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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Educational attainment – Italy »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Educational attainment – Italy"

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Checchi, Daniele, Carlo V. Fiorio et Marco Leonardi. « Intergenerational persistence of educational attainment in Italy ». Economics Letters 118, no 1 (janvier 2013) : 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2012.10.033.

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Bernardi, Fabrizio, et Moris Triventi. « Compensatory advantage in educational transitions ». Acta Sociologica 63, no 1 (3 juillet 2018) : 40–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001699318780950.

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In this article, first, we present new evidence on a specific type of compensatory advantage (CA) mechanism in educational transitions and attainment, whereby students from socio-economically advantaged families compensate the negative event of achieving poor grades by ignoring them and disproportionally moving on to the next level of education. Using two independent data sources, we focus on the attainment of an upper secondary degree and the transition from high school to university in Italy, investigating the role of parental education and social class in compensating for an early poor academic performance. Second, we develop a simulated scenario analysis to assess how much of the observed social background inequality is due to the educational outcomes of poorly performing students from high social backgrounds. The results are consistent with the notion that a CA mechanism is in place and show that the advantage of individuals with higher backgrounds over those from lower backgrounds is much larger among students with bad marks in earlier school stages. We estimate that at least one-third of the observed social background inequality in educational transitions in Italy can be attributed to the CA mechanism. This result is consistent across different outcomes, samples and birth cohorts, and is robust to a number of sensitivity checks.
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Triventi, Moris, Nazareno Panichella, Gabriele Ballarino, Carlo Barone et Fabrizio Bernardi. « Education as a positional good : Implications for social inequalities in educational attainment in Italy ». Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 43 (mars 2016) : 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2015.04.002.

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De Benedetto, Marco Alberto, Elena D’Agostino et Giuseppe Sobbrio. « Quality of politicians and electoral system. Evidence from a quasi-experimental design for Italian cities ». German Economic Review 22, no 3 (20 janvier 2021) : 323–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ger-2020-0021.

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Abstract We study the effect of the electoral system (single-ballot vs runoff) on the quality of politicians, measured by the average educational attainment, at the local level in Italy over the period 1994–2017. By exploiting the discontinuous voting rule shift nearby the 15,000 population cut-off, we have implemented a RDD and found that the change in the electoral scheme leads to an overall downward variation in the educational attainment of local politicians by about 2 % compared to years of schooling of politicians in municipalities just below the cut-off. Findings are similar when we separately focus on the educational attainment of mayors and councilors, and when we use alternative measures of quality of politicians related both to the previous occupation and to previous political experience. However, different confounding policies related to the voting scheme change at the cut-off. We show that the negative effect is not directly related to the way politicians are elected (runoff vs single-ballot scheme) but to the number of lists supporting the mayoral candidates: in municipalities below 15,000 inhabitants candidates running for mayor are supported only by one single list, whereas above the cut-off mayoral candidates might be supported by more lists. Overall, we speculate that the negative impact produced by the treatment on the educational attainment of local politicians is explained by the different selection process of candidates adopted by political parties, rather than by voters’ preferences toward low-skilled politicians.
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Cohen, Joachim, Dirk Houttekier, Bregje Onwuteaka-Philipsen, Guido Miccinesi, Julia Addington-Hall, Stein Kaasa, Johan Bilsen et Luc Deliens. « Which Patients With Cancer Die at Home ? A Study of Six European Countries Using Death Certificate Data ». Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no 13 (1 mai 2010) : 2267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.23.2850.

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Purpose This study examines the proportion of cancer deaths occurring at home in six European countries in relation to illness and to demographic and health care factors. Methods Death certificate data of all cancer-related deaths in 2002 in Italy and 2003 in Belgium, the Netherlands, Norway, England, and Wales (N = 238,216) were linked with regional health care and area statistics. Multivariate binomial logistic regressions were performed to examine factors associated with dying at home. Results The percentage of all cancer deaths occurring at home was 12.8 in Norway, 22.1 in England, 22.7 in Wales, 27.9 in Belgium, 35.8 in Italy, and 45.4 in the Netherlands. Having solid cancers and being married increased the chances of dying at home in all countries. Being older and being a woman decreased the chances of dying at home, except in Italy where the opposite was the case. A higher educational attainment was associated with better chances of dying at home in Belgium, Italy, and Norway (countries where information on educational attainment was available). Better chances of dying at home were also associated with living in less urbanized areas in all countries but England. The number of hospital and care home beds seemed not to be universally strong predictors of dying at home. Conclusion There are large country differences in the proportion of patients with cancer dying at home, and these seem influenced by country-specific cultural, social, and health care factors. Alongside cross-national differences, country-specific aspects need to be considered in the development of policy strategies facilitating home death.
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Baldissera, Alberto, et Federica Cornali. « Geography of human capital in Italy : a comparison between macro-regions ». Modern Italy 25, no 3 (22 mai 2020) : 261–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mit.2020.25.

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Interest in the spread of human capital has grown in recent decades, as it is acknowledged to play an increasingly important role in supporting social and economic development. This paper, starting from the distinction between education – assessed by educational attainment – and literacy proficiency – that is, what people are actually able to do with the written word – examines the distribution of these properties in Italy. Results of analysis show that while the longstanding gap between the North and the South is gradually closing with regard to the distribution of educational credentials, there is still a significant difference in the acquired level of competence. There is also an unexpected result: the regions of the North-West, once the main driver of Italy's economic development, today deploy a smaller stock of human capital than the North-East and Central macro-regions. In light of these findings, improving the education system's effectiveness and creating adequate political, institutional and legal arrangements that favour the development of human capital appear to be an absolute priority for Italy.
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Nocini, Riccardo, Giorgia Capocasale, Daniele Marchioni et Francesca Zotti. « A Snapshot of Knowledge about Oral Cancer in Italy : A 505 Person Survey ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no 13 (7 juillet 2020) : 4889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134889.

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Objectives: Patients’ knowledge about oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) plays an important role in primary prevention, early diagnosis, and prognosis and survival rate. The aim of this study was to assess OSCC awareness attitudes among general population in order to provide information for educational interventions. Methods: A survey delivered as a web-based questionnaire was submitted to 505 subjects (aged from 18 to 76 years) in Italy, and the answers collected were statistically analyzed. Information was collected about existence, incidence, features of lesions, risk factors of oral cancer, and self-inspection habits, together with details about professional reference figures and preventive behaviors. Results: Chi-square tests of independence with adjusted standardized residuals highlighted correlations between population features (age, gender, educational attainment, provenance, medical relationship, or previous diagnoses of oral cancer in family) and knowledge about oral cancer. Conclusions: Knowledge about OSCC among the Italian population is limited, and it might be advisable to implement nudging and sensitive customized campaigns in order to promote awareness and therefore improve the prognosis of this disease.
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Piffer, Davide, et Richard Lynn. « In Italy, North-South Differences in Student Performance Are Mirrored by Differences in Polygenic Scores for Educational Attainment ». Mankind Quarterly 62, no 4 (2022) : 602–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46469/mq.2022.62.4.2.

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Ha, Sha. « Continuing Education in Italy : A Case Study ». International Journal of Higher Education 7, no 5 (17 septembre 2018) : 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v7n5p29.

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According to the ‘International Standard Classification of Education’ (ISCED), ‘Continuing Education’ is composed of the ‘Continuing Primary and Lower Secondary Adult Education’ (ISCED1, ISCED2), followed by the ‘Adult Education and Training’ System (ISCED3), including an ‘Upper Secondary Education System’ (ISCED4 and finally, the ‘Tertiary Education’ (ISCED5, ISCED6 and above). In 2016 the percent of ‘early leavers’ from education and training amounted in Italy to 13.8%, while the EU average amounted to 10.7%. In the same period the attendance to ISCED1-ISCED3 Adult Education Courses (age 25-64) amounted to 8.3%, while the EU average amounted to 10.8%. As for ‘Tertiary Education’, the percent attainment of a university degree amounted to 29.5% among Italians and to 13.4% among foreigners residing in Italy, while the EU averages amounted to 39.9% and 35.4% respectively. According to the Author, the relatively higher percent of early leavers from education and training in Italy and the relatively low attendance to ‘Continuing Education’ programs is due to the low employment rate in the Country, particularly significant in the age range 20-34, as a consequence of the severe economic crisis which hit the country in 2008 and still persists, causing the closure of many private enterprises and the block of the turn-over at public educational institutions. In spite of all that, the quality of the Italian Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Education System is of an excellent level, as compared with that of similar institutions all over the world. In Author’s opinion, increasing the investment in the educational system would increase the attendance to Secondary and Tertiary Adult Education courses, with a positive feedback on productivity.
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Bonaccio, Marialaura, Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Simona Costanzo, Amalia De Curtis, Mariarosaria Persichillo, Chiara Cerletti, Maria Benedetta Donati, Giovanni de Gaetano et Licia Iacoviello. « Socioeconomic trajectories across the life course and risk of total and cause-specific mortality : prospective findings from the Moli-sani Study ». Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 73, no 6 (21 mars 2019) : 516–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-211582.

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BackgroundA life course approach has been suggested as the most appropriate to establish the total impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on adult health outcomes; however, such an approach has been poorly used within Mediterranean populations. We aimed to examine the SES trajectories from childhood to adulthood associated with mortality risk in a large general population-based cohort and to test potential pathways (eg, inflammation) underlying such associations.MethodsLongitudinal analyses on 22 194 subjects recruited in the Moli-sani Study, Italy (2005–2010). Low and high SES in childhood, educational attainment (low/high) and SES during adulthood (measured by a score including material resources and dichotomised as low/high) were used to define overall trajectories.ResultsOver 8.3 years of follow-up, 1155 deaths occurred. In the group with poor childhood SES, an upward trajectory in both educational and material circumstances was associated with lower risk of all-cause death (HR=0.64; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.87), as opposed to subjects who remained stably low (low education and adulthood SES). Subjects with high childhood SES, but not educational achievement, were at increased risk of total and cardiovascular disease (CVD) death, although reporting higher material SES in adult life, as compared with the stably high SES group (HR=1.44; 1.02 to 2.02 and HR=1.90; 1.10 to 3.28, respectively). Inflammatory markers marginally accounted for such associations.ConclusionFor individuals with low SES in early life, an educational and material upward trajectory over the life course was associated with lower mortality risk. In the high SES childhood group, lack of a higher educational attainment appeared to be unfavourably associated with survival.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Educational attainment – Italy"

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IANNELLI, Cristina. « Individual educational decisions : a study of the low levels of educational attainment in Italy ». Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5156.

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Defence date: 13 April 2000
Examining Board: Prof. Richard Breen, EUI (co-supervisor); Prof. Walter Müller, Universitaet Mannheim; Prof. David Raffe, University of Edinburgh; Prof. Yossi Shavit, University of Tel Aviv (supervisor)
First made available online on 9 March 2018
Italy is one of the OECD countries with the lowest levels of educational attainment. This dissertation examines the reasons for this situation through the analysis of the main factors affecting individual educational decisions. Two main approaches are considered: the Structuralist and the Rational Choice Theory. The first emphasises the fundamental role played by external factors, that is family background, the educational system and the labour market, in determining individual educational allocation; the second explains the distribution of educational credentials as the result of individuals* rational evaluation process of the costs and benefits associated to different educational choices. Based on this theoretical framework four main hypotheses are formulated and tested. The first two refer to the constraining effect of individuals’ family background, of tracking in education and of different regional economic development; the other two refer to the occupational benefits an individual gains from reaching different educational qualifications and to subjective expectations of educational success. Linear regression and logit models are the main tools used to analyse the data from the 1985 Italian Mobility Survey. The results indicate that individuals* social class of origin, the tracking system and labour market prospects are very important factors in explaining the low levels of educational attainment in Italy. Gender and regional differences do not emerge as having a significant role in the story. The conclusions highlight that two main elements seem to differentiate Italy from the other countries: the selective effect of tracking which reduces the attainment rates at both upper secondary and tertiary level; and the occupational returns to education which do not give a clear signal about the benefits of investing in education.
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Livres sur le sujet "Educational attainment – Italy"

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Belzil, Christian. Can risk aversion explain schooling attainments ? evidence from Italy. Bonn, Germany : IZA, 2006.

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Blossfeld, Hans-Peter. Education, modernization and divorce : Differences in the effect of women's educational attainment in Sweden, the Federal Republic of Germany and Italy. Badia Fiesolana, Firenze : European University Institute, 1992.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Educational attainment – Italy"

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Fabbris, Luigi, et Paolo Feltrin. « Mapping and factoring the 2007 ATECO categories in regard to specialised human capital ». Dans Proceedings e report, 93–98. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-461-8.18.

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The paper describes an exercise of classification of a subset of five-digit categories of the 2007 ATECO classification system of economic activities. The analysis is grounded on the hypothesis that economic sectors can be clustered according to the competency level required to human resources recently working in industries or services in Italy. The analysis may be useful to evaluate a possible relationship between economic development and education. The analysis consisted of a mapping and then a clustering of the Ateco categories according to the between-distribution dissimilarity of any possible couple of categories. The basic idea was to highlight the Ateco categories that require either more education than others or more education and working experience (human capital) than others, pinpointing, in particular, the categories that require larger percentages of tertiary education and those residing close to territorial hubs. The competency level was measured with a combination of educational attainment and in-service experience of Italian employees, as defined by Istat, the Italian statistical institute. The employees’ educational level was evaluated with the frequency distribution of five (ordinal) classes of education of people employed in 2018 and 2019 in both private and public establishments and offices; the working experience with a logarithmic transform of the average number of in-service years of employees. The analysis highlighted both a sort of input-related classification of the economy and a supply-side classification of the labour market. The results are in line with the theory of the existence of a cluster of creative companies residing close to territorial hubs.
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Sarra, Annalina, Adelia Evangelista et Tonio Di Battista. « Assessment of visitors’ perceptions in protected areas through a model-based clustering ». Dans Proceedings e report, 245–50. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-461-8.46.

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Protected areas are well-defined geographical spaces that, in view of their recognized, natural, ecological or cultural values, receive protection. They have the twofold mandate of protection of natural resources and providing a space for nature-based tourism activities. In the last years, the nature-based tourism is experiencing positive and sustainable growth worldwide. Understanding the value attached by visitors to their destination and know their assessment on various activities in which they are engaged during their stay is a key element in shaping tourist’s satisfaction. Objective of this research was to identify the profiles of visitors to tourist destinations within Natural Park of Majella (Abruzzo region, Italy) and to assess the link with their satisfaction. The data for this study were collected by means of a structured questionnaire administrated to tourists who visited the sites of the protected area during the last three summer months. A total of 150 valid questionnaires were obtained and form the base of the data analysis. Through a Bayesian model-based clustering, better known as Bayesian Profile Regression, we partition visitors into clusters, characterized by similar profiles in terms of their demographic characteristics (age, gender, education attainment), as well as, in terms of the features of their travel behaviour (accommodation, length of stay, past visitation experience). A further benefit of the followed approach lies in the ability of that Bayesian technique of simultaneously estimating the contribute of all covariates to the outcome of interest. In our context, we explore the association of detected groups with the tourists’ satisfaction. In the survey, the global quality of tourism service is segmented into single features and respondents were asked to give their level of appreciation on a five-point Likert satisfaction scale. To estimate the latent trait measured by the items and related to the overall satisfaction we followed an IRT modelling.
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Sarti, Roland. « Giuseppe Mazzini and Young Europe ». Dans Giuseppe Mazzini and the Globalization of Democratic Nationalism, 1830-1920. British Academy, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197264317.003.0014.

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This chapter focuses on Young Europe, which has attracted far less attention than Young Italy, Mazzini's other and better-known association from the early days of his political exile. With the founding of Young Europe in 1834, Mazzini defined the distinctive political and social creed associated with his name. Based on his personal view of the role of religion in private and public life, he called on individuals to regard the fulfilment of civic duties as a social obligation, commit themselves to a world of free and equal nationalities, and work for the attainment of social justice across national and class lines. Young Europe was meant to promote this project through education, propaganda, and revolution.
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Matsaganis, Manos. « Living Standards in Southern Europe over the Long Run ». Dans Europe's Income, Wealth, Consumption, and Inequality, 151–76. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197545706.003.0004.

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This chapter reviews how material conditions improved in Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Greece over many decades from the postwar period to the onset of the Eurozone crisis and the Great Recession; how Southern Europe lost ground in the 2010s; and how changes in living standards affected different population groups. The chapter unfolds in 15 short sections. Section 4.1 sets the scene by briefly discussing similarities and differences between the four countries. Section 4.2 recounts how life in Southern Europe was transformed since the mid-20th century in terms of material well-being. Sections 4.3–4.14 look at changes in gross domestic product, consumption, investment, labour productivity, employment, education attainment, population health, social spending, income inequality, poverty and social exclusion, the distribution of wealth, and life satisfaction. Section 4.15 concludes.
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