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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Economics – Sweden »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Economics – Sweden"

Botha, Sven. « Reinvigorating South Africa-Sweden Relations : Politics, Economics, And Society ». Thinker 94, n^o 1 (17 février 2023) : 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/the_thinker.v94i1.2353.

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The Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Sweden are often said to share a special relationship. This relationship, as Anna-Mart van Wyk’s article in this special issue illustrates, is firmly rooted in Sweden’s support for the Anti-Apartheid Movement. Since then, both South Africa and Sweden, and indeed the world as a whole, have experienced significant political, economic, and social changes.The bilateral relationship between South Africa and Sweden has grown since the former’s transition to democracy on the 27th of April 1994. To this end, South Africa and Sweden enjoy a bi-national commission and a total of 22 bilateral agreements1 (DIRCO, 2022).In addition to these milestones, innovative initiatives have been established in areas of mutual concern. Chief examples in this regard include the South Africa-Sweden University Forum (SASUF)2 and the Cape Town-Stockholm Connect Initiative3, which seek to stimulate collaboration in higher education and business and technology respectively. There have also been developments in our cultural exchanges in recent years. One such example was the facilitation of the Sweden-South Africa Live Connection: Digitally Yours Campaign (hereafter the Digitally Yours Campaign) which sought to keep both countries connected virtually during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The Digitally Yours Campaign ran from the 4th of April 2020 until the 2nd of May 2020 and hosted a number of virtual exchanges4 whereby both Swedish and South African artists participated in roundtable discussions and cultural performances in the areas of fashion, poetry, and music (Embassy of Sweden in Pretoria, 2020).

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Skogh, Göran. « Law and economics in Sweden ». International Review of Law and Economics 11, n^o 3 (décembre 1991) : 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144-8188(91)90009-3.

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Jönsson, Sten. « Accounting and business economics traditions in Sweden ». European Accounting Review 5, n^o 3 (janvier 1996) : 435–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638189600000028.

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Fuchs, Victor R., Assar Lindbeck, Per Molander, Torsten Persson, Olof Petersson, Agnar Sandmo, Birgitta Swedenborg et Niels Thygesen. « Turning Sweden around ». Scandinavian Journal of Economics 98, n^o 1 (mars 1996) : 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3440585.

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Waldenström, Daniel. « Wealth-Income Ratios in a Small, Developing Economy : Sweden, 1810–2014 ». Journal of Economic History 77, n^o 1 (21 février 2017) : 285–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050717000080.

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This study uses new data on Swedish national wealth over the last two hundred years to examine whether the patterns in wealth-income ratios found by Piketty and Zucman (2014) extend to small and less developed economies. The findings reveal both similarities and differences. During the industrialization era, Sweden's domestic wealth was relatively low because of low saving rates and instead foreign capital imports became important. Twentieth-century trends and levels are more similar, but in Sweden government wealth grew more important, not least through its relatively large public pension system. Overall, the findings suggest that initial conditions and economic and political institutions matter for the structure and evolution of national wealth.

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Smedmark, Göran. « SWEDEN. » International Social Security Review 47, n^o 2 (avril 1994) : 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-246x.1994.tb00401.x.

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Svensson, Hans, et Jan-Åke Brorsson. « SWEDEN ». International Social Security Review 50, n^o 1 (janvier 1997) : 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-246x.1997.tb01059.x.

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Gorokhov, Stanislav, Maxim Agafoshin et Ruslan Dmitriev. « Somalis in Sweden : Regional Dimension ». Contemporary Europe 100, n^o 7 (31 décembre 2020) : 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope72020150161.

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The article discusses the process of formation and development of parallel societies in Sweden in the case of the Somali community. The transformation of Sweden into a country of mass immigration, which began in the second half of the 20th century, and its positioning as a “humanitarian superpower” significantly changes the country’s socio-cultural space. The authors conclude that the narrow spatial localization of the extraneous cultural and confessional population, with a specific imperative of behavior, results inthe formation of parallel communities, and in the case of the Somali community, to its marginalization. Within these segregated areas on the territory of Sweden, a fragmented social space is formed, the interaction between the subjects of which is similar to that in Somalia. At the same time the Swedish state organizations lose their monopoly on the implementation of the legislatively fixed rights and freedoms of citizens across these territories. It negatively affects Sweden’s internal security aspects, leading to an increase in the radicalization of Swedish society and in the threat of terrorism. The current situation undermines the security not only of Sweden itself, but also of its EU neighbors – primarily the Nordic countries. Therefore, nowadays, the integration of immigrants from the Muslim countries of Asia and Africa is one of the most important problems facing the Swedish government and the entire Swedish society.

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Wessman, Peter. « Competition Sharpens in Sweden ». World Competition 17, Issue 1 (1 septembre 1993) : 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco1993005.

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Bernitz, Ulf. « Sweden and The EEA ». Legal Issues of Economic Integration 19, Issue 1 (1 juin 1992) : 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/leie1992003.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Economics – Sweden"

Kilic, Niyazi. « Economics of suicide in Sweden ». Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-39199.

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Suicide is social tragedy that devastates families and is very costly for society. Even though suicide have been a known social problem for over a century society have yet to solve it. The purpose of this essay is to examine whether the socio-economic theory can explain the variance of suicide rate in Sweden. From previous studies and socioeconomic theories, the variables unemployment, divorce rate, fertility was picked because of their ability to explain the variance of suicides rates. Population density was also picked because of its close relation with social isolation. A two-way fixed- effect model controlling for region and time was employed on a panel of 21 counties over the years 2005-2017. The results of the regression were that all independent variables, but population density were insignificant. The study concludes that the panel employed are not enough to determine whether the socio-economic factors can explain the variance of suicide rates in Sweden.
Självmord är en social tragedi som ödelägger familjer och är en stor kostnad för samhället. Även om självmord har varit ett känt problem i århundraden så är det fortfarande ett olöst problem. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka om socioekonomisk teori kan användas för att förklara variansen av självmord i Sverige. Från tidigare studier och socioekonomiska teorier utrönandes tre variabler som anses kunna förklara variansen av självmord. De tre variablerna var arbetslöshet, skilsmässor och fertilitet. Befolkningstäthet lades till i regressionen, eftersom den ansågs vara i relaterad till sociologiska teorier. En tvåvägs fasteffekt regression som kontrollerar för län- och tid effekter applicerades på en panel bestående av 21 län under åren 2005–2017. Resultatet av regression visade att alla variabler förutom befolkningstäthet var icke signifikanta. Studien konkluderar att panelen som analyserats inte är tillräckligt för bedöma om socioekonomiska teorier kan förklara variansen av självmord.

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Wright, Richard. « Three essays in comparative institutional economics : Britain and Sweden since 1918 ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385898.

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Prawitz, Erik. « On the Move : Essays on the Economic and Political Development of Sweden ». Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-145925.

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This thesis consists of four self-contained essays in economics. Their abstracts are presented below: Exit, Voice and Political Change: Evidence from Swedish Mass Migration to the United States. We study the political effects of mass emigration to the United States in the 19th century using data from Sweden. To instrument for total emigration over several decades, we exploit severe local frost shocks that sparked an initial wave of emigration, interacted with within-country travel costs. Our estimates show that emigration substantially increased the local demand for political change, as measured by labor movement membership, strike participation and voting. Emigration also led to de facto political change, increasing welfare expenditures as well as the likelihood of adopting more inclusive political institutions. Mass Migration, Cheap Labor, and Innovation. Migration is often depicted as a major problem for struggling developing countries, as they may lose valuable workers and human capital. Yet, its effects on sending regions are ambiguous and depend crucially on local market responses and migrant selection. This paper studies the effects of migration on technological innovation in sending communities during one of the largest migration episodes in human history: the Age of Mass Migration (1850-1913). Using novel historical data on Sweden, where about a quarter of its population migrated, we find that migration caused an increase in technological patents in sending municipalities. To establish causality, we use an instrumental variable design that exploits severe local growing season frost shocks together with within-country travel costs to reach an emigration port. Exploring possible mechanisms, we suggest that increased labor costs, due to low-skilled emigration, induced technological innovation. On the Right Track: Railroads, Mobility and Innovation During Two Centuries. We study the construction of the 19th-century Swedish railroad network and estimate its effects on innovation during two centuries. To address endogenous placement of the network, our analysis exploits the fact that the main trunk lines were built with the overarching aim to connect particular city centers, while at the same time considering construction costs. Estimates show that innovative activities increased substantially in areas traversed by the railroads. The number of active innovators increased and, moreover, they became more productive. Exploring potential mechanisms, we highlight the importance of knowledge diffusion across space by studying spatial patterns of collaboration between innovators. Our analysis shows that innovators residing in areas connected by the railroad start to collaborate more and over longer distances, especially with other innovators located along the railroad network. Finally, we show that the differences in innovative activities were intensified over the 20th century. Areas traversed by the historical railroads exhibit much higher rates of innovation in the present day. Homeownership, Housing Wealth and Socioeconomic Outcomes: Evidence from Sweden 1999-2007. This paper studies a government supported homeownership wave in Sweden, where tenants bought their apartments at prices below the market value in the ownership market. Using detailed administrative register data paired with a difference-in-differences strategy, it compares individuals subject to an ownership transfer to similar individuals who never got the opportunity to buy their homes. After establishing that the new homeowners instantly increased their net wealth, the effects of homeownership and housing wealth on a set of socioeconomic outcomes are measured over time. Although the lump-sum transfer is large, the average individual only modestly adjusts her behavior in terms of labor market participation and demographic decision-making. Studying differences across age, younger tenants increase childbearing and decrease labor income, although modestly. Individuals near their retirement age decrease their labor market participation.

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Järvenson, Gustav. « Matching efficiency in Sweden, 2000 to 2018 ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172734.

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The term matching efficiency is a term that describes how efficient the search and matching process of the labour market is functioning. A high matching efficiency is sought-after since it means shorter unemployment spells and more productive firms. The matching function is the tool that is most commonly used to estimate the matching efficiency. It is a tool that makes it possible to model a complex process with a relatively small number of different variables. There is a shortage of studies that estimates the matching efficiency on Swedish data. This thesis estimated a aggregated as well as regional disaggregated matching functions on monthly data from 2000 to 2018. The matching efficiency for the aggregated as well as the different regional labour markets is then estimated. The results show that the matching efficiency as decreased over the studied period. This is true the aggregated as well as the disaggregated labour market. When estimating the regional matching efficiency a negative correlation between the population density and the matching efficiency is found. This means that regions with lower levels of population densities show higher levels of matching efficiency compared to regions with higher levels of population densities. The changes in the matching efficiency are also found to be correlated with compositional changes of the unemployment pool.

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Lu, Xiaomei. « Determinants of health care expenditure in Sweden ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161097.

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Sweden faces increasing pressures on health funding. Total expenditure on health care currently accounts for about 10.92% of GDP, which suggests an increase of about twofold over the last five decades. This paper examines the short-run and long-run relationship between income and health care expenditure in Sweden during the period 1980–2017. The study focused on the differences between short- and long-term elasticities. Consistent with the conventional findings, the income elasticity for health care is found to be greater than one, suggesting that health care is a luxury good in Sweden. Additionally, the age structure variable is found to have a significant positive impact on health care expenditure. Finally, the importance of another non-income variable, relative price, is also confirmed, an increase in relative price is associated with lower quantity of health care expenditure.

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Cardona, Cervantes Gabriel. « Formation of House Prices in Sweden ». Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-11313.

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In this research, Sweden’s municipalities are categorized into five economic regions which put emphasis on location. Furthermore, since house prices reflect and are reflected by the existing cycles in the economy, four time periods are considered. By using extensive data collected by Sweden Statistics (SCB), this study tests eight variables factors to be used in a cross-section analysis which will help researchers understand which factors are consistent in explaining the formation of house prices in terms of location and time. The conclusion that can be drawn is that no factor can fully explain house prices at a national level and that the Population variable was consistent in regional changes and Employment was consistent in time changes. This has lead to a greater understanding of the field of regional house prices in order for it to contribute to real estate investments or purchases.

Master thesis in Economics

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Sköld, Edvin, et Kaleb Tesfay. « The relationship between inflation and unemployment in Sweden ». Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-48586.

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Nordquist, Johanna, et Ida Saranpää. « The motherhood earnings penalty : The case of Sweden ». Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96366.

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This paper investigates the motherhood earnings penalty of women in Sweden. To answer this question, we conducted an empirical analysis by using the ordinary least square on a data sample regarding women and the total number of children. To identify the source of the earnings gap, we stratified the sample of women by educational attainment to test for the work-effort hypothesis, unmarried and married women for the specialization hypothesis. Finally, testing for the compensating earnings differential theory by comparing women within the public sector to the private sector. The results showed that women with children experience an earnings penalty compared to women without children. The raw earnings penalty for one child was 34 percent, two children at 32 percent, and three or more children at 40 percent.

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Edvinsson, Alex, et Ruben Zeiloth. « The Laffer Curve for Top Incomes in Sweden ». Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-75331.

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Mikkonen, Maria. « Internal migration and labour market outcomes among refugees in Sweden ». Licentiate thesis, Växjö University, School of Management and Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1220.

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Livres sur le sujet "Economics – Sweden"

Engwall, Lars, dir. Economics in Sweden. Abingdon, UK : Taylor & Francis, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203311967.

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An economic history of modern Sweden. Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge, 2012.

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Lars, Engwall, dir. Economics in Sweden : An evaluation of Swedish research in economics. London : Routledge, 1992.

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Millock, Katrin. Packaging waste in Sweden : Economics and policy. Norwich : CSERGE, 1992.

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1942-, Sandelin Bo, dir. The History of Swedish economic thought. London : Routledge, 1991.

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Söderberg, Johan. The agrarian economy of sixteenth-century Sweden. Stockholm : Almqvist & Wiksell, 2002.

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Berg, Lennart. A quarterly consumption function for Sweden, 1970-1989. Stockholm, Sweden : Konjunkturinstitutet, 1991.

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Rosen, Sherwin. Public employment, taxes and the welfare state in Sweden. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995.

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Cunningham, Wood John, dir. Bertil Ohlin : Critical assessments. London : Routledge, 1995.

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Berndt, Ernst R. Measuring the contribution of public infrastructure capital in Sweden. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, 1991.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Economics – Sweden"

Magnusson, Lars. « National Economics in Sweden ». Dans Political Reason and the Language of Change, 239–58. London : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003206675-14.

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Skogh, Göran. « Law & ; Economics in Sweden ». Dans Bibliography of Law and Economics, 614–16. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0893-7_31.

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Arvidsson, Niklas. « The Future of Cash in Sweden ». Dans SpringerBriefs in Economics, 75–84. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10689-8_8.

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Persson, Lars Olof, et Ulf Wiberg. « Sweden Facing a New Micro- and Macroregional Fragmentation ». Dans Contributions to Economics, 115–22. Heidelberg : Physica-Verlag HD, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46973-2_7.

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Persson, Lars Olof, et Ulf Wiberg. « Spatial Dimensions of the Emerging Knowledge Society in Sweden ». Dans Contributions to Economics, 51–85. Heidelberg : Physica-Verlag HD, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46973-2_4.

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Roberts, Tanya, et Johan Lindblad. « Sweden Led Salmonella Control in Broilers : Which Countries Are Following ? » Dans Food Safety Economics, 231–49. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92138-9_12.

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Sundberg, Gun. « Health, Work-Hours, and Wages in Sweden ». Dans Developments in Health Economics and Public Policy, 95–112. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5681-7_5.

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Arvidsson, Niklas. « The Story of Cash and the Route Toward a Cashless Society : The Case of Sweden ». Dans SpringerBriefs in Economics, 27–39. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10689-8_4.

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Mäler, Karl-Göran. « Energy Options and Environmental Considerations : The Case of Sweden ». Dans The Economics of Choice between Energy Sources, 407–33. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18624-2_23.

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Hauser, Jason, et Christin Prütz. « Programs for the Aged in Sweden and in Switzerland ». Dans Developments in Health Economics and Public Policy, 209–34. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4052-6_10.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Economics – Sweden"

Stamatiou, Georgios, Kailash Srivastava, Muhamad Reza et Pericle Zanchetta. « Economics of DC wind Collection Grid as Affected by Cost of Key Components ». Dans World Renewable Energy Congress – Sweden, 8–13 May, 2011, Linköping, Sweden. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp110574177.

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Satyam B, Siva Rama, Manaswini Behera et Makarand M. Ghangrekar. « Performance and Economics of Low Cost Clay Cylinder Microbial Fuel Cell for Wastewater Treatment ». Dans World Renewable Energy Congress – Sweden, 8–13 May, 2011, Linköping, Sweden. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp110571189.

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Papafragkou, A., P. A. B. James et A. S. Bahaj. « The impact of the GB Feed-in Tariffs and Renewable Heat Incentive to the Economics of Various Microgeneration Technologies at the Street Level ». Dans World Renewable Energy Congress – Sweden, 8–13 May, 2011, Linköping, Sweden. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp110572610.

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« Sport Sponsorship beyond Brand Awareness —The Case Study of Sports Teams in Sweden ». Dans 2018 International Conference on Economics, Finance, Business, and Development. Francis Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/icefbd.18.001.

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Falch, Morten, Anders Henten, Reza Tadayoni et Idongesit Williams. « The role of public initiatives facilitating investments in broadband infrastructures : a comparative study of developments in Denmark and Sweden ». Dans 2015 Conference of Telecommunication, Media and Internet Techno-Economics (CTTE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ctte.2015.7347230.

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Lu, Xupeng. « Government intervention in developing a circular economy---A case study of waste management in Sweden ». Dans 2017 3rd International Conference on Economics, Social Science, Arts, Education and Management Engineering (ESSAEME 2017). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/essaeme-17.2017.337.

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Gass, Viktoria, Franziska Strauss, Johannes Schmidt et Erwin Schmid. « Economic Assessment of Wind Power Uncertainty ». Dans World Renewable Energy Congress – Sweden, 8–13 May, 2011, Linköping, Sweden. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp110574169.

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Kim, Jong Sung. « Investigation on Effect of Aged Pumped-Storaged Component Replacement on Economic Profits Considering Reliability and Economic Efficiency ». Dans World Renewable Energy Congress – Sweden, 8–13 May, 2011, Linköping, Sweden. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp110571424.

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Hadler, Jana, et Klaus Broekel. « Low Head Hydropower - Its Design and Economic Potential ». Dans World Renewable Energy Congress – Sweden, 8–13 May, 2011, Linköping, Sweden. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp110571464.

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Ofori-Boateng, Cynthia, et Keat Teong Lee. « Feasibility of Jatropha Oil for Biodiesel : Economic Analysis ». Dans World Renewable Energy Congress – Sweden, 8–13 May, 2011, Linköping, Sweden. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp11057463.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Economics – Sweden"

Davis, Steven, et Magnus Henrekson. Industrial Policy, Employer Size, and Economic Performance in Sweden. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, août 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5237.

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Davis, Steven, et Magnus Henrekson. Economic Performance and Work Activity in Sweden after the Crisis of the Early 1990s. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, décembre 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12768.

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Rezaie, Shogofa, Fedra Vanhuyse, Karin André et Maryna Henrysson. Governing the circular economy : how urban policymakers can accelerate the agenda. Stockholm Environment Institute, septembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.027.

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We believe the climate crisis will be resolved in cities. Today, while cities occupy only 2% of the Earth's surface, 57% of the world's population lives in cities, and by 2050, it will jump to 68% (UN, 2018). Currently, cities consume over 75% of natural resources, accumulate 50% of the global waste and emit up to 80% of greenhouse gases (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2017). Cities generate 70% of the global gross domestic product and are significant drivers of economic growth (UN-Habitat III, 2016). At the same time, cities sit on the frontline of natural disasters such as floods, storms and droughts (De Sherbinin et al., 2007; Major et al., 2011; Rockström et al., 2021). One of the sustainability pathways to reduce the environmental consequences of the current extract-make-dispose model (or the "linear economy") is a circular economy (CE) model. A CE is defined as "an economic system that is based on business models which replace the 'end-of-life' concept with reducing, alternatively reusing, recycling and recovering materials in production/distribution and consumption processes" (Kirchherr et al., 2017, p. 224). By redesigning production processes and thereby extending the lifespan of goods and materials, researchers suggest that CE approaches reduce waste and increase employment and resource security while sustaining business competitiveness (Korhonen et al., 2018; Niskanen et al., 2020; Stahel, 2012; Winans et al., 2017). Organizations such as the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and Circle Economy help steer businesses toward CE strategies. The CE is also a political priority in countries and municipalities globally. For instance, the CE Action Plan, launched by the European Commission in 2015 and reconfirmed in 2020, is a central pillar of the European Green Deal (European Commission, 2015, 2020). Additionally, more governments are implementing national CE strategies in China (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2018), Colombia (Government of the Republic of Colombia, 2019), Finland (Sitra, 2016), Sweden (Government Offices of Sweden, 2020) and the US (Metabolic, 2018, 2019), to name a few. Meanwhile, more cities worldwide are adopting CE models to achieve more resource-efficient urban management systems, thereby advancing their environmental ambitions (Petit-Boix & Leipold, 2018; Turcu & Gillie, 2020; Vanhuyse, Haddaway, et al., 2021). Cities with CE ambitions include, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Paris, Toronto, Peterborough (England) and Umeå (Sweden) (OECD, 2020a). In Europe, over 60 cities signed the European Circular Cities Declaration (2020) to harmonize the transition towards a CE in the region. In this policy brief, we provide insights into common challenges local governments face in implementing their CE plans and suggest recommendations for overcoming these. It aims to answer the question: How can the CE agenda be governed in cities? It is based on the results of the Urban Circularity Assessment Framework (UCAF) project, building on findings from 25 interviews, focus group discussions and workshops held with different stakeholder groups in Umeå, as well as research on Stockholm's urban circularity potential, including findings from 11 expert interviews (Rezaie, 2021). Our findings were complemented by the Circular Economy Lab project (Rezaie et al., 2022) and experiences from working with municipal governments in Sweden, Belgium, France and the UK, on CE and environmental and social sustainability.

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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml et Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.

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The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak), which is financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council's extraordinary programme for corona research. PAN-FIGHT adopts a comparative approach which follows a “most different systems” variation as a logic of comparison guiding the research (Przeworski & Teune, 1970). The countries in this study include two EU member States (Sweden, Germany), one which was engaged in an exit process from the EU membership (the UK), and two non-European Union states, but both members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Norway and Switzerland. Furthermore, Germany and Switzerland govern by the Continental European Federal administrative model, with a relatively weak central bureaucracy and strong subnational, decentralised institutions. Norway and Sweden adhere to the Scandinavian model—a unitary but fairly decentralised system with power bestowed to the local authorities. The United Kingdom applies the Anglo-Saxon model, characterized by New Public Management (NPM) and decentralised managerial practices (Einhorn & Logue, 2003; Kuhlmann & Wollmann, 2014; Petridou et al., 2019). In total, PAN-FIGHT is comprised of 5 Work Packages (WPs), which are research-, recommendation-, and practice-oriented. The WPs seek to respond to the following research questions and accomplish the following: WP1: What are the characteristics of governmental and public health authorities’ risk communication strategies in five European countries, both in comparison to each other and in relation to the official strategies proposed by WHO? WP2: To what extent and how does the general public’s understanding, induced by national risk communication, vary across five countries, in relation to factors such as social capital, age, gender, socio-economic status and household composition? WP3: Based on data generated in WP1 and WP2, what is the significance of being male or female in terms of individual susceptibility to risk communication and subsequent vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak? WP4: Based on insight and knowledge generated in WPs 1 and 2, what recommendations can we offer national and local governments and health institutions on enhancing their risk communication strategies to curb pandemic outbreaks? WP5: Enhance health risk communication strategies across five European countries based upon the knowledge and recommendations generated by WPs 1-4. Pre-pandemic preparedness characteristics All five countries had pandemic plans developed prior to 2020, which generally were specific to influenza pandemics but not to coronaviruses. All plans had been updated following the H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010). During the SARS (2003) and MERS (2012) outbreaks, both of which are coronaviruses, all five countries experienced few cases, with notably smaller impacts than the H1N1 epidemic (2009-2010). The UK had conducted several exercises (Exercise Cygnet in 2016, Exercise Cygnus in 2016, and Exercise Iris in 2018) to check their preparedness plans; the reports from these exercises concluded that there were gaps in preparedness for epidemic outbreaks. Germany also simulated an influenza pandemic exercise in 2007 called LÜKEX 07, to train cross-state and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007). In 2017 within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with WHO and World Bank representatives to prepare for potential future pandemics (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). Prior to COVID-19, only the UK had expert groups, notably the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), that was tasked with providing advice during emergencies. It had been used in previous emergency events (not exclusively limited to health). In contrast, none of the other countries had a similar expert advisory group in place prior to the pandemic. COVID-19 waves in 2020 All five countries experienced two waves of infection in 2020. The first wave occurred during the first half of the year and peaked after March 2020. The second wave arrived during the final quarter. Norway consistently had the lowest number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per million. Germany’s counts were neither the lowest nor the highest. Sweden, Switzerland and the UK alternated in having the highest numbers per million throughout 2020. Implementation of measures to control the spread of infection In Germany, Switzerland and the UK, health policy is the responsibility of regional states, (Länders, cantons and nations, respectively). However, there was a strong initial centralized response in all five countries to mitigate the spread of infection. Later on, country responses varied in the degree to which they were centralized or decentralized. Risk communication In all countries, a large variety of communication channels were used (press briefings, websites, social media, interviews). Digital communication channels were used extensively. Artificial intelligence was used, for example chatbots and decision support systems. Dashboards were used to provide access to and communicate data.

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Aalto, Juha, et Ari Venäläinen, dir. Climate change and forest management affect forest fire risk in Fennoscandia. Finnish Meteorological Institute, juin 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361355.

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Forest and wildland fires are a natural part of ecosystems worldwide, but large fires in particular can cause societal, economic and ecological disruption. Fires are an important source of greenhouse gases and black carbon that can further amplify and accelerate climate change. In recent years, large forest fires in Sweden demonstrate that the issue should also be considered in other parts of Fennoscandia. This final report of the project “Forest fires in Fennoscandia under changing climate and forest cover (IBA ForestFires)” funded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, synthesises current knowledge of the occurrence, monitoring, modelling and suppression of forest fires in Fennoscandia. The report also focuses on elaborating the role of forest fires as a source of black carbon (BC) emissions over the Arctic and discussing the importance of international collaboration in tackling forest fires. The report explains the factors regulating fire ignition, spread and intensity in Fennoscandian conditions. It highlights that the climate in Fennoscandia is characterised by large inter-annual variability, which is reflected in forest fire risk. Here, the majority of forest fires are caused by human activities such as careless handling of fire and ignitions related to forest harvesting. In addition to weather and climate, fuel characteristics in forests influence fire ignition, intensity and spread. In the report, long-term fire statistics are presented for Finland, Sweden and the Republic of Karelia. The statistics indicate that the amount of annually burnt forest has decreased in Fennoscandia. However, with the exception of recent large fires in Sweden, during the past 25 years the annually burnt area and number of fires have been fairly stable, which is mainly due to effective fire mitigation. Land surface models were used to investigate how climate change and forest management can influence forest fires in the future. The simulations were conducted using different regional climate models and greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Simulations, extending to 2100, indicate that forest fire risk is likely to increase over the coming decades. The report also highlights that globally, forest fires are a significant source of BC in the Arctic, having adverse health effects and further amplifying climate warming. However, simulations made using an atmospheric dispersion model indicate that the impact of forest fires in Fennoscandia on the environment and air quality is relatively minor and highly seasonal. Efficient forest fire mitigation requires the development of forest fire detection tools including satellites and drones, high spatial resolution modelling of fire risk and fire spreading that account for detailed terrain and weather information. Moreover, increasing the general preparedness and operational efficiency of firefighting is highly important. Forest fires are a large challenge requiring multidisciplinary research and close cooperation between the various administrative operators, e.g. rescue services, weather services, forest organisations and forest owners is required at both the national and international level.

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Arora, Sanjana, Hulda Mjöll Gunnarsdottir et Kristin Sørung Scharffscher. Gendered dimensions of the COVID-19 Pandemic. University of Stavanger, novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.255.

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This report forms part of the deliverables produced by the international research project Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak (PAN-FIGHT), funded by the Norwegian Research Council. It provides an overview of project findings pertaining the gender dimensions of the pandemic, with a particular focus on risk perceptions, compliance and vulnerability. The COVID-19 pandemic has reiterated that the impacts of a crisis are not homogenous. Gender, which encapsulates both biological and socio-cultural ways of being, plays a role in how crises are experienced. This is evidenced by the health, economic as well as societal consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic which have affected women and men, girls and boys differently. Knowledge about gendered implications of the pandemic is thus vital for designing equitable policy responses. This report draws on evidence from former research as well as on findings from an online survey conducted as part of the project’s data collection in 2021. The survey, reaching out to respondents in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, investigated public risk perceptions, reactions to governmental of risk communication about COVID-19, compliance with governmental restrictions and risk mitigation measures and vulnerability during the pandemic (N=4206).

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Rahmé, Marianne, et Alex Walsh. Corruption Challenges and Responses in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Institute of Development Studies, janvier 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.093.

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The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) consistently scores in the lowest rungs of global indexes on corruption, integrity and wider governance standards. Indeed, corruption of different sorts pervades public and corporate life, with strong ramifications for human development. Although the DRC is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of natural resources, its people are among the globe’s poorest.Corruption in the extractive industries (minerals and oil) is particularly problematic in terms of scale and its centrality to a political economy that maintains elites and preserves the highly inequitable outcomes for the majority. The politico-economic elites of the DRC, such as former President Joseph Kabila, are reportedly significant perpetrators but multinationals seeking valuable minerals or offering financial services are also allegedly deeply involved. Corruption is therefore a problem with national and international roots.Despite national and international initiatives, levels of corruption have proven very stubborn for at least the last 20 years, for various reasons. It is a structural and not just a legal issue. It is deeply entrenched in the country’s political economy and is driven both by domestic clientelism and the fact that multinationals buy into corrupt deals. This rapid review therefore seeks to find out the Corruption challenges and responses in the Democratic Republic of Congo.Grand level corruption shades down into the meso-level, where for instance, mineral laden trucks are systematically under-weighted with the collusion of state officials. With severe shortfalls in public funding, certain public services, such as education, are supported by informal payments. Other instances of petty corruption facilitate daily access to goods and services. At this level, there are arguments against counting such practices as forms of corruption and instead as necessary survival practices.To address the challenge of corruption, the DRC is equipped with a legal system that is of mixed strengths and an institutional arsenal that has made limited progress. International programming in integrity and anti-corruption represents a significant proportion of support to the DRC but much less than humanitarian and governance sectors. The leading international partners in this regard are the EU, US, UNDP, UK, African Development Bank, Germany and Sweden. These partners conduct integrity programming in general governance issues, as well as in the mineral and forest sectors.The sources used in this rapid review are gender blind and converge on a very negative picture The literature ranges from the academic and practitioner to the journalistic and investigative, and taken as a whole, is of good quality, drawing on different types of evidence including perceptions and qualitative in-country research. The sources are mostly in English with two in French.

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Motel-Klingebiel, Andreas, et Gerhard Naegele. Exclusion and inequality in late working life in the political context of the EU. Linköping University Electronic Press, novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/9789179293215.

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European societies need to increase the participation in work over the life course to support the provision of qualified labour and to meet the challenges for social security systems under the condition of their ageing populations. One of the key ambitions is to extend people’s working lives and to postpone labour market exit and retirement where possible. This requires informed policies, and the research programme EIWO – ‘Exclusion and Inequality in Late Working Life: Evidence for Policy Innovation towards Inclusive Extended Work and Sustainable Working Conditions in Sweden and Europe’ – aims to push the boundaries of knowledge about late working life and the potential of its inclusive and equal prolongation via a theoretically driven, gender-sensitive combination of multi-level perspectives. EIWO takes a life course approach on exclusion and inequality by security of tenure, quality of work, workplaces, and their consequences. It identifies life course policies, promoting lifelong learning processes and flexible adaptation to prolong working lives and to avoid increased exclusion and inequality. Moreover, it provides evidence for policies to ensure both individual, company and societal benefits from longer lives. To do so, EIWO orientates its analyses systematically to the macro-political contexts at the European Union level and to the policy goals expressed in the respective official statements, reports and plans. This report systematizes this ambitious approach. Relevant documents such as reports, green books and other publications of the European Commission (EC), the European Parliament (EP), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), as well as those of social partners and research institutions, have been systematically scanned and evaluated. In addition, relevant decisions of European summits have been considered. The selection of documents claims completeness regarding relevant and generally available publication, while relevance is defined from the point of view of EIWO’s interests. It is the aim of this report to provide a sound knowledge base for EIWO’s analyses and impact strategies and to contribute to the emerging research on the connection between population ageing and the European policies towards productivity, inclusiveness, equity, resilience and sustainability. This report aims to answer the following questions: How are EIWO’s conceptual classification and programme objectives reflected in the European Union’s policy programming? How can EIWO’s analyses and impact benefit from a reference to current EU policy considerations, and how does this focus support the outline of policy options and the formulating of possible proposals to Swedish and European stakeholders? The present report was written during early 2022; analyses were finalized in February 2022 and represent the status until this date.

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Werny, Rafaela, Marie Reich, Miranda Leontowitsch et Frank Oswald. EQualCare Policy Report Germany : Alone but connected ? Digital (in)equalities in care work and generational relationships among older people living alone. Frankfurter Forum für interdisziplinäre Alternsforschung, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, octobre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.69905.

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The policy review is part of the project EQualCare: Alone but connected? Digital (in)equalities in care work and generational relationships among older people living alone, a three-year international project involving four countries: Finland, Germany, Latvia and Sweden. EQualCare interrogates inequalities by gender, cultural and socio-economic background between countries, with their different demographics and policy backgrounds. As a first step into empirical analysis, the policy review aims to set the stage for a better understanding of, and policy development on, the intersections of digitalisation with intergenerational care work and care relationships of older people living alone in Germany. The policy review follows a critical approach, in which the problems policy documents address are not considered objective entities, but rather discursively produced knowledge that renders visible some parts of the problem which is to be solved as other possible perspectives are simultaneously excluded. Twenty publicly available documents were studied to analyse the processes in which definitions of care work and digital (in)equalities are circulated, translated and negotiated between the different levels of national government, regional governments and municipalities as well as other agencies in Germany. The policy review consists of two parts: a background chapter providing information on the social structure of Germany, including the historical development of Germany after the Second World War, its political structure, information on the demographic situation with a focus on the 60+ age group, and the income of this age group. In addition, the background presents the structure of work and welfare, the organisation of care for old people, and the state of digitalisation in Germany. The analysis chapter includes a description of the method used as well as an overview of the documents chosen and analysed. The focus of this chapter is on the analysis of official documents that deal with the interplay of living alone in old age, care, and digitalisation. The analysis identified four themes: firstly, ageing is framed largely as a challenge to society, whereas digitalisation is framed as a potential way to tackle social challenges, such as an ageing society. Secondly, challenges of ageing, such as need of care, are set at the individual level, requiring people to organise their care within their own families and immediate social networks, with state support following a principle of subsidiarity. Thirdly, voluntary peer support provides the basis for addressing digital support needs and strategies. Publications by lobby organisations highlight the important work done by voluntary peer support for digital training and the benefits this approach has; they also draw attention to the over-reliance on this form of unpaid support and call for an increase in professional support in ensuring all older people are supported in digital life. Fourthly, ageing as a hinderance to participation in digital life is seen as an interim challenge among younger old people already online.

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Tyson, Paul. Sovereignty and Biosecurity : Can we prevent ius from disappearing into dominium ? Mέta | Centre for Postcapitalist Civilisation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55405/mwp3en.

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Drawing on Milbank and Agamben, a politico-juridical anthropology matrix can be drawn describing the relations between ius and bios (justice and political life) on the one hand and dominium and zoe (private power and ‘bare life’) on the other hand. Mapping movements in the basic configurations of this matrix over the long sweep of Western cultural history enable us to see where we are currently situated in relation to the nexus between politico-juridical authority (sovereignty) and the emergency use of executive State powers in the context of biosecurity. The argument presented is that pre-19th century understandings of ius and bios presupposed transcendent categories of Justice and the Common Good that were not naturalistically defined. The very recent idea of a purely naturalistic naturalism has made distinctions between bios and zoe un-locatable and civic ius is now disappearing into a strangely ‘private’ total power (dominium) over the bodies of citizens, as exercised by the State. The very meaning of politico-juridical authority and the sovereignty of the State is undergoing radical change when viewed from a long perspective. This paper suggests that the ancient distinction between power and authority is becoming meaningless, and that this loss erodes the ideas of justice and political life in the Western tradition. Early modern capitalism still retained at least the theory of a Providential moral order, but since the late 19th century, morality has become fully naturalized and secularized, such that what moral categories Classical economics had have been radically instrumentalized since. In the postcapitalist neoliberal world order, no high horizon of just power –no spiritual conception of sovereignty– remains. The paper argues that the reduction of authority to power, which flows from the absence of any traditional conception of sovereignty, is happening with particular ease in Australia, and that in Australia it is only the Indigenous attempt to have their prior sovereignty –as a spiritual reality– recognized that is pushing back against the collapse of political authority into mere executive power.

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