Thèses sur le sujet « Effect of herbicide on »
Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres
Consultez les 50 meilleures thèses pour votre recherche sur le sujet « Effect of herbicide on ».
À côté de chaque source dans la liste de références il y a un bouton « Ajouter à la bibliographie ». Cliquez sur ce bouton, et nous générerons automatiquement la référence bibliographique pour la source choisie selon votre style de citation préféré : APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
Vous pouvez aussi télécharger le texte intégral de la publication scolaire au format pdf et consulter son résumé en ligne lorsque ces informations sont inclues dans les métadonnées.
Parcourez les thèses sur diverses disciplines et organisez correctement votre bibliographie.
Somireddy, Upender Reddy. « Effect of Herbicide-Organic Mulch Combinations on Weed Control and Herbicide Persistence ». The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1325255792.
Texte intégralMansooji, Ali Mohammad. « Herbicide resistance in wild oats, Avena spp ». Title page, contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm289.pdf.
Texte intégralManeechote, Chanya. « Mechanisms of herbicide resistance in wild oats (Avena spp.) ». Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm274.pdf.
Texte intégralAbulnaja, Khalid Omar. « Effect of different herbicide classes on lipid metabolism ». Thesis, Cardiff University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254870.
Texte intégralZama, Paul. « Studies on the mechanisms of action of the herbicide safener CGA- 92194 ». Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49970.
Texte intégralPh. D.
incomplete_metadata
Clifford, Philip A. (Philip Alan). « Validation of a Coupled Herbicide Fate and Target Plant Species Effects Model ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332422/.
Texte intégralNietschke, Brett Steven. « Integrated strategies for wild oat (Avena spp.) management in southern Australian farming systems ». Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn677.pdf.
Texte intégralMersie, Wondimagegnehu. « Selectivity and soil behavior of chlorsulfuron ». Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53563.
Texte intégralPh. D.
Fillmore, Andrew Nathan. « Droplet Size Effect on Herbicide Used in Cereals to Control Dicotyledonous Weeds ». Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27419.
Texte intégralYenne, Samuel P. « Investigations on the mechanism of action of the oxime ether safeners for the protection of grain sorghum against metolachlor ». Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54821.
Texte intégralPh. D.
Friesen, Lincoln Jacob Shane. « Identification of the mechanisms of wild radish herbicide resistance to PSII inhibitors, auxinics, and AHAS inhibitors ». University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0106.
Texte intégralCarr, J. E. « Physiological effects of the herbicide fluazifop-butyl ». Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.482982.
Texte intégralDodds, Darrin Matthew. « Adjuvant effects on herbicide absorption and translocation ». Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11022007-143506.
Texte intégralStedman, Sam. « Effect of Timing and Herbicide Compatibility in the Application of Burst on Upland Cotton ». College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221232.
Texte intégralSta, Chaima. « Activités toxiques et génotoxiques de la sulcotrione chez Vicia faba, en association ou non avec d'autres molécules de protection ». Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22453/document.
Texte intégralPotential cell toxicity of sulcotrione 2-(2-Chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzoyl)-1,3 cyclohexanedione), a selective triketonic herbicide was evaluated on Vicia faba and Allium cepa . Genotoxicity was studied in hydroponic culture conditions for treatment at different pesticide concentrations 10-5, 10-4 and 2.10-4 M for 45 h. Our results showed that sulcotrione treatments caused a dose dependent increase of micronucleus frequencies in root meristematic cells. Sulcotrione induced chromosomal alterations at the lowest concentration used (10-5M) when incubated for 42 h. We have shown a decrease in mitotic index, indicating a potent mutagenic effect of this element. This is the first report for the genotoxicity of such a sulcotrione herbicide. It induced a growth inhibition in both leaves and roots and a brownish color in treated roots. Sulcotrione, trade mark Mikado®, grape marc and mixtures of sulcotrione or Mikado® and grape marc induce cell death. The herbicides, cocktails of products with sulcotrione, such as adjuvant in commercial product, induced several changes for antioxidant cell state characterized by an overproduction of H2O2. Production of harmful radicals was accompanied by increased production of MDA and increase of the cell death rate. Addition of grape extracts to herbicides, either sulcotrione or Mikado®, had different effects and results in different expression of genes usually associated to cell stress. Mixture of grape marc and herbicides enhanced transcript accumulation for different effects and results in different expression of some stress-related genes like hsp70.1, cat, ubiquitin, APX, CuZnSOD cy et CuZnSOD ch. Mechanisms which could be associated to gene expression, cell defense and genotoxidity are discussed
Clark, Sonya A. « Herbicide effects on white clover growth and nodulation ». Thesis, University of Canterbury. Microbiology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6909.
Texte intégralHankins, S. D. « The effect of precipitation on the performance of foliage-applied herbicides for the control of broad-leaved weeds ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379852.
Texte intégralBarker, Whitnee Leigh. « Lateral Movement of Herbicides on Golf Course Fairways and Effects on Bentgrass Greens ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9929.
Texte intégralMaster of Science
Robinson, Richard D. (Richard Daniel). « The effects of bromoxynil herbicide on experimental prairie wetlands / ». Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55701.
Texte intégralKim, Do-Soon. « Modelling herbicide and nitrogen effects on crop-weed competition ». Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302155.
Texte intégralJenkins, David G. « Effects of an herbicide on a planktonic food web ». Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90948.
Texte intégralM.S.
Simão, Fátima Cristina Paulino. « The effects of distinct herbicide regimes in soil arthropods ». Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/6235.
Texte intégralAs práticas agrícolas têm sido associadas a perdas em larga escala a nível da biodiversidade. No entanto, elementos como as margens dos campos, são con-siderados importantes e com potencial para diminuir os impactes da agricultura ao promover fontes de alimento e refúgio. No entanto, os pesticidas e em parti-cular os herbicidas podem afectar estas áreas e provocar impactes nas comu-nidades que dependem destas estruturas. Devido à sua sensibilidade a pertur-bações, os artrópodes são um grupo ideal para avaliar os impactes de pestici-das nos sistemas agrícolas. Para além disto têm um papel fundamental nas teias tróficas, constituindo a maior fonte de alimento para muitos vertebrados que habitam nestes ambientes, como a espécie de lagartixa Podarcis bocagei. Neste estudo, avaliou-se o efeito da utilização de herbicidas nas comunidades de artrópodes de margens agrícolas, com recurso ao método de captura por armadilha de queda e a um método para estimar rapidamente a biodiversidade, a identificação a um nível taxonómico elevado. O estudo focou-se nas diferen-ças entre margens de campos com e sem herbicidas em duas estações, prima-vera e outono. A abundância, riqueza de grupos e a composição de guildas tróficas foram determinadas, assim como a abundância e tamanho dos artrópo-des presas de Podarcis bocagei, a lagartixa mais comum na área. Relativamente às diferenças encontradas entre os campos, destaca-se a ausência de um padrão negativo provocado pelos herbicidas. Na primavera os parâmetros avaliados foram, geralmente, mais elevados nas margens agrícolas tratadas. No outono o padrão que surgiu foi distinto, com um dos campos não expostos exibindo valores mais elevados para os parâmetros avaliados, sendo as diferenças entre os campos mais ténues. Os resultados parecem indicar que alguns dos campos são mais favoráveis às populações de artrópodes, assim como às populações de lacertídeos. No entanto, em geral o tratamento com herbicidas não foi suficiente para explicar as variações encontradas nas comunidades de artrópodes. Outros factores não avaliados, como a estrutura da paisagem e do habitat e a composição florística podem ter contribuído para as diferenças encontradas.
Since the advent of agricultural intensification that agricultural practices such as pesticide usage have become associated with large scale biodiversity losses. However, semi-natural landscape elements associated, such as field margins, are thought to benefit biodiversity and lessen the damaging effects of agricul-ture by providing sources of food and refuges. Nevertheless, Pesticides, and herbicides in particular may also affect these areas and consequently impact the communities that depend on these structures. Because of high diversity and sensitivity to disturbance, arthropods are ideal animals to assess impacts of pesticides in these ecosystems. Furthermore, they play essential roles in trophic webs, constituting the major diet components for many vertebrate spe-cies that inhabit these ecosystems, such as the lizard Podarcis bocagei. In this study the effects of herbicides on arthropod communities of field margins were estimated, using pitfall traps and identification to a higher taxonomic level as a rapid assessment method of biodiversity. The study focused on the differ-ences between herbicide treated and non-treated margins in two distinct sea-sons, spring and autumn, being abundance, group richness, guild composition, abundance and size of prey items of Podarcis bocagei, the most common lizard in the area, determined for all fields. Differences were found between fields, but no clear negative effects were evi-denced as a consequence of herbicidal treatment. In spring, margins of ex-posed fields generally exhibited higher values for the assessed parameters, while in autumn, a distinct pattern arose, with fewer differences found between communities. Results seem to indicate that some of the fields may be more favourable to arthropod populations, as well as lacertid populations, but overall, herbicide treatment was not sufficient to explain the variation found in arthropod commu-nities. Other unassessed factors such as landscape and habitat structure and plant community composition could be contributing to the differences found.
Kim, Sangho. « Metabolic bases for the differential response of 'Kwangkyo' and 'Hood' soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) to the herbicide paraquat ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40182.
Texte intégralPh. D.
Rowe, Alexander M. « The effects of the herbicide atrazine on mammalian immune function ». Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5181.
Texte intégralTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 183 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
Galli, Fabrizio. « Welfare effects of herbicide-tolerant rice adoption in southern Brazil ». Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106439.
Texte intégralL'avènement des nouvelles technologies biologiques exige des investissements importants en recherche et développement (R&D). Le secteur public a historiquement dirigé les initiatives de R&D agricole, qui en raison de son caractère de bien public caracteristique comme un bien public et le risque d'investissement élevé, le secteur privé a eu peu d'incitation à participer. Néanmoins, avec l'affermissement des mécanismes de la propriété intellectuelle dans l'agriculture – tels que Plant Breeders Rights et des brevets – ainsi que le débat croissant sur la rigueur qu'elles possèdent, le secteur privé a été responsable pour une portion significative des dépenses en R&D durant les deux dernières décennies. Étant donné la facilité avec laquelle les graines peuvent être reproduites, les droits de la propriété intellectuelle (DPIs) et l'appropriation des avantages des innovations biologiques est toujours un sujet à controverse. Cette étude porte sur les implications des DPIs sur la distribution de bien être à la suite du développement et introduction d'un espèce de riz tolérant aux herbicides (commercialisé sous le nom Clearfield Rice) par une firme multinational (BASF) dans le sud du Brésil. Nous utilisons le model excédentaire par Alston, Norton and Pardey (1995) pour estimer le surplus économique revenant aux producteurs de riz et à l'innovateur. Nous avons trouvé qu'avec le system des DPI actuel, sous lequel la loi de protection des variétés végétales ne limite pas la vente des graines sauvegardées, ce sont les producteurs qui reçoivent la plus grande partie des avantages économiques. Nous analysons les changements à la distribution de bien être dans l'application des DPIs et nous trouvons que même si les innovateurs et les producteurs réalisent des bénéfices économiques, ce sont les producteurs qui recueillent une portion significative des avantages totaux. Par conséquent, les producteurs peuvent bénéficier de l'innovation biologique protégé par les DPIs. En même temps, l'investissement privé en recherche peut dépendre sur l'application des DPIs qui permettent l'appropriation significative des gains économiques.
Martin, Mark. « Herbicide Effects on Cultivars of Soybeans [Glycine Max (L.) Merr.] ». TopSCHOLAR®, 1985. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2585.
Texte intégralBianchi, Leandro. « Efeito de glyphosate e clethodim isolados e em mistura em Digitaria insularis ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153555.
Texte intégralApproved for entry into archive by Maria Lucia Martins Frederico null (mlucia@fca.unesp.br) on 2018-04-16T20:03:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bianchi_l_me_botfca.pdf: 3197898 bytes, checksum: 5bd6736d1b7a1e530435ae5e7c91c884 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-16T20:03:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bianchi_l_me_botfca.pdf: 3197898 bytes, checksum: 5bd6736d1b7a1e530435ae5e7c91c884 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-22
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Devido ao uso frequente do glyphosate na agricultura, o capim-amargoso (Digitaria insularis) tornou-se uma das plantas daninhas mais problemáticas no Brasil, por adquirir resistência a esse herbicida. Biótipos resistentes em estádios iniciais são facilmente controlados por graminicidas, porém em estádio mais avançado o controle é reduzido. O herbicida clethodim é um graminicida com alta eficiência, portanto, verificar o controle de biótipos resistentes ao glyphosate em diferentes estádios, com o uso isolado de clethodim e em mistura com o glyphosate é fundamental para auxiliar no manejo desta invasora. Assim o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de glyphosate, clethodim e glyphosate + clethodim, em biótipo de D. insularis resistente e suscetível. O ensaio foi realizado em casa de vegetação, inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e repetido em duas épocas do ano. As aplicações foram realizadas em estádio inicial (15 – 20 cm) e em florescimento. Avaliou-se o controle aos 21 dias e o peso da biomassa seca. Para a mistura dos produtos, foi verificada a interação entre os herbicidas: efeito sinérgico, antagônico ou aditivo. No ensaio com plantas em estádio inicial, avaliou-se a concentração de lipídeos na biomassa seca. De forma geral, a aplicação de clethodim aplicado isoladamente controlou o biótipo resistente em estádio inicial, porém em florescimento a eficácia foi reduzida. A mistura mostrou-se eficiente para controle de biótipo resistente em estádio inicial e em florescimento. Considerando as avaliações visuais de controle, a interação entre glyphosate e clethodim apresentou efeito sinérgico para doses intermediárias e aditivo para as maiores doses considerando o estádio inicial; em plantas florescidas, predominaram os efeitos aditivos para todas as doses. Para massa seca, a mistura teve interação sinérgica em todas as doses e estádios avaliados. As menores doses dos dois herbicidas reduziram os teores de lipídeos.
Due to frequent use of glyphosate in agriculture, sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) has become one of the most problematic weeds in Brazil for purchase resistance to this herbicide. Resistant biotypes in initial stages are easily controlled by graminicides, but in a more advanced stage the control is reduced. The herbicide clethodim is a graminicide with high efficiency, therefore, to check the control of resistant biotypes of glyphosate in different stages, with the isolated use of clethodim and in mixture with the glyphosate is fundamental to assist in the management of this weed. Thus the experiment was aimed at evaluate the action of glyphosate, clethodim and glyphosate + clethodim, in a resistant and susceptible biotype of D. insularis. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, completely randomized, with four replications and repeated at two times of the year. The applications were performed in the initial stage (15 - 20 cm) and flowering. Plants were evaluated at 21 days after application (DAA) and dry biomass weight. For the mixture of products, the interaction between the herbicides was also verified: synergistic, antagonistic or additive effect. In the experiment with plants at the initial stage, was evaluated the lipid concentration in the dry biomass. In general, the application of clethodim applied alone controlled the resistant biotype at the initial stage, but in flowering the efficiency was reduced. The mixture showed to be efficient for control of resistant biotype in initial and flowering stages. Considering the visual evaluations of control, the interaction between glyphosate and clethodim showed synergic effect for intermediate doses and additive for the highest doses considering the initial stage; in flowered plants, with the additive effects predominating for all as doses, the additive effect prevailed for all doses. For dry mass, the mixture had synergistic interaction at all doses and evaluated stages. Lower doses of both herbicides reduced lipid levels.
Arjoon, Diane S. « Effect of water table management on pesticide movement in two Québec soils ». Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69596.
Texte intégralIn the organic soil, herbicide leaching was greatly reduced due to the management of the water table. The pesticide remained higher in the soil profile, preventing leaching to the drains and allowing degradation.
The opposite effect appeared to have occurred in the sandy soil. The higher water table resulting from subsurface irrigation may have induced the leaching of the contaminant into lower soil levels and into the ground water. The high water solubility of the herbicide metolachlor, in conjunction with low microbial activity, may have played a role in this phenomenon.
Cave, Ashley E. « Grey treefrog tadpole development and behavior altered by dicamba herbicide exposure ». Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1623757491963071.
Texte intégralChin, Pampillo Juan Salvador. « Environmental benefits of using biochar as an amendment in pineapple cultivation in Costa Rica : soil physicochemical and biological effects and interaction with agrochemicals ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670452.
Texte intégralLa producción de piña es una actividad económica importante en Costa Rica que ha aumentado significativamente su área cultivada en las dos últimas décadas, con una alta generación de residuos agroindustriales y un uso intensivo de plaguicidas, incluidos los herbicidas bromacil y diurón. Ambos se han detectado en aguas superficiales y subterráneas, lo que ha causado problemas ambientales, de salud y económicos, aunque aún existe poca información sobre su destino ambiental en los suelos tropicales. La transformación de residuos agroindustriales en biocarbón (biochar) mediante pirólisis y su adición al suelo como enmienda, se ha propuesto como una práctica útil de gestión de residuos capaz de mejorar la calidad del suelo, el secuestro de carbono y que podría mitigar la movilidad de los plaguicidas. El objetivo de la tesis fue evaluar los beneficios y eventuales efectos no deseados de la adición de biocarbón a un suelo costarricense cultivado con piña en combinación con bromacil o diuron, considerando tanto sus efectos ecotoxicológicos como en su destino y eficiencia. Los materiales carbonizados (MC) se obtuvieron pirolizando a 300 o 600 °C durante una hora rastrojo de piña (PS), pinzote de palma aceitera (PF) y cascarilla de café (CH), se caracterizaron física y químicamente y se mezclaron con suelo en dosis de aplicación equivalentes a 10 y 20 t ha-1. Se evaluaron la sorción, la degradación y la biodegradación de ambos plaguicidas en condiciones de laboratorio con lo que se predijo su riesgo ambiental con el Índice de Clasificación de Impacto de Plaguicidas. Además, se midió la emergencia y el crecimiento de la lechuga (Lactuca sativa), el desarrollo de invertebrados (colémbolo Folsomia candida; enquitréido Enchytraeus crypticus) y la diversidad funcional de los microorganismos (Microresp™) para probar los efectos de los MC en la eficiencia de los herbicidas y sobre organismos terrestres no diana. Los MC a 300 °C se clasificaron como materiales torrefactos (MT) y a 600 °C como biocarbones (B). Los biocarbones mostraron mayor superficie específica, contenido de carbono fijo y pH que los MT, mientras que los PS-B y PF-B presentaron mayor abundancia de grupos funcionales oxigenados superficiales que el CH-B y que todos los MT. Se observó una sorción débil de ambos plaguicidas en el suelo, lo que sugiere una alta movilidad, mientras que la degradación y biodegradación de bromacil fue limitada comparada con el diurón. La adición de biocarbón aumentó la persistencia del bromacil, mientras que los PS-MT y PF-MT aumentaron la sorción del diurón. No obstante, la movilidad y la toxicidad acuática predichas de los herbicidas no se afectaron. La adición de MC no redujo la eficiencia de los herbicidas, pero aumentó la emergencia sin mejorar el crecimiento. La aplicación de herbicidas no tuvo efectos tóxicos sobre colémbolos o enquitréidos pues promovió su reproducción sin afectar la supervivencia. Hubo una evitación generalizada de los enquitréidos de las mezclas suelo-MC opuesta a la preferencia general de los colémbolos, independientemente de la presencia de herbicidas. Finalmente, no se demostraron cambios en la diversidad funcional microbiana por la adición de herbicidas o MC, y solo se observó un aumento en la tasa de consumo de algunos sustratos en algunas mezclas suelo-MC tratados con diurón. En conclusión, la adición de MC no cambió la eficiencia de los herbicidas ni su destino en el Ultisol tropical arcilloso estudiado. Bajo la gestión habitual del cultivo de la piña en la Región Norte de Costa Rica, ambos herbicidas presentaron un elevado riesgo ambiental para aguas superficiales y subterráneas, y pese a que la adición de MC no le mitigar, no causaron efectos negativos sino una mejora del suelo como hábitat para invertebrados edáficos.
Pineapple production is an important economic activity in Costa Rica as shown by the increase in its cropped area in the last two decades. It involves a high generation of agro-wastes as well as an intensive application of pesticides, including the herbicides bromacil, and diuron. Their use is associated with problems of environmental, health and economic concern, because it has been detected in both surface water and groundwater. However, there is still scarce information about the environmental fate of these herbicides in tropical soils. The transformation of this agro-waste surplus by pyrolysis into biochar, a carbonaceous material, followed by its addition to soil as an amendment, has been suggested as a useful waste management practice. This is because it may improve the soil quality and carbon sequestration and potentially mitigate the mobility of pesticides. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the benefits and unexpected effects of biochar addition to a Costa Rican agricultural soil cropped to pineapple, concurrently considering the effects on bromacil and diuron fate and efficiency as well as non-target soil ecotoxicological effects. For this purpose, pineapple stubble (PS), oil palm fiber (PF) and coffee hulls (CH) were pyrolyzed at 300 or 600 °C for one hour and then physically and chemically characterized. Mixtures of the charred materials (CM) with soil were prepared at application rates equivalent to 10 and 20 t ha-1. Sorption, degradation, and biodegradation of both pesticides were evaluated in the laboratory, and the results were used to predict their environmental risk with the Pesticide Impact Rating Index. In addition, lettuce emergence and growth (Lactuca sativa), invertebrates performance (collembolan Folsomia candida; enchytraeid Enchytraeus crypticus), and microorganism functional diversity (Microresp™) were used to test the effects of CM on the herbicides’ efficiency and on the non-target soil biological groups. CM pyrolyzed at 300 °C were classified as torrefied materials (TM), while those pyrolized at 600 °C were classified as biochars (B). Biochars showed higher specific surface area, fixed carbon content and pH values than TM, while PS-B and PF-B presented a higher abundance of surface oxygenated chemical groups than CH-B and all the TM. A weak sorption of both herbicides to soil was observed suggesting a high mobility, while the degradation and biodegradation of bromacil was more limited compared to that of diuron. The addition of biochars increased the persistence of bromacil, while PS-TM and PF-TM increased the sorption of diuron. Despite that, the predicted mobility and aquatic toxicity of the herbicides were unaffected. The addition of CM did not reduce herbicide efficiency but increased seedling emergence without improving growth. The adding of herbicides had no toxic effects on collembolans and enchytraeids as it promoted their reproduction without affecting survival. A generalized avoidance of CM-mixtures by enchytraeids was observed as opposed to the general preference shown in collembolans, irrespective of the supplementation or not of herbicides. Finally, no changes in the microbial functional diversity by the sole addition of herbicides or CM were demonstrated, and a significant increase in the consumption rate of some substrates was observed only in some diuron-treated CM-mixtures. In summary, the addition of CM did not change the efficiency of the herbicides nor their fate in a tropical clay Ultisol. Under pineapple cropping conditions of the northern region of Costa Rica, bromacil and diuron presented a high estimated environmental risk to surface water and groundwater, and the addition of CM did not change this risk. Simultaneously, no negative effects to the soil ecosystem were observed, but there was an improvement in soil as a habitat for some soil invertebrates.
Smith, Chad Lee. « Auxin herbicide effects on glyphosate efficacy and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) yield ». Thesis, Mississippi State University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10141708.
Texte intégralField, greenhouse and laboratory experiments were implemented to investigate the effects of auxin herbicides on growth and yield of cotton in glyphosate based systems. Field experiments evaluated the effect of rate and timing of dicamba or 2,4-D exposure when applied in glyphosate-resistant cotton. Increasing rates of either dicamba or 2,4-D resulted in increased injury and yield reductions. Initial injury symptomology was similar for cotton exposed at vegetative and reproductive stages. When cotton was exposed to auxin herbicides during vegetative growth, injury increased with time, while foliar injury during reproductive growth was stagnant and often decreased with time. Subsequently, the strongest correlations to yield loss and injury were from later evaluations of vegetative timings. Recovery from injury due to auxin herbicide exposure was dependent upon favorable environmental conditions; however, recovery was often superficial and masked significant yield loss.
Greenhouse studies evaluated the impact of the diglycolamine dicamba salt on the movement of 14C radio-labeled potassium salt glyphosate in barnyardgrass and johnsongrass. Increasing glyphosate rate increased total absorption of glyphosate in both species. Total absorption of glyphosate was not impacted by the presence of dicamba, for either johnsongrass or barnyardgrass. Dicamba did not consistently alter the translocation of glyphosate in johnsongrass; however, dicamba did reduce glyphosate translocation in barnyardgrass. Total amount of translocated glyphosate was 2.6 to 4.6% and 3.8 to 6.8% of applied in barnyardgrass and johnsongrass, respectively. Reduced translocation in barnyardgrass was a result of increased glyphosate accumulation in the distal portion of the treated leaf. Increasing the rate of glyphosate did overcome the dicamba induced antagonism; however, altered translocation of glyphosate has been documented to be a precursor to herbicide resistance.
Sun, Jinxia. « Characterization of Organosilicone Surfactants and Their Effects on Sulfonylurea Herbicide Activity ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30343.
Texte intégralPh. D.
Nichols, K. J. « The influence of bentazone on stomatal movements ». Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233906.
Texte intégralHumphry, Roger William. « Herbicide effects on a plant community and on monocultures of different densities ». Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367638.
Texte intégralEmsalem, Caroline. « Intoxications par le Paraquat et le Diquat, étude pharmacocinétique et index de péroxydation : à propos de deux cas cliniques ». Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P019.
Texte intégralAnderson, Robert David. « Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate, Timing, and Herbicide Use on Industrial Hemp (Cannabis Sativa) ». TopSCHOLAR®, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2100.
Texte intégralNuttens, Andréïna. « Étude des effets de l'interaction entre polluants et ressources sur Myriophyllum spicatum grâce à une approche couplant écotoxicologie et écologie chimique ». Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0143/document.
Texte intégralSimultaneous contamination of aquatic ecosystems by pollutants and nutrients is a major problem whose effects on macrophytes are still unknown. The objective of this thesis was to study the effects of different pollutants, herbicides and trace metal elements (TME), in combination with varying resource availability (nitrogen, phosphorus, or carbon) on Myriophyllum spicatum, using parameters from chemical ecology and ecotoxicology. Tests showed contrasting effects of herbicides, but no effects of the TME. In all cases, resource modifications (nitrate, N:P ratio or sucrose) induced significant effects on the physiology and stoichiometry of the plant, which might alter its response to additional stress like pollutants. These results suggest that an imbalance of resources in the presence of pollutants may lead to unforeseen changes in the combined effects on macrophytes, and also highlight the need to add more informative parameters in tests to meet the challenges of multiple stress and improve environmental risk assessment
Alaib, M. A. « Seedlings' growth in response to drought stress and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) ». Thesis, Durham University, 1989. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6325/.
Texte intégralOppong, Francis Kofi. « Studies on the biological activity of a novel herbicide (Triasulfuron) including studies of mobility and persistence in soil ». Thesis, Bangor University, 1988. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/studies-of-the-biological-activity-of-a-novel-herbicide-triasulfuron-including-studies-of-mobility-and-persistence-in-soils(20ca442c-519c-4e3a-a11e-9e0b162ff25e).html.
Texte intégralStoyer, Tracy Lynne. « Integration of the herbicide 2, 4-D with the rosette weevil Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer) for control of Carduus thistles ». Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76145.
Texte intégralBesler, Brent Alan. « Effects of row spacing on diseases, herbicide persistence, and qualitative characteristics of peanut ». Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2188.
Texte intégralMcCloskey, William B., et Michael Maurer. « Effects of Long-Term Preemergence Herbicide Use on Growth and Yield of Citrus ». College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/220524.
Texte intégralDalvie, Mohamed Aqiel. « The long-term respiratory health effects of the herbicide, paraquat, among Western Cape workers ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25687.
Texte intégralBevilaqua, Natalia da Cunha. « Dinâmica e ação do nicosulfuron em híbridos de milho / ». Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181829.
Texte intégralBanca: Edivaldo Domingues Velini
Banca: Natália Corniani
Resumo: O herbicida nicosulfuron se destaca entre os principais utilizados em pós-emergência na cultura do milho. Dentre as tecnologias disponíveis no mercado, alguns híbridos podem ser considerados tolerantes ao nicosulfuron, e essa sensibilidade diferencial está relacionada com o ambiente, o estádio de desenvolvimento da planta e a dose de herbicida utilizada. A seletividade de herbicidas é geralmente determinada em função da fitointoxicação e do efeito do produto nas características morfológicas e fisiológicas das plantas. De modo que o objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a sensibilidade de híbridos de milho ao herbicida nicosulfuron por meio de marcadores bioquímicos. O primeiro experimento foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação com delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com 4 repetições em esquema fatorial 4 x 2 (híbridos x doses), o herbicida foi aplicado nas doses 0 e 120 g i.a. ha-1 quando as plantas se encontravam no estádio fenológico V3. Foram realizadas avaliações da taxa de transporte de elétrons (ETR), fitointoxicação e altura aos 1, 3, 7 e 14 dias após a aplicação (DAA). Aos 14 DAA as plantas foram coletadas para determinação da massa seca. Dentre os híbridos utilizados selecionou-se o mais sensível e o mais tolerante para a realização de análises de determinação dos teores do ácido aminobutírico, e dos aminoácidos valina, leucina e isoleucina, nesses mesmos períodos de avaliação. O segundo experimento foi disposto em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 5... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Nicosulfuron stands out among the principal post-emergent herbicides used in the maize crop. Among the commercial technologies available, there are some hybrids considered tolerant to this molecule and can present a differential sensitivity, process which is related to the environment, growth stage and herbicide dose. The objective of the study was to determine the sensitivity of corn hybrids to the herbicide nicosulfuron by means of biochemical markers. The first experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions in a completely randomized design with four replications in a factorial scheme 4 x 2 (hybrids x doses). The herbicide was applied at 0 and 120 g a.i. ha-1, when the plants were in the V3 stage. Electron transport rate (ETR), phytointoxication and plant height were evaluated at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after treatment (DAT). Plants were collected at 14 DAT to determine its dry weight. The most sensitive and tolerant hybrids were selected to determinate the content of 2-aminobutyric acid and valine, leucine and isoleucine amino acids, in the same evaluation period. The second experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications in a factorial scheme 8 x 2 (hybrids x doses), the nicosulfuron was applied at 0 and 120 g a.i. ha-1. The experiment was conducted in different periods, for V2 and V6 maize growing stage. One day after the herbicide application, the plants were collected to determine the content of nicosulfuron, 2-aminobutyric and quinic acid, as well as valine, leucine and isoleucine amino acids. During the experiment, the ETR was evaluated at 1, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28 DAT, and the variables plant height and phytointoxication at 7, 14, 21 and 28 DAT. At 7 DAT the chlorophyll content was determined. Plants were collected at 28 DAT to determine the shoot dry weight. In the first experiment, the collection of the plants one day after application was considered the ...
Mestre
Winnick, Blake Edward. « The Effects of Glyphosate Based Herbicides on Chick Embryo Development ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500146/.
Texte intégralPerrin-Ganier, Corinne. « Dispersion et transformation de l'isoproturon dans le sol et l'eau ». Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL074N.
Texte intégralLn order to identify processes that act on herbicide isoproturon transfer in soil and water, several experimental studies were attempted. Ln the field, isoproturon appeared to reach surface soil water early after treatment. Then, the same soil was used to fill lysimeters placed under natural climatic conditions. Rainwater was able to produce large exportations only during the first month after treatment, because isoproturon, not yet fully degraded, was very mobile. Last, experiments under laboratory controlled conditions showed that isoproturon was sorbed only weakly on soil components. On the opposite, some of its degradation products, which rapidly represent the greatest part of residues, were more strongly held to soil
Abell, Kristopher J. « The Effects of Clearcutting and Glyphosate Herbicide Use on Parasitic Wasps in Maine Forests ». Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/AbellKJ2007.pdf.
Texte intégralCalas, André-Guilhem. « Neurotoxicité du principe actif d'un herbicide à large spectre, le glufosinate d'ammonium, chez la souris ». Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE2072.
Texte intégralAckley, John A. « Efficacy and selectivity of the herbicide rimsulfuron in potatoes [Solanum tuberosum], transplanted tomatoes [Lycopersicum esculentum], and transplanted peppers [Capsicum annum] ». Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06302009-040447/.
Texte intégralSellers, Brent Alan. « The physiological basis for diurnal effects on glufosinate activity and impacts on weed management in glufosinate-resistant corn / ». free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3091967.
Texte intégral