Articles de revues : « Edge energy »

1

Rez, P., et N. K. Menon. « Inner Shell Edge Jump Ratios in Electron Energy Loss Spectrometry ». Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (août 2001) : 1170–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600031925.

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There has been considerable interest in recent years in simulating the complete electron energy loss (EELS) spectrum to help the analyst make suitable judgments on experimental parameters such as collection angles and acquisition times. The spectrum is characterised by edges that arise from the excitation of inner shell electrons to the first available empty state. The edge threshold is approximately given by the inner shell binding energy. Each edge sits on the background of the tails of all the edges from inner shell excitations of lower energy (see Figl). The background from plasmons decays very quickly with energy and even the broadest plasmon makes a negligible contribution to the intensity for losses above about 150eV. The visibility of an edge (and also the detectability of the corresponding element) can be related to the intensity of the edge compared to the background although it is more common to use the jump ratio, which is the ratio of the intensity in the region after the edge E+B to the intensity of the background in the edge region, B.

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Rajendra, R., et P. Siva Kota Reddy. « On Tosha-degree of an Edge in a Graph ». European Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics 13, n^o 5 (27 décembre 2020) : 1097–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.29020/nybg.ejpam.v13i5.3710.

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In an earlier paper, we have introduced the Tosha-degree of an edge in a graph without multiple edges and studied some properties. In this paper, we extend the definition of Tosha-degree of an edge in a graph in which multiple edges are allowed. Also, we introduce the concepts - zero edges in a graph, $T$-line graph of a multigraph, Tosha-adjacency matrix, Tosha-energy, edge-adjacency matrix and edge energy of a graph $G$ and obtain some results.

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Batson, P. E. « Energy loss extreme — near-edge and pre-edge structure ». Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 46 (1988) : 498–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100104558.

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During the past several years we have begun to understand many features of the core loss excitations including absolute crosssections, extended fine structure, (EXELFS) and near edge fine structure. (ELNES) In electronic materials near interfaces or defects, we expect the valence and conduction bands to be modified by the existence of isolated resonances, broadening of the band edges, or a completely filled gap region. These electronic changes have been observed with high resolution EELS in the low energy loss region (0-3eV) where direct inter-band transitions are likely. The present work is aimed at determining if pre-edge structure near the core loss scattering may reflect local changes in the electronic structure as well. There are two major experimental difficulties: 1) the necessary energy resolution is of order 0.1-0.3eV in order to define the shape of the core edge; and 2) the energy differential scattering cross section is small (of order 10-23cm2eV-1). At IBM I have addressed these problems by constructing a high resolution energy loss spectrometer system with parallel recording to allow signal collection in reasonable times.

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Matsubara, E., K. Okuda, Y. Waseda, S. N. Okuno et K. Inomata. « Structural Study of Amorphous Co-Ferrite Film by Anomalous X-Ray Scattering ». Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 45, n^o 9-10 (1 octobre 1990) : 1144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1990-9-1011.

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Abstract The structure of amorphous Co-ferrite film grown on a glass substrate was studied by anomalous X-ray scattering (AXS). Co atoms cannot be distinguished from Fe atoms with the usual X-ray diffraction technique. Therefore the AXS method at the Fe and Co K-absorption edges was adopted. In the previous AXS studies only the lower energy side of the absorption edges was adopted. In the previous AXS studies only the lower energy side of the absorption edge was used. In the present case, the lower energy side of the Co K-absorption edge corresponds to the higher energy side of the Fe K-absorption edge. Therefore, in order to overcome this inconvenience, the scattering was measured on both sides of the absorption edge, thus enabling the independent determination of the oxygen coordination numbers around Co and Fe in the ferrite film from the environmental RDFs estimated from the energy differential profiles by coupling with the linear least squares technique.

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Nageswari, P., et P. B. Sarasija. « Edge energy bounds of graphs ». Applied Mathematical Sciences 8 (2014) : 2101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/ams.2014.42100.

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CHAPMAN, C. J. « Energy paths in edge waves ». Journal of Fluid Mechanics 426 (10 janvier 2001) : 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112000002184.

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In this paper the energy streamlines, energy paths, and energy streak lines in a steady or unsteady inhomogeneous acoustic field next to an unstable oscillating boundary, such as a vortex sheet or shear layer, are determined. The theory in the paper applies also to an evanescent wave produced by total internal reflection, and to any other type of edge wave, e.g. a coastally or topographically trapped wave in geophysical fluid dynamics. The idea of the paper is that energy velocity, i.e. energy flux divided by energy density, is defined at every point in space and time, not merely when averaged over a cycle. Integration of the ordinary differential equation for energy velocity as a function of position and time gives the energy paths. These paths are calculated explicitly, and are found to have starting and finishing directions very different from those of cycle-averaged paths. The paper discusses the physical significance of averaged and non-averaged energy paths, especially in relation to causality. Many energy paths have cusps, at which the energy velocity is instantaneously zero. The domain of influence of an arbitrary point on the boundary of a steady acoustic edge wave is shown to lie within 45° of a certain direction, in agreement with a known result on shear-layer instability in compressible flow. The results are consistent with flow visualization photographs of near-field jet noise. The method of the paper determines domains of influence and causality in any wave problem with an explicit solution, for example as represented by a Fourier integral.

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Jeon, Joohyung, Soohyun Park, Minseok Choi, Joongheon Kim, Young-Bin Kwon et Sungrae Cho. « Optimal User Selection for High-Performance and Stabilized Energy-Efficient Federated Learning Platforms ». Electronics 9, n^o 9 (21 août 2020) : 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091359.

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Federated learning-enabled edge devices train global models by sharing them while avoiding local data sharing. In federated learning, the sharing of models through communication between several clients and central servers results in various problems such as a high latency and network congestion. Moreover, battery consumption problems caused by local training procedures may impact power-hungry clients. To tackle these issues, federated edge learning (FEEL) applies the network edge technologies of mobile edge computing. In this paper, we propose a novel control algorithm for high-performance and stabilized queue in FEEL system. We consider that the FEEL environment includes the clients transmit data to associated federated edges; these edges then locally update the global model, which is downloaded from the central server via a backhaul. Obtaining greater quantities of local data from the clients facilitates more accurate global model construction; however, this may be harmful in terms of queue stability in the edge, owing to substantial data arrivals from the clients. Therefore, the proposed algorithm varies the number of clients selected for transmission, with the aim of maximizing the time-averaged federated learning accuracy subject to queue stability. Based on this number of clients, the federated edge selects the clients to transmit on the basis of resource status.

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Petri, Ioan, Omer Rana, Yacine Rezgui et Fodil Fadli. « Edge HVAC Analytics ». Energies 14, n^o 17 (2 septembre 2021) : 5464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175464.

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Integrating data analytics, optimisation and dynamic control to support energy services has seen significant interest in recent years. Larger appliances used in an industry context are now provided with Internet of Things (IoT)-based interfaces that can be remotely monitored, with some also provided with actuation interfaces. The combined use of IoT and edge computing enables connectivity between energy systems and infrastructure, providing the means to implement both energy efficiency/optimisation and cost reduction strategies. We investigate the economic implications of harnessing IoT and edge/cloud technologies to support energy management for HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) systems in buildings. In particular, we evaluate the cost savings for building operations through energy optimisation. We use a real use case for energy optimisation as identified in the EU “Sporte2” project (focusing on the energy optimisation of sports facilities) and explore several scenarios in relation to costs and energy optimisation.

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Li, Hui, Yongjun Chen, Yang Yang, Shixin Wang, Ling Bai et Ling Zhou. « CFD Simulation of Centrifugal Pump with Different Impeller Blade Trailing Edges ». Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, n^o 2 (11 février 2023) : 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020402.

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The centrifugal pump is one of the most widely used types of power machinery in the field of ship and ocean engineering, and the shape of the impeller blade trailing edge has an important influence on their performance. To reveal the mechanism of the effect of different trailing edges on external performance, the internal flow of 16 types of impeller blade trailing edges of a centrifugal pump, consisting of Bezier trailing edges, rounding on the pressure side, cutting on the suction side, and the original trailing edge is studied by numerical simulation. The reverse flow, shaft power, and energy loss distribution in the impeller and diffuser along the streamwise direction are analyzed by calculating them on each micro control body sliced from the fluid domain. The entropy production theory and Ω-vortex identification method are used to display the magnitude and location of energy loss and the vortex structure. Finally, a static structural analysis of the impeller with different trailing edges is performed. The results show that different impeller trailing edges can clearly affect the efficiency of the pump, i.e., the thinner the trailing edge, the higher the efficiency, with the thickest model reducing efficiency by 5.71% and the thinnest model increasing efficiency by 0.59% compared to the original one. Changing the shape of the impeller trailing edge has a great influence on the reverse flow, shaft power, and energy loss near the impeller trailing edge and diffuser inlet but has little influence on the leading part of the impeller. The distribution of local entropy production rate, energy loss, and reverse flow along the streamwise direction shows similar rules, with a local maximum near the leading edge of the impeller due to the impact effect, and a global maximum near the impeller trailing edge resulting from strong flow separation and high vortex strength due to the jet-wake flow. Thinning the impeller trailing edge and smoothing its connection with the blade can reduce the vortex strength and entropy production near the impeller trailing edge and diffuser inlet, improve the flow pattern, and reduce energy loss, thus improving the pump efficiency. In all models, the maximum equivalent stress is less than 6.5 MPa and the maximum total deformation is less than 0.065mm. The results are helpful for a deeper understanding of the complex flow mechanism of the centrifugal pump with different blade trailing edges.

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Santitissadeekorn, N., et E. M. Bollt. « Image Edge Respecting Denoising with Edge Denoising by a Designer Nonisotropic Structure Tensor Method ». Computational Methods in Applied Mathematics 9, n^o 3 (2009) : 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cmam-2009-0019.

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AbstractWe consider image denoising as the problem of removing spurious oscillations due to noise while preserving edges in the images. We will suggest here how to directly make infinitesimal adjustment to standard variational methods of image denoising, to enhance desirable target assumption of the noiseless image. The standard regularization method is used to define a suitable energy functional to penalize the data fidelity and the smoothness of the solution. This energy functional is tailored so that the region with small gradient is isotropically smoothed whereas in a neighborhood of an edge presented by a large gradient smoothing is allowed only along the edge contour. The regularized solution that arises in this fashion is then the solution of a variational principle. To this end the associated Euler — Lagrange equation needs to be solved numerically and the half-quadratic minimization is generally used to linearize the equation and to derive an iterative scheme. We describe here a method to modify Euler — Largrange equation from commonly used energy functionals, in a way to enhance certain desirable preconceived assumptions of the image, such as edge preservation. From an algorithmic point of view, we may deem this algorithm as a smoothing by a local average with an adaptive gradient-based weight. However, this algorithm may result in noisy edges although the edge is preserved and noise is suppressed in the low-gradient regions of the image. The main focus here is to present an edge-preserving regularization in the aforementioned view point, and to provide an alternative and simple way to modify the existing algorithm to mitigate the phenomena of noisy edges without explicitly defining step where we specify an energy functional to be minimized.

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Bach, D., H. Störmer, R. Schneider, D. Gerthsen et J. Verbeeck. « EELS Investigations of Different Niobium Oxide Phases ». Microscopy and Microanalysis 12, n^o 5 (19 septembre 2006) : 416–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927606060521.

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Electron energy loss spectra in conjunction with near-edge fine structures of purely stoichiometric niobium monoxide (NbO) and niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) reference materials were recorded. The structures of the niobium oxide reference materials were checked by selected area electron diffraction to ensure a proper assignment of the fine structures. NbO and Nb2O5 show clearly different energy loss near-edge fine structures of the Nb-M4,5 and -M2,3 edges and of the O-K edge, reflecting the specific local environments of the ionized atoms. To distinguish the two oxides in a quantitative manner, the intensities under the Nb-M4,5 as well as Nb-M2,3 edges and the O-K edge were measured and their ratios calculated. k-factors were also derived from these measurements.

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Changyuan Xu, Changyuan Xu, Cheng Zhan Changyuan Xu, Jingrui Liao Cheng Zhan et Bin Zeng Jingrui Liao. « UAV-Enabled Mobile Edge Computing with Binary Computation Offloading and Energy Constraints ». 網際網路技術學刊 23, n^o 5 (septembre 2022) : 947–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/160792642022092305003.

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<p>Mobile edge computing (MEC) has been considered to provide computation services near the edge of mobile networks, while the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is becoming an important integrated component to extend service coverage. In this paper, we consider a UAV-enabled MEC with binary computation offloading and energy constraints, where an energy-limited UAV is employed as an aerial edge server and each task of devices is either executing locally or offloading to the aerial edge server as a whole. To provide fairness among different ground devices, we aim to maximize the minimum computation throughput among all devices via the joint design of computing mode selection and UAV trajectory as well as resource allocation. The optimization problem is formulated as a mixed-integer non-linear problem consisting of binary variables, which is difficult to tackle. By employing deductive penalty function to penalize the effect of non-binary solution, we develop an efficient iterative algorithm to obtain a suboptimal solution via leveraging the penalty successive convex approximation (P-SCA) method and difference of two convex (D.C.) optimization framework, where the algorithm is guaranteed to converge. Extensive simulations are conducted and the results with different system parameters show that the proposed joint design algorithm can improve the computation throughput by about 40% compared to other benchmark schemes.</p> <p> </p>

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Bruley, J., et H. Müllejans. « Real-space difference spectroscopy at interfaces ». Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (1 août 1993) : 596–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100148812.

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Parallel acquisition of spatially resolved electron energy-loss spectra (SREELS) enables the characterization of interfaces on a nanometer scale using the fairly weak but chemically specific coreabsorption edges. A major hurdle for the routine qualitative and quantitative analysis is the very low signal-to-background ratio (and consequently low signal-to-noise ratio, SNR) of the absorption edge of a dilute element. In situations where the background is only slowly varying with energy, the weak edge may be exposed from the intense background either by empirically fitting a power-law curve prior to the edge and extrapolating, or by acquiring the spectrum in the 1st or 2nd energy difference modes (In the limit of small energy shifts such difference spectra are equivalent to derivatives with respect to energy loss). However, these techniques are unsuitable when: the background is strongly energy dependant, such as when the weak edge overlaps severely with the ELNES or EXELFS of a preceding edge; the region of interest is radiation sensitive; or there is specimen drift.

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Kelley, M. Jeannette. « Two models for edge energy and their effects on edge and surface energy-minimizing shapes ». Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia 33, n^o 9 (novembre 1995) : 1493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-716x(95)00419-v.

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Dobrescu, Oana-Ancuta, et M. Apostol. « Tight-binding approximation for bulk and edge electronic states in graphene ». Canadian Journal of Physics 93, n^o 5 (mai 2015) : 580–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2014-0313.

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The tight-binding approximation is employed here to investigate electronic bulk and edge (“surface”) states in semi-infinite graphene sheets and graphene monolayer ribbons with various edge terminations (zigzag, horseshoe, and armchair edges). It is shown that edge states do not exist for a uniform hopping (transfer) matrix. The problem is generalized to include edge elements of the hopping matrix distinct from the infinite-sheet (“bulk”) ones. In this case, semi-infinite graphene sheets with zigzag or horseshoe edges exhibit edge states, while semi-infinite graphene sheets with armchair edges do not. The energy of the edge states lies above the (zero) Fermi level. Similarly, symmetric graphene ribbons with zigzag or horseshoe edges exhibit edge states, while ribbons with asymmetric edges (zigzag and horseshoe) do not. It is also shown how to construct the “reflected” solutions (bulk states) for the intervening equations with finite differences both for semi-infinite sheets and ribbons.

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Blanchard, Peter E. R., Emily Reynolds, Brendan J. Kennedy, Chris D. Ling, Zhaoming Zhang, Gordon Thorogood, Bruce C. C. Cowie et Lars Thomsen. « An unconventional method for measuring the TcL3-edge of technetium compounds ». Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 21, n^o 6 (1 octobre 2014) : 1275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577514014891.

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TcL3-edge XANES spectra have been collected on powder samples of SrTcO3(octahedral Tc4+) and NH4TcO4(tetrahedral Tc7+) immobilized in an epoxy resin. Features in the TcL3-edge XANES spectra are compared with the pre-edge feature of the TcK-edge as well as other 4dtransition metalL3-edges. Evidence of crystal field splitting is obvious in the TcL3-edge, which is sensitive to the coordination number and oxidation state of the Tc cation. The TcL3absorption edge energy difference between SrTcO3(Tc4+) and NH4TcO4(Tc7+) shows that the energy shift at the TcL3-edge is an effective tool for studying changes in the oxidation states of technetium compounds. The TcL3-edge spectra are compared with those obtained from Mo and Ru oxide standards with various oxidation states and coordination environments. Most importantly, fitting the TcL3-edge to component peaks can provide direct evidence of crystal field splitting that cannot be obtained from the TcK-edge.

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Evans, N. D., et J. Bentley. « Log-polynomial background subtraction in energy-filtered TEM ». Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (11 août 1996) : 544–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100165185.

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An inverse power relation is widely used to model the background under inner shell ionization edges in both electron energy-loss spectrometry (EELS) and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM). Proper background subtraction is necessary to obtain correct core-loss integrated intensities in EELS or elemental maps in EFTEM. However, the empirical inverse power relation often does not accurately model the background when losses at slightly lower energies interfere with the edge of interest, or in general, when energy losses are less than ∼200 eV. In such cases, the background of EELS spectra has been successfully fitted as a linear least-squares fit to a polynomial, usually a quadratic of the form: log(I) = A + BX + CX2, where I = intensity and X = log(energy loss). In the present study, this alternative background model, the “log-polynomial,” has been applied to pre-edge images for background subtraction from post-edge energy-filtered images.

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Stevanovic, Dragan. « Oriented incidence energy and threshold graphs ». Filomat 25, n^o 2 (2011) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1102001s.

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Let G be a simple graph with n vertices and m edges. Let edges of G be given an arbitrary orientation, and let Q be the vertex-edge incidence matrix of such oriented graph. The oriented incidence energy of G is then the sum of singular values of Q. We show that for any n?9, there exists at least ([n/9]/2)+1 distinct pairs of graphs on n vertices having equal oriented incidence energy.

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Ryzhkin, M. I., A. A. Levchenko et I. A. Ryzhkin. « Peierls Instability of the Lieb Lattice ». JETP Letters 116, n^o 5 (septembre 2022) : 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s002136402260152x.

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It is shown that the energy of the electron system in the two-dimensional Lieb lattice decreases owing to displacements of the edge atoms from the lattice sites along the edges. This decrease in the electron energy gives rise to soft phonon modes, anharmonic phonons, and to a lattice instability. Under certain conditions, the decrease in the electron energy can exceed the increase in the elastic energy of the ion lattice, and the total energy as a function of the displacements of edge atoms takes the form of a double-well potential. As a result, in the case of a pronounced instability, a partially ordered sublattice of edge atoms arises with the number of equilibrium positions twice as large as the number of atoms. The quantum tunneling of edge atoms between equilibrium positions results in the formation of quantum tunneling modes. The possible experimental manifestations of such instability and the extension of the model under study to the three-dimensional lattices are discussed.

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Zhou, Zhou, Mohammad Shojafar, Jemal Abawajy, Hui Yin et Hongming Lu. « ECMS : An Edge Intelligent Energy Efficient Model in Mobile Edge Computing ». IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking 6, n^o 1 (mars 2022) : 238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2021.3121961.

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Zhan, Fuqin, Youfu Qiao et Junliang Cai. « On edge-Zagreb spectral radius and edge-Zagreb energy of graphs ». Linear and Multilinear Algebra 66, n^o 12 (23 novembre 2017) : 2512–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03081087.2017.1404960.

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Weng, Xudong, et Peter Rez. « Electron energy loss near edge structure ». Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (6 août 1989) : 384–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100153890.

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In inner shell absorption spectroscopy, the near edge structure (NES) up to 30 eV above threshold is a prominent solid state effect. It is well known that electron energy loss spectroscopy is advantageous for the study of light elements, like carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine. Due to the complexity of the near edge region, it is only recently that a significant amount of research have been carried out to extract information on the solid state effects.The theory to interpret the near edge structure is based on Fermi’s Golden rule. Two methods have been derived which give different and complimentary physical pictures about the inner shell excitation process. Single electron band structure techniques have been successfully applied to the interpretation of x-ray near edge structure. using the projected densities of states (DOS) of L±1 characterpermitted by the dipole selection rule. The multiple scattering method views the near edge structure (XANES) [2.3] as coming from the interference between the outgoing ejected electron wave and renections from neighboring atoms.

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Jiang, Congfeng, Tiantian Fan, Honghao Gao, Weisong Shi, Liangkai Liu, Christophe Cérin et Jian Wan. « Energy aware edge computing : A survey ». Computer Communications 151 (février 2020) : 556–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2020.01.004.

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Menon, N. K., O. L. Krivanek et M. K. H. Natusch. « Synthesis of Electron Energy Loss Spectra and Application to Quantifying Detection Limits in Materials Science ». Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (août 1999) : 936–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600018006.

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Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) is a powerful microanalytical tool that can be used to characterize the composition and other properties of a wide range of materials. The compositional information is retrievable from the pattern of edges displayed in the energy-loss spectrum [1]. Under favorable experimental conditions, concentrations below 1000 ppm of many different elements can be detected on a nanometer scale [2].The minimum detectable mass (MDM) and the minimum detectable mass fraction (MDF) attainable in practice depend on many parameters (sample thickness, incident beam convergence / acceptance angles, primary energy, electron dose, probe size, detector efficiency, etc.), and there are no easy rules that can be used to predict them. For instance, a minority element that gives rise to an edge situated at an energy just lower than a major edge due to a principal constituent is much easier to detect than a minority element that gives rise to an edge just above the major edge.

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Merzlikin, Dmitrii, Sergey Fomel et Xinming Wu. « Least-squares diffraction imaging using shaping regularization by anisotropic smoothing ». GEOPHYSICS 85, n^o 5 (1 septembre 2020) : S313—S325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0741.1.

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We have used least-squares migration to emphasize edge diffractions. The inverted forward-modeling operator is the chain of three operators: Kirchhoff modeling, azimuthal plane-wave destruction, and the path-summation integral filter. Azimuthal plane-wave destruction removes reflected energy without damaging edge-diffraction signatures. The path-summation integral guides the inversion toward probable diffraction locations. We combine sparsity constraints and anisotropic smoothing in the form of shaping regularization to highlight edge diffractions. Anisotropic smoothing enforces continuity along edges. Sparsity constraints emphasize diffractions perpendicular to edges and have a denoising effect. Synthetic and field data examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in denoising and highlighting edge diffractions, such as channel edges and faults.

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Stevanovic, Dragan, Abreu de, Freitas de, Cybele Vinagre et Renata Del-Vecchio. « On the oriented incidence energy and decomposable graphs ». Filomat 23, n^o 3 (2009) : 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil0903243s.

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Let G be a simple graph with n vertices and m edges. Let edges of G be given an arbitrary orientation, and let Q be the vertex-edge incidence matrix of such oriented graph. The oriented incidence energy of G is then the sum of singular values of Q. We show that for any n 2 N, there exists a set of n graphs with O(n) vertices having equal oriented incidence energy.

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Nishihata, Y., O. Kamishima, Y. Kubozono, H. Maeda et S. Emura. « XAFS in the high-energy region ». Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 5, n^o 3 (1 mai 1998) : 1007–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049597016749.

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XAFS (X-ray absorption fine-structure) spectra were measured near K-absorption edges of Ce (40.5 keV), Dy (53.8 keV), Ta (67.4 keV) and Pt (78.4 keV). The blunt K-edge jump due to the finite lifetime of the core hole was observed. This makes it difficult to extract EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine-structure) functions at low k values. Local structure parameters can be evaluated from the EXAFS spectra above K-absorption edges in the high-energy region as well as from those above L III-edges. It was found that the finite-lifetime effect of the core hole is effectively taken into the photoelectron mean-free-path term, as predicted theoretically.

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Weng, Xudong, et Peter Rez. « Calculations of oxygen electron energy loss near edge structure ». Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 45 (août 1987) : 128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100125579.

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Most analytical microscopes are equipped with energy loss spectrometers capable of giving spectra showing 1-2 eV resolution for inner shell edges. The relatively weak modulation starting 30-50 eV from threshold due to Extended X-ray Edge Energy Loss Fine Structure (EXELFS) which is analogous to EXAFS in X-ray absorption has been studied in some detail. Although the theory is, in principle, straightforward the technique using energy loss in the electron microscope to determine nearest neighbour distances has not attracted widespread interest. This is partly due to the long counting times involved. The near edge structure (NES) within 20-30 eV of threshold is characterized by a very strong modulation and is clearly visible even when small amounts of the element are present. Interpretation of the features is very much more difficult and except in those cases in which peaks can be clearly assigned to transitions to antibonding orbitals the main form of analysis has been limited to simple comparisons or fingerprinting.

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Wheeler, A. A. « Phase-field theory of edges in an anisotropic crystal ». Proceedings of the Royal Society A : Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 462, n^o 2075 (30 mai 2006) : 3363–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2006.1721.

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In the presence of sufficiently strong surface energy anisotropy, the equilibrium shape of an isothermal crystal may include corners or edges. Models of edges have, to date, involved the regularization of the corresponding free-boundary problem resulting in equilibrium shapes with smoothed out edges. In this paper, we take a new approach and consider how a phase-field model, which provides a diffuse description of an interface, can be extended to the consideration of edges by an appropriate regularization of the underlying mathematical model. Using the method of matched asymptotic expansions, we develop an approximate solution which corresponds to a smoothed out edge from which we are able to determine the associated edge energy.

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Attarian Shandiz, Mohammad, Maxime J. F. Guinel, Majid Ahmadi et Raynald Gauvin. « Monte Carlo Simulations of Electron Energy-Loss Spectra with the Addition of Fine Structure from Density Functional Theory Calculations ». Microscopy and Microanalysis 22, n^o 1 (février 2016) : 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927615015603.

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AbstractA new approach is presented to introduce the fine structure of core-loss excitations into the electron energy-loss spectra of ionization edges by Monte Carlo simulations based on an optical oscillator model. The optical oscillator strength is refined using the calculated electron energy-loss near-edge structure by density functional theory calculations. This approach can predict the effects of multiple scattering and thickness on the fine structure of ionization edges. In addition, effects of the fitting range for background removal and the integration range under the ionization edge on signal-to-noise ratio are investigated.

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Onyechere, I. C., U. C. Anya, O. M. Ibearugbulem, A. U. Igbojiaku, E. O. Ihemegbulem et K. C. Igwilo. « Use of Higher Order Plate Theory in dynamic analysis of SSFS and CSFS thick rectangular plates in orthogonal polynomials ». Nigerian Journal of Technology 40, n^o 2 (18 octobre 2021) : 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v40i2.5.

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This study applied polynomial expressions as displacement and shear deformation functions in the free-vibration study of thick and moderately thick isotropic rectangular plates. Rectangular plates with two different edge conditions investigated in this work are: one with simple supports at three of its edges and with no support at the other edge denoted with the acronym (SSFS) and a rectangular plate with simple supports at opposite edges while the other opposite edges has a fixed support at one edge and no support at the other edge, this is denoted with the acronym (CSFS). The total potential energy of the plate was derived using the general theory of elasticity. The general governing equation of the plate was derived by minimizing the total potential energy equation of the plate. Edge conditions of the SSFS and CSFS plates were met and substituted into the general governing equation to obtain a linear expression which was solved to generate fundamental natural frequency function for the plates with various span-depth proportion (m/t) and planar dimensions proportion (n/m). The results obtained from this research were found to agree favourably with the results of similar problems in the literature upon comparison.

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Albogamy, Fahad R., Sajjad Ali Khan, Ghulam Hafeez, Sadia Murawwat, Sheraz Khan, Syed Irtaza Haider, Abdul Basit et Klaus-Dieter Thoben. « Real-Time Energy Management and Load Scheduling with Renewable Energy Integration in Smart Grid ». Sustainability 14, n^o 3 (4 février 2022) : 1792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031792.

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With the smart grid development, the modern electricity market is reformatted, where residential consumers can actively participate in the demand response (DR) program to balance demand with generation. However, lack of user knowledge is a challenging issue in responding to DR incentive signals. Thus, an Energy Management Controller (EMC) emerged that automatically respond to DR signal and solve energy management problem. On this note, in this work, a hybrid algorithm of Enhanced Differential Evolution (EDE) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) is developed, namely EDGE. The EMC is programmed based with EDGE algorithm to automatically respond to DR signals to solve energy management problems via scheduling three types of household load: interruptible, non-interruptible, and hybrid. The EDGE algorithm has critical features of both algorithms (GA and EDE), enabling the EMC to generate an optimal schedule of household load to reduce energy expense, carbon emission, Peak to Average Ratio (PAR), and user discomfort. To validate the proposed EDGE algorithm, simulations are conducted compared to the existing algorithms like Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO), GA, Wind Driven Optimization (WDO), and EDE. Results illustrate that the proposed EDGE algorithm outperforms benchmark algorithms in energy expense minimization, carbon emission minimization, PAR alleviation, and user discomfort maximization.

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Saitoh, Motofumi, Xiang Gao, Takafumi Ogawa, Yumi H. Ikuhara, Shunsuke Kobayashi, Craig A. J. Fisher, Akihide Kuwabara et Yuichi Ikuhara. « Systematic analysis of electron energy-loss near-edge structures in Li-ion battery materials ». Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, n^o 38 (2018) : 25052–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp03390k.

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Šipr, Ondřej, Jiří Vackář et Ján Minár. « Finite lifetime broadening of calculated X-ray absorption spectra : possible artefacts close to the edge ». Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 25, n^o 2 (19 février 2018) : 523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577518000048.

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X-ray absorption spectra calculated within an effective one-electron approach have to be broadened to account for the finite lifetime of the core hole. For methods based on Green's function this can be achieved either by adding a small imaginary part to the energy or by convoluting the spectra on the real axis with a Lorentzian. By analyzing the FeK- andL2,3-edge spectra it is demonstrated that these procedures lead to identical results only for energies higher than a few core-level widths above the absorption edge. For energies close to the edge, spurious spectral features may appear if too much weight is put on broadeningviathe imaginary energy component. Special care should be taken for dichroic spectra at edges which comprise several exchange-split core levels, such as theL3-edge of 3dtransition metals.

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Markakis, Evangelos K., Yannis Nikoloudakis, Kalliopi Lapidaki, Konstantinos Fiorentzis et Emmanuel Karapidakis. « Unification of Edge Energy Grids for Empowering Small Energy Producers ». Sustainability 13, n^o 15 (29 juillet 2021) : 8487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158487.

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The current energy landscape is largely comprised of big stakeholders, who are often the monopolistic drivers of their local market. This fact does not leave any room for smaller players to participate in this procedure by contributing their part in the energy pool. Moreover, the dynamic demand for power along with the current power production rate are not corelated, rendering the power distribution grid, a best effort network, prone to power failures, due to the inevitable irregularities in demand. This paper introduces a novel concept that allows small energy producers, such as solar panel grids, to offer their production excess through an intelligent energy brokerage blockchain-based framework. The proposed framework ingests the vast amounts of bigdata stemming from the distributed smart energy grids smart metering and allows for automatic commercial transactions of power between the participants of a dedicated marketplace. Values dynamically fluctuate depending on the real-time offer and demand and the grid’s state. Thus, all partaking stakeholders are able to take the most out of their product by leveraging the intelligence provided by the energy marketplace, and contribute to the overall stabilization of the energy grid.

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Zhang, Qing, Xiaoyong Lin, Yongsheng Hao et Jie Cao. « Energy-Aware Scheduling in Edge Computing Based on Energy Internet ». IEEE Access 8 (2020) : 229052–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3044932.

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Jiang, XiangYu. « Energy Consumption Optimization of Edge Computing Based on Reinforcement Learning ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2246, n^o 1 (1 avril 2022) : 012076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2246/1/012076.

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Abstract Cloud computing faces the problem of over-centralization, where the distance between users and cloud servers is very far. The communication between users and clouds faces long communication latency and high computational energy consumption. Edge computing is a hot research topic in academia now. Edge computing sinks cloud computing nodes to the edge, allowing users to offload tasks directly to edge servers. Compared with cloud computing, edge computing is closer to the user side. The communication between users and edge servers has lower transmission latency and less energy consumption. In order to better exploit the features and promote the development of edge computing, in this paper, we mainly focus on exploring the basic architecture of edge computing. In addition, we propose a scheme that can optimize the energy consumption of edge computing based on reinforcement learning methods. Finally, we verify the effectiveness of our proposed scheme by comparing it with other schemes through simulation experiments.

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Abdelsalam, Hazem, Omar H. Abd-Elkader, Nouf S. Zaghloul et Qinfang Zhang. « Magnetic and Electronic Properties of Edge-Modified Triangular WS2 and MoS2 Quantum Dots ». Crystals 13, n^o 2 (1 février 2023) : 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13020251.

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The magnetic and electronic properties of zigzag-triangular WS2 and MoS2 quantum dots are investigated using density functional theory calculations. The pristine WS2 and MoS2 nanodots hold permanent spin on their edges which originates from the unpaired electrons of the transition metals at the edges. The ferromagnetic spin ordering in zigzag-triangular WS2 and MoS2 can be transformed to antiferromagnetic ordering with S = 0 and to nonmagnetic, respectively, by edge passivation with 2H. The calculations of the Curie Temperature indicate that these magnetic states are stable and withstand room temperature. The paramagnetic susceptibility of these structures significantly decreases by edge sulfuration. Moreover, it can be converted to diamagnetic susceptibility by edge passivation with 2H as found in WS2 nanodots. These structures are semiconductors with energy gaps of ~3.3 eV that decrease unexpectedly by edge passivation due to the existence of lone pairs from S atoms that give a high contribution to the low-energy molecular orbitals. With these preferable magnetic properties and controlled electronic ones, WS2 and MoS2 quantum dots are potential candidates for spintronic applications.

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Sachenbacher, Martin, Martin Leucker, Andreas Artmeier et Julian Haselmayr. « Efficient Energy-Optimal Routing for Electric Vehicles ». Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 25, n^o 1 (4 août 2011) : 1402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v25i1.7803.

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Traditionally routing has focused on finding shortest paths in networks with positive, static edge costs representing the distance between two nodes. Energy-optimal routing for electric vehicles creates novel algorithmic challenges, as simply understanding edge costs as energy values and applying standard algorithms does not work. First, edge costs can be negative due to recuperation, excluding Dijkstra-like algorithms. Second, edge costs may depend on parameters such as vehicle weight only known at query time, ruling out existing preprocessing techniques. Third, considering battery capacity limitations implies that the cost of a path is no longer just the sum of its edge costs. This paper shows how these challenges can be met within the framework of A* search. We show how the specific domain gives rise to a consistent heuristic function yielding an O(n2) routing algorithm. Moreover, we show how battery constraints can be treated by dynamically adapting edge costs and hence can be handled in the same way as parameters given at query time, without increasing run-time complexity. Experimental results with real road networks and vehicle data demonstrate the advantages of our solution.

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Chen, Xun, et Tahsin Tecelli Öpöz. « Comparison of Material Removal Characteristics in Single and Multiple Cutting Edge Scratches ». Advanced Materials Research 797 (septembre 2013) : 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.797.189.

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This paper presents the important characteristics of material removal mechanism during single grit scratching test. Material removal mechanism in these scratches shows cutting and ploughing action varies with the number of cutting edges leading to different cutting force and specific energy. According to experimental results, single edge scratches are more efficient cutting while multiple edge scratches give more ploughing actions, which consume energy with little contribution to materials removal. The results provided an important insight of material removal during grinding process.

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Kaliappan, Vishnu Kumar, Aravind Babu Lalpet Ranganathan, Selvaraju Periasamy, Padmapriya Thirumalai, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Sangwoo Jeon, Dugki Min et Enumi Choi. « Energy-Efficient Offloading Based on Efficient Cognitive Energy Management Scheme in Edge Computing Device with Energy Optimization ». Energies 15, n^o 21 (5 novembre 2022) : 8273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15218273.

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Edge devices and their associated computing techniques require energy efficiency to improve sustainability over time. The operating edge devices are timed to swap between different states to achieve stabilized energy efficiency. This article introduces a Cognitive Energy Management Scheme (CEMS) by considering the offloading and computational states for energy efficacy. The proposed scheme employs state learning for swapping the computing intervals for scheduling or offloading depending on the load. The edge devices are distributed at the time of scheduling and organized for first come, first serve for offloading features. In state learning, the reward is allocated for successful scheduling over offloading to prevent device exhaustion. The computation is therefore swapped for energy-reserved scheduling or offloading based on the previous computed reward. This cognitive management induces device allocation based on energy availability and computing time to prevent energy convergence. Cognitive management is limited in recent works due to non-linear swapping and missing features. The proposed CEMS addresses this issue through precise scheduling and earlier device exhaustion identification. The convergence issue is addressed using rewards assigned to post the state transitions. In the transition process, multiple device energy levels are considered. This consideration prevents early detection of exhaustive devices, unlike conventional wireless networks. The proposed scheme’s performance is compared using the metrics computing rate and time, energy efficacy, offloading ratio, and scheduling failures. The experimental results show that this scheme improves the computing rate and energy efficacy by 7.2% and 9.32%, respectively, for the varying edge devices. It reduces the offloading ratio, scheduling failures, and computing time by 14.97%, 7.27%, and 14.48%, respectively.

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MURAI, Yuichi. « Leading-Edge Power and Energy Systems 2022 ». Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese) 88, n^o 907 (2022) : 22—pre01–22—pre01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/transjsme.22-pre01.

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KATOH, Yasuo. « Leading-Edge Power and Energy Systems 2019 ». Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese) 85, n^o 874 (2019) : 19—pre03–19—pre03. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/transjsme.19-pre03.

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SHIKAZONO, Naoki. « Leading-Edge Power and Energy Systems 2020 ». Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese) 86, n^o 883 (2020) : 20—pre01–20—pre01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/transjsme.20-pre01.

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Asorey, M., D. García-Álvarez et J. M. Muñoz-Castañeda. « Vacuum energy and renormalization on the edge ». Journal of Physics A : Mathematical and Theoretical 40, n^o 25 (6 juin 2007) : 6767–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/40/25/s21.

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Gutkin, M. Yu, et I. A. Ovid’ko. « Energy characteristics of edge dislocations in quasicrystals ». Physics of the Solid State 39, n^o 11 (novembre 1997) : 1791–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1130175.

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Lu, Yang, et Jing Guo. « Edge dopant energy levels of graphene nanoribbons ». Applied Physics Letters 97, n^o 11 (13 septembre 2010) : 113102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3489690.

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McTaggart, N., R. Zagórski, X. Bonnin, A. Runov, R. Schneider, T. Kaiser, T. Rognlien et M. Umansky. « 3D edge energy transport in stellarator configurations ». Journal of Nuclear Materials 337-339 (mars 2005) : 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.030.

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Day, Jane, et Wasin So. « Graph energy change due to edge deletion ». Linear Algebra and its Applications 428, n^o 8-9 (avril 2008) : 2070–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2007.11.009.

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NAKAGAWA, Masafumi. « Leading-Edge Power and Energy Systems 2018 ». Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese) 84, n^o 859 (2018) : 18—pre01–18—pre01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/transjsme.18-pre01.

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