Thèses : « Economics – Russia »

1

Safavian, Mehnaz S. « Corruption and microenterprises in Russia / ». The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486398528558962.

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2

Nikitina, Tatjana. « Banking System in Russia : Problems and Perspectives ». Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6871/.

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3

Ledeneva, Alena V. « Formal institutions and informal networks in Russia : a study of blat ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286427.

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4

Nikitina, Tatjana, et Anna Repeta. « Modern trends in the institutional investing in Russia ». Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/5846/.

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In this article we analyse main tendencies and trends driving institutional investing in Russia nowadays. Russian specifics of institutional investors market is that historically banks played key role and thus became the largest intermediaries in the financial system. Other institutional investors being insurance companies, pension funds and other mutual funds are still in development stage and have extensive opportunities to grow. However, total assets of non-bank institutional investors in Russia are still lagging behind those of banking sector and, therefore, banks are powerful institutional investors.

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5

Friedman, Renee Nadine. « A comparative study of regional economic strategy and industrial policy in Russia 1990-1999 ». Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248238.

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6

Kauffmann, Albrecht. « Structural change during transition : Is Russia becoming a service economy ? » Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1430/.

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This paper analyses the structural change in Russia during the transition from the planned to a market economy. With regard to the famous three sector hypothesis, broad economic sectors were formed as required by this theory. The computation of their shares at GNP at market prices using Input-Output tables, and the adjustment of results from distortions, generated as side effects of tax avoidance practices, shows results that clearly reject claims that Russia would be on the road to a post-industrial service economy. Instead, at least until 2001, a tendency of "primarisation" could be observed, that presents Russia closer to less-developed countries.

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7

Plekhanov, Alexander. « Essays on the political economics of fiscal federalism in Russia ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614008.

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8

Kauffmann, Albrecht. « Transport costs and the size of cities : the case of Russia ». Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1620/.

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Real costs of freight transportation have strong increased in Russia particularly during the period of price liberalization 1992–93. This paper investigates possible connections between rising transport costs and the evolution of the size structure of the system of cities in the Russian Federation and its federal subjects. Empirical findings suggest that under conditions of a closed system agglomeration processes according to the predictions of the model of Tabuchi et al. (2005) would have taken place especially in the periphere regions of the North and Far East.

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9

Alexeev, Alexandr Ivanovich, Maria Sergeevna Savoskul, Yuriy Alexeevich Simagin, Natalia Vladimirovna Shabalina, Yuriy Vasilevich Porosenkov, Olga Valerievna Didenko, Anatoliy Emanuilovich Krupko et al. « The socio-economic transformation of rural areas in Russia and Moldava ». Universität Potsdam, 2003. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5309/.

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10

Petersen, Hans-Georg. « International experience with alternative forms of social protection : lessons for the reform process in Russia ». Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/899/.

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Contents:

Targets, Means and Benefits of Social Protection
Standard Risks and Possible Institutional Settings for Social Protection
-Market Structure for Pension and Health Insurance
-Systems of Social Protection and Security
-Replacement Ratios and Income Taxation

Social Protection in Selected European Countries: Germany, Austria, The Netherlands, United Kingdom
-Pension System
-Health System
-Unemployment Insurance
-Accident Insurance
-Basic Security System
-Taxation of Wages and Profits
The Overall Burden of Taxes and Social Protection Expenses

Necessary Reforms, Lessons for Russia and a Basic Approach for a Blueprint
-Basic Features of the Reform Process
-Reforms within the Branches of Social Protection
-Integrated Tax and Transfer Reform
-Empirical Evaluation of Tax and Transfer Reforms

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11

Ferreira, Ana Bárbara Monteiro. « A transição pós-soviética da Rússia : da instabilidade à afirmação como BRIC ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11017.

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Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação Internacional
Vinte anos decorridos desde a dissolução da União Soviética e a consequente aplicação de políticas de ajustamento estrutural, é importante tentar compreender o processo pelo qual estes países passaram e aquilo que se pode retirar desta experiência, considerada em geral um fracasso da aplicação das políticas do Washington Consensus. O caso aqui estudado é o da Rússia, não um caso representativo e paradigmático de uma economia de transição, mas exactamente por isso interessante. Após ter passado por uma grave recessão transicional, trata-se do único dos 15 países que conseguiu recuperar e atingir elevados níveis de crescimento económico. Tendo como objectivo tentar compreender as especificidades que levaram a este trajecto, é nesta dissertação feita uma análise destas duas décadas, com base na abordagem e contraposição dos modelos teóricos de transição - o Washington Consensus e a Perspectiva Evolucionária-Institucionalista - e na economia institucional: a implementação das reformas, cujas limitações reforçam a perspectiva institucionalista, e as suas consequências; a crise de 1998, considerada "ponto de viragem"; e o período de recuperação, desde 1999 até à crise actual, destacando-se o contributo e dependência dos recursos energéticos para o forte crescimento mas também para a vulnerabilidade.
Twenty years after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the consequent implementation of structural adjustment policies, it is important to understand the process these countries went through and what can be learnt from that experience, usually considered a failure of the Washington Consensus' policies. The case study here presented is that of Russia's, an interesting case for not being representative, or a paradigm, of a transition economy. After going through a serious transitional recession, it became the one out of the 15 countries that was able to recover and achieve high economic growth rates. Aiming to understand the specificities that lead to this path, this dissertation consists in an analysis of these two decades, based on an approach and comparison of the two theoretical transition models - the Washington Consensus and the Evolutionary-Institutionalist Perspective - and on institutional economics: the implementation of the reforms and their shortcomings, strengthening the institutionalist perspective, and their consequences; the 1998 crisis, considered the "turning point"; and the recovery period, from 1999 to the current crisis, highlighting the contribute and dependence on energetic resources for both strong economic growth and vulnerability

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12

Barnett, Vincent. « At the margins of the market : conceptions of the market and market economics in Soviet economic theory during the new economic policy, 1921-1929 ». Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1992. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2162/.

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The period of the New Economic Policy was a time when the Bolshevik government was forced to reconsider its attitude towards the market, as NEP involved the introduction of market elements into Soviet society. This thesis is a comparative study of eleven Soviet economic theorists from this period; Bukharin, Preobrazhenskii, Strumilin, Bazarov, Groman, Kondrat'ev, Oparin, Sokol'nikov, Yurovskii, Chayanov, and Blyumin. It asks two basic questions: how did each theorist conceive of the market, and how did they relate this conception to socialism? The primary source material used is the works of these theorists, and in many cases this material has not been previously discussed by scholars. A theoretical framework places these conceptions into a historical context. The basic result obtained is that there were many diverse conceptions of the market prevalent in this period. The bulk of the thesis investigates these various conceptions, and suggests that their theoretical roots lie in various currents of economic thought: classical, neo-classical, Marxist, and socialist. During NEP these currents were allowed to mix freely to a certain extent, although pressure to censor them began to build towards the end of the 1920s.

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13

Nikitin, Sergei. « Investment Climate Parameters In Transition Economies : The Case Of Russia ». Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1133529/index.pdf.

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This thesis incorporates institutional definition of the economies in transition into the economic analysis of the investment variable. Probability environment of the real world is another point of analysis. Decision-making framework is analyzed and incorporated into analysis as well. Thesis tries to answer questions such as: Why same projects are treated differently in different circumstances. Finally the Russian experience is investigated and used to prove hypothesis about investment climate parameters and to give examples of investment into institutional matrix.

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14

Hjeds, Löfmark Monika. « Essays on transition ». Doctoral thesis, Växjö universitet, Ekonomihögskolan, EHV, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2238.

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Transition Economics focuses on the transformation of a socialist economic system to market economy, which is of interest both because of its policy relevance and its importance to economic theory. As transition was one of the most important economic events of the last century, the study of Transition Economy may help us to understand the difficulties, surprises, and obstacles when a society undergoes profound change. Moreover, it may develop our knowledge of the capitalist economic system and its institutions. The dissertation consists of two different topics within Transition Economics. The first three papers, based on three different data sets, focus on various aspects of the Russian labour market. Theses papers include analyses about the ways people search for work, how unemployment duration is affected by different characteristics, but also how people divide the time outside the paid labour market. This may provide new insights on the Russian labour market, and hopefully also deepen our understanding of labour markets in general. The fourth paper, based on a fourth data set, takes a macro perspective and is concerned with transition and terrorism. It has been claimed that with new democracies, an increased risk of terrorism follows. Therefore, in the final paper, the potential connection between terrorism and transitional progress is analysed.

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15

Yashkin, Arseniy Pavlovich. « The Dynamics of Alcohol Consumption in the Russian Federation : Implications of Using Price Related Policies to Control Alcohol Use ». Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4968.

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This dissertation models the dynamics of alcohol use in the Russian Federation with an emphasis on identifying policy implications most likely to be effective at controlling alcohol use. Utilizing data from The Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, models of alcohol consumption are estimated using both myopic and rational specifications via ordinary least squares, fixed effects two stage least squares and, the focus of this study, two-step system generalized method of moments. Alcohol consumption is studied both as a composite good and as a distinct beverage category (wine, beer, and hard liquor). Furthermore, equations stratified by gender and rural status are included to better identify effects specific to relevant subgroups of the sample. Strong evidence of myopic addiction in both the overall sample and the stratified subgroups are identified. Even so, alcohol does seem to follow the law of demand within the myopic specification indicating that consumers will still react to changes in price. No evidence for rational addiction is found in either the complete sample or its subgroups. Results from the sample subgroups (male/female, urban/rural) were consistent with the overall pattern observed in the full sample, but differed in magnitude. This would suggest that, although alcohol consumption in individuals is affected by similar factors, regardless of gender or geography, the extent to which these individuals are affected differs. This reality would lend credence to "targeted" public health interventions for specific subgroups of individuals, rather than a one size fits all approach.

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16

Guluzian, Christine Rachel. « State policies towards foreign Investment in the energy sector : a comparative study of Russia and Kazakhstan, 1991-2011 ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:424ddfef-8539-4661-93fa-88c3f4eeb362.

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During the transition era, economic resurgence in post-Soviet petro-states, such as Russia and Kazakhstan, was decisively fuelled by an abundance of oil and gas resources during a time of high and long-sustained demand for hydrocarbons in the world market. Thus, these states' energy sectors acted as the cornerstone of their post-Soviet economic and political development. However, in regard to foreign investment in their energy sectors, the governments of the different former Soviet states took strikingly different approaches: Russia for instance imposed restrictions on foreign economic groups, while Kazakhstan was more receptive to foreign investment in the sector. Given their shared economic and political background in the Soviet era discovering what accounts for this policy trend helps understand the divergence in the transition experience and more deeply rooted differences. This policy-oriented study examines perceptions, chiefly by interviews, and foreign investment strategies in the energy sector. It assesses institutional, economic and social background factors shaping perception and, to the degree that it can be determined, policy-making in post-Soviet Russia and Kazakhstan.

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17

Khrennikova, Polina. « A company's image in different countries : A case study about IKEA in Sweden and Russia ». Thesis, Växjö University, School of Management and Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-422.

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18

Morkovine, Daniel. « Politically Connected Firms : A Novel Channel for the Political Business Cycle in Putin’s Russia ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1485.

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This paper tests whether politically connected firms in Putin’s Russia are a channel for the political business cycle. Given the widespread corruption and crony capitalism that exists in Russia, it is likely that federal and regional politicians may need to buy the electoral support of powerful, connected firms in order to win elections. Using panel data of approximately 60,000 Russian firms comprising an estimated 62 percent of GDP per year from 2003-2011, I find that federally connected firms are significantly more productive in federal election years. If these cycles in firm productivity are caused by electoral favors from politicians, this not only further corrupts Russia’s political landscape, but it also may induce powerful firms to engage in costly political bidding wars for these connections, thus inhibiting their productivity and the overall productivity of the Russian economy.

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19

Semykoz, Mariia M. « The "Neo‐Oligarchical" Ownership Regime in Putin's Russia : Implications for Oil Sector ». Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1343060056.

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20

Hendrix, Leigh E. « Russian Energy Policy : Exploring the Efficacy of a Resource‐Dependent Economy and Foreign Policy ». Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1242245813.

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21

Howard, Jeff S. « The effective use of the tsarist wealth by the Soviet government ». [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2002. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1113102-175520/restricted/HowardJ112502a.pdf.

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22

Groth, Emma, et Yulia Ippolitova. « How does organizational culture affect organizational and individual trust ? - Actiona Group in Russia ». Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29512.

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Aim: This study aims to explore how organizational culture affect organizational- and individual trust, and how the relationship is between the three constructs. Method: Qualitative method is used for this case study. Semi-structured interviews are conducted with ten representatives of the targeted company. Respondents hold different positions in the organization, including top- and middle managers, and line employees. The data was analyzed thematically according to the three main points of research questions such as organizational culture, organizational trust and individual trust. Results and Conclusions: Organizational culture and values are set by owners and top management of the company but are influenced by national culture. By using national culture and individual characteristics, and in lining them with organizational culture, organizations can enhance both profit and image. Employee motivation and commitment are enhanced as a result of a high level of trust. With the help of informal control, organizational trust also affects trust at an individual level. However, it is important to employ people whose values match the organizations. Suggestions for future research: This study is limited to one company in Russia. For future research, we recommend a longitudinal study of several companies to compare them overall, to find the impact of trust on each organizational culture and how it affects employees and business in the long term conditions. Another research approach could be to compare organizational cultures of the companies from different countries to investigate the advantages and differences of factors of success. Contribution of the thesis: The main contribution is that certain organizational culture affects trust in the organization. Development of trust as a part of organizational internal culture provides certain benefits such as efficiency, innovation, results, motivation and commitment. Trust as a part of organizational culture provides a foundation that enables the organization to develop and adapt to the market. It is important to recruit people with similar values as the company to be able to develop the desired organizational culture. Keywords: Organizational culture, national culture, organizational trust, individual trust, control, motivation, work efficiency, satisfaction, recruitment.

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23

Böhme, Dimo. « EU-Russia energy relations : What chance for solutions ? : A focus on the natural gas sector ». Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/6302/.

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Public debate about energy relations between the EU and Russia is distorted. These distortions present considerable obstacles to the development of true partnership. At the core of the conflict is a struggle for resource rents between energy producing, energy consuming and transit countries. Supposed secondary aspects, however, are also of great importance. They comprise of geopolitics, market access, economic development and state sovereignty. The European Union, having engaged in energy market liberalisation, faces a widening gap between declining domestic resources and continuously growing energy demand. Diverse interests inside the EU prevent the definition of a coherent and respected energy policy. Russia, for its part, is no longer willing to subsidise its neighbouring economies by cheap energy exports. The Russian government engages in assertive policies pursuing Russian interests. In so far, it opts for a different globalisation approach, refusing the role of mere energy exporter. In view of the intensifying struggle for global resources, Russia, with its large energy potential, appears to be a very favourable option for European energy supplies, if not the best one. However, several outcomes of the strategic game between the two partners can be imagined. Engaging in non-cooperative strategies will in the end leave all stakeholders worse-off. The European Union should therefore concentrate on securing its partnership with Russia instead of damaging it. Stable cooperation would need the acceptance that the partner may pursue his own goals, which might be different from one’s own interests. The question is, how can a sustainable compromise be found? This thesis finds that a mix of continued dialogue, a tit for tat approach bolstered by an international institutional framework and increased integration efforts appears as a preferable solution.
Die öffentliche Debatte über die Energiebeziehungen Russlands und der EU ist verzerrt. Diese Verzerrungen verhindern die Entwicklung einer wirklichen Energiepartnerschaft. Kern des Konflikts ist ein Kampf um Rohstoffrenten zwischen Energie produzierenden, Energie konsumierenden und Transitstaaten. Dabei sind scheinbar nebensächliche Aspekte wie geopolitische Überlegungen, Marktzutrittsbedingungen, wirtschaftliche Entwicklung und staatliche Souveränität, die kaum Beachtung finden, von umso größerer Bedeutung. Die EU, die ihre Energiemärkte liberalisiert, sieht sich einer wachsenden Lücke zwischen abnehmenden eigenen Ressourcen und stetig steigender Energienachfrage gegenüber. Vielfältige Interessen innerhalb der Union verhindern die Definition einer kohärenten und allgemein akzeptierten Energiepolitik. Russland seinerseits ist nicht länger gewillt, die Volkswirtschaften seiner Nachbarstaaten mit billigen Energieexporten zu subventionieren. Die russische Regierung verfolgt russische Interessen, und tut dies durchaus mit Nachdruck. Insofern, als dass sie für Russland selbst mehr als die Rolle eines bloßen Energieexporteurs wünscht, verfolgt sie auch eine eigene Herangehensweise an die Globalisierung. Vor dem Hintergrund des zunehmenden globalen Wettstreits um Ressourcen erscheint Russland mit seinem großen Energiepotential als sehr vorteilhafte, wenn nicht sogar die beste Option für die europäische Energieversorgung. In einem solchen strategischen Spiel der beiden Partner sind grundsätzlich verschiedene Ergebnisse vorstellbar. Wählen beide nichtkooperative Strategien, so verlieren letztlich alle Beteiligten. Die EU sollte sich deshalb darauf konzentrieren, ihre Partnerschaft mit Russland zu intensivieren, anstatt sie zu beschädigen. Eine verlässliche Kooperation setzt dabei die Akzeptanz voraus, dass der Partner seine eigenen Ziele verfolgt, die durchaus verschieden von EU-Interessen sein können. Die Frage ist, wie ein dauerhaft tragfähiger Kompromiss gefunden werden kann. Diese Arbeit argumentiert im Sinne einer Kombination aus fortgeführtem Dialog, einer tit-for-tat Strategie, die von einem internationalen institutionellen Rahmenwerk begleitet wird sowie verstärkten Integrationsbemühungen.

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24

Böhme, Dimo. « EU-Russia energy relations : What chance for solutions ? : A focus on the natural gas sector ». Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5021/.

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Public debate about energy relations between the EU and Russia is distorted. These distortions present considerable obstacles to the development of true partnership. At the core of the conflict is a struggle for resource rents between energy producing, energy consuming and transit countries. Supposed secondary aspects, however, are also of great importance. They comprise of geopolitics, market access, economic development and state sovereignty. The European Union, having engaged in energy market liberalisation, faces a widening gap between declining domestic resources and continuously growing energy demand. Diverse interests inside the EU prevent the definition of a coherent and respected energy policy. Russia, for its part, is no longer willing to subsidise its neighbouring economies by cheap energy exports. The Russian government engages in assertive policies pursuing Russian interests. In so far, it opts for a different globalisation approach, refusing the role of mere energy exporter. In view of the intensifying struggle for global resources, Russia, with its large energy potential, appears to be a very favourable option for European energy supplies, if not the best one. However, several outcomes of the strategic game between the two partners can be imagined. Engaging in non-cooperative strategies will in the end leave all stakeholders worse-off. The European Union should therefore concentrate on securing its partnership with Russia instead of damaging it. Stable cooperation would need the acceptance that the partner may pursue his own goals, which might be different from one’s own interests. The question is, how can a sustainable compromise be found? This thesis finds that a mix of continued dialogue, a tit for tat approach bolstered by an international institutional framework and increased integration efforts appears as a preferable solution.
Die öffentliche Debatte über die Energiebeziehungen Russlands und der EU ist verzerrt. Diese Verzerrungen verhindern die Entwicklung einer wirklichen Energiepartnerschaft. Kern des Konflikts ist ein Kampf um Rohstoffrenten zwischen Energie produzierenden, Energie konsumierenden und Transitstaaten. Dabei sind scheinbar nebensächliche Aspekte wie geopolitische Überlegungen, Marktzutrittsbedingungen, wirtschaftliche Entwicklung und staatliche Souveränität, die kaum Beachtung finden, von umso größerer Bedeutung. Die EU, die ihre Energiemärkte liberalisiert, sieht sich einer wachsenden Lücke zwischen abnehmenden eigenen Ressourcen und stetig steigender Energienachfrage gegenüber. Vielfältige Interessen innerhalb der Union verhindern die Definition einer kohärenten und allgemein akzeptierten Energiepolitik. Russland seinerseits ist nicht länger gewillt, die Volkswirtschaften seiner Nachbarstaaten mit billigen Energieexporten zu subventionieren. Die russische Regierung verfolgt russische Interessen, und tut dies durchaus mit Nachdruck. Insofern, als dass sie für Russland selbst mehr als die Rolle eines bloßen Energieexporteurs wünscht, verfolgt sie auch eine eigene Herangehensweise an die Globalisierung. Vor dem Hintergrund des zunehmenden globalen Wettstreits um Ressourcen erscheint Russland mit seinem großen Energiepotential als sehr vorteilhafte, wenn nicht sogar die beste Option für die europäische Energieversorgung. In einem solchen strategischen Spiel der beiden Partner sind grundsätzlich verschiedene Ergebnisse vorstellbar. Wählen beide nichtkooperative Strategien, so verlieren letztlich alle Beteiligten. Die EU sollte sich deshalb darauf konzentrieren, ihre Partnerschaft mit Russland zu intensivieren, anstatt sie zu beschädigen. Eine verlässliche Kooperation setzt dabei die Akzeptanz voraus, dass der Partner seine eigenen Ziele verfolgt, die durchaus verschieden von EU-Interessen sein können. Die Frage ist, wie ein dauerhaft tragfähiger Kompromiss gefunden werden kann. Diese Arbeit argumentiert im Sinne einer Kombination aus fortgeführtem Dialog, einer tit-for-tat Strategie, die von einem internationalen institutionellen Rahmenwerk begleitet wird sowie verstärkten Integrationsbemühungen.

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25

Karasseva, Olga. « Enjeux et perspectives du partenariat entre la Russie et l'UE : Institutionnalisation des relations et échanges économiques ». Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0022.

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L’intérêt à l’égard des relations économiques entre la Russie et l’Union européenne s’est accentué au cours des années 2000. L’interdépendance économique accrue entre les deux partenaires témoigne de l’importance de cette relation et justifie l’intérêt tant pour son architecture institutionnelle que pour ses conséquences de long terme. Notre démarche consiste à interroger la façon dont ce partenariat se construit sur la base des nouvelles propriétés convergentes entre la Russie et de l’Europe. Cela nous permet de mieux caractériser le rapport entre l’architecture institutionnelle et la dynamique « de facto » des échanges économiques au sein de ce partenariat qui, lui, tient compte de l’évolution des besoins économiques internes des deux partenaires. On est ramenés donc ici à aborder la question du développement économique interne de la Russie. Traiter ce dernier aspect à la lumière de l’évolution des relations Russie-Europe, en particulier à un moment où celles-ci sont grevées par l’hypothèque énergétique et des divergences d’ordre politique, peut paraître paradoxal. Toutefois, la prise en compte de la configuration de ces relations semble être pertinente à plus d’un titre et permet de constater que les échanges économiques entre l’UE et la Russie constituent la première étape d’un processus inéluctable de réalisation des objectifs de développement de long terme des deux partenaires. Les enjeux sont donc manifestes tant pour l’avenir de l’Europe que pour celui de la Russie. Largement lié à la question énergétique, ce partenariat est accompagné d’une ambition originale qui rappelle le vieux rêve d’une Eurasie fondée sur la relation de deux entités à vocation fédérale. Cependant, la forme même que prendrait cette Eurasie ainsi que ses limites posent problème. Ainsi, notre travail interroge la nature de ce modèle inédit de relations internationales, qui aurait la grande originalité de reposer exclusivement sur un équilibre institutionnel. Aussi, nous nous intéressons à la pertinence du qualificatif « partenariat » que l’on a l’habitude d’attribuer aux relations Russie-UE, pour voir s’il n’est pas plus approprié de parler d’une union politique régionale comme solution alternative à la globalisation. Enfin, ce travail entend fournir un cadre méthodologique original nécessaire à l’étude des relations particulières entre la Russie et l’Union européenne dans une perspective dynamique
The interest regarding economic links between Russia and The European Union has considerably increased during the 2000s. The greater economic interdependence between the two partners is a sign of the importance of this relationship and justifies such an interest as much in its institutional architecture as in the long-term consequences. Our approach is to question the way this partnership is being built, based on new common assets between Russia and Europe. This allow us to better characterise the rapport between institutional architecture and the ‘de facto’ economic exchanges within this partnership, that take into account the evolution of domestic economic needs of both partners. The leads us, therefore, to address the question of Russian domestic economic development. Treating this last aspect in the light of the evolution of Russian-European relationships, particularly at a time when they are strained by the energy hypothesis and divergences of a political order, may seem paradoxical. However, examining the shaping of these relationships seems pertinent for several reasons and enables us to conclude that economic exchanges between the EU and Russia are the first stage in the necessary process towards achieving both partners’ long-term development goals. The stakes are apparent for the future of both Europe and Russia. Strongly linked to the energy question, this partnership is accompanied by an original ambition reminiscent of the old Eurasian dream, founded on the relationship between two entities with a federal vocation. However, the shape that this Eurasia might take, and its limits, pose a problem. Thus, our work questions the nature of this new model of international relations, which would be very original, based exclusively on an institutional equilibrium. We are also interested in the pertinence of the term ‘partnership’ that we tend to use to define Russian-EU relationships, to see if it might not be more appropriate to talk about a regional political union as an alternative solution to globalisation. Lastly, this study intends to propose an original methodical framework necessary for studying specific relationships between Russia and the European Union with a perspective for growth

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Blomberg, Camilla. « Commercial and Consumer Credit in Russia : A case study and comparative analysis of five international companies ». Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-284.

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Consumer credit has become increasingly popular in Russia over the past few years. With the rapid growth of lending to individuals and companies, the need for accumulation of credit histories and information, collection services of bad debts, and credit insurance and financing also become of increased importance.

It was found in this thesis that the larger credit limit given to corporate clients, the greater will the loss be if there is a default and the money cannot be collected. Giving credit to a small number of customers also increases the concentration of the risk.

The opportunity to diversify in consumer credit is, however, limited because of the geo-graphic concentration of the customers, and the macro economic risk cannot be elimi-nated. Credit periods in consumer credit are in general longer, leading to higher uncertainty of payment and hence higher exposure to risk. Personal relationships are not established with customers in consumer credit, which are argued to act as “insurances” in corporate credit.

Consumer credit is more common among international companies, leading to better offers and more flexibility in the service. Insurers of corporate credit have a restrictive policy with higher premiums and more administrative work, which is less attractive for companies to take on. Creditors also have to share the risk with insurance companies, often having to pay more than 15 percent of a default.

With respect to what was mentioned above, it was concluded in this thesis that the risk of giving credit to individuals does not necessary have to be higher than that of corporate cli-ents, but that the terms of the contract is more favourable for the creditor in consumer credit.

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Matranga, Andrea. « Three essays on the economics of nomads and settlers ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/420877.

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This thesis looks at the interplay of nomadism and settlement in two different periods of history. In the first two chapters I develop a theory for the Neolithic Revolution, the transition form nomadic hunting and gathering to settled agriculture. I argue that an exogenous increase in climate seasonality made our ancestors become sedentary in order to store food. Once sedentary, inventing agriculture was only a matter of time. In the first chapter I construct a model encapsulating this intuition, and in the second I test empirically the predictions of the model. In the third chapter, I instead argue that Russia introduced serfdom the 16th century in order defend against slave raids from their nomadic neighbors to the south. If labor had remained free, the population would have clustered around the most fertile areas, leaving less productive areas undefended, and thus vulnerable to the raids.
Aquesta tesi estudia la interacció entre nomadisme i sedentarisme en dos periodes diferents de la història. En els dos primers capítols desenvolupo una teoria sobre la Revolució Neolítica, la transició de la caça nòmada i la recol·lecció a l'agricultura sedentària. Defenso que un increment de l'impacte de l'estacionalitat climática va fer que els nostres avantpassats es tornessin sedentaris amb la finalitat de poder emmagatzemar menjar. Un cop sedentaris, la invenció de l'agricultura era només una qüestió de temps. En el primer capítol construeixo un model que captura aquesta intuició, en el segon provo les prediccions del model de manera empírica. En el tercer argumento que Rússia va adoptar la servitud durant el segle XVI per tal de defensar-se contra les ràtzies esclavistes dels seus veïns nomàdics del sud. Si no s'hagués introduït la servitud, i la mà d'obra hagués romàs lliure, la població s'hauria agrupat al voltant de les zones més fèrtils, deixant sense defensar zones menys productives i, per tant, vulnerables a les incursions.

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Baranauskaite, Grigas Agnia. « Explaining the policies of the Baltic States towards Russia, 1994-2010 ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5811ace6-6635-44ee-b360-c4e52661ac6a.

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Despite their similar size, material resources, shared geopolitical conditions and common history, the three Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania have pursued remarkably different policies towards Russia in the 1994-2010 period. Complex patterns of differentiation are evident across issue areas and over time. Given the static structural similarities between the Baltic states, how can we explain their divergent policies towards Russia and the change in these policies over time? This puzzle informs the central research question of this study: Why did Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian foreign policies towards Russia diverge in the 1994 to 2010 period? This work analyses the foreign policy of the Baltic states using typologies based on two axes: cooperative/adversarial and pragmatic/principled. Relying primarily on the liberal approach to international relations, the theoretical framework identifies six independent variables: the left/right political orientation of the government, instrumental usage of principled policies, the ethnic factor, business interests, membership in the EU and NATO, and, finally, Moscow’s own policies. It suggests that these factors played causal roles in determining Baltic policy towards Russia. Three case studies on the oil and gas sectors, as well as historical tensions, provide the empirical evidence to trace and explain the differentiated pathways of Baltic foreign policies. The empirical analysis provides evidence to argue that due to domestic political differences Lithuania pursued the most adversarial and principled policy towards Russia. Estonia, by way of contrast, pursued cooperative and pragmatic policies regarding energy issues. On political questions, however, it maintained a principled and adversarial stance, though this was less pronounced that that of Lithuania. Finally, Latvia pursued moderately principled and relatively adversarial energy policies placing it in between Lithuania and Estonia. With regard to history, Estonia’s and particularly Latvia’s policies experienced a notable evolution from adversarial and principled to more cooperative and pragmatic policies. In sum, this work demonstrates that the typologies of Baltic policies differed across sectors and experienced both divergence and at times convergence in rhetoric if not policies.

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Kauffmann, Albrecht. « Das Städtesystem der Russischen Föderation aus Sicht der Neuen Ökonomischen Geographie ». Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4452/.

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Der Anstieg der Energiepreise kann zu einer länger anhaltenden Verteuerung von Gütertransporten führen. Welche Auswirkungen haben steigende Transportkosten auf die Entwicklung von Städtesystemen? Ein solcher Transportkostenanstieg hat in der Russischen Föderation nach der Preisliberalisierung 1992 real, d.h. in Relation zu den Preisen anderer Gütergruppen stattgefunden. Gleichzeitig stellt die Bevölkerungsstatistik der Russischen Föderation Daten bereit, mit deren Hilfe Hypothesen zur Entwicklung von Städtesystemen unter dem Einfluss steigender Transportkosten geprüft werden können. Diese Daten werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit umfassend ausgewertet. Den theoretischen Hintergrund liefert die Modellierung eines Städtesystems mit linearer Raumstruktur im Rahmen der Neuen Ökonomischen Geographie. Damit wird ein Werkzeug geschaffen, das auch auf weiträumige Städtesysteme mit ausgeprägter Bandstruktur angewendet werden kann. Die hier erstmals erfolgte ausführliche Erläuterung des zu Grunde liegenden Theorieansatzes versteht sich als Ergänzung der Standardlehrbücher der Raumwirtschaftstheorie. Die Ergebnisse der empirischen Untersuchung bestätigen die Prognose des Modells, dass in großflächigen Ländern bzw. Regionen mit Ähnlichkeit zur unterstellten Raumstruktur ein Anstieg der Transportkosten Konzentrationstendenzen in den Zentren befördert, während die peripheren Regionen zunehmend abgekoppelt werden.
The rise in energy prices may result in long-lasting rise in costs of freight transports. Which effects do rising freight transport costs have for the development of urban systems? Such rise of transport costs in real terms has happened in Russia after price liberalisation in 1992. At the same time, the Russian official demographic statistics provides data that can be used to test hypotheses concerning the development of urban systems affected by rising transport costs. In the present study, these data are comprehensively evaluated. The theoretical background is provided by modelling of a linear shaped urban system in the framework of New Economic Geography. By means of this tool, analysis can be applied to spacious urban systems with large transport distances. For the first time, the underlying theoretical approach is explained in detail. The empirical results provide evidence for the outcomes of the theoretical model: In spacious countries or regions, respectively, whose urban systems are drawn-out on long lines, rising costs of freight transport are conducive to tendencies of concentration of population in large cities in the centre of the system, while peripheral regions are increasingly disconnected.

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Reyes, Wigren Teresita, et Stacey Lobban. « How Kalmar Industries and Trelleborg AB develop their business in the emerging markets of China and Russia ». Thesis, Växjö University, School of Management and Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1513.

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ABSTRACT

Title: How Kalmar Industries and Trelleborg AB developed their business in the emerging markets of China and Russia

Background and Purpose: The world is becoming more global and companies are quick to grab hold of this opportunity to internationalize and expand into emerging markets. The emerging markets studied in this paper are China and Russia, which boast growing economics, large sources of labor, and are reportedly highly corrupt. The research for this paper focuses on Kalmar Industries – a leading supplier of cargo handling equipment to ports, terminals, and Trelleborg AB Fluid Systems – an industrial company that sells industrial hose and other industrial rubber components. Both companies have entered the markets of China and Russia and are presently expanding operations there. This paper’s aim is to get a better insight into how they entered these emerging markets and what difficulties they have faced developing in these markets.

Method: A survey was sent in advance to potential interviewees working closely with the subject markets. The authors then followed up with interviews, phone interviews, and emailed responses.

Theory: Market entry strategies, framework for integrated risk management in international business, international risk perception and mode of entry, two dimensions of corruption, and relationship marketing

Findings and Conclusion: Both Kalmar Industries and Trelleborg AB Fluid Systems entered the market through exportation and have gradually increased investments in these markets. Both have experienced challenges in these markets mostly due to government policies and other general risks associated with entering into foreign markets. Although corruption is present in China and Russia, neither company feels that it affects the way they do business. In spite of the risks, both companies feel the benefits outweigh the drawbacks and they plan to continue growing in these markets.

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Goldsmith, Glenn Fraser. « Essays in the economics of subjective well-being ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0106206d-80b7-45f9-9850-cd8e7d5c0e97.

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This thesis explores three major issues in the burgeoning empirical literature on the determinants of subjective well-being (SWB). While economic theory assumes that it is current consumption that matters to SWB, empirical work has focused almost exclusively on the effect of income. In Part 1, we use household panel data from Russia and Britain to show that neither the standard theoretical account, nor the standard empirical practice may be adequate. Consumption, income, and wealth each contribute separately to SWB, in particular via perceptions of status and anticipation of the future; and omitting consumption from SWB equations significantly understates the importance of money to SWB. Distinguishing between consumption and income is also important to identifying reference effects. In Part 2, we confirm earlier findings that others' income has a positive (informational) effect on SWB in Russia, but show that others' consumption has an offsetting negative (comparison) effect. The net effect depends on how we define individuals' reference groups. We develop a novel econometric model that lets us estimate these reference groups from the data. Contrary to previous results, we conclude that comparison dominates information. Most SWB analyses focus on the average effects of money, relationships, and other outcomes across a given population; yet there may be significant differences in what is important to different people. In Part 3, we employ parametric and semi-parametric random coefficient models to show that there are large differences in the determinants of individual SWB in Britain, and (in contrast to previous work) that such differences cannot simply be attributed to differences in individuals' reporting functions. While individual differences correlate with (some) observable demographic variables, they do not generally correlate with individuals' perceptions about what is important to them. The results of SWB research may therefore be a useful source of information.

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Lander, Christopher David. « Foreign direct investment in the Russian agricultural sector ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8a5e811a-fdcc-4216-80ec-9aa0c140d129.

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This thesis investigates the experiences of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the agricultural sector of the Russian Federation. The focus is on the form of FDI, and how each investor responds, and adapts, to the Russian operational environment. This is achieved through extensive qualitative, and multiple methods research on three manifestations of FDI: corporate, privately-funded investment; corporate, publically-funded investment; and smaller, individual private investment. Of interest are the Russia-specific constraints that may be largely underprepared for by foreign investors, and unexpected events that occur in the Russian space that hamper the efforts of investors. This thesis, thus, informs the reader of the variable nature of the Russian agricultural sphere, and the problems that exist within its boundaries, and presents the stories of some of the foreign investors that have tried to penetrate its market, mostly since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. The thesis consists of four papers that have either been published, or submitted for publication, in academic journals, and utilises fieldwork that was conducted between 2013 and 2014. This thesis finds that all of the foreign investors studied have experienced - in certain aspects - failure on the Russian frontier, though there have also been certain successes. It seems that financial success is dictated by the business model of each investor; those who are afforded longer time horizons, more time to adapt on the frontier, and a source of funds that does not place short-term pressure on the business, are more likely to succeed. The Russian operating environment is unique, peculiar, and unpredictable, with a tendency to produce substantial obstacles that, for investors, are difficult to overcome; for agricultural FDI to avoid these struggles, these environmental conditions need to be anticipated and prepared for, with clear strategies painstakingly thought through before any venture physically begins on Russian soil.

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Bychkova, Olga V. « What do things do in policy ? Describing the heating sector reform in post-Soviet Russia / ». Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1186643278.

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Swahn, Natalia. « The role of cultural differences between Norway and Russia in business relationships : Application to strategic management in Norwegian companies ». Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-99.

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In this thesis I investigate the cultural differences between Norway and Russia and their impact on the business relationships that Norwegian companies establish with Russian counterparts. The emphasis is on how to take these differences into account in the company’s strategic management processes. The main source of data in this study is the interviews with the Norwegian managers who have the experience of business relationships with Russian counterparts. I have also relied on the various publications on the subject.

In the first chapter, I suggest that as soon as the company starts the operations in the other country’s market it faces the national culture different from the domestic one: people think, feel and act not the same way. These differences will affect everyday communication and work practices; one of the factors determining the company’s performance on the foreign market will be its ability to accommodate the particular characteristics of the national culture. My argument is that the internationally-operating company needs the knowledge about cultural characteristics of the host countries; this knowledge should be integrated into the company’s decision making and strategy development processes. As the increasing number of Norwegian companies is operating in the Russian market, there is a need for the studies that will provide an insight into the cultural characteristics and the social functioning, will point out the possible areas of the cultural clash and will suggest some way to avoid it. These reflections led me to formulate the initial research questions for the study:

 What are the cultural challenges related to Norwegian-Russian cooperation?

 How can this challenges be considered in the company’s strategy?

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Chagirov, Dauren. « Ownership Structure and Company’s Performance : Evidence from Russia’s Publicly Listed Companies ». Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu158920696033375.

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Efremov, Steven M. « The Role of Inflation in Soviet History : Prices, Living Standards, and Political Change ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1474.

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This thesis discusses the interaction between inflation, living standards, and political change in Soviet/Russian history. It traces the establishment and evolution of the Soviet monetary system, inflationary episodes, and their consequences. The goal of this study is to show how inflation affects the lives of ordinary people and how it has contributed to larger changes in Soviet history. Sources include economic statistics and analysis from articles and monographs, as well as first-hand accounts from interviews and newspapers. The results show that inflation was a factor in both the rise and the fall of the Soviet Union. Russia's first hyperinflation (1917-1923) nearly destroyed the economy, and the Bolsheviks were forced to stabilize prices. The Soviet system of price controls prevented inflation, but it also created persistent shortages of food and consumer goods. Mikhail Gorbachev tried to alleviate these problems, but his efforts resulted instead in Russia's second hyperinflation (1992-1993).

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Borgnäs, Kajsa. « Collective bargaining, wage formation and unemployment in Russia : Effects of the degree of centralisation in wage bargaining among trade unions in 10 sectors ». Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7608.

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Calmfors and Driffill in 1988 argued that there is a humpshaped relation between the degree of centralisation in wage bargaining structures within an economy and unemployment. They collected aggregate economic data from 17 different OECD economies and ranked them according to their relative degree of centralisation to prove their model. The model was further developed by Rowthorn who in 1992, using individual data from the same countries, concluded that there is a negative linear relationship between the degree of centralisation in wage bargaining structures and wage dispersion.

During the past two decades the Russian economy, as well as the Russian trade union movement, has transformed greatly. Membership rates in trade unions have fallen and bargaining leverage of trade unions vis-á-vis employers has decreased. Using data from ten sectors within the Russian economy (collected in interviews with trade union representatives in Moscow, June 2006) this essay questions whether the theoretical assumptions above hold in the Russian context. By ranking the sectors according to their relative degree of centralisation in wage bargaining structures and using these rankings as explanatory variables in econometric analyses with unemployment rates and wage dispersion rates as dependent variables, this essay finds little proof that the theoretical framework of Calmfors and Driffill holds within the Russian economy. However, Rowthorn’s model of centralisation and wage dispersion seems to be more valid.

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Vandycke, Nancy. « The economics of the reproduction 'crisis' in transition Europe : the effect of shifts in values, income and uncertainty (with special reference to Russia) ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2606/.

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This thesis investigates the causes for the abrupt, universal and virtually unprecedented decline in the total fertility rate in transition Europe. Using evidence from Russia, it tests two competing hypotheses on the fertility decline: the demographic and economic hypotheses. Empirical findings can be summarized as follows: I find insufficient support for the demographic hypothesis-the fertility decline in Russia cannot satisfactorily be explained by a simultaneous shift in values and attitudes towards reproduction and timing of births. In contrast, I provide preliminary cross-regional evidence to support the economic hypothesis-regions with the largest fall in (the proxy for) income and large uncertainty experienced the largest declines in the fertility rates. This result is consistent with Becker's economic model of reproductive behaviour, insofar as it establishes a positive relationship between changes in income and fertility. It however introduces an additional explanatory variable: people's perception of uncertainty. In a preliminary attempt to reconcile the standard economic model with these findings, a simple model of households' reproductive decision is developed. It shows that each household tends to postpone the decision for an incremental child, whenever there is widespread uncertainty. It suggests that, if the individual decision to procrastinate is replicated over a large number of households, it can lead to an aggregate, short-term fall in the fertility rate. Provided that conclusions for the transition European region can be drawn from the Russian evidence, this inquiry shows that fertility has declined in response to a lower income and higher uncertainty: it reflects the deterioration in the quality of life and a loss in welfare. Thus, it is a strong negative indicator of the transition process.

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Lazareva, Olga. « Labor market outcomes during the Russian transition ». Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics (EFI), 2009. http://www2.hhs.se/efi/summary/787.htm.

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Makoveychuk, Andrey, et Leedip Boinkum Konlaan. « How can the Russian Far South-East improve itself in order to attract more international adventure tourists ? » Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-4330.

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Abstract

Date: 2008-09-29

Course: Bachelor Thesis in Business Administration, EFO703

Authors: Andrey Makoveychuk; Konlaan Leedip Boinkum.

Supervisor: Leif Sanner

Title: How can the Russian Far South-East improve itself in order to attract moreinternational adventure tourists?

Problem: The region is very attractive for adventure tourism due to its unique nature sightsand wildlife. However, there are several problematical areas both when it comes to regionseconomy and marketing of its tourist sights abroad.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to outline why international adventure tourists decidenot to choose the Far South-East as their travel destination and to suggest possible ways ofdeveloping the region and its marketing in order to make this place more attractive forinternational adventure seekers. Given suggestions can later be used in development of a newregional marketing strategy.

Method: Way of managing content in this thesis consists of two main and two supportingprocesses, which follow the main ones. Information collection in the two main processes leadsto analysis and then further to the recommendation part. Data sources used are of two types:primary and secondary data. Both qualitative and quantitative types of data are being used.

Conclusion: After have been studying current problems with attracting potential tourists tothe region and evaluating existing possibilities for adventure tourism in the Far South-East,authors have come to a conclusion. This would be that modern marketing strategy forexpansion of international adventure tourism has to be created by travel agencies of the regionas well as some suggested practical improvements have to be done in order to make foreignadventure seeking individuals feel more convenient and comfortable.

This thesis was made with "executive speed" level.

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Matvejeva, Arina. « Succès des organisations durant la transition institutionnelle : le complexe « microchirurgie de l'oeil » de S. N. Fyodorov ». Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO22031.

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Qu’est-ce qui détermine la survie et le succès des organisations à travers les différents régimes institutionnels? La présente étude tente à répondre à la question en analysant l’évolution d'une institution médicale publique russe, c. à. d. l'Institution de l'Etat Fédéral « Le Complexe Intersectoriel de Recherche et Technologie « Microchirurgie de l'Œil » de Rosmedtechnologie. L’étude s’étend sur quatre périodes bien définies: 1960-1985 (la Russie Soviétique, la période de pré-perestroïka), 1986-1991 (la perestroïka de Gorbatchev), 1992-2000 (la transition), et 2001-2009 (la Russie actuelle, la période post-Fyodorov). L’analyse se centre sur une coévolution des institutions externes et de la structure organisationnelle de l'entreprise, le système de droits de propriété, les tendances d'innovation et les canaux de diffusion technologique. Les conclusions suggèrent que l'environnement institutionnel général exerce une influence sur la performance de l'entreprise en déterminant « les règles du jeu » pour les transactions économiques et en établissant un ensemble de possibilités de développement. C'est alors les processus internes à l'entreprise, ses compétences dynamiques et sa capacité à innover qui déterminent si l'organisation peut s'adapter aux changements externes, reconnaître les possibilités de développement et en profiter. Par ailleurs, la direction (le leadership), le type de technologie et le niveau de sa diffusion, l’initial soutien de l'Etat, de même que la demande jouent un rôle apparent pour soutenir la performance réussie. Une structure multi-niveaux des récompenses de performance en combinaison avec les méthodes de traitement innovatrices (c. à. d. l’usage d’un conveyor chirurgical et la production en brigades) ont amené à des volumes de procédures cliniques performées plus élevées, de même que la qualité, la complexité et la diversité de traitement plus élevées. D’autant plus, pendant les étapes plus anciennes du développement de l’entreprise, la présence des inventeurs prolifiques et la structure organisationnelle qui soutenait l’apprentissage, la production et l’accumulation des connaissances (le cycle « clinique – ingénierie – approbation – production – clinique ») étaient cruciaux pour la création d’une base d’innovation persistante. Pendant les périodes plus récentes, la combinaison d’accès aux ressources (matérielles, financières, capital humain), les collaborations externes, les méthodes innovatrices d’organisation de traitement, la diffusion extensive des technologies inter- et intra-firme ont aussi contribué à des hauts niveaux d’innovation. Au total, le travail soutient une approche interdisciplinaire à l’étude des organisations, c. à. d. une combinaison de l'analyse institutionnelle, l’économie évolutionnaire et l’économie dynamique d’organisations, le management stratégique, l’économie d'innovation, l’analyse des droits de propriété et le rôle de leadership
What determines organizational survival and success across different institutional regimes? The present historical case study attempts to answer the question by analyzing the evolution of a Russian state medical institution, i.e. the S.N. Fyodorov “Inter-Sectoral Research and Technology Complex “Eye Microsurgery””. The study spans over four clearly defined regimes: 1960 – 1985 (Soviet Russia, pre-perestroika period), 1986 – 1991 (Gorbachev’s perestroika), 1992 – 2000 (the transition years), and 2001 – 2009 (current Russia, post-Fyodorov period). The analysis focuses on the co-evolution of the external institutions and the firm’s organizational structure, the system of property rights, innovation patterns and the channels of technological diffusion. The findings suggest that the general institutional environment exerts influence on the firm’s performance through determining the “rules of the game” for economic transactions and through establishing a set of development possibilities. It is then the firm’s internal processes, dynamic competences and the ability to innovate that determine whether the organization can adapt to external changes, recognize the development possibilities and take advantage of them. In addition, the roles of leadership, the type of technology and its diffusion scope, initial State support, as well as the extent of demand are apparent in sustaining successful performance. Multi-level high performance rewards structure in combination with novel industrialized treatment methods (e.g. the use of a surgical conveyer and team production) resulted in greater volumes of clinical procedures performed, as well as higher quality, complexity and diversity of treatment. In addition, at the earlier stages of the firm’s development, the presence of prolific innovators and the organizational structure that supported learning, knowledge production and accumulation (the “clinic – engineering – approbation – production – clinic” cycle) were crucial for creating a basis for persistent innovation. In later periods, the combination of resource availability (material, financial, human capital), external collaborations, novel ways of organizing treatment, extensive inter and intra-firm diffusion of technologies also contributed to high levels of innovation. Overall, the work provides support for an interdisciplinary approach to the study of organizations, i.e. combining institutional analysis, evolutionary and dynamic organizational economics, strategic management, the economics of innovation, the analysis of property rights and the role of leadership

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Weber, Isabella Maria. « China's escape from the 'big bang' : the 1980s price reform debate in historical perspective ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271826.

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China’s rise and Russia’s fall shape today’s global political economy. This new great divergence originates from the different policies pursued in the transition from a command economy. Russia applied a ‘big-bang’ doctrine with rapid price liberalisation at its core. In contrast, a policy of experimentalist gradualism manifested in the dual track price system (DTPS) laid the foundations for China’s economic success. But the Chinese reform approach was highly contested in the 1980s and China came close to implementing a big bang. My dissertation sheds light on this critical crossroads by asking on what intellectual grounds China escaped a big bang in price reform; or to turn the question positively, on what intellectual grounds the DTPS was defended against the plans to implement a big bang. To derive an answer, the first part presents the broad historical and theoretical context of the 1980s Chinese price reform debate. In particular, I analyse the ancient Chinese tradition of price regulation, the US price control experience and controversies during and after the Second World War, and the Chinese Communists’ price policies in the Maoist period. Against this background, the second part conducts an in-depth study of the 1980s price reform debate drawing on more than 50 interviews with Chinese and foreign economists, previously unexplored archival evidence and a wealth of Chinese sources. I show that the DTPS emerged from bureaucratic practices and was justified by large-scale empirical research efforts conducted by young intellectuals, who had gained influence through their contribution to rural reform. In contrast, I find that the big bang reform approach was introduced to China by Eastern European émigré scholars and Western economists, and was promoted by a group of Chinese academic economists. I demonstrate how the DTPS was grounded in a pragmatic philosophy of economic policy-making deeply rooted in China’s bureaucratic tradition, which prevailed over the idealist stance underlying the panacea of a big bang.

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Cyan, Musharraf R. « The Effects of Rent Assignment on Long-Lived Public Goods in Exhaustible Resource Economies ». Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/econ_diss/72.

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Exhaustible resource rents are an important taxable base in many countries, with revenue sharing often part of the scheme. In some cases large shares are retained for the central government. Generally, the discussions of exhaustible resource taxation consider assignment of resource rent tax base and revenue sharing from the limited perspectives of efficiency and stability. Tax assignment and sharing arrangements are assumed to have a neutral effect on investment of resource rents in long-lived public goods. We attempt to demonstrate that this may not be the case, specifically looking at the question of whether rent assignment is neutral to effects on investment of rents in long-lived public goods, a normative policy objective, and under what conditions it occurs. We test the theoretical propositions with data from the Russian Federation to derive empirical results. The results from the Russian Federation point toward an important dimension of rent tax assignment in a federation. They results show that ceteris paribus, higher share of rent for the federation may lead to lower investment in long-lived public goods and may be constrained by stability. Another argument has been made for reconsidering rent tax assignment using assertive ethnic identity as a manifestation strong ownership claims. Communities with strongly valued identities value ownership over land and exhaustible resource endowments in their areas. This may be the case especially if ethnic identity is important to the resource owning community. The empirical results show that a decrease in the regional share of rent resulted in a fall in investments in the republics and regions with strong ethnic identity. Republics among the producing regions have historical claims to a distinct identity and may have a preference for preserving their identity. This preference is manifested as higher levels of rent investment. Following this line of argument, it can be concluded that rent assignment, through rent tax or revenue assignment, should favor producing regions within the range of stability in a federation, if the objective is achieving higher investment in long-lived public goods.

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Dear, Devon Margaret. « Marginal Revolutions : Economies and Economic Knowledge between Qing China, Russia, and Mongolia, 1860 - 1911 ». Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11671.

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This dissertation began with a question: what does it mean to say or grasp "the economy"? This dissertation examines it examines on-the-ground trading, mining, and money lending between Russian and Qing subjects in Qing Mongolian territories and southeastern Siberia, primarily, though not exclusively, during the years 1860 - 1911. This dissertation uses archival records from Mongolia, the Russian Federation, and the People's Republic of China, in addition to travel accounts, economic surveys, gazetteers, and periodicals. Combining Chinese, Manchu, Mongolian, and Russian primary sources, it provides a trans-imperial examination of both how quotidian trade was carried out as well as the broader intellectual and political contexts that shaped the parameters of economic life. A bourgeoning labor market developed in Mongolia in the latter half of the nineteenth century. The legalization of Russian trade provided new labor opportunities for Mongolians and Russian alike, particularly in working in transportation, wool washing, and mining. In addition to the transportation industry examines cases of gold-mining, Russian-Mongolian debt, and Buddhist monasteries' roles in facilitating trade.

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Shenai, Vijay. « Russia : economic transformation and growth ». Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442500.

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Deerfield, Amanda. « A Study of Corruption, Foreign Aid, and Economic Growth ». UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/msppa_etds/5.

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Foreign aid donors increasingly demand that aid is used efficiently and effectively. This study examines the effect of corruption levels, measured by the Corruption Perceptions Index, within a recipient country on the levels of economic growth. A growing literature outlines the mechanisms through which corruption impedes economic growth and is summarized within. Additionally, as longevity gains may result from foreign aid but are not captured in economic growth, this study computes a variable called the Life Quality Indicator (LQI) that combines such gains with economic growth and examines corruption’s effect on LQI growth. As any windfall, foreign aid has been argued to exacerbate problems within corrupt countries—causing economic decline. This study develops an interaction of corruption levels and the ratio of aid receipts to GDP to examine the effects of this interaction on economic growth and LQI growth. Conducting a regression analysis shows the relationships between the interaction term and economic growth and the interaction term and LQI growth are negative, leading to policy recommendations that corrupt countries not receive foreign aid. Using game theory, this study predicts the outcomes of interactions between aid recipients and donors during the Cold War, post-Cold War, and in the present. The present predicted outcomes suggest that recipients will be the winners because they are able to choose between receiving aid from emerging donors and from the Development Assistant Committee (DAC). Policy guidance to the aid community includes understanding that emerging donors may exert influence on aid recipients and programs to monitor this influence ensuring that it does not become exploitation may be necessary. Finally, a case study of Russia is presented, highlighting its corruption and foreign aid receipts in the post-Soviet timeframe. A separate analysis is conducted on the Former Soviet Union (FSU) countries to determine whether Russia’s corruption and foreign aid receipts caused lower levels of economic and LQI growth than that experienced by other FSU countries. While results do not show this, the negative relationship between the interaction term and economic and LQI growth is also found in this subset.

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Lieberman, Kenneth R. « Reforming a nation : implications of IMF conditionality on Russia / ». Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Jun%5FLieberman.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affirs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003.
Thesis advisor(s): Robert McNab, Karen Guttieri, Robert Looney. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-67). Also available online.

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Bradshaw, Michael Joseph. « East-West trade and the regional development of Siberia and the Soviet Far East ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26964.

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Studies of the role of East-West trade in Soviet economic development often assume that Siberia and the Far East play an important role in trading relations, but few studies have examined the extent of that role and the relationship between trade and economic development within the region. This study addresses two interrelated questions: firstly, what is the role of Siberia and the Far East in trade with the West, and secondly, what is the role of East-West trade in Siberian development. Regional trade participation data are not available. The study therefore examines the composition of Soviet trade with the West and the industrial structure of the Siberian economy, in order to deduce the extent of regional participation in trade. Soviet exports to the West are dominated by natural resources, while imports from the West comprise machinery and equipment, manufactured goods and agricultural products. Analysis of the Siberian economy reveals a specialisation in the production and processing of natural resources. Estimates of export participation show that since the late 1970s the region has become the Soviet Union's most important source of foreign currency. Imports of Western technology are shown to play an important part in natural resource production and in the creation of Siberia's Territorial-Production Complexes. In many instances compensation agreements tie the use of imports to export production. Overall the value of Siberian exports exceeds the cost of imports of Western technology, so that the region generates a sizeable foreign currency surplus. In conclusion, a simple model of the trade and development process is presented which relates the pattern of foreign trade participation to the process of regional development. The impact of Western imports is felt mainly in the European core region where they provide additional resources to feed the population and renovate the industrial base; the impact of exports to the West is felt mainly in Siberia and the Far East where they increase demands for natural resource production. Thus, East-West trade serves to perpetuate the existing core-periphery pattern of Soviet regional development.
Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate

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Andrusenko, Ekaterina. « Transformace sociálněekonomického systému v Ruské federaci se zaměřením na hospodářství Sverdlovské oblasti ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192563.

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The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the circumstances and transition of the socio-economic system of the Russian Federation. It is also focused on the regional economy of Sverdlovsk region as a socio-economic subsystem. Uralmash plant is presented here as an example of an economic player in a process of transition. The thesis is based on several specific theories: socio-economic system and its transition, evolution of the economic systems by J. Schumpeter, social choice between chaos and dictatorship based on the new comparative economics, regionalist theory and corporate finance. It is chosen comparative-historical and empirical-statistical methodology. The main finding of the thesis is the inability of the socio-economic system of the USSR to continue in development as a result of dictatorship. However, the new Russian economy fell into a structural shift. The contribution of the thesis is a comprehensive view on transition process in Russia both at national and at regional and local level. Both theoretical and practical sites of transition are reflected. Not only macroeconomic but also microeconomic point of view is taken into account.

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Kragh, Martin. « Exit and voice dynamics : an empirical study of the Soviet labour market, 1940-1960s ». Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Samhällsekonomi (S), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1483.

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Thèses sur le sujet « Economics – Russia »

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