Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « EF. Censorship »

The struggle of the oppressed to obtain their rights is never complete. There is always someone who ismarginalized. In his short story “BH” Agus Noor presents a young woman who is ultimately killed by her bra, a garment which had repeatedly groped her breasts previously. At the surface this unrealistic story appears to be a simple critique against the repression of women. However, when placed against the socio-political backdrop in which it was written, namely that of the repressive New Order government under President Suharto, it is readily apparent that the oppression of women is used as a symbol of the general oppression and censorship in New Order Indonesia. In the New Order, as presented by Agus Noor, the aged (and thus empowered) forces used a familial form of “anakisme” to subjugate the general populace and thus ensure that the general populace cannot ef􀃀ciently overturn the power structure. This reading reminds us that women’s struggle for recognition and equality cannot be divorced from the struggles of other oppressed classes, which must 􀃀ght for their rights and often collaborate for a greater effect.

This work aims to present a diagnosis about censorship, intellectual freedom and book selection in the Portuguese public libraries. For this research it was launched a survey to the heads of the referred libraries during 2010.This research made use of a survey and a research literature and was structured in four main parts. The first one precedes the definition of the different roles assumed by public libraries nowadays, once that the emphasis given to certain roles might influence the way as each library deals with intellectual freedom and, therefore with censorship. In a second moment, questions related with management and collection development were analysed, namely those elements that have mainly influenced librarians in the selection of new documents. The third part coincides with the collections as ideological instruments and the question about pluralism regarding them. There was interest in knowing if the librarians are opened to integrate materials to be considerate controversial in their collections or, if by the contrary, those materials are censured by the librarians themselves. Finally, the analysis of a set of questions related with the maintenance of intellectual freedom and several forms of pressure exercised upon the collections and several services delivered by the public libraries. Those pressures are normally exercised by politicians, users and librarians. This research concludes that there are many and different pressures exercised, from either the users or the city council authorities. However, special attention should be paid to the amazing little orthodox conclusion witch stresses the role of librarians as the main censors.

There exist countless topics in Librarianship and Information Science, one of the areas so far no much studied is the “Right to Information”, a very important area for the development of the Society of Information. The thesis tries to do a juridical analysis of constitutional statements regarding to the Right of Information, it establishes concepts about this right, some principles, differences and similarities among the freedoms of expression, opinion and information, it is given the opinion on the controversies between the right of information and the rights of personality (right to privacy, right to the personal image, etc ), that sometimes come in conflict. Finally it explores the Peruvian Constitutionalism and the right of information, it makes a brief review about the “Right to Information” in the Peruvian Constitutions, especially in the Constitution of 1993, which is analyzed in detail. We focus in the article 2 clauses 4) and 5) that contain the constitutional statements about the subject.

Library work in prisons is regarded as social library work, which is viewed differently from country to country. This thesis is concerned with the status of prison libraries in Austria. The two aims of this thesis are firstly, to explore of prison library work in general and secondly, to create an overview on prison library work in Austria. Good-Practice examples are included in both parts of the thesis. The first part of the thesis develops a theoretical framework based on the IFLA recommendations for prison libraries and literature from the USA and Germany. In the first chapter, a short historical survey is given in order to illustrate the development of prison libraries over the years. Legal terms, especially where free information access according to the European Human Rights Convention is concerned, are analysed. As a result of a lack of Austrian literature a questionnaire is developed, the results of which provide recent information on the equipment of the libraries, the education of librarians and the reading behaviour of inmates. Resulting from the questionnaire it can be said that most of the Austrian prison libraries have been a consistent part of inmates’ leisure time for years and still are. Censorship is an issue, but it is restricted to materials that could endanger security in prison. All in all, prison libraries in Austria fulfil the duty of securing not only article 19 of the Human Rights Convention, but give inmates access to learning materials that can have positive influence on their time in and after prison.

Online video streaming is a learning technology used in today’s world and reliant on the availability of bandwidth. This research study sought to understand the perceptions of network managers about bandwidth and online video streams in ABU Zaria. To achieve this, the interpretive paradigm and the Network Gatekeeping theory were used as the theoretical framework and also a case study approach was employed to investigate the phenomena. The study used a purposive sampling technique and a semi-structured interview to seek out opinions from the respondents. A thematic analytical approach was done with the use of Nvivo software, which yielded one hundred and seven codes, ten sub- categories and four major categories. The findings from the study indicated that 1) perceptions of network managers was one sided 2) no acceptable user policy was on ground and available bandwidth was limited 3) limitation of bandwidth, hindered user access to online video and mechanisms for gatekeeping had a role to play in the overall access to online video. Findings interpreted using the network gatekeeping theory suggest that to facilitate access for online video streaming user claims and bandwidth be taken into consideration.

This work is inserted within the discipline of Information Sciences and Documentation, and more specifically in the field of analysis of official statistical information. The object of study is thus a subset of the information generated and disseminated by government, what is known in this field of knowledge as Public Sector Information.

The issue of Biblioclasm is clearly ethical, because involves professional responsibility in the management of information. And, as a philosophical issue requires thinking in any categories of situational analysis. The elimination of texts at different levels could respond to the identity between the subjects and the information that they produce (or possibly require), hiding the desire of destroy both present and future possibilities that the knowledge open them. Through violent acts occurring in a real dimension, by substitution, is projected the symbolic destruction of a rival. Elucidation of the mechanisms operating in the relationship between subjectivity and information, illuminate the denied places of diverse speeches that are in conflict. Thus, it is proposed to analyze the phenomenon of biblioclasm through language as their main socio-analytic mediation, suggesting the addition of other disciplines (eg, anthropology, psychology, sociology) that contribute to the understanding of how some ancestral mechanisms are operate and subconscious, in the silencing of subjects.

This paper seeks to bring the Spanish scope reflections and research that have been developed in other countries, especially in the Anglo-Saxon area in which to professional ethics in Librarianship refers. Arises, therefore, a research mainly historical or even for what might be called comparative library and also descriptive ethics, but also in this research an analysis shall activity library from a social perspective, and the own professional design of this activity. This double perspective, social and professional, is to emphasise the nature of public service that has the profession librarian, and social and professional responsibility therefore acquired by own occupation, responsibility repeatedly mentioned in the literature on professional ethics in library science.