Bibliographies thématiques / Efficient Cookstoves

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Efficient Cookstoves »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Efficient Cookstoves"

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Soomro, Hira, Syed Feroz Shah, Wasayo Sanam Sahito, Mohammad Aslam Uqaili, Laveet Kumar, Jonathan Daniel Nixon et Khanji Harijan. « Assessment of Sustainable Biomass Energy Technologies in Pakistan Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process ». Sustainability 14, no 18 (10 septembre 2022) : 11388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811388.

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Pakistan is not merely confronting the energy crisis but also dealing with the scarcity of economical technologies for the utilization of energy resources. From the basic resources, renewable energy is one of the considerable resources. Due to environmental issues related to greenhouse gases (GHGs) and air pollution in Pakistan, the other energy resources are constricted. In rural areas, biomass resources are a fundamental need for domestic purposes. The prominent reason for environmental degradation and deforestation is due to ineffective use of such resources. Biomass resources for heating and cooking purposes are abundantly available in rural areas of Pakistan. In this context, this study helps us select the applicable cookstove technologies for the Sindh province for the proper utilization of biomass resources. The AHP (analytical hierarchy process) was used as the central methodology for the cookstove ranking. Concerning its improvement, four main criteria corresponding to 12 sub-criteria were considered for the selection of three cookstove technologies, i.e., traditional cookstoves (TCS), efficient cookstoves (ECS), and biogas cookstoves (BCS). The final decision of the AHP framework exposed the ECS technology as the advantageous technology, followed by the BCS and TCS, respectively. To analyze the results, a sensitivity analysis of the major results has also been carried out, and under the final ranking matrix, the ECS alternative got the highest weightage, nearly 36.56%, based on the developed model.
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Maré, Marcel, et Harold J. Annegarn. « The Use of Willingness to Pay in Determining Customer Preferences for Improved Flame-Based Cookstove Features in Two South African Study Areas ». Social Marketing Quarterly 23, no 4 (3 octobre 2017) : 335–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500417732773.

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The continued large-scale use of inefficient flame-based cookstoves directly influences human development levels globally, including in South Africa. It has been demonstrated that the adoption and sustained use of safe, inexpensive, and improved stove designs by households could lead to a significant reduction in household air pollution. From an examination of descriptions of previous improved cookstove dissemination programs, it becomes apparent that a focus on customer preferences was absent in many of the unsuccessful projects. This article investigates the customer preferences for improved flame-based cookstove features in two South African study areas using a willingness-to-pay survey methodology. A key finding indicates that the use of safety awareness campaigns could significantly shift demand for inefficient (kerosene powered) cookstoves to efficient and safer liquefied petroleum gas stoves. Furthermore, a preference for larger stoves (allowing for cooking in two pots simultaneously) was found. The availability of credit did not seem to influence purchasing behavior. The article suggests that the inclusion of safety awareness demonstrations in combination with other appropriate stove features (i.e., fuel types, sizes, durability, and payment options) represents a necessary companion to other strategies for the successful dissemination of improved flame-based stoves in the South African marketplace. This also has implication for large-scale stove interventions advocated by the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves and the World Bank.
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Mazorra, Javier, Renata Da Costa Barreto, Paula Ferreira dos Santos, María Suárez Bonet, Candela De la Sota, Guilherme Checco, Fabio Almeida et Luís Tadeu Assad. « Overview of the use of clean cookstoves in the Brazilian semiarid region ». Sustentabilidade em Debate 10, no 2 (31 août 2019) : 54–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18472/sustdeb.v10n2.2019.22159.

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Wood cookstoves are common in the Brazilian semiarid region. Most families use traditional versions,which have a series of social, environmental and health-related impacts. “Improved cookstoves” referto cleaner and more efficient cookstoves. These include adaptations that improve energy efficiency and reduce indoor air pollution, bringing benefits such as the reduction of firewood consumptionfor cooking, reduction of the emission of polluting gases originating from firewood burning andfewer health impacts, also contributing to forest conservation. Although the improved cookstovessector is still relatively underdeveloped in the Brazilian semiarid region, in recent years interest inthese technological alternatives has increased. In this context, the present study contributes to thecompilation and organization of information referring to the use of improved cookstoves in the Braziliansemiarid region.
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Jan, Inayatullah, et Heman Das Lohano. « Uptake of energy efficient cookstoves in Pakistan ». Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 137 (mars 2021) : 110466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110466.

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Francis Okafor, Izuchukwu. « Energy Efficient Biomass Cookstoves : Performance Evaluation, Quality Assurance and Certification ». Science Journal of Energy Engineering 7, no 4 (2019) : 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20190704.11.

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Darlami, Hari Bahadur, Bhakta Bahadur Ale et Govind Raj Pokharel. « Experimental Analysis of Thermal Efficiency of Mud Improved Cookstove With Variation of Different Parameters and Economic Analysis ». Journal of the Institute of Engineering 15, no 3 (16 octobre 2020) : 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v15i3.32228.

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Most of the rural people of Nepal use fuelwood for cooking and space heating in residential sector. Government of Nepal has announced to make Nepal as a smokeless country by replacing traditional cookstoves. Two pot mud improved cookstove is one of the most promoted cookstoves in the context of Nepal. There is a need to study the effects of different parameters on mud improved cookstove for its better performance. The objective of this work is to study the effect of variation of different parameters on two pot mud ICS and identify parameters for its better performance. Power test of cookstove, specially focusing on thermal efficiency, has been performed by changing different parameters. Effect of varying fuel feeding rate, chimney height, opening area of air fuel inlet, inlet area of interconnecting tunnel, combustion chamber height, grate height and insulating material on thermal efficiency have been studied individually. Then cookstove has been developed by different best combinations such as a) geometrical parameters b) use of grate and insulations in best geometrical parameters and formation of channel on the opening. Thermal efficiency of modified cookstove increased from 18% to 25.6%; i.e. the increment of 7.60%. Economic analysis of different thermal efficiencies cookstove has been performed.
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Levine, David I., Theresa Beltramo, Garrick Blalock, Carolyn Cotterman et Andrew M. Simons. « What Impedes Efficient Adoption of Products ? Evidence from Randomized Sales Offers for Fuel-Efficient Cookstoves in Uganda ». Journal of the European Economic Association 16, no 6 (13 janvier 2018) : 1850–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvx051.

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Sutar, Kailasnath, Hitesh Karkoti, Jahan Zeb Khan, Mujahid Momin et Himanshu Rohaj. « Laboratory and Field Performance of Two In-House Developed Metal Biomass Cookstoves ». Advanced Engineering Forum 46 (28 juin 2022) : 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-z83f87.

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Present work reports thermal and emission performance of in-house developed natural and forced draft metal biomass cookstoves. Laboratory as well as field tests are performed on the cookstoves. Experiments are performed on natural draft metal cookstove in laboratory at different air supply hole openings. Decrease in average input power and average thermal efficiency is observed between 3.74-3.43 kW and 31.14-29.45% respectively. Variation in average emission factor for carbon monoxide (CO) is found to be between 3.5-9.9 g/MJd. Emissions of Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) are found to be varying between 1 ppm to 13.5 ppm without any specific trend. Experiments are performed on forced draft metal cookstove in laboratory on two fan speeds. The average input power and average thermal efficiency vary between 3.4-3.0 kW and 36.9-42.5% respectively. Variation in average emission factor for CO is found to be between 1.8-4.5 g/MJd and that of average NOx emissions between 16.8-2.5 ppm.During field tests, amount of fuel consumption and emissions of CO for both the cookstoves is compared with traditional cookstoves used by two families. In case of Family A, there is a saving in fuel consumption by 19% and 40% with natural draft and forced draft metal cookstoves respectively. The corresponding values for Family B are 5 % and 24% respectively. In case of Family A, there is decrease in CO emissions by 89% and 86% with natural draft and forced draft metal cookstoves respectively. The corresponding values for Family B are 76% and 82% respectively.
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Harrell, Stephen, Theresa Beltramo, Garrick Blalock, Juliet Kyayesimira, David I. Levine et Andrew M. Simons. « What is a “meal” ? Comparative methods of auditing carbon offset compliance for fuel-efficient cookstoves ». Ecological Economics 128 (août 2016) : 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.03.014.

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Darlami, Hari Bahadur. « Performance evaluation of two pot raised mud improved cookstove ». Journal of Innovations in Engineering Education 4, no 1 (5 mars 2021) : 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jiee.v4i1.34821.

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Biomass cookstove is widely used in the rural areas of Nepal for cooking and space heating. Its thermal and emission performance keeps importance environmentally, economically and socially. Chimney operated two pot raised mud Improved Cookstove (ICS) is one of Nepal’s most promoted cookstoves. The goal of this study is to evaluate the thermal and emission performance. Thermal and emission performance has been obtained by water boiling test and emission parameters have been measured by using Laboratory Emissions Monitoring System (LEMS). The thermal efficiency of cookstove has been improved from 17.99% to 24.7 % i.e. Tier 1 to 2 with the fabrication of appropriate material and accessories. Similarly total emission performance has been found in Tier 1 and fugitive emission performance has been found in Tier 5. Experimental results of thermal efficiency and fugitive emission complied with the performance target of the cookstove.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Efficient Cookstoves"

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Edenborg, Fanny. « Differences in forest structure in relation to energy-efficient cookstoves in the Kakamega forest, Kenya ». Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-167491.

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Tropical forests are amongst the most important ecosystems in the world. It is also the biome estimated to experience the most rapid losses of habitats in the next 50 years, mainly due to anthropogenic exploitation. The Kakamega forest, western Kenya, is important both for conservation and human livelihood and is essential for peoples’ survival. The main threat to the forest’s subsistence is collection of firewood used for cooking. Energy-efficient cookstoves, with almost 50 % lower demand for firewood compared to traditional 3-stone-stoves, have been installed to ease the pressure on the forest. The present study evaluates the effect of utilizing energy-efficient cookstoves, installed during the project Stoves for Life (years 2010-2019), on the forest structure of the Kakamega forest, Kenya. This was done by quantifying forest structural and compositional differences, as well as occurrence of human made damage, within the Kakamega forest. Sampling was made in 59 plot locations, with varying numbers of energy-efficient cookstoves in the surrounding area. Results indicate that the stoves 1) promote recruitment of both pioneer and climax trees and 2) increase survival of fast-growing pioneer trees, 3) ease the pressure on preferred species used as firewood and 4) preserve important structural components such as woody debris found on the forest floor. Additionally, the growth of pioneer trees is potentially creating a climate suitable for later successional species to thrive and establish, potentially leading to forest maturation. However, future comparative studies should be conducted before any statement about the stoves’ effect on forest structure is made.
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Poudyal, Manil. « Co-Firing Biomass with Biogas in Cookstoves with a Fan ». BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4260.

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Co-firing is a combustion process in which more than one type of fuel is used. In many cases, co-firing reduces fuel costs and/or reduces the environmental impact. The objective of this research was to test the hypothesis that adding biogas to be co-fired with biomass in a traditional cookstove reduces indoor air pollution and increases the combustion efficiency. The impact of co-firing on indoor air pollution is assessed by comparing the concentrations of carbon monoxide and particulate matter in the exhaust stream of a co-fired cookstove to a cookstove fueled with biomass alone. The concentrations of each of these pollutants were measured using a portable emissions monitoring system. Combustion efficiency is defined as the ratio of energy released by combustion to energy in the fuel. Instead of combustion efficiency, the impact of co-firing was assessed on the modified combustion efficiency, which is defined as CO2/(CO2+CO) on a molar basis. This is because CO and CO2 concentrations can be measured. In addition, the impact of cofiring on other parameters such as thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption rate, and specific emission of CO, CO2, and PM were assessed. Previous investigation of biomass combustion in traditional cookstoves indicates that power harvested using a thermoelectric generator can be used to drive a fan and increase the amount of air flowing into the combustion zone. The impact of using a fan on indoor air pollution and combustion efficiency was also assessed. It was found that co-firing biomass with optimum amount of biogas reduced the emission of CO by 32 % and PM by 33 % and increased the modified combustion efficiency by 1.3 %. It was found that using a fan reduced the emission of CO by 35 % and PM by 39 % and increased the modified combustion efficiency by 1.1 %. Finally, the combination of co-firing and use of a fan reduced the emission of CO by 58 % and PM by 71 % and increased the modified combustion efficiency by 2.8 %.
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Quist, Cameron M. « Assessment and Expansion of Laboratory-Based Testing of Biomass Cookstoves ». BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9160.

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Biomass cookstoves are a significant source of various pollutants, such as CO2, CO, and particulate matter (PM). To mitigate the issues surrounding cookstoves, significant research has been undertaken on improved cookstoves (ICS). This research can be performed in a laboratory setting, in the field, or a combination of both. This work concentrates on the purely laboratory testing. Laboratory testing has both advantages and disadvantages when compared to field testing (e.g. decreased cost and increased consistency). However, field applications are variable, environments can be significantly different (for example wind and ambient temperature can be very different in the field vs. a controlled lab environment) and the personal preferences of the users of the cookstove can also be difficult to predict when only using laboratory testing. It is typically preferable to narrow down the possible cookstove choices by using laboratory results before heading to the field. This work concentrated on assessing the limitations of laboratory testing of cookstoves as presently constituted, as well as finding new ways to improve and expand upon the testing methodologies. Sources of error during testing was considered, leading to recommendations on how to adjust testing to decrease that error. Of note, it was found that higher thermal efficiencies led to increased propagated errors, which complicates the comparison of this efficiency among cookstoves. Additionally, a method for estimating the transient thermal efficiency was developed. Further, the effects of changing some of the key testing parameters were explored and the results showed that the overall thermal efficiency was minimally affected by parameter variations within the WBT or ISO 19867-1 guidelines. Finally, two methods were explored and compared for finding kinetic parameters associated with transforming food from the uncooked state to the cooked state. It was found that physical testing was more effective for samples that started in a harder physical state, whereas DSC testing was more effective with samples that had lower water content. This analysis was done with the intention of using transformation kinetics in future applications of cookstove models so that researchers could gain additional insights into which stoves may be best for their target market.
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Ranung, Siri, et Jessica Ruud. « Use of Biochar Producing Cookstoves in Rural Kenya : Energy efficiency, air pollution concentrations and biochar production potential ». Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-257882.

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Household air pollution annually kills around 14 300 people in Kenya, due to the hazardous smoke of incomplete combustion coming from inefficient stoves. Exposure to this smokeleads to lethal health issues for the women and children staying in these kitchens, but the smoke also leads to a contribution to global warming. Which makes it important finding are placement for the inefficient traditional cooking methods. This report presents results from a field work situated in Kibugu, Embu in central Kenya. It includes testing of three stoves, the traditional Three stone open fire and two biochar producing stoves, the previously tested stove Gastov made by KIRDI and the MiG|BioCooker made by Make It Green Solutions AB. The data was collected using participatory cooking tests where five households got to cook the traditional meal Ugali with Sukuma wiki and Githeri (maize and beans). Firewood consumption, emissions of CO and PM, user experience and char production were measured during the test, to be able to compare the stoves. The results indicate that the MiG|BioCooker can decrease the emissions of PM2.5 and CO in the kitchens and produce biochar. But on the other hand, cooking with three stone open fire more effective in terms of cooking time. Even though the MiG|BioCooker could improve the conditions of the household’s indoor air, the users seems to prioritize the practical characteristics of the three stone open fire that gives them more time and making it easier to cook. But with some modifications and by further use of the MiG|BioCooker, it might be apossible substitute to the three stone open fire in the future.
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GUISO, ANTONIO. « Environmental and economic benefits due to substitution of traditional cook stoves in Mozambique ». Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1078220.

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The use of solid biomass as cooking fuel is still predominant in developing countries. Indeed, around half of the world population relies on woody fuels to meet household energy needs using traditional and inefficient technologies. The use of biomass on a such vast scale has several negative effects on environment and human health. The substitution of traditional cooking devices with more efficient technologies is one of the most valuable options to reduce wood fuel demand with significant benefits for environment and biomass end users. These benefits regard the reduction of climate impact related to cooking activities, the decrease of anthropic pressure on forests, economic saving for the beneficiary households and the reduction of health pollutant emissions. Many efficient stove programmes have been implemented since the 1970s whose main target was to reduce the impact of biomass use on human health. In the last years, the mitigation potential of GHG emissions have become the predominant objective of stove projects. This is because after the adoption of the Kyoto protocol such programmes can claim access to carbon market as additional source of finance to overcome economic constraints which had limited success of many cookstove projects. This study analyses two cookstove carbon projects which are being implemented in Mozambique, one targeting the substitution of traditional charcoal stoves in Maputo and Pemba urban areas and the other the substitution of the traditional three-stone fire in Gilè natural reserve area. The aim is to assess environmental and social benefits related to these projects integrating laboratory and field data, assessing as well the entire woodfuel supply chains. Laboratory tests aim to provide an assessment of both traditional and improved stove efficiencies and emissions of GHG and other pollutants. Field tests provide real data on fuel consumption during baseline and project scenario, on efficient stove adoption and penetration among households, as well as on population perception of social and environmental benefits related to efficient cookstove usage. Laboratory tests show that efficient stoves, independently of the fuel used, have a better thermal efficiency and lower specific fuel consumption and firepower. This is particularly evident for thermal efficiency which increases from 15% to 33% in the case of wood stoves and from 21% to 38% for charcoal stoves. The increase in CO2 emission factors in g/MJ of efficient stoves (49% for wood and 52% for charcoal efficient stoves) is also a sign of improved combustion efficiency which lead to a reduction of product of incomplete combustion which are dangerous both for environment and human health. The number of families involved in the Maputo/Pemba programme in September 2016 were 11,479, expected to rise to 19,888 by the end of 2017. 4.000 household will be involved in the Gilè programme starting from May 2017. Field data analysis shows that the use of CH2200 allows to significantly reduce charcoal consumption. Mean daily fuel reduction per household was 1.71 kg/day/hh during the first year and 1.46 kg/day/hh for the second year of project activity. As a result, GHG emission reduction achieved by March 2016 was 27,618 tons of CO2 equivalents. The programme is estimated to reduce 362,594 tons of CO2 equivalent by the end of 7th year of project activity. The methodology used to estimate emission reduction with the purpose of claiming carbon credit emission does not envisage the emission related to charcoal life cycle. Including such emission, the project could save up to 529,698 tons of CO2 eq., overall 46% higher. The calculation of potential emission reduction for Gilè programme is based on the baseline fuel consumption and the differences in stove thermal efficiencies calculated during laboratory tests. This is estimated to be 48,070 tons CO2 eq. Contribution to climate change is not only limited to GHG emissions but it is also related to other climate pollutants emitted as result of incomplete combustion. The use of efficient cooking technologies has the potential to reduce such pollutants. For Maputo/Pemba programme this reduction is estimated to be 17,872 tons CO2 eq. and 23,555 tons CO2 eq. for the Gilè project. It is not in the scope of this study to assess direct effect of air pollution on human health, however, the use of efficient cookstove has the potential to reduce exposure to such pollutants. For instance, Rocket Works stove reduces emission of fine particulate matter (PM1) up to 86% and CH2200 stove up to 57%. In Maputo and Pemba households use a substantial part of their budget to purchase charcoal. During the first year of project, thanks to the use of efficient stoves, families saved up to 116 US dollars. Such high saving allows them to payback the investment sustained to buy the stove in only 25 days. Charcoal production is one of the main causes of deforestation and land degradation, the reduction of charcoal demand achievable through Maputo/Pemba project activities have the potential to save up to 2,003 hectares of Miombo forests. In Gilè area the impact of cooking activities is estimated to be low, since only a small part of households cut trees for the purpose of wood harvesting. However, it is estimated that around 90 hectares can be saved with this project. This study is part of a wider research carried out by the GESAAF department of the University of Florence in collaboration with CarbonSink, a spinoff of the same university. Further research will be conducted in the following years on cookstove performance, efficiency drop over years and durability of project technologies. Furthermore, it has been planned to update laboratory equipment to include other substances in the pollutant analysis. Moreover, it is under study a monitoring campaign to assess household exposure to health damaging emissions.
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Livres sur le sujet "Efficient Cookstoves"

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Turyareeba, Patience J. Testing the efficiency of cookstoves : A manual for Africa. Nairobi, Kenya : KENGO Regional Wood Energy Programme for Africa, 1992.

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Testing the Efficiency of Wood-Burning Cookstoves : International Provisional Standards. Vita Pubns, 1985.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Efficient Cookstoves"

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Verma, Amit Ranjan, Rajendra Prasad, Virendra Kumar Vijay et Ratnesh Tiwari. « Modifications in Improved Cookstove for Efficient Design ». Dans Springer Proceedings in Energy, 245–53. New Delhi : Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2773-1_18.

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Wagaye, Waganesh Admase, et Meseret Biazen Belete. « Experimental investigation of thermal efficiency enhancement of improved biomass cookstoves ». Dans Advances in Phytochemistry, Textile and Renewable Energy Research for Industrial Growth, 241–45. London : CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003221968-33.

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Hulage, Aniket, Deepak Marla, Upendra Bhandarkar et Vijay Honkalaskar. « Steady-State Analytical Modeling of Cookstove Insulation for Improving Efficiency ». Dans Design Science and Innovation, 221–26. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2312-8_17.

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Bhatta, Sandip, Dhananjay Pratap, Nikhil Gakkhar et J. P. S. Rajput. « A Comparative Experimental Investigation of Improved Biomass Cookstoves for Higher Efficiency with Lower Emissions ». Dans Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research, 961–71. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5955-6_92.

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B. Sutar, Kailasnath. « Energy Efficiency, Emissions and Adoption of Biomass Cookstoves ». Dans Energy Efficiency [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101886.

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Indoor air pollution due to inefficient use of solid biomass fuels in traditional cookstoves causing serious threat to human health and millions of deaths, mainly in developing countries. This chapter reports parameters for measurement of thermal as well as emission performance of biomass cookstoves. The thermal performance parameters include fire power, efficiency, specific fuel consumption and turn-down ratio whereas the emission performance parameters include emission factor or indoor concentration of a pollutant. This chapter also reports about technological improvements in the biomass cookstoves. Since early 1980s, efforts were made by the researchers for development improved cookstoves. These efforts include use of metals as cookstove materials, provision of grate for better air circulation, air preheating, provision of swirl and secondary air, provision of insulation, use of chimney, baffles etc. The improved cookstoves were found to be causing saving in biomass fuel but there was not much improvement in emission performance of these stoves as compared with their traditional versions. The research on advanced biomass cookstoves started in early twenty-first century. While designing these cookstoves, advancements in technologies such as insulating the combustion chamber, supplying correct amount of primary and secondary air at right place into the combustion chamber, use of fan to create draft, use of gasification techniques, use of high density pellets as fuel etc. are being used. Advanced biomass cookstoves are found to be highly fuel efficient and they cause negligible pollutant emissions. Various factors affecting adoption of improved biomass cookstoves such as social, functional, and cultural are discussed in detail. Recommendations for use of energy efficient and clean cooking options are also given.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Efficient Cookstoves"

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MacCarty, Nordica, et Kenneth (Mark) Bryden. « Modeling Technology Strategies for Thermal Energy Services in Rural Developing Communities ». Dans ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46806.

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Approximately 40% of the world’s population lives in energy poverty, lacking basic clean energy to prepare their food, heat water for washing, and provide light in their homes. Access to improved energy services can help to alleviate this poverty and result in significant improvements to health and livelihoods, yet past strategies for meeting the needs of this large and diverse population have often been top-down and focused on single intervention or solution, leading to limited success. Using a systems-based approach to examine residential thermal energy needs, this paper explores five intervention strategies to provide energy services for a remote off-grid village in Mali. The five intervention strategies are (1) general improved biomass cookstoves, (2) advanced biomass cookstoves, (3) communal biomass cookstoves, (4) LPG cookstoves, and (5) solar water heaters. Using a probabilistic multi-objective model that includes technical, environmental, economic, and social objectives, the potential net improvements, critical factors, and sensitivities are investigated. The results show that the factors with the most impact on the outcome of an intervention include the rate of user adoption, value of time, and biomass harvest renewability; in contrast, parameters such as cookstove emission factors have less impact on the outcome. This suggests that the focus of village energy research and development should shift to the design of technologies that have high user adoption rates. That is, the results of this study support the hypothesis that the most effective village energy strategy is one that reinforces the natural user-driven process to move toward efficient and convenient energy services.
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ATAGHER, PETER, MIKE CLIFFORD, SARAH JEWITT et CHARLOTTE RAY. « WHAT’S FOR DINNER ? GENDERED DECISION-MAKING AND ENERGY EFFICIENT COOKSTOVES IN BENUE STATE, NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA ». Dans ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY 2017. Southampton UK : WIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/esus170101.

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Thacker, Kendall S., McCall Barger et Christopher A. Mattson. « A More Balanced Design Approach for Preserving the Usability of a Peruvian Cookstove ». Dans ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47270.

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Over the past decade, a large amount of research has been dedicated to improving the efficiency and reducing the emissions of biomass cookstoves. The trade-off from placing such an emphasis on these two objectives is that improved cookstoves are often not as functional or desirable to the end user in comparison to their traditional cookstove. Thus, users often abandon their new improved cookstoves and sustained use is not achieved. In order for improved cookstoves to be more impactful, a different design approach is needed; improved cookstoves must be designed for usability, even at the expense of higher efficiencies or lower emissions. This paper explores the benefits of this alternative approach, which is demonstrated in the design of a replacement biomass cookstove for residents living in the Tambogrande region of Peru. The heavy use of biomass cookstoves in this small collection of villages, has resulted in many health and environmental problems for the residents. Recent field studies revealed that residents were pleased with the functionality of their traditional channel stove, yet also desired to have a stove that cooks faster, consumes less fuel, and emits less smoke. The resulting design includes a set of adaptable, inexpensive pot skirts that can be integrated with their current channel stove. These pot skirts allow for varying sizes and number of pots, as well as allow traditional fuels to be used. Despite a usability focused design approach, the pot skirts still improved the technical performance of the cookstove by improving thermal efficiency by 25.8%, decreasing time to boil by 26.0%, and decreasing fuel consumption by 24.7%. These results demonstrate that a usability focused design can still yield significant performance improvements while achieving a high level of user functionality.
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Johnson, Nathan G., Mark Bryden et Angran Xiao. « Risk Analysis and Safety Evaluation of Biomass Cookstoves ». Dans ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82112.

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Combustion of biomass in open fires and ad hoc unventilated stoves is the primary form of household energy for two to three billion people worldwide. These cookstoves have significant health, social, and economic impacts on poor families in developing countries. These impacts include disease, injury, excess time spent gathering fuel, deforestation, and high fuel costs relative to income. In an attempt to address many of these problems numerous non-governmental organizations have developed several biomass cookstove designs in the past five to ten years. These designs have generally focused on increasing fuel efficiency, and to a lesser degree, reducing particulate emissions. This emphasis has been driven largely by the availability of relatively straight forward fuel efficiency tests for biomass cookstoves developed 10–20 years ago and the ability of researchers to adapt current air pollution testing methods for stoves. In contrast there are no safety standards or hazard evaluations available for biomass cookstoves. Because of this the safety of the cookstove is seldom explicitly considered as a part of the design process. This paper addresses the basic safety issues that should be considered in the design of biomass stoves used in developing countries, describes the reasoning behind these safety issues, and proposes a set of safety guidelines for testing and evaluating stove safety. These guidelines are intended for testing and evaluating in the field as well as in the design lab.
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MacCarty, Nordica, et Kenneth M. Bryden. « A Heat Transfer Model for the Conceptual Design of a Biomass Cookstove for Developing Countries ». Dans ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12650.

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The use of biomass cookstoves to meet household energy needs has a profound impact on the life and health of individuals, families, and communities in the developing world. This paper introduces an experimentally validated heat transfer analysis model for use during the conceptual design process of a biomass cookstove to be used in the developing world. This steady-state model of a shielded, natural-draft biomass cookstove fitted with a flat-bottomed pot with pot-shield was developed using published experimental data that included 63 variations of 15 operating, geometrical, and material variables. The model provides the essential information needed to support decision making during the cookstove conceptual design process by predicting heat transfer efficiency as a function of stove geometry, construction material, firepower, and fuel moisture content.
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Moses, Nicholas D., et Nordica A. MacCarty. « A Practical Evaluation for Cookstove Usability ». Dans ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85728.

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While improved cookstoves have been designed and distributed for decades with the goal of addressing the human health and environmental issues caused by traditional biomass cooking methods, they often have not achieved the intended impact. One of the main reasons for this shortcoming is that engineers often focus on technical attributes of cookstove designs, such as improved fuel and combustion efficiency, but neglect usability. If a stove design does not meet a cook’s needs and preferences, the stove will likely be used only as a supplement to a traditional stove, or not used at all. To help close this gap, a testing protocol for cookstove usability was developed. The proposed protocol is based on established usability practices from fields such as software and consumer product design, and includes usability criteria taken from existing cookstove research and interviews with subject experts. The protocol includes objective and subjective testing methods, is designed to elicit user perceptions of and the relative importance of each usability criterion in a given context, and incorporates ethnographic methods to improve validity in cross-cultural applications and in diverse testing scenarios. This protocol may be useful to stove designers as a way to better understand users and validate or improve designs, to implementers as a method to assist with the selection of the most appropriate stove for a project, and to researchers as a tool to assess cookstoves and cookstove programs. Preliminary field and laboratory work to test the validity of the protocol demonstrated a mixture of meaningful and uncertain results, indicating that while it is a reasonable tool to assess cookstove usability, the protocol requires interpretation of qualitative data and assessment of uncertainty to be most effective.
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Wohlgemuth, Alex, Sandip Mazumder et Dale Andreatta. « Computational Heat Transfer Analysis and Design of Third-World Cookstoves ». Dans ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88013.

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In many developing countries, natural gas, wood, or biomass fired cookstoves find prolific usage. These cookstoves are constructed without paying much too attention to their thermal efficiency. In this study, a computational heat transfer analysis of a generic third-world cookstove is conducted with the goal to understand the effect of various operating conditions and geometric parameters on the overall heat transfer characteristics and thermal efficiency. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model, including turbulence and heat transfer by all three modes, was first created. The model was first validated against experimental data, also collected as part of this study. Unknown parameters in the model were calibrated to better match experimental observations. It is generally believed that placing a skirt around the stove and cook-pot enhances thermal efficiency. The model was explored to study the effects several skirt-related parameters. These include the vertical position of the skirt, the width of the gap between the skirt and the cook-pot, and the thermal conductivity of the skirt (insulating vs. conducting material). It was found that the skirt must either be made out of an insulating material or insulated on the outer surface for it to provide maximum benefits. It was also found that it must be placed at an optimum distance away from the cook-pot for maximum thermal efficiency.
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Johnson, Nathan G., Arne Hallam, Stuart Conway et Mark Bryden. « Sustainable and Market-Based Analyses of Cooking Technologies in Developing Countries ». Dans ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15375.

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Over two billion persons worldwide use biomass as their primary form of energy in household cooking. This creates significant adverse consequences to families in developing nations that use stoves made without technical advancements commonly used in the industrialized world. The often simple, ad-hoc stoves lead to harmful side effects including disease, pollution, injury, and deforestation. Further negative consequences arise in household economics when considering losses in labor, time spent gathering fuel, and high fuel costs relative to income. Because of this much research over the past 10-20 years has been conducted with developing better household cooking methods. Findings from these efforts produced more effective stoves to accommodate the needs of impoverished families. Many of these projects began with philanthropic interests and grants to aid the world's poor. However outside of lump-sum funds for materials and labor there is often be little available to sustain the technical or human resources needed for continued stove utilization. One method to approach sustainability involves a market-based approach to better insure continuation of the benefits of improved cookstoves. This paper provides an assessment of the benefits of advanced cooking devices to both consumers and producers. Further investigations demonstrate consumer and producer impediments in collaborating for mutual benefit. Through realization of the interests and constraints facing both sides, plausible processes can be drawn for holistic improvement of communities in relation to household cooking. This paper also provides various options for intervention and start-up as potential methods in creating sustainable markets for safe, cost-effective, and efficient stoves.
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Singh, Jagmohan, et Pritpal Singh. « Solar Electric Cookstove - A First Generation, High Efficiency Solar Electric Cooking Device Prototype ». Dans 2019 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ghtc46095.2019.9033057.

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Cassidy, Liam, et Nordica MacCarty. « A Computational Study of a Biomass Cookstove With Forced Secondary Air Injection ». Dans ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2020-20166.

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Abstract The use of solid biomass as a primary energy source for cooking is common to nearly half of the world’s population. Household air pollution as a byproduct of biomass combustion creates powerful negative health impacts related to air quality and a strong influence on our global radiative balance. Despite efforts to improve biomass-fueled cooking technology, many current designs still fail to meet WHO guidelines for air quality and consume excessive fuel. One promising method to improve in both of these areas is through introduction of forced primary or secondary air to the combustion process to increase turbulence, mixing, and velocity. Incorporating computational fluid dynamics to the design process for this forced draft air flow can provide insights into the complex and interconnected thermophysical relationships which, otherwise, would require extensive experimentation. The objective of this work is to provide a preliminary computational fluid dynamics study of a secondary air forced draft biomass cookstove. Thermal efficiency and emissions concentrations are investigated relative to various combinations of secondary air flow rates and injection angles. The results from the case study suggest that thermal efficiency of the cookstove is a function of secondary air injection angle, with optimal angle being a function of the specific air-fuel ratio. Additionally, a design trade-off is evident when comparing the pollutant concentration data and thermal efficiency data. Lastly, analysis of the computational results suggests that large pressure gradients about secondary air vortices in the combustion chamber lead to improved thermal efficiency and more complete combustion. The continued development of this work into an open-source computational fluid dynamics tool is underway.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Efficient Cookstoves"

1

Brown, M. (To discuss the dissemination of improved energy-efficient cookstoves in Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala, June 5--7, 1989) : Foreign trip report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), juin 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5905520.

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Braaten, R. W. Emissions and efficiency evaluation of Heartland Oval wood-fired cookstove. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304608.

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