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Santos, Sara, Jose A. Parraca, Orlando Fernandes, Santos Villafaina, Vicente Javier Clemente-Suarez et Filipe Melo. « The Effect of Expertise during Simulated Flight Emergencies on the Autonomic Response and Operative Performance in Military Pilots ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no 15 (27 juillet 2022) : 9141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159141.
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Heart rate variability (HRV) and performance response during emergency flight maneuvers were analyzed. Two expert pilots (ages 35 and 33) and two rookie pilots (ages 25) from the Portuguese Air Force participated in this case–control report study. Participants had to complete the following emergency protocols in a flight simulator: (1) take-off engine failure, (2) flight engine failure close to the base, (3) flight engine failure far away from the base, and (4) alternator failure. The HRV was collected during all these maneuvers, as well as the performance data (the time it took to go through the emergency protocol and the subjective information from the flight simulator operator). Results regarding autonomic modulation showed a higher sympathetic response during the emergency maneuvers when compared to baseline. In some cases, there was also a higher sympathetic response during the emergency maneuvers when compared with the take-off protocol. Regarding performance data, the expert pilots accomplished the missions in less time than the rookie pilots. Autonomic modulation measured from HRV through portable devices can easily relay important information. This information is relevant since characterizing these maneuvers can provide helpful information to design training strategies to improve those psychophysiological responses.
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Müller, Cândida Regina, Fabrício de Araújo Pedron, Beatriz Wardzinski Barbosa, Miriam Fernanda Rodrigues, Paulo Ivonir Gubiani, Ricardo Simão Diniz Dalmolin et Ricardo Bergamo Schenato. « Soil degradation after the traffic of a military combat vehicle leopard 1a5br ». Ciência e Natura 43 (17 février 2022) : e87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x62685.
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Heavy vehicle traffic, especially large military combat vehicles, causes soil compaction, which reduces their physical quality and increases their susceptibility to soil erosion. A large contingent of the Brazilian Army conducts combat vehicle training at the Santa Maria Instruction Field (CISM), which has been caused degradation of the ecosystem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of combat vehicle Leopard 1A5BR traffic on soil physical properties in an Abruptic Alisol with military vehicle traffic history. Two types of maneuvers were evaluated: (i) straight traffic with 0, 1 and 3 passes, and (ii) pivoting maneuver with 0, 1 and 2 pivots. Soil morphology, particle size distribution and organic carbon content were analyzed in the 0.00-0.10 and 0.20-0.30 m layers. Bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, penetration resistance and preconsolidation pressure were evaluated in the 0.00-0.04, 0.10-0.14 and 0.20-0.24 m layers. The preconsolidation pressure of the surface layer indicated that the soil surface layer is susceptible to traffic compaction of Leopard 1A5BR. Only one pass (straight traffic) and one pivoting maneuver were sufficient to increase soil penetration resistance and bulk density and reduce the total porosity and macroporosity in the surface layer (0.00-0.04 m).
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Metzler, Mari M. « G-LOC Due to the Push-Pull Effect in a Fatal F-16 Mishap ». Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 91, no 1 (1 janvier 2020) : 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.5461.2020.
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BACKGROUND: The risks associated with high positive Gz (+Gz) aerobatic flight, especially with respect to +Gz-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC), are well known. Less appreciated is the effect of negative Gz (−Gz) flight on subsequent +Gz maneuvers, known as the “push-pull effect.” This is an example involving the loss of an F-16 and pilot that was caused by the push-pull effect.CASE REPORT: The mishap pilot (MP) was killed during a training flight when his F-16 crashed without an ejection attempt. The MP, while transitioning from prolonged −Gz flight to sustained +Gz flight, maneuvered the mishap aircraft (MA) from −2.06 Gz to +8.56 Gz in less than 5 s. At this point, there were only minimal control inputs for 5 s, indicating the MP experienced transient incapacitation, most likely due to G-LOC or almost loss of consciousness (A-LOC). The MP’s subsequent recovery attempt was interrupted by ground impact. The Accident Investigation Board (AIB) concluded the MP experienced G-LOC due to the push-pull effect.DISCUSSION: Since this is not the first time the push-pull effect has resulted in G-LOC mishaps, the adverse effects of such maneuvers should continue to be emphasized during military physiological training, as well as during general aviation (GA) aerobatics training. Furthermore, A-LOC, instead of being considered a discrete phenomenon, may need to be included in a broader G-LOC definition that encompasses the entire continuum of G-LOC and A-LOC.Metzler MM. G-LOC due to the push-pull effect in a fatal F-16 mishap. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(1):51–55.
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Prose, Doug V. « Persisting effects of armored military maneuvers on some soils of the Mojave Desert ». Environmental Geology and Water Sciences 7, no 3 (septembre 1985) : 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02528800.
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Hale, Alan, Milt Davis et Jim Sirbaugh. « A Numerical Simulation Capability for Analysis of Aircraft Inlet-Engine Compatibility ». Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 128, no 3 (1 mars 2004) : 473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1925649.
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Two primary aircraft propulsion subsystems are the inlet and the engine. Traditionally these subsystems have been designed, analyzed, and tested as isolated systems. The interaction between the subsystems is modeled primarily through evaluating inlet distortion in an inlet test and then simulating this distortion in engine tests via screens or similar devices. Recently, it has been recognized that significant improvements in both performance and operability can be realized when both the inlet and the engine are designed with full knowledge of the other. In this paper, a computational tool called Turbine Engine Analysis Compressor Code is used to evaluate the effect of inlet distortion on a three-stage military fan. This three-stage military fan is further connected to an F-16 inlet and forebody operating at an angle of attack and sideslip to demonstrate the effect of inlet distortion generated by flight maneuvers. The computational approach of simulating an integrated inlet-engine system is expected to provide additional insight over evaluating the components separately.
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Hackney, A. C., J. M. Shaw, J. A. Hodgdon, J. T. Coyne et D. L. Kelleher. « Cold exposure during military operations : effects on anaerobic performance ». Journal of Applied Physiology 71, no 1 (1 juillet 1991) : 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.71.1.125.
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This study examined the effects of military field operations (MFO) under different environmental conditions on anaerobic performance. US Marines were tested in the field under the following conditions: 1) noncold environment (NC; n = 30, 10–32 degrees C) and 2) cold environment (CO; n = 32, -2 to -22 degrees C). Subjects performed 30-s Wingate tests (WIN) pre- and immediately post-MFO to assess anaerobic performance. The MFO consisted of approximately 4.5 days of combat training maneuvers while carrying field equipment (packs and weapon, approximately 25 kg). WIN measures obtained were absolute and relative mean power (MP), 5-s peak power (PP), and fatigue index (% decline). Significant main effects (P less than 0.01) were observed for time (pre-post MFO). Reductions occurred in absolute MP [651.8 +/- 30.3 to 616.4 +/- 28.5 (SE) W] and PP (897.8 +/- 41.6 to 857.0 +/- 39.1 W); however, no effect on fatigue index was seen. Significant interaction effects (P less than 0.05) were observed in relative measures. Reductions (pre-post) in MP (NC = 8.64 +/- 0.16 to 8.37 +/- 0.14 W/kg; CO = 8.91 +/- 0.26 to 8.04 +/- 0.15 W/kg) and PP (NC = 11.80 +/- 0.24 to 11.61 +/- 0.33 W/kg; CO = 12.23 +/- 0.35 to 11.20 +/- 0.19 W/kg) were greater under CO than NC conditions. These changes were found despite significant (P less than 0.05) but comparable pre-post weight reductions in both CO and NC conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Nascimento, Marcos A., Henrique A. Amorim, Catharina M. C. Scassola, Tatiana S. Cunha et Karina R. Casali. « Effect Of Controlled Ventilatory Maneuver On Military Performance In The Basic Military Shooting Test ». Medicine & ; Science in Sports & ; Exercise 53, no 8S (août 2021) : 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000763388.64713.5c.
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Lakhin, R. Y., E. A. Zhirnova, V. V. Shustrov, S. G. Shulman, A. A. Yemelyanov et B. N. Bogomolov. « Ultrasonography in the Assessment of Lung Recruitment in Patients with Severe Pneumonia ». Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care" 8, no 4 (17 janvier 2020) : 418–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.23934/2223-9022-2019-8-4-418-422.
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BACKGROUND. Ultrasound study significantly expanded the possibilities of bedside diagnosis in patients with respiratory failure. Using ultrasound, it is possible to determine the volume of lung damage in the form of collapsed alveoli and infiltration areas with preserved airness of the lung tissue. AIM OF STuDY To study the possibility of assessing the recruitment maneuver of the alveoli based on changes in the ultrasound signs of lung tissue damage.MATERIAL AND METHODS. A prospective study was performed in the Clinic of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation of S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy. The study included 36 patients who were treated in the period from 2010 to 2017 with a duration of respiratory support of at least 48 hours and oxygenation index less than 300 mmHg. For 36 patients, 48 alveoli recruitment maneuvers were performed according to a step-by-step method under the control of dynamic compliance and average tidal volume. Ultrasound determined the type and extent of destruction of lung tissue by signs of infiltration and consolidation.RESULTS. In the studied patients, after carrying out a maneuver of recruitment of the alveoli, arterial blood oxygenation indices increased statistically significantly, PaCO2 level decreased, pulmonary tissue compliance improved, respiratory volume grew. All this confirmed the mobilization of the alveoli and improved lung ventilation. Ultrasonographic evaluation of lung tissue showed a significant decrease in the severity of the ultrasound sign of infiltration after recruitment maneuver from 46.5 (38; 57.5) to 37.5 (30.5; 49.5). However, recruitment had practically no effect on the volume of the consolidated area of lung tissue: the general consolidation index before (4 (3; 5)) and after (4 (3; 5)) the maneuver had no statistically significant differences.CONCLUSIONS. The pneumonia-affected consolidated lung tissue has a low recruitment potential and the volume of consolidation does not change with the growth of PEEP. After the recruitment maneuver, the number of B-lines decreases, indicating a decrease in infiltration and an increase in lung airness.Authors declare lack of the conflicts of interests.
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Triantafyllou, T., T. Nikolaidis, M. Diakostefanis et P. Pilidis. « Stability assessment of an airflow distorted military engine’s FAN ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G : Journal of Aerospace Engineering 232, no 13 (27 juin 2017) : 2584–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410017716478.
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Military aircraft are often subjected to severe flight maneuvers with high angles of attack and angles of sideslip. These flight attitudes induce non-uniformity in flow conditions to their gas turbine engines, which may include distortion of inlet total pressure and total temperature at the aerodynamic interface plane. Operation of the downstream engine’s compression system may suffer reduced aerodynamic performance and stall margin, and increased blade stress levels. The present study presents a methodology of evaluating the effect of inlet flow distortion on the engine’s fan stability. The flow distortion examined was induced to the aerodynamic interface plane by means of changing the aircraft’s flight attitude. The study is based on the steady-state flow results from 27 different flight scenarios that have been simulated in computational fluid dynamics. As a baseline model geometry, an airframe inspired by the General Dynamics/LMAERO F-16 aircraft was chosen, which has been exposed to subsonic incoming airflow with varying direction resembling thus different aircraft flight attitudes. The results are focused on the total pressure distribution on the engine’s (aerodynamic interface plane) face and how this is manifested at the operation of the fan. Based on the results, it was concluded that the distorted conditions cause a shift of the surge line on the fan map, with the amount of shift to be directly related to the severity of these distorted conditions. The most severe flight attitude in terms of total pressure distortion, among the tested ones, caused about 7% surge margin depletion comparing to the undistorted value.
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Triantafyllou, T., T. Nikolaidis, M. Diakostefanis et P. Pilidis. « Total pressure distortion levels at the aerodynamic interface plane of a military aircraft ». Aeronautical Journal 119, no 1219 (septembre 2015) : 1147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000011179.
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AbstractMilitary aircrafts are often subjected to severe flight maneuvers with high Angles-of -Attack (AOA) and Angles of Sideslip (AOSS). These flight attitudes induce non-uniform in flow conditions to their gas turbine engines which may include distortion of inlet total pressure and total temperature at the Aerodynamic Interface Plane (AIP). Operation of the downstream compression system with distorted inflow typically results in reduced aerodynamic performance, reduced stall margin, and increased blade stress levels. In the present study the steady state total pressure distortion induced to the Aerodynamic Interface Plane due to the aircraft’s flight attitude have been estimated in terms of distortion descriptors. The distorted conditions at the interface between the intake and the engine have been predicted by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), where 33 different aircraft flight attitudes have been tested. Based on the obtained results the effect of Angle-of-Attack (AOA) and Angle of Side Slip (AOSS) on the distortion descriptors have been studied. The results showed that the distortion effect becomes more pronounced whenever this specific airframe configuration is exposed to incoming flow with an AOSS. Among the tested cases, the greatest total pressure defect at the AIP in terms of difference from the average value and of circumferential extent was calculated for the flight attitudes of 0·35M flight with 0° AOA and 8° AOSS and 0·35M fight with 16° AOA and 16° AOSS.
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Paddock, Natasha, et David Behm. « The effect of an inverted body position on lower limb muscle force and activation ». Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 34, no 4 (août 2009) : 673–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h09-056.
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Complete inversion of the body in a seated position may occur in exceptional circumstances such as in overturned vehicles and during military maneuvers, with direct consequences on health and fatalities. However, the physiological responses to this condition have not been published previously. The purpose of this study was to compare neuromuscular responses to upright and inverted seated positions. Sixteen subjects performed maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and submaximal voluntary contraction knee extensions (25%, 50%, and 75% of MVC) under upright and inverted seated positions. Force, quadriceps activation as measured by the interpolated twitch technique, electromyographic (EMG) activity of the vastus lateralis, and semitendenosis and evoked contractile properties of the quadriceps were measured. Results demonstrated that MVC force (p = 0.01, ↓6.1%) and vastus lateralis EMG (p = 0.009, ↓29.6%) decreased in the inverted compared with the upright position. Instantaneous strength in the inverted position was 19.3% lower than in the upright position (p = 0.005). Heart rate and diastolic and systolic blood pressures were 12.4%, 9.2%, and 10.7% lower (p < 0.0001), respectively, in the inverted position. In conclusion, a seated inverted position impaired MVC force and EMG activity, which could not be attributed to evoked contractile properties. The changes in heart rate and blood pressure may suggest inversion-induced alterations to the sympathetic nervous stimulation.
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Leis, Sherry A., David M. Engle, David M. Leslie et Jeffrey S. Fehmi. « Effects of Short- and Long-Term Disturbance Resulting from Military Maneuvers on Vegetation and Soils in a Mixed Prairie Area ». Environmental Management 36, no 6 (7 octobre 2005) : 849–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0373-6.
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Sabet, Amr G. E. « The Great War and the Middle East ». American Journal of Islam and Society 35, no 2 (1 avril 2018) : 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v35i2.829.
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This book attempts to provide a new reading of the historical events thatserved to shape the Middle East, during and immediately after the firstGreat War (1914-1918). While it does not go so far as to make revisionistclaims, it does make a claim to an alternative perspective on other narratives.The author questions how this grand conflict has been portrayed, notonly in its immediate aftermath but also in its long-term effects observed incurrent regional instabilities.The book includes twelve chapters arranged chronologically and by region,focusing on the military conflicts of WWI not as a study of “militaryhistory of maneuvers” as such, but as a “study of war” in a fashion that reflectsthe interactions of decision-makers involved in this great conflict (x).The first chapter introduces the reader to the “making of imperial strategy”focusing on “ends and ways” (1). By the early twentieth century, Britain appearedto face numerous threats from other great powers such as Germany, ...
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Sjøvold, Endre, et Odd Arne Nissestad. « The Magellan effect – training future naval officers for mission command ». Team Performance Management : An International Journal 26, no 3/4 (16 avril 2020) : 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tpm-01-2018-0008.
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Purpose Officers in post-cold war military operations frequently encounter situations that are not easily handled through central control and chain of command, but demand a more flexible leadership style and the ability to yield some control to subordinates. This study aims to investigate what it takes to train military leaders to master such Maneuver Warfare skills in a culture that still, unconsciously, fosters a chain of command structure. Design/methodology/approach Using a quasi-experimental pre-post design, the authors studied 30 teams of naval cadets (n = 228) in three separate Leadership Development Programs, each of 12 months full time duration. In the three otherwise identical programs, the authors varied one of the major exercises (sailing) both in duration and degree of structure and challenge. Parameters of team interaction were measured using the Systematizing the Person-Group Relation method and summarized in a construct labeled synergy. Findings One of the cohorts showed a significant positive effect. This cohort sailed a barque for ten weeks, crossing the Atlantic during winter storms. Apart from the clear mission of sailing the ship safely back to its home haven, they received no further instructions or training. Although the duration and the challenge likely count for part of the result, the authors argue that the lack of initial structure combined with a shared mission were more important. Research limitations/implications Because of the cost and time involved in each program, it was not possible to independently vary duration, structure and mission. As a result, conclusions as to the reason for the greater positive effect seen in one of the programs cannot be definitively determined. Originality/value The study contributes to the understanding of the effect of unstructured situations on building Maneuver Warfare skills.
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Kler, T. K., P. Sharma, G. S. Sekhon et R. K. Aulakh. « Meta-analysis of avian behavioural responses to aircraft noise ». Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, no 01 (2023) : 426–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01.063.
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Natural environments are now seriously affected by human-made noise, creating complex acoustic circumstances that are unheard of in most locations. Expansion of aero industry and increase in air traffic whether civilian or military is accompanied by large scale noise pollution and habitat disturbances. The present communication is based on meta-analysis of 47 research papers highlighting impact of aircraft noise on avian behavior and communication related to both routine and breeding activities. Aircraft acoustics have been reported to modify behavior of 22 species of birds by changing their specific song structure, communication, population abundance, territorial defence behavior, modifications to reproductive success, impaired vocalization and predator-prey interactions. Recent studies have also uncovered additional negative effects of aeroplane noise on avian behavioral responses by modifying their stress reactions, foraging activity, flight or flushing reactions and avoidance of noisy environments. The ability of bird species to counteract the masking effect of noise through changes in vocal amplitude, song and call frequency, song component redundancy, as well as temporal shifts to avoid noise have been revealed by comparative avian studies conducted in noise free environment. There seems to be a big lacuna in our understanding of influence of aircraft noise on avian community structure, intra/inter species relationships and their prey populations having possibilities of destabilizing effect on intertwined food webs. Detailed studies are required on aircraft noise versus avian population interactions so as to come up with interventions to mitigate their impacts on avian habitats, breeding potential and population abundance; in addition to reduction in noise levels in aviation, maneuvers to reduce noise during landings and take-offs, and to safeguard wildlife in airport influenced areas.
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Bardera, Rafael, Juan Carlos Matias et Estela Barroso. « Particle Image Velocimetry Investigation Of The Aerodynamic Interaction Between Helicopter And An Aircraft Carrier ». Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Application of Laser and Imaging Techniques to Fluid Mechanics 21 (8 juillet 2024) : 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.55037/lxlaser.21st.8.
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Helicopters greatly expand operational capabilities during military missions at the sea. The aircraft carriers are capable of accommodating fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft operations. They not only have one runway for take-off, but also have different spots for helicopter operations. As they are spread over the deck of the aircraft carrier, the non-aerodynamic geometries of the take-off ramp and the island can generate complex flows, with high velocity gradients and turbulence intensities that can make complex the helicopter landing and take-off maneuvers for pilots. This study analyses the interaction between the aerodynamic patterns generated by the warship and those generated during the operation of the helicopter. Two wind conditions are simulated: headwind and crosswind. The results are provided by a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system installed at the wind tunnel test section of a low-speed wind tunnel. The model of aircraft carrier and helicopter are tested in a reduced scale of 1:100. And the helicopter rotor rotates at sufficient speed to ensure the similarity of the thrust coefficient with the real case. Finally, during the wind tunnel tests, using an automatic positioning system, the helicopter is placed in different positions above the aircraft carrier flight deck in order to obtain PIV images and extract non-dimensional velocity contours with and without the helicopter effect. The results have shown important effects of the aerodynamics generated by the bow, the hull and the aircraft carrier island, with velocity differences up to 70 % depending on the landing spot analyzed.
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Frankenstein, Susan, Maria Stevens et Constance Scott. « Ingestion of Simulated SMAP L3 Soil Moisture Data into Military Maneuver Planning ». Journal of Hydrometeorology 16, no 1 (1 février 2015) : 427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-14-0032.1.
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Abstract This paper uses simulated SMAP level-3 (L3) soil moisture data to calculate soil strength directly and compares the results against the current Noah Land Information System–based climatology approach. Based on the availability of data, three sites were chosen for the study: Cheorwon, South Korea; Laboue, Lebanon; and Asham, Nigeria. The simulated SMAP satellite data are representative of May conditions. For all three regions, this is best represented by the “average” soil moisture used in the current climatology approach. The cumulative distribution frequency of the two soil moisture sources indicates good agreement at Asham, Nigeria; mixed agreement at Cheorwon, South Korea; and no agreement at Laboue, Lebanon. Soil strengths and resulting vehicle speeds for a High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV) M1097 were calculated based on the Harmonized World Soil Database soil types used by the two soil moisture sources, as well as with a finer-resolution National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency product. Better agreement was found in soil strengths using the finer-resolution soil product. Finally, fairly large differences in soil moisture become muted in the speed calculations even when all factors except soil strength, slope, and vehicle performance are neglected. It is expected that the 0.04 volumetric uncertainty in the final SMAP L3 soil moisture product will have the greatest effect at low vehicle speeds. Field measurements of soil moisture and strength as well as soil type are needed to verify the results.
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Ribas, José Roberto, Sol García Rodríguez, Elena Arce Fariña et Andrés Suárez-García. « An Assessment on the Efficiency of Clothing with UV Protection among the Spanish Navy School Students ». Materials 15, no 18 (8 septembre 2022) : 6227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186227.
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Concern about the harmful effects that ultraviolet (UV) rays have on the skin of people who are routinely exposed to solar radiation has driven the industry of skin protection creams, sunglasses and clothing. Spanish Navy personnel are subject to different levels of exposure depending on their rank and function. The objective of this research is to analyze the behavioral variables associated to the effects on the skin caused by UV rays, denoted by the combined effects of perceived susceptibility and perceived severity, on their decision to purchase and wear uniforms with UV protection. A confirmatory analysis using a structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed on a sample of 100 respondents. The model results revealed a strong mediating characteristic of the intention to use, variable associated with the exogenous variables. Attitude towards the use of clothing and social influence, as well as the exogenous variable clothing action planning, on the sun protective clothing use during tactical maneuvers. These relationships were significant with p-values close to zero. However, exogenous variables related to perceived susceptibility and perceived severity in exposure to sunlight did not represent a significant influence when mediated by self-efficacy in use. The results revealed the consequence of awareness about the importance of protecting oneself and the influence that usage habits can have on the military with respect to the decision to purchase uniforms with UV protection.
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Shortland, Neil, Elias Nader, Huseyin Sari, Marek Palasinski et Casey Hilland. « Murder on Maneuver : Exploring Green-on-Blue Attacks in Afghanistan ». Armed Forces & ; Society 45, no 2 (5 février 2018) : 368–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x17752425.
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Green-on-blue attacks have a devastating psychological, tactical, and operational effect on military operations in Afghanistan. In spite of this, no empirical research has offered a data-driven examination of these attacks, leaving a gap that this article aims to address. By analyzing a large (yet inevitability incomplete) open-source database developed on these attacks, we present data on the perpetrators and victims of these attacks. We also investigate whether green-on-blue attacks are related to the number of civilian casualties in that area; finding that (unlike wider insurgent violence) they are not. Instead, we find that it is the number of troops present within a Regional Command that is positively correlated with the likelihood that a green-on-blue attack will occur. We discuss the implications of these findings with reference to future issues of force protection.
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Campagnaro, Filippo, Fabian Steinmetz et Bernd-Christian Renner. « Survey on Low-Cost Underwater Sensor Networks : From Niche Applications to Everyday Use ». Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no 1 (6 janvier 2023) : 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11010125.
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Traditionally, underwater acoustic modems and positioning systems were developed for military and Oil & Gas industries, that require deep water deployments and extremely reliable systems, focusing on high power expensive systems and leaving the use of low-cost devices only attractive for academic studies. Conversely, recent developments of low-cost unmanned vehicles, such as remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), suitable for shallow water coastal missions, and the need of sensors network deployments for measuring water quality and studying the effect of climate change in coastal areas, called to the need of low-cost and low-power acoustic modems and positioning systems that are gaining more and more momentum to date. The use of these devices can enable a wide set of applications, often based on low-cost AUV swarm formations, where an acoustic link between the vehicles is required to coordinate the mission, perform the maneuvers, and maintain the formation along the time. Moreover, they can make environmental wireless sensor deployment cost effective by substituting wired systems. Underwater positioning systems, usually used in large-scale operations, can be finally applied to small-scale application thanks to the reduction in costs, at the price of a lower transmission and positioning range and precision. While in open-sea application this performance reduction is a huge limitation, in river, lagoon, port and lake deployments this is not an issue, given that the extremely shallow water and the presence of many obstacles would deteriorate the acoustic signal anyway, not allowing long range transmissions even with expensive and sophisticated acoustic devices. In this paper, we review the recent developments of low-cost and low-power acoustic communication and positioning systems, both analyzing University prototypes and new commercial devices available in the market, identifying advantages and limitations of these devices, and we describe potential new applications that can be enabled by these systems.
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Ghadami, Soghra, Maryam Nezamzadeh, Simintaj Sharififar et Shahla Alyari. « The Effect of Triage Maneuver of Patients Referred to the Emergency Department During the Crisis on the Level of Military Nurse’s Knowledge and Attitude ». Military Caring Sciences 8, no 3 (1 décembre 2021) : 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/mcs.8.3.230.
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Acuña, Marcelo Andrés, Gustavo Simão Rodrigues, Rafael Vitor Guerra Queiroz et Elias Dias Rossi Lopes. « Modeling and dynamic analysis of a 6 x 6 heavy military truck by adaptive model predictive control with application to NATO lane change test course ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D : Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no 13 (10 juin 2020) : 3128–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020924156.
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In this paper, the computer-aided vehicle dynamic analysis of a 6x6 heavy military truck is presented and examined. For the analysis, a MATLAB/Simulink® platform is used to design and model a truck. The vehicle configuration taken into account for the analysis is the powertrain (engine, gear box, transfer gear, differential), suspension, steering system and tire model according to the Pacekja 89’ formulation. In addition, the effect of the rolling resistance and drag is considered, in order to represent the vehicle behavior as real as possible. The longitudinal dynamic and lateral dynamic are formulated. First, the longitudinal dynamic model is established by means of implementation of the weight transfer function. The vehicles are considered as rigid bodies with 1 degree of freedom. Second, the vehicular planar model with three wheels, well known as bicycle model, is applied following the North Atlantic Treaty Organization double line change maneuver test reaching 3 degree of freedom. The driver behavior is represented by using an adaptive model predictive control varying the longitudinal velocity. The forces for braking, inertia of the rotating components, the energy lost in the powertrain, and the effect of dive squat and rollover. The numerical simulation results are shown and compared with a full-vehicle model formed by using Mechanical Simulation Corporation’s truckSIM®. There were chosen simulation scenarios applied to the model to observe the effects of different parameters concerning the dynamic behavior, and also prepared in truckSIM® environment. The main contributions of this article are the development of the vehicular model, through the use of block diagrams in a reliable and relatively simple programming code such as MATLAB/Simulink®, with innovative tools used in the control of autonomous vehicle driving and the flexibility to adapt said model to different environmental conditions and different vehicle parameters.
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Bitoun, Ariane, Hans Ten Bergen et Yann Prudent. « Smart Simulation for Decision Support at Headquarters ». International Journal of Applied Science 2, no 3 (28 novembre 2019) : p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ijas.v2n3p1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
While serious games are being widely adopted by NATO and partner nations, their use is currently limited to training and operations planning. In this paper, we explore new methods that use simulations for decision support during the execution of military operations. During this phase, the commander makes decisions based on knowledge of the situation and the primary objectives. We propose here to take a simulation containing smart and autonomous units, and use it to create new kinds of decision support tools capable of improving situation awareness, and consequently the quality of decisions. The breakthrough behind this initiative is the realization that we can provide HQ decision makers with access to a version of the information that smart simulated units use to make decisions. To ensure the approach was sound we first studied decision-making processes, and analyzed how situation awareness improves decision making. After analysis of the decision-making processes at various headquarters, and the types of decision criteria employed, we are able to produce innovative information, computed by the simulation, and fed by the command and control system. We then propose a prerequisite architecture, and describe the first results of our proof of concept work based on the SWORD (Simulation Wargaming for Operational Research and Doctrine) simulation.
Based on the current situation (intelligence, operational state, logistics, etc.) and the current maneuver (current task), examples of what we are now capable of are as follows: provide an immediate local force ratio map, produce a capacities map (detection, combat), compute contextual fire or logistic support time required, automatically generate lines of battle such as the Forward Line of Own Troops (FLOT), Limit Of Advance (LOA), Line of Contact (LC), Forward Edge of Battle Area (FEBA), or propose an effect based maneuver map in order to understand the current effect of the forces on the ground. We then propose a prerequisite architecture for use as a decision-support system at HQ, and describe the next smart layers that we believe should be developed for optimal results.
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Vicente-Rodríguez, Marta, Damián Iglesias Gallego, Juan Pedro Fuentes-García et Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez. « Portable Biosensors for Psychophysiological Stress Monitoring of a Helicopter Crew ». Sensors 20, no 23 (30 novembre 2020) : 6849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236849.
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This study aims to analyze the psychophysiological stress response of a helicopter crew using portable biosensors, and to analyze the psychophysiological stress response differences of experienced and non-experienced crew members. We analyzed 27 participants (33.89 ± 5.93 years) divided into two different flight maneuvers: a crane rescue maneuver: 15 participants (three control and 12 military) and a low-altitude maneuver: 12 participants (five control and seven military). Anxiety, rating of perceived exertion, subjective perception of stress, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, skin temperature, blood lactate, cortical arousal, autonomic modulation, leg and hand strength, leg flexibility, spirometry, urine, and short-term memory were analyzed before and after both helicopter flight maneuvers. The maneuvers produced a significant increase in stress and effort perception, state of anxiety, and sympathetic modulation, as well as a significant decrease in heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, leg and inspiratory muscle strength, and urine proteins. The use of biosensors showed how a crane rescue and low-altitude helicopter maneuvers produced an anticipatory anxiety response, showing an increased sympathetic autonomic modulation prior to the maneuvers, which was maintained during the maneuvers in both experienced and non-experienced participants. The crane rescue maneuver produced a higher maximal heart rate and decreased pulmonary capacity and strength than the low-altitude maneuver. The psychophysiological stress response was higher in the experienced than in non-experienced participants, but both presented an anticipatory stress response before the maneuver.
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Milchunas, Daniel G., Keith A. Schulz et Robert B. Shaw. « Plant Community Responses to Disturbance by Mechanized Military Maneuvers ». Journal of Environmental Quality 28, no 5 (septembre 1999) : 1533–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050019x.
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COHEN, YOUSSEF. « The Heresthetics of Coup Making ». Comparative Political Studies 24, no 3 (octobre 1991) : 344–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414091024003004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Heresthetics is a term coined by Riker to refer to the stratagems used by politicians to manipulate the structure of a decision-making situation. The object of such manipulation is to force one's opponents into a choice of alternatives such that, whichever alternative is chosen, the opponents will lose. The main argument of this article is that military coups and regimes are largely the outcomes of successful heresthetical maneuvers. In this article my argument is applied to the emergence of the Brazilian military regime of 1964. But the argument should apply more widely. At the very least, this preliminary exercise should stimulate more research on the strategic maneuvers that engender military regimes and other forms of political change. By investigating the relationship between heresthetics and regime change this article also shows how social choice theory and game theory can be used to complement and enrich current explanations of political change.
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Baisaldina, G. Zh. « History of military traditions of the Kazakh Khanate of the 15th-17th century ». Proceeding "Bulletin MILF" 51, no 3 (15 septembre 2022) : 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.56132/2791-3368.2022.3-49-06.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Annotation. The article tells about the military tradition of the Kazakh Khanate in the period from the XV to XVII centuries. It is written about the history of the Kazakh Army, created to preserve the terraced integrity of the country, about the main tactical techniques used in the course of attacks, about maneuvers. The main features in the management of the army are recorded. It is written about aspects of the military history of the Kazakhs, about the specific specifics of military art.
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Stone, Nomi. « Living the Laughscream : Human Technology and Affective Maneuvers in the Iraq War ». Cultural Anthropology 32, no 1 (23 février 2017) : 149–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14506/ca32.1.10.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In a new contribution to contemporary scholarship on war, I explore the epistemological and affective labors outsourced to individuals I call human technologies: populations of local wartime intermediaries and cultural role-players employed by the U.S. military as embodied repositories of Middle East knowledge. Drawing on fieldwork across the United States, this study focuses on the largely unexamined ethnographic spaces of U.S. military predeployment simulations in mock Middle Eastern villages. I focus on Iraqis who first worked for the U.S. military in Iraq as interpreters and then as role-players within predeployment simulations in the United States. Through a close examination of the wartime labors of these individuals, this study illuminates how the intrinsic contradiction in the term human technology—the turning of person into machine for a singular use, foreclosing other forms of being and becoming—plays out on the ground. I demonstrate how the ironic disjuncture between military prescriptions for authenticity and role-players’ experiences of inauthenticity generates moments of affective rupture for those hired to embody their cultures. I argue that a charged tension manifests itself in the training apparatus: on an epistemological level, even as they experience excess, role-players work to make the simulations “look good” to retain their jobs. Meanwhile, that excess manifests itself in affective overflow—in particular, one form that a role-player called “the laughscream.” I contend that such moments of affective excess create a momentary reprieve for role-players, while typically not disturbing the military structure. The role-players’ laughter existentially negates the possibility that human beings can be tools, while permitting them, in practice, to be used as tools.
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Juasari, Itra, Muhammad Walidin et Kiki Mikail. « Turkish and European Union Political Maneuvers in the Syrian Conflict ». Ampera : A Research Journal on Politics and Islamic Civilization 5, no 01 (30 janvier 2024) : 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/ampera.v5i01.22239.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study delves into the political maneuvers undertaken by Turkey and the European Union within the Syrian conflict. The initiation of these maneuvers stemmed from the construction of a gas pipeline in Syria. The research aims to examine the implications of these maneuvers on political stability and security in Syria, with a particular focus on understanding the Turkish and European Union perspectives. The study employs two theoretical frameworks, namely national interest theory and geopolitical theory. Qualitative methods were employed, leveraging primary data obtained through interviews with geopolitical expert Mrs. Dina Y Sulaeman, Director of the Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies (ICMES), and Dr. Muhammad Reza Ebrahimi, an observer of Middle Eastern politics at the Islamic Culture and Relations Organization. Additionally, secondary data was gathered from theses, journals, and research websites pertinent to the study. Findings reveal that both Turkey and the European Union pursued political maneuvers in Syria driven by their economic and political interests. These maneuvers included efforts surrounding the construction of a gas pipeline in 2015 and support for opposition groups aiming to overthrow the Bashar Al Assad regime. However, the response from the Syrian government to internal opposition and demonstrations was met with military deployment and suppression, reflecting Al Assad's confidence in his government's ability to withstand challenges from opposition forces.
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Wishnick, Elizabeth. « Russia in 2015 ». Asian Survey 56, no 1 (janvier 2016) : 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2016.56.1.47.
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Russia’s cooperative approach to Asia contrasts with its assertiveness in Europe and the Middle East, though the Russian military also has made provocative maneuvers near Japan and US Pacific bases. Ukraine may be far from the Asia-Pacific, but the Ukrainian conflict also casts a shadow on Russia’s Asia policy.
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Grauer, Ryan. « Moderating Diffusion : Military Bureaucratic Politics and the Implementation of German Doctrine in South America, 1885–1914 ». World Politics 67, no 2 (10 février 2015) : 268–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887115000027.
Texte intégralRésumé :
How do military ideas, and military doctrines in particular, spread through the international system? This article extends extant work on military diffusion by exploring why some states, after deciding to adopt another's innovative warfighting system, fail to implement it. The author argues that for states to successfully implement a military doctrine developed abroad, much information about the unobservable aspects of the warfighting system is needed. States vary in their capacity to acquire the necessary knowledge because they face differing levels of resistance to military diffusion within their armed forces. Powerful groups within the military that are opposed to such adoptions are likely to use their influence to press for policies and bureaucratic maneuvers that constrain information flows between innovating states and their own state and consequently inhibit implementation and diffusion of military doctrines. Therefore successful implementation of foreign military doctrines can be expected when states face minimal resistance within their militaries, and moderated or failed implementation can be expected when opposition is more significant. A provisional test of the argument is conducted through an assessment of Argentina, Brazil, and Chile's attempts to implement the German military doctrine at the turn of the twentieth century.
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Räisänen, Ari. « Flanking Maneuvers : The Counternarratives of the Military Unconscious in Phil Klay's “After Action Report” and “War Stories” ». American Studies in Scandinavia 53, no 1 (30 avril 2021) : 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v53i1.6222.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article examines the ways in which Phil Klay’s short stories “After Action Report” and “War Stories” generate counternarratives that challenge and fragment populist representations of soldiering, war, and Americanness. In doing so, the analysis reveals new ways of approaching the contemporary American civilian-military disconnect. The article examines this disconnect in a framework based on Fredric Jameson’s theories that reveals the text’s underlying military unconscious: a type of political unconscious that rises from the lived-in social realities of veterans and active duty personnel. The military unconscious is complemented by what I term the hegemonic soldier: the ideological construct which informs the dominant cultural representations of soldiering and war, and which reinforces itself through representations in a fashion similar to the idea of nostalgic recreation.
By applying these concepts, the analysis can uncover the counternarratives that stem from the texts’ military unconscious. The first case study examines the ways in which Klay’s “After Action Report” ruptures the military institution’s hegemonic discourse of killing by providing alternative discourses that allow the soldier subject to resist the hegemonic soldier, and reassert ownership over their experiences. The second case study examines how “War Stories” reveals and critiques the latent presence of the hegemonic soldier in contemporary American society. The hegemonic soldier is shown to be an omnipresent force that appears even in narratives that seek to subvert it. Together, the case studies demonstrate veteran literature’s unique potential in understanding the development of contemporary American culture.
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Feltman, Kathryn A., Kyle A. Bernhardt et Amanda M. Kelley. « Measuring Rotary-Wing Aviator Workload Within Four Workload Domains ». Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no 1 (novembre 2019) : 1363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631158.
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Rotary-wing aviators’ complete unique flight tasks compared to their fixed-wing counterparts. These tasks likely translate into experiences of workload that differ as well. However, the workload experienced by rotary-wing aviators, particularly in the context of military operational scenarios, is less documented in the literature, particularly in terms of overall flight operations rather than maneuvers specific to an operation, such as medical evacuations.
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Mandourah, Yasser, Richard Mottershead, Nafi Alonaizi, Hasan Alriaini, Essam Burhan et Nabeel Al-Yateem. « Empowering Maneuvers : Boldly Mobilizing Military Medical Research and Training within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to Safeguard a Nation and its People. » F1000Research 13 (10 juin 2024) : 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.151754.1.
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In 2023 Alkhathami and colleagues from the Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences highlighted the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s transformative upgrades across various sectors, notably including enhancements to the healthcare system, and called for action to extend these upgrades to the military healthcare field. Prompted by this call to action, the leadership of the military healthcare system swiftly commenced initiatives, acting in less than three months from this pivotal appeal. In January 2023 the first author ordered a decree via the General Directorate of Armed Forces Medical Services of Saudi Arabia, in collaboration with US central Command and international partners, to host the 3rd International Conference of Military Medicine. The event graciously welcoming more than 1000 military representatives from 20 participating nations. The Military Medical Conference, fostering a global military community dialogue on the necessity to explore collective capacities to endure and overcome humanitarian challenges, thereby sustaining health, promoting well-being, and nurturing life through strategies that align with the insights of Alkhathami et al. (2023). The response and the need underlined by the original article are discussed by the Major General, staff of the Saudi Military Medical Services and academics from the University of Sharjah.
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Piękoś, Dominik. « The Impact of Rail Infrastructure on the Military Security of the Republic of Poland ». Logistics and Transport 55, no 2 (2022) : 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26411/83-1734-2015-2-55-5-22.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the nineteenth century, there was a significant development of rail transport in Poland. The use of rail transport by the Polish Armed Forces depends on the current situation in the country and in the world as well as on the tasks performed by military institutions. In peacetime, the railway is used mainly for the transport of troops to the area of training grounds and maneuvers. A key role during the transport of troops is also a properly planned route, taking into account the available railway infrastructure. The technical condition of the infrastructure largely affects the activities of a military nature. Adequate infrastructure affects the logistical security of own and allied troops in times of peace, crisis and war. Properly logistically secured, the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland have a fundamental impact on the country's military security.
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Rusakovich, Andrey V. « Role of the CSTO in Strengthening Regional Security ». Eurasia. Expert, no 2 (2021) : 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s271332140015841-2.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In 2021, Russia and Belarus are planning to hold a record number of exercises. In particular, large-scale strategic maneuvers "West-2021" will be held on the territory of Belarus. The focus on the western borders is not accidental: according to the military ministers of the two countries, the situation there is not calm. At the level of the CSTO, NATO is active in Eastern Europe in building up the missile defense system and increasing the intensity of military exercises. According to Secretary General of the organization Stanislav Zasya, the confrontational course of the alliance creates dangerous preconditions for a new arms race and the alliance is forced "to take adequate measures. Andrei Rusakovich, professor of Belarussian State University, explained in an interview with Eurasia.Expert why Russia and Belarus are increasing military cooperation and how cooperation within the CSTO fits into these tasks.
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Olberding, Garret P. « Dynamic Divisions ». Journal of Chinese Military History 3, no 2 (26 novembre 2014) : 91–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22127453-12341268.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A major and as yet insurmountable obstacle in our comprehension of pre-modern Chinese military culture is the unfortunate dearth of detailed battle scenes or attack plans. The historiographical record simply does not include more than the barest outlines of how battles transpired. This essay offers a possible back-door method for accessing military movements and formations on an abstract level. It contends that the ancient game ofweiqi, commonly known in the West by its Japanese name, Go, may afford insight into some of the military maneuvers likely employed in the Tang and Song dynasties, and perhaps even earlier. Using the earliest game maps available, found in the Song-eraWangyou qingle ji, with additional input from Ming and Qing texts, the essay spatially analyzes the tactical terms from a manuscript attributed to an author from the Five Dynasties and early Song periods, theWeiqi yili, and illustrates their potential employment using two historical passages, one from theJiu Tangshuand another from theHanshu.
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Lalwani, Sameer. « Pakistan in 2019 ». Asian Survey 60, no 1 (janvier 2020) : 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2020.60.1.177.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Relatively prudent foreign policy maneuvers stole the headlines in 2019, overshadowing Pakistan’s downward economic spiral and political decay. The Imran Khan government made the most of extra-regional strategic opportunities with the US and China while weathering a collapsing bilateral relationship with India. Officials struggled to arrest a mounting economic crisis. The state further accelerated the long-term corrosion of Pakistan’s political institutions with threats to federalism, suppression of opposition elements, and greater space for the military at the expense of civilians.
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S. Batychenko, S., L. Melnik, P. Savkov et O. Storubliov. « FEATURES THE DEVELOPMENT OF MILITARY TOURISM IN UKRAINE ». Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Military-Special Sciences, no 4 (48) (2021) : 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2217.2021.48.66-69.
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The article reveals the concept of military tourism. It is determined that military tourism is tourism on the battlefields and historical battles for all concerned, as well as for veterans and relatives of fallen soldiers, visits to existing and historical military facilities and training grounds, warships, submarines, military equipment, shooting from weapons on training grounds and shooting ranges, participation in military exercises and maneuvers, stay on training grounds as spectators – military tour, these also include tours to visit military concentration camps and prisons. Scientists have identified several classifications of subspecies of military tourism. Military tourism is military-historical, arms, military tourism, military tourism. There is also another classification of the division of military tourism into military-cognitive, military-adventure tourism, military-historical reconstructions of hostilities, illegal tours directly to the zone of military conflict. According to another approach, military tourism should be divided into three functional groups, taking into account the purpose and value orientations of tourists, as well as the emotional context of the trip: military-historical tourism, military tourism and military-event tourism. The resource base of military tourism in Ukraine is represented by objects of historical and cultural heritage of the princely era, the Cossacks, as well as the First, Second World and Civil Wars in the form of remnants of fortresses, defensive ramparts, graves, monuments and memorials to fallen soldiers and fellow villagers, places of executions or battles, military history museums, relevant exhibitions and festivals, military hotels. But not only visiting historical sites related to military events includes military tourism, but also tourists often want to try to shoot with weapons, ride tanks, armored personnel carriers, helicopters, as well as life in the military and participation in military training programs. In Ukraine, only one route has been developed and operates in the Transcarpathian region. It is established that military tourism in Ukraine is not fully mastered, but at the same time promising.
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Villafaina, Santos, Dr Juan Pedro Fuentes-García, Narcis Gusi, José F. Tornero-Aguilera et Vicente J. Clemente-Suárez. « Psychophysiological response of military pilots in different combat flight maneuvers in a flight simulator ». Physiology & ; Behavior 238 (septembre 2021) : 113483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113483.
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K. Liu, P. Ayers, H. Howard, R. Jones et A. Anderson. « Prediction of Rut Depth During Military Vehicle Turning Maneuvers Using a Modified Sinkage Numeric ». Transactions of the ASABE 53, no 4 (2010) : 1019–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.32585.
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Forsyth, James R., Ryan de la Harpe, Diane L. Riddiford-Harland, John W. Whitting et Julie R. Steele. « Analysis of Scoring of Maneuvers Performed in Elite Men’s Professional Surfing Competitions ». International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, no 9 (octobre 2017) : 1243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0561.
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Purpose:To investigate the influence of turns, tube rides, and aerial maneuvers on the scores awarded in elite men’s professional surfing competitions. The successful completion rate and scores associated with different aerial variations were also investigated. Methods:Video recordings from all 11 events of the 2015 World Surf League men’s world championship tour were viewed to classify maneuvers performed by the competitors on each wave as turns, tube rides, and aerials. A 2-way ANOVA was used to determine any main effect or interaction of maneuver type or event location on the wave scores. A 1-way ANOVA was used to determine any main effect of aerial type on successful completion rate. Results:Aerial maneuvers were scored significantly higher than tube rides and turns. A significant main effect existed for maneuver and completion rate. Aerial maneuvers had the lowest completion rate, 45.4%. During the finals series (quarterfinals, semifinals, and finals heats) aerial-maneuver completion rate was higher, 55.4%. The frontside air reverse was the most commonly performed maneuver and received an average score of 6.77 out of 10. Conclusion:Professional surfers can optimize their potential single-wave scores during competition by successfully completing aerial maneuvers. However, aerial maneuvers continue to be a high-risk maneuver with a significantly lower completion rate. Our findings suggest that surfers should aim to improve their aerial-maneuver completion rate via surf practice or land-based training drills.
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Salazar, Sergio A., Jose L. Borrero et David M. Harris. « On systolic murmurs and cardiovascular physiological maneuvers ». Advances in Physiology Education 36, no 4 (décembre 2012) : 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00128.2011.
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Physiological principles that directly apply to physical diagnosis provide opportune occasions to bring basic science to the bedside. In this article, we describe the effect of cardiac maneuvers on systolic murmurs and how physiological principles apply to the explanation of the changes noted at the bedside. We discuss the effect of Valsalva, squatting, and hand grip maneuvers on different physiological parameters influencing preload, afterload, chamber dimensions, and pressure gradients. The clinical manifestations noted during the aforementioned maneuvers are described in common cardiac conditions responsible for the production of certain systolic murmurs.
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ȚECU, Cristian. « ENGINEERING ACTIVITIES OF THE MECHANIZED BRIGADE IN OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS ». BULLETIN OF "CAROL I" NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 10, no 3 (20 octobre 2021) : 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-21-29.
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In the current context, when the dynamics of defensive and offensive operations is pronounced, which involves numerous and frequent movements and maneuvers of forces and means, modern armies attribute the primary role in ensuring their own mobility and countermobility of adversary forces which demonstrates the pronounced dynamic character of military actions. Due to the conditions and volatility of the operational environment in which the military forces must act, the engineering support is an important factor in the preparation and conduct of operations, but also in achieving the desired end state. In offensive operations, which are executed jointly, the engineer’s missions support the development of the combat environment for the maneuvering forces in contact, accelerate through mobility, tactical movement and provide the necessary infrastructure to protect their own forces.
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Ozcan, P. Ergin, I. Edipoğlu, IO Akinci, E. Senturk, S. Baylan, AA Cagatay, F. Esen, L. Telci et N. Cakar. « Effect of different recruitment maneuvers on bacterial translocation ». Critical Care 14, Suppl 1 (2010) : P183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/cc8415.
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He, Ai, Qinghua Zeng, You Zhang, Pengfu Xie, Jianping Li et Ming Gao. « A Fault Diagnosis Analysis of Afterburner Failure of Aeroengine Based on Fault Tree ». Processes 11, no 7 (13 juillet 2023) : 2086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11072086.
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The afterburner is essential for military aeroengines, providing rapid thrust increase during critical maneuvers. However, complex failure mechanisms pose challenges for fault diagnosis and troubleshooting. This study investigates a specific aviation engine’s afterburner engagement principle and typical faults, using fault tree analysis and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). We propose a hybrid diagnostic fault architecture combining traditional observer fault diagnosis with fault trees for online fault diagnosis of critical faults. Simulations and test bench verification confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach, offering valuable insights and guidance for addressing afterburner engagement issues in aviation engines.
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McIntosh, Janet. « Language and the Military : Necropolitical Legitimation, Embodied Semiotics, and Ineffable Suffering ». Annual Review of Anthropology 50, no 1 (21 octobre 2021) : 241–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-101819-110258.
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This article augments and complicates Nelson's claim that “we talk our way into war and talk our way out of it” ( Dedaić & Nelson 2003 , p. 459). Military endeavors require verbal legitimation, but militarizing participants and wide swaths of the civilian population requires more than just a stated rationale. It requires the complex construction of acquiescent selves and societies through linguistic maneuvers that present themselves with both brute force and subtlety to enable war's necropolitical calculus of who should live and who can, or must, die ( MacLeish 2013 , Mbembe 2003 ). War also involves vexed, stunted, and deadly forms of communication with perceived enemies or civilian populations. And those who are victims of military deeds, including civilians and sometimes service members themselves, are often left with psychic wounds that they cannot talk their way out of, for such wounds resist semantic expression and may emerge through more complex semiotic forms.
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Suominen, Mikko, Fang Li, Liangliang Lu, Pentti Kujala, Anriëtte Bekker et Jonni Lehtiranta. « Effect of Maneuvering on Ice-Induced Loading on Ship Hull : Dedicated Full-Scale Tests in the Baltic Sea ». Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no 10 (28 septembre 2020) : 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8100759.
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Maneuvers in level ice are common operations for icebreakers and polar supply vessels. Maneuvering exposes the midship and stern area to ice interaction, influencing the magnitude and frequency of ice-induced loading in these areas. However, full-scale measurements do not typically cover the midship and stern areas, as measurements have commonly focused on the bow area. Controlled maneuvering tests were conducted during the ice trials of S.A. Agulhas II in the Baltic Sea. During these tests, ice-induced loading at different hull areas was measured simultaneously with ship control, navigation, and ice condition data. This work studied the effect of maneuvers on the characteristics and statistics of ice-induced loading at different hull areas and compared the impact to ahead operations. The study showed that the maneuvers had minor impact to the magnitude, frequency, and duration of loading at the bow and bow shoulder. On the other hand, maneuvers had a clear effect on the load magnitude and frequency at the stern shoulder. Additionally, a statistical analysis showed that the load magnitude increased as a function of load duration in all hull areas. Furthermore, the analyzed measurement data are presented and made available with the paper.
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Toupet, Michel, Evelyne Ferrary et Alexis Bozorg Grayeli. « Effect of Repositioning Maneuver Type and Postmaneuver Restrictions on Vertigo and Dizziness in Benign Positional Paroxysmal Vertigo ». Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012) : 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/162123.
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Introduction. To compare the efficiency of Epley (Ep) and Sémont-Toupet (ST) repositioning maneuvers and to evaluate postmaneuver restriction effect on short-term vertigo and dizziness after repositioning maneuvers by an analog visual scale (VAS) in benign positional paroxysmal vertigo (BPPV).Material and Methods. 226 consecutive adult patients with posterior canal BPPV were included. Patients were randomized into 2 different maneuver sequence groups (n=113): 2 ST then 1 Ep or 2 Ep then 1 ST. Each group of sequence was randomized into 2 subgroups: with or without postmaneuver restrictions. Vertigo and dizziness were assessed from days 0 to 5 by VAS.Results. There was no difference between vertigo scores between Ep and ST groups. Dizziness scores were higher in Ep group during the first 3 days but became similar to those of ST group at days 4 and 5. ST maneuvers induced liberatory signs more frequently than Ep (58% versus 42% resp.,P<0.01, Fisher's test). After repositioning maneuvers, VAS scores decreased similarly in patients with and without liberatory signs. Postmaneuver restrictions did not influence VAS scores.Conclusion. Even if ST showed a higher rate of liberatory signs than Ep in this series, VAS scores were not influenced by these signs.
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Vetschera, Heinz. « The practice of confidence‐building measures in Europe : Patterns of prior notification of military maneuvers ». Defense Analysis 4, no 2 (janvier 1988) : 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07430178808405345.
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