Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Ecotoxicité terrestre »

Incineration has been regarded as a promising method to respond to municipal solid waste (MSW) challenges. However, its high cost and health impacts are the main barriers to the development of incineration. This study aims to investigate the cost-benefit of MSW incineration in 31 Chinese provinces to identify the regional disparity of incineration policy in China. Life cycle environmental impacts and costs were analyzed using the life cycle assessment software Gabi 8.0 and method CML-2001. Results show that MSW disposal costs, Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Eutrophication Potential (EP) will decline significantly with the increase in incineration rate for all Chinese provinces, while the environmental impacts of Human Toxicity Potential (HTP), Ozone Layer Depletion Potential (OLDP) and Terrestric Ecotoxicity Potential (TETP) increase the trend. Economically developed and populated provinces such as Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shandong have both a higher incineration volume and incineration potential. As for the cost-benefit analysis, developed provinces such as Guangdong, Chongqing, Shanghai and Tianjin exhibit the highest cost-benefit in toxic impacts of HTP, TETP and ODP. Northern provinces such as Jilin, Xinjiang, Heilongjiang and Hebei have the lowest cost-benefit in toxic impacts but have the highest cost-benefit in GWP and EP. Finally, policy remarks on incineration cost, priority provinces, integration of sorting and incineration are also discussed.

This paper includes a cradle-to-gate life cycle impact evaluation of gasoline blends in India. The potential environmental impacts of gasoline blends with three major components, i.e., methanol, ethanol, and n-butanol are assessed. The production of methanol from the natural gas reforming process, ethanol from hydrogenation with nitric acid, and n-butanol from the oxo process are considered in the current study. The results show that the gasoline blending with methanol has the lowest impact (11 categories) and is nearly constant from 5 to 15%. For gasoline with ethanol as an additive, the global warming potential, ozone depletion potential, and abiotic depletion potential rise with increasing ethanol addition. Meanwhile, increasing ethanol addition reduces the acidification potential and terrestric ecotoxicity potential impact of gasoline blends. Similarly, gasoline with n-butanol as an additive has higher acidification potential, eutrophication potential, human toxicity potential, terrestric ecotoxicity potential, marine aquatic ecotoxicity potential, and photochemical ozone creation potential compared to methanol and ethanol.

L’impact des NPs TiO2 manufacturées a été évalué par la méthodologie de l’analyse du cycle de vie à une échelle de site spécifique. Une première approche a été menée dans le but de les détecter dans l’environnement. Les données expérimentales collectées sur le terrain ont permis de caractériser ces nanoparticules pour l’écotoxicité terrestre à une échelle locale. Les NPs TiO2 ont été détectées dans l’eau et les sédiments de la rivière de la Thur ainsi que dans les sols de la zone d’étude jusqu’à 2,5 km d’un site de production. Le temps de résidence (facteur de devenir) des NPs TiO2 dans les sols de la région de Thann est d’environ 8500 ans. Un facteur d’effet spécifique (12,46 PAF.m3.kg-1) a également été élaboré à l’aide de données provenant d’une synthèse bibliographique sur la toxicité des NPs TiO2 pour les organismes de l’écosystème terrestre. La détermination de ces deux paramètres a permis de calculer le premier facteur de caractérisation des NPs TiO2 pour l’écotoxicité terrestre de la région de Thann (1,06.105 PAF.m3.an.kg-1)
The impact of engineered TiO2 NPs was assessed using the Life cycle assessment methodology at a site-specific scale. A first approach was carried out to detect them in the environment. Experimental data collected in the field were used to characterize these nanoparticles for terrestrial ecotoxicity at a local scale. TiO2 NPs were detected in the water and sediments of the Thur river and in soils of the study area up to 2,5 km from a production site. The residence time (fate factor) of TiO2 NPs in area soils of Thann is approximately 8500 years. A specific effect factor (12,46 PAF.m3.kg-1) was also developed using date from a bibliographic synthesis on the toxicity of TiO2 NPs for organisms in terrestrial ecosystem. The determination of these two parameters allows us to calculate the first characterization factor for TiO2 NPs for terrestrial ecotoxicity in the Thann region (1,06.105 PAF.m3.an.kg-1)