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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Economic stabilization – Hungary »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Economic stabilization – Hungary"

Domonkos, Endre. « Economic Stabilization after the Treaty of Trianon : Challenges and Possibilities ». Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, European and Regional Studies 19, n^o 1 (1 novembre 2021) : 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auseur-2021-0004.

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Abstract The ‘Great War’ had harmful impacts on Hungary’s national economy. With the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, the former self-sufficient economic unit broke into six different entities, which had far-reaching consequences in Central and Eastern Europe. Economic difficulties were further aggravated by rampant inflation. Finally, the loss of the majority of raw materials by the Treaty of Trianon meant that Hungary was cut off from its sources of supply. The following paper examines the impacts of economic reconstruction in Hungary. The analysis also focuses on the development of industry, agriculture, and trade in the 1920s.

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Shevchuk, Victor, et Roman Kopych. « Exchange Rate Volatility, Currency Misalignment, and Risk of Recession in the Central and Eastern European Countries ». Risks 9, n^o 5 (1 mai 2021) : 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks9050082.

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This study is aimed at estimation of the exchange rate volatility and its impact on the business cycle fluctuations in four central and eastern European countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Romania). Exchange rate volatility is estimated with the EGARCH(1,1) model. It is found that exchange rate volatility is affected by the components of the Index of Economic Freedom from the Heritage Foundation, besides inflation and crisis developments. The empirical results using GMM estimation technique and comprehensive robustness checks suggest that exchange rate volatility reduces the risk of recession in the Czech Republic while the opposite effect is found for Hungary and Romania, with a neutrality for Poland. These findings continue to hold after controlling for the fiscal and monetary policy indicators. There is evidence that the RER undervaluation prevents sliding into a recession on a credible basis in Poland only, with a neutral stance for other countries. Except in Romania, higher levels of economic freedom is associated with worsening of the cyclical position of output. Among other results, stabilization policies in the recession imply fiscal tightening for the Czech Republic and Romania, higher money supply for the Czech Republic and Poland, and lower central bank reference rate for Hungary.

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Péterffy, Gergely. « Vasutasok és a szovjet megszállók ». Belvedere Meridionale 31, n^o 2 (2019) : 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/belv.2019.2.3.

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At the end of World War 2, it took more than a half year for the Red Army to occupy Hungary. Following the negotiations in Tehran and Yalta, Hungary joined the socialist camp led by Moscow. Therefore, thousands of cases of pillage, rape and murder committed by Soviet soldiers could not be articulated in the official historiography, Russian troops could only be mentioned in a positive context within any publication. After the collapse of the Soviet Union the above-mentioned policy on historiography changed, and several books, articles and reminiscences were published on the Soviet crimes against the population. The aim of this study is present the types of connection between the Russian soldiers and the railwaymen from the beginning of the occupation to the end of the monetary stabilization in 1946. In the first half of the 20th century, the railway was the backbone of Hungary’s economy. Without the railway – due to the lack of roads and automobiles – the economic system would have totally collapsed. The Russians were aware of the importance of the railway, hence as the front moved on, they ordered the citizens and railwaymen to reconstruct the railway tracks as fast as they could. To achieve a complex picture on the connection between soldiers and railwaymen, we need to focus on not only the negative, but the positive cases as well.

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Boromisza, Zsombor, Tamás Ács et Éva Pádárné Török. « Integrating applied lake ecology into spatial planning : towards a socially acceptable lakeshore restoration at Lake Velence (Hungary) ». Landscape & ; Environment 9, n^o 1 (6 juillet 2015) : 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21120/le/9/1/3.

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A good chance of a socially accepted shore-restoration that is sustainable for the long run stands only, if all those, concerned in lake-use, are also interested in the ecological interventions, if shore-restoration serves social and economic purposes, as well. In the previous phase of our research, assessments were made to find the sections of the shore zone that are suitable for restoration: to detect the sites where the existing artificial shoreline stabilization works could be removed. So that social demands should be involved in the assessment process, to begin with, structured interviews were made. According to the results, the share of the plots, being suitable or partially suitable for shore-restoration, slightly exceeded 7%. The analysis of restoration’s limiting factors has shown that the type of shoreline stabilization, the width of zone covered by emergent macrophytes, the extent of human pressures, and the relevant regulations on zoning (fixed in urban plans) together set limits to restoration. The interviews have made it clear that as a result of the changed demands on recreation-tourism, also the natural and landscape values have become more significant

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Yurasova, L. A. « THE POLITICS OF HUNGARIAN SOVEREIGHTY ». MGIMO Review of International Relations, n^o 4(49) (28 août 2016) : 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2016-4-49-99-116.

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The article analyzes main aspects of V. Orban's policy of strengthening Hungarian economic sovereignty. The Hungarian leadership had to find out balanced and reasonable approach to tackle the world economic crisis. Hungarian ballot package included reform of economic regulation on a state's level, taking moderate protectionist measures and foreign trade diversification. V. Orban's government succeeded in constitutional reform that allowed to consolidate power to deliver coherent economic policy and to harmonize separation of powers with that goal to be reached. Moreover, transferring of economic regulation to constitutional level lead to stabilization of monetary sphere. V. Orban's government enhanced state sector of economy in vulnerable areas, rose taxation on large business and shrank loans' burden of citizens in order to maintain positive economic growth. This measures ensured potential to advance further inside demand rates and to galvanize market capacity. Finally, V. Orban announced "openness to the East" policy aimed at diversifying foreign trade of Hungary. The main focus of the policy was trade with China and Russia. However, supranational authorities of European Union objected this policy goals on the grounds of economic and political consideration. But Hungarian leadership advocated its policy in a very tough way, which is a good example of self-reliance and pragmatism for the future of Europe.

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Gibb, R. A., et W. Z. Michalak. « Foreign Debt in the New East-Central Europe : A Threat to European Integration ? » Environment and Planning C : Government and Policy 11, n^o 1 (mars 1993) : 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c110069.

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East-Central Europe (Hungary, Poland, and Czechoslovakia—ECE) is one of the least known parts of the world in English-language geography. In spite of its proximity to Western Europe and the European Community (EC) it has received a very modest amount of attention from English-speaking geographers compared with that from German-speaking and French-speaking colleagues. Studies of political and economic geography of the ECE are also hampered by the lack of appropriate methodology and theory. Some of the most important issues involved lie in the economic sphere of transition from a centrally planned economy to a market economy. In the current paper, an attempt is made to survey and evaluate the size and character of existing debt stocks owed to the West by ECE and then to assess their likely impact on the political and economic geography of Europe and the EC. It is concluded that the international financial community is making it politically difficult for the countries in the region to persist with their structural reforms and stabilization policies. The future political and economic geography of ECE and EC depends, to a large extent, on the ability of the Western financial system to respond to the long-term needs of the region.

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Shemakhina, I. « SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF POST-SOCIALIST COUNTRIES : CONTRADICTORY TRENDS AND CHALLENGES OF THE PRESENT ». Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Economics, n^o 218 (2022) : 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2667.2022/218-1/7.

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The article analyses the social and economic development of 14 post-socialist countries from 2001 to 2020. By assessing their clustering, a conclusion was made about the contradictory combination of two evolution tendencies of these countries: simultaneous deployment of processes of divergence, asymmetry of their social and economic development and deployment of convergence processes, and formation of separate clusters of the specified countries. In particular, the European Union member states, such as Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Hungary, and the Czech Republic, formed a separate cluster in 2020, characterized by the highest GDP per capita in the group, the share of expenditure on education and the highest level of the spending on health care in GDP. A separate cluster was formed by Ukraine and Moldova, potential EU candidate countries. The place of Ukraine among the considered countries in the period 2001-2020 and in modern conditions was analyzed. It was concluded that the indicators of socio-economic development of Ukraine demonstrate cyclical dynamics under the influence of global factors and shocks, taking into account the turning point events for the whole world in 2022. It was noted that new world order is currently developing. There are new initiatives and concepts within the EU, which provide great opportunities for Ukraine for European integration. In this context, the institutional factors of convergent and divergent development of post-socialist countries, which will be aimed at resolving the existing military and political conflicts, settlement of global imbalances, stabilization of world economic development, have an essential role.

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Bai, Attila. « Economic Assessment of Biodiesel Production for Hungarian Farmers ». Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, n^o 1 (12 mai 2002) : 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/1/3540.

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Utilisation of oil of plant origin as a fuel is gaining acceptance in the European Union and elsewhere. Besides environmental protection, energy saving, and decreasing over-production of food. Additionally, the subsidisation of farmers and the development of rural sub-regions also contribute to its spread. This study specifically focuses on the direct effects biodiesel's raw materials and final products are now having on farmers, while reviewing and quantifying these effects. I have purposely restricted my analysis to these two elements of the biodiesel chain.The biodiesel chain seems to be a great method for improving the economic and social position of participant farmers in many ways. Presently, the profitability of raw materials’ production looks to be the crucal point in the chain, and could be strengthened best with intensive, habitat-specific agrotechnic. It would only be possible to reach a favourable profit margin for farmers if yields reach unrealistic averages or if there is a significant hike of the 2000 producer’s price in the oil plant branch.The main attraction of sunflower- and oilseed rape production lies in the stabilization of market conditions, which is not only gong to appear in oil plant branch but – thanks to the reduction of outputs – also in the cereal branches. Better economic safety for farmers may play a role at least on the same level as in plant production, which involves more risks than profit maximalization.The reduction of the prime cost of biodiesel could be possible through the direct combustion of the whole oilseed plant or its residues or electricity production using them. Whereas energy demand for biodiesel production is low (appr. 5%) but it needs subsidization and the prices of natural gas and electrical energy presently look favourable in Hungary. Additionally harvesting and baling of the residues is technically problematic, which is why their use may seem to be reasonable just over the middle or long term. Another possible factor of cost reduction could be the centralization of some partial operations, which needs serious financial resources to reduce amortization cost per product, provided there be several biodiesel projects near each other during establishment. Creation and operation of a logistical system could also be a good method for improving the viability of the biodiesel chain, in order to optimize transport schedule and distances. However there are also some organizational difficulties in this case.

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Ujváry, Gábor. « Klebelsberg Kunó kulturális politikája és a felsőoktatás ». Gerundium 9, n^o 3 (18 mars 2019) : 102–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29116/gerundium/2018/3/7.

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The Cultural Policy of Kuno Klebelsberg and the Higher Education. The study presents the higher education policy of one of the best known and succesful Hungarian Minister of Religion and Education (1922–1931) Kuno Klebelsberg (1875–1932). As a politician of a state dismembered to one third of her original size-a consequence of the war loss and the Trianon peace treaty-he became a minister in miserable economic circumstances. With the contribution of him the stabilization of so-called refugee universities (from Kolozsvár and Pozsony to Budapest and then to Szeged [1921] and to Pécs [1923], the Academy of Minery and Forestry from Selmecbánya to Sopron [1918–1919]) could succesfuly be managed. Because of his conservative-liberal political attitude he tried to ease the effects of the so-called Numerus clausus Acts of 1920 which made the university entrance for Jewish Hungarians extremely serious. In 1928 he achieved the modification of that regulation. Instead of Budapest he supported the development of universities of Debrecen, Szeged and Pécs as a consequence of his well-grounded education policy based on decentralization. With his higher education policy he made great contribution to preserve the pre Great War Hungarian higher educational capacity in a dismembered Hungary lost 60% of her original population.

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Szyszko, Magdalena, et Mariusz Próchniak. « Is Central Banks’ Effectiveness Related to their Transparency ? A Case of European Economies ». Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 18, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2018) : 121–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foli-2018-0023.

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Abstract This article presents a novel transparency measure and examines forward-looking transparency of six European central banks. It aims at evaluating whether the higher degree of transparency is related to better economic stabilization expressed in terms of output and inflation gap minimization. The methods used are based on data and a statistical analysis. To extract the cyclical component of time series, the Hodrick-Prescott filter is employed. The research covers the Czech National Bank, the National Bank of Hungary, the National Bank of Poland, the National Bank of Romania, the Bank of England, and the Sveriges Riksbank during 1997–2016. Firstly, we develop an index of forward-looking transparency that focuses on signalling intentions by the central banks. It is one of the main contributions of our article. Secondly, we compare transparency in the field of signaling intentions within our sample, which is another aspect of originality of this study. The results indicate that the Czech National Bank and the central banks of developed economies outperform the other central banks from our sample in terms of openness. Finally, under some caveats, we relate the degree of transparency to the levels and volatility of output and inflation gaps. We find the existence of the relationship between the central banks’ transparency and their effectiveness mainly for Czech Republic and the UK, but also, although to a lesser extent, for Poland and Romania.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Economic stabilization – Hungary"

KELLER, Judit. « Patterns and Dynamics of European Subnational Governance : Institutional Transformations in Hungarian Micro-regional Associations 1990-2006 ». Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/14377.

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Defense date: 15/06/2010
Examining Board: László Bruszt (EUI) (Supervisor), Michael Keating (formerly EUI/Univ. Aberdeen), Ilona Kovács Pálné (Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pécs), Carlo Trigilia (Univ. Florence)
This research represents a longitudinal study of changing patterns of governance in six microregions in Hungary. Its findings indicate that the dominant trend was a move from a nonhierarchical mode of governance, including integrated developmental policy making by diverse local state and non-state actors in the early 1990s, towards fragmented and hierarchical modes of governance by the 2000s. By the time Hungary had moved closer to EU accession, non-hierarchical and inclusive institutional solutions (heterarchies) had started to disappear from micro-regional governance in comparison to the early 1990s. Only a few micro-regional collaborations could survive the Europeanization of sub-national governance. These evolutionary trends were mainly shaped by domestic factors, the EU having only indirect influence on the process through providing the central state with prerogatives near the end of the decade to control regional and sub-regional development policy. This is only part of the story, however. Pre-accession support programs had also strengthened the governance capacities of sub-national state and non-state actors and enabled local political entrepreneurs to organize micro-regional territorial development through heterarchies even in the face of asymmetric power constellations between central governments and local state and non-state actors. The basic underlying assumption of this research, based on heterodox development theories, is that there is an interplay between heterarchic governance patterns and socioeconomic development. The case studies confirm that in an unstable and swiftly changing political, economic and institutional environment, heterarchic institutional solutions are necessary to maintain at least an average developmental level or to change a development path.

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Livres sur le sujet "Economic stabilization – Hungary"

College, St Antony's, dir. War finance, reconstruction, hyperinflation and stabilization in Hungary, 1938-1948. Basingstoke : Macmillan in association with St Antony's College Oxford, 1991.

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Éltető, Andrea. Economic policy background to foreign direct investment in Hungary. Wien : Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche, 1998.

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Borbély, Sylvia. World market integration and economic stabilization in Hungary : Irish parallels and messages. [Dublin] : CEEPA, 1993.

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Siklos, Pierre L. War finance, reconstruction, hyperinflation, and stabilization in Hungary, 1938-48. New York : St. Martin's Press, 1991.

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Siklos, Pierre L. War finance, reconstruction, hyperinflation, and stabilization in Hungary, 1938-48. Houndmills : Macmillan, 1991.

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Solimano, Andrés. Price formation, nominal anchors, and stabilization policies in Hungary : An empirical analysis. Washington, DC : World Bank, 1993.

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Commander, Simon. Output decline in Hungary and Poland in 1990-91 : Structural change and aggregate shocks. Washington, D.C. (1818 H St., NW, Washington 20433) : Economic Development Institute and the Country Economics Dept., World Bank, 1992.

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Centre for Co-operation with Economies in Transition., dir. Transition at the local level : The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and the Slovak Republic. Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1996.

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Biswajit, Banerjee, et International Monetary Fund, dir. Road maps of the transition : The Baltics, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Russia. Washington, DC : International Monetary Fund, 1995.

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Rudolf, Andorka, dir. A society transformed : Hungary in time-space perspective. Budapest, Hungary : Central European University Press, 1999.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Economic stabilization – Hungary"

Siklos, Pierre L. « State Finances and Peacetime Economic Prospects ». Dans War Finance, Reconstruction, Hyperinflation and Stabilization in Hungary, 1938–48, 85–96. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21325-2_6.

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Siklos, Pierre L. « Hungary and the German War Economy ». Dans War Finance, Reconstruction, Hyperinflation and Stabilization in Hungary, 1938–48, 43–52. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21325-2_3.

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Bagdy, Gábor. « Optimal Stabilization with a Macroeconometric Model for Hungary : Investigating the Effects of Different Objective Functions and Time Horizons ». Dans Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 39–50. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51675-7_3.

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Akar, László. « Hungary's Macroeconomic Stabilization and Recognition of its Focal Position in East Central Europe* ». Dans Global Monetary and Economic Convergence, 10–13. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429456282-3.

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Gillingham, Paul. « Archipelagos of Power ». Dans Unrevolutionary Mexico, 12–43. Yale University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300253122.003.0002.

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This chapter analyses the history of Guerrero between 1880 and 1945. It demonstrates that frontier-like economic and political structures were warped but not broken by the violence, social reforms and new political classes of the revolution. Old Porfirian landowner and political dynasties instead made alliance with generals and developers to wage petty warfare on land-hungry peasants and unionizing workers. Politicians of all levels were unwilling or unable to follow instructions from Mexico City, whether these dealt with rigging elections, land reforms or literacy campaigns. Across much of the state teachers were scarce and priests powerful. While new lumber and tourist industries took off there were few signs of stabilization or a new social contract in 1945. Guerrero remained instead an archipelago of state power.

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Yildirim, Seda, et Merve Kaplan. « Seafood Security and Sustainability Through Sustainable Development ». Dans Developing Sustainable Food Systems, Policies, and Securities, 16–36. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2599-9.ch002.

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The world has understood that hunger is one of the most dangerous problems for the future. Accordingly, food security and sustainability are both important issues through sustainable development. This chapter highlights the role of seafood security and sustainability for sustainable development. In this context, seafood security and sustainability for Turkish seafood market was investigated. Turkey is a coastal country, which has accepted 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, with a seafood market and a good sample to investigate seafood sustainability. This study employed secondary data from TURKSTAT and FAO websites to determine Turkish seafood market profile. The study determined seafood security and sustainability based on five dimensions as availability, economic access, physical access, utilization, and stabilization. Seafood sustainability is vital for coastal countries because seafood market brings economic, social, and environmental benefits at the same time.

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Yildirim, Seda, et Merve Kaplan. « Seafood Security and Sustainability Through Sustainable Development ». Dans Research Anthology on Strategies for Achieving Agricultural Sustainability, 951–70. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5352-0.ch050.

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