Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « EE. Intellectual freedom »

We review international sources about access and freedom information, as well as content of Latin-American constitutions. There are coincidences among researchers to determinate that the article 19 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a fundamental landmark in this kind of freedom. Since then have emerged a series of legal figures about public information access and freedom: habeas data, informative self-determination, public information access, public domain information, access and universal service and others. Since UDHR and how a new aspect, “intellectual freedom” has been configured as a new aspect which is considered a fundamental principle of Biblioteconomy and Documentation and has as basic elements privacy and confidentiality, egalitarian information access, which are very important in digital environment. We make an historical approximation of two pioneer institutions in the enunciation of intellectual freedom: American Library Association (ALA) and International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA). Including a compared study of five Latin-American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Chile and Peru, it aims to show that there are three fundamental elements for intellectual freedom development (or to intellectual freedom can develop itself). The first element is government who promulgates laws and elaborate plans and policy of government, the second one are guilds and professional collectives which should include these principles in their ethic code or statute and finally, academic teaching must include in their course core intellectual freedom in its legal and ethical aspects.

We review international sources about access and freedom information, as well as content of Latin-American constitutions. There are coincidences among researchers to determinate that the article 19 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a fundamental landmark in this kind of freedom. Since then have emerged a series of legal figures about public information access and freedom: habeas data, informative self-determination, public information access, public domain information, access and universal service and others. Since UDHR and how a new aspect, “intellectual freedom” has been configured as a new aspect which is considered a fundamental principle of Biblioteconomy and Documentation and has as basic elements privacy and confidentiality, egalitarian information access, which are very important in digital environment. We make an historical approximation of two pioneer institutions in the enunciation of intellectual freedom: American Library Association (ALA) and International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA). Including a compared study of five Latin-American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Chile and Peru, it aims to show that there are three fundamental elements for intellectual freedom development (or to intellectual freedom can develop itself). The first element is government who promulgates laws and elaborate plans and policy of government, the second one are guilds and professional collectives which should include these principles in their ethic code or statute and finally, academic teaching must include in their course core intellectual freedom in its legal and ethical aspects.

There exist countless topics in Librarianship and Information Science, one of the areas so far no much studied is the “Right to Information”, a very important area for the development of the Society of Information. The thesis tries to do a juridical analysis of constitutional statements regarding to the Right of Information, it establishes concepts about this right, some principles, differences and similarities among the freedoms of expression, opinion and information, it is given the opinion on the controversies between the right of information and the rights of personality (right to privacy, right to the personal image, etc ), that sometimes come in conflict. Finally it explores the Peruvian Constitutionalism and the right of information, it makes a brief review about the “Right to Information” in the Peruvian Constitutions, especially in the Constitution of 1993, which is analyzed in detail. We focus in the article 2 clauses 4) and 5) that contain the constitutional statements about the subject.

The first part of the work is focused on the history and last trend on library automation and integrated library systems, with specific attention on the italian context. The second part introduce to open source, evaluates some possible use of open source software in library and open source diffusion in Italy. The third part analyze Koha, an open source ILS, and its possible application at the University of Ca' Foscari Library System.

Given that Wikipedia entries are likely to extert a strong influence on how literary texts are perceived - due to their preferential ranking in Google - there is some demand that research dealing with the transfer of knowledge on literature to the public be more concerned with looking into both the content that is available for free on the Web and any aspect that may come with writing about literature for free. This contribution argues from within Wikipedia's multidisciplinary consensus-driven space in which propositional knowledge is given priority that it would be essential for entries on fiction to present non-propositional knowledge as being one of its hallmarks. For this aim, a special concept is developed that is designed to function as the study's formal object: "Erlesnis" (which in German is a pun that combines "Erlebnis" - adventure experience - and "lesen" - reading). It is defined as non-propositional knowledge that has been acquired in an individual reading process. Writing about one's own Erlesnis in new ways is being tried out in four essays, and on de.wikipedia.org an experiment is conducted to find out what community members think about the idea of including, in entries on fiction, sections specifically designed to report about what people felt like when reading a certain text. Finally, a draft typology of Erlesnis-writing is suggested. This contribution is the first of its kind internationally to deal with Wikipedia from the point of view of transfer of knowledge on literature to the public. For the theory of this field of research some new aspects are offered for debate.

The issue of Biblioclasm is clearly ethical, because involves professional responsibility in the management of information. And, as a philosophical issue requires thinking in any categories of situational analysis. The elimination of texts at different levels could respond to the identity between the subjects and the information that they produce (or possibly require), hiding the desire of destroy both present and future possibilities that the knowledge open them. Through violent acts occurring in a real dimension, by substitution, is projected the symbolic destruction of a rival. Elucidation of the mechanisms operating in the relationship between subjectivity and information, illuminate the denied places of diverse speeches that are in conflict. Thus, it is proposed to analyze the phenomenon of biblioclasm through language as their main socio-analytic mediation, suggesting the addition of other disciplines (eg, anthropology, psychology, sociology) that contribute to the understanding of how some ancestral mechanisms are operate and subconscious, in the silencing of subjects.

This paper seeks to bring the Spanish scope reflections and research that have been developed in other countries, especially in the Anglo-Saxon area in which to professional ethics in Librarianship refers. Arises, therefore, a research mainly historical or even for what might be called comparative library and also descriptive ethics, but also in this research an analysis shall activity library from a social perspective, and the own professional design of this activity. This double perspective, social and professional, is to emphasise the nature of public service that has the profession librarian, and social and professional responsibility therefore acquired by own occupation, responsibility repeatedly mentioned in the literature on professional ethics in library science.