rates of climate change and the emergence of novel climate states. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The past is a foreign country: how much can the fossil record actually inform conservation?’

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Poletto, Igor, Marlove Fátima Brião Muniz, Tales Poletto, Valdir Marcos Stefenon, Carine Baggiotto et Denise Ester Ceconi. « Germination and development of pecan cultivar seedlings by seed stratification ». Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 50, n^o 12 (décembre 2015) : 1232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2015001200014.

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Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of seed stratification on germination rate, germination speed, and initial development of seedlings of six pecan (Carya illinoinensis) cultivars under subtropical climatic conditions in southern Brazil. For stratification, the seeds were placed in boxes with moist sand, in a cold chamber at 4°C, for 90 days. In the fourteenth week after sowing, the emergence speed index, total emergence, plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves were evaluated. Seed stratification significantly improves the germination potential and morphological traits of the evaluated cultivars.

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CHIMELI, ARIASTER B., FRANCISCO DE ASSIS DE SOUZA FILHO, MARCOS COSTA HOLANDA et FRANCIS CARLO PETTERINI. « Forecasting the impacts of climate variability : lessons from the rainfed corn market in Ceará, Brazil ». Environment and Development Economics 13, n^o 2 (avril 2008) : 201–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x07004172.

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ABSTRACTA number of studies show that climatic shocks have significant economic impacts in several regions of the world, especially in, but not limited to, developing economies. In this paper we focus on a drought-related indicator of well-being and emergency spending in the Brazilian semi-arid zone – rainfed corn market – and estimate aggregate behavioral and forecast models for this market conditional on local climate determinants. We find encouraging evidence that our approach can help policy makers buy time to help them prepare for drought mitigating actions. The analysis is applicable to economies elsewhere in the world and climatic impacts other than those caused by droughts.

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Grundy, A. C., N. C. B. Peters, I. A. Rasmussen, K. M. Hartmann, M. Sattin, L. Andersson, A. Mead, A. J. Murdoch et F. Forcella. « Emergence of Chenopodium album and Stellaria media of different origins under different climatic conditions ». Weed Research 43, n^o 3 (9 mai 2003) : 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3180.2003.00330.x.

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Bourcier, T. « Effects of air pollution and climatic conditions on the frequency of ophthalmological emergency examinations ». British Journal of Ophthalmology 87, n^o 7 (1 juillet 2003) : 809–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.87.7.809.

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Parajulee, M. N., L. T. Wilson, D. R. Rummel, S. C. Carroll et P. J. Trichilo. « Climatic Data-Based Analysis of Boll Weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) Overwintering Survival and Spring Emergence ». Environmental Entomology 25, n^o 5 (1 octobre 1996) : 882–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.5.882.

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Shigeru Suna. « Pollutants and climatic conditions related to the formation of photochemical oxidants ». World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 5, n^o 2 (28 février 2021) : 001–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2021.5.2.0009.

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Solar radiation produces harmful compounds such as atmospheric oxidants and pharmaceutical intermediates through photochemical reactions. To clarify the variables related to the formation of photochemical oxidants, hourly data of air pollutants and climatic conditions in the Tokyo region of Japan from late May to early June 2020 were analyzed. Air pollutants, NO, NO2, CO, SO2, NMHCs and CH4, were significantly lower in 2020 than those in 2019. It seems to indicate that Japan's economic activity was suppressed by the COVID-19 emergency. Photochemical oxidants and NO were significantly higher during the day than at night. It shows the photochemical reaction is progressing during the day. Stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that relative humidity, ambient temperature, NO, CO, wind speed and NMHCs (non-methane hydrocarbons) were significant independent variables for photochemical oxidants formation.

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Silva, Alexandre, Fernando Adegas et Germani Concenço. « Characterization of Emergence Flows of Volunteer Corn as Function of the Type of Harvest Grain Loss ». Journal of Agricultural Science 10, n^o 5 (11 avril 2018) : 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n5p258.

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Volunteer corn resistant to glyphosate is constant as weed in soybeans planted in succession. This work aimed to identify the emergence flows of volunteer corn plants in the period of time from the harvest of corn planted following soybean (autumn corn) to the plenty establishment of the canopy of the following soybean crop (summer soybean), as a function of different types of propagules generated by preceding corn harvest losses. Four field experiments were carried out in 2013 and 2014, at a Cerrado location (Sinop, MT) and a subtropical location (Londrina, PR), Brazil. Treatments included the distribution of corn crop residues (factor “A”) either on soil surface or incorporated into superficial soil layers. Four types of propagules (factor “B”) were characterized as ears with whole husk; ears with half husk; broken ears, no husk; and loose grains. The density of emerged plants was recorded fortnightly between August and December. When partially incorporated into soil, propagules generate an increased density of emerged plants as compared to the surface deposition treatments. The main sources of volunteer plants, in descending order of importance, were: (1) loose grains, (2) broken ears, (3) ears with damaged husk, and (4) ears with intact husk. Ears emerged later compared to loose grains or broken ears. Climatic conditions influence the emergence pattern. For the climate of (Savannah-like) Cerrado, the beginning of the rainy season is preponderant for the start of corn emergence. Under subtropical climatic conditions, mild low temperatures, associated or not to rainfall, determine the emergence peaks.

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Abu-Abed, Fares. « The Mathematical Approach to the Identification of Trouble-Free Functioning of Mining Facilities ». E3S Web of Conferences 174 (2020) : 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017402009.

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Modern drilling rigs are complexes of high-tech equipment operated in difficult climatic and technological conditions, characterized by sudden spasmodic changes in the process of drilling a well, which contributes to increased wear of drilling components and increases the likelihood of pre-emergency and emergency situations. Drilling equipment has a wide range of characteristics and technological parameters, the values of which are available during drilling due to the use of modern software and hardware systems for processing geological and technological information. In order to single out the most frequent pre-emergency situations in practice and to preliminarily determine the set of signs necessary for their recognition, a corresponding analysis of the complications arising during well drilling has been carried out.

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Sherratt, Andrew. « Climatic cycles and behavioural revolutions : the emergence of modern humans and the beginning of farming ». Antiquity 71, n^o 272 (juin 1997) : 271–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00084908.

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Publication of a new volume on the beginnings of Old World farming (Harris 1996) has provided a compendium of current views on this critical inflection-point in human inhabitance of the world. Was it driven by climatic change, as Gordon Childe suggested? And what of the earlier emergence of modern human behaviour: were these two chapters in the same story?

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