Thèses : « Economic coordination »

1

Raith, Michael Alexander. « Product differentiation, uncertainty and price coordination in oligopoly ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1439/.

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This thesis consists of three self-contained analyses of models with price-setting firms. It explores the relationships between different sources of market imperfection that may be present simultaneously: product differentiation, imperfect information and collusive pricing. Chapter 2 analyses the circumstances under which oligopolists have an incentive to exchange private information on unknown demand or cost parameters. It presents general model which encompasses virtually all models in the current literature on information sharing as special cases. Within this unifying framework it is shown that in contrast to the apparent inconclusiveness of previous results, some simple principles determining the incentives for firms to share information can be obtained. Existing results are generalised, some previous interpretations questioned and new explanations offered. Chapter 3 addresses the question of how price setting between firms in a spatial retail market is affected if the relevant consumers commute between their home and their workplace and try to combine shopping with commuting. It is shown within a specific model that for small commuting distances, an increase in commuting leads to a decrease of equilibrium prices, since due to a reduction of effective travel costs the firms' products become better substitutes. Under quite general conditions, however, larger or dispersed commuting distances lead to the nonexistence of a price equilibrium. Chapter 4 analyses the question how product differentiation affects the scope for oligopolists to collude on prices. It suggests a precise theoretical foundation for the conventional view that heterogeneity is a factor hindering collusion, a view which has been challenged in recent theoretical work. It is argued that, in a world of uncertainty, an increase in the heterogeneity of products leads to a decrease in the correlation of the firms' demand shocks. With imperfect monitoring, this makes collusion more difficult to sustain, as discriminating between random demand shocks and deviations from the cartel strategy becomes more difficult.

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Nakada, Minoru. « Environmental policy, economic growth and international coordination ». Kyoto University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/148800.

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Griffiths, Mark E. L. « International policy coordination and interdependence : the case of European Monetary integration ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358580.

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Dong, Lu. « Behavioural mechanisms of cooperation and coordination ». Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/44618/.

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This thesis consists of three independent chapters investigating behavioural mechanisms of cooperation and coordination. In particular, chapter 1 analyses a voluntary contribution game and proposes a simple behavioural mechanism to achieve social efficiency. Specifically, in this mechanism, each player can costlessly assign a share of the pie to each of the other players, after observing the contributions, and the final distribution of the pie is determined by these assignments. In a controlled laboratory experiment, I find that participants assign the reward based on others' relative contributions in most cases and that the contribution rates improve substantially and almost immediately with 80 percent of players contribute fully. Chapter 2 studies the effects of costly monitoring and heterogeneous social identities on an equity principle of reward allocation. The investigation is based on the mechanism proposed in chapter 2. I hypothesised that the equity principle may be violated when participants bear a personal cost to monitor others' contributions, or when heterogeneous social identities are present in reward allocations. The experimental results show that almost half of the allocators are willing to sacrifice their own resources to enforce the social norm of equity principle. Likewise, with the presence of heterogeneous social identities, though a few participants give more to their in-group member, the majority of them still follow the equity principle to allocate. Chapter 3 explores the behavioural mechanism of communication and leadership in coordination problems. Specifically, I consider two types of leaders: cheap-talk leaders who suggest an effort level, and first-mover leaders who lead by example. I use experimental methods to show the limits of these two mechanisms in avoiding coordination failure in a challenging minimum effort game, with low benefits of coordination relative to the effort cost. The results suggest that both types of leadership have some ability to increase effort in groups with no history, but are insufficient in groups with a history of low effort.

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Maldoom, Daniel. « Dynamics and coordination in models of economic growth with economies of scale and scope ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386526.

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Rommerskirchen, Charlotte Sophie. « Fiscal policy coordination in times of economic and financial crises ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9856.

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This thesis examines fiscal policy coordination in the EU during the Great Recession (2008-2010). For the first time since the Maastricht Treaty heralded the coordination of macroeconomic policies among EU Member States, public finances were collectively focused on stimulus policies. In sharp contrast to the preceding decade of consolidation and constraint, fiscal policy coordination during the Great Recession presents a novelty: a study in fiscal expansion. Drawing on Mancur Olson’s Logic of Collective Action, this thesis uses a mixed-methods approach that combines the insights from over 40 in-depth interviews and econometric analyses. The central argument of this thesis is that the fiscal crisis responses of EU Member States were not coordinated. Yet despite this lack of coordination, free-riding was kept at bay. First, the overarching consensus on the need for counter-cyclical fiscal policies prevented growth free-riding (i.e. a situation of limited domestic stimulus and free-riding on other countries’ expansive fiscal policies). Second, discipline imposed by financial market participants contributed to policy-makers’ awareness of their limited room for fiscal manoeuvre, which meant that stability free-riding (i.e. stimulus policies that exceeded a country’s fiscal space) did not occur. The first finding suggests the importance of shared policy ideas in achieving collective action; the second points to the role of financial markets in constraining public finances. Ultimately both, shared policy ideas and market discipline, can function as a substitute for strong institutional commitment to shape group oriented behaviour.

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Stockheim, Tim. « Supply network optimization : coordination based on economic scheduling, negotiation and trust / ». Norderstedt : Books on Demand, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015014948&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Legrenzi, Matteo. « The gulf cooperation council : Diplomacy, security and economic coordination in the gulf ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530048.

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Fuertes, Vanesa. « Coordination in labour market policy : the influence of governance and institutional logics ». Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2017. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/1033234.

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This PhD analyses the factors that affect the existence or absence of coordination in the field of labour market policy for the long-term unemployed in three cities in Great Britain (Edinburgh, Cardiff, and Newcastle). The interest in coordination in public service provision has become more relevant since the state's previously dominant role in services provision gave way to a decentralised and multi-actor landscape. The complexity of social issues also fostered the involvement of multiple organisations. Furthermore, the recent move toward activation in labour market policy has renewed the interest in localised and personalised services, which require coordination. The implications for individuals of the shift toward activation is the main driver for this thesis. Activation has changed the relationship between the state and its citizens, has redefined social exclusion, has individualised responsibility for unemployment, and has increased individuals' obligations to become employed and employable. Also, a greater number of individuals—often with multiple, complex, and overlapping problems—are now required to take part in paid employment. If activation is to effectively support unemployed individuals, its governance would have to facilitate coordination. Even though networks and partnership-working have been buzz-terms in relation to public service planning and delivery for some years, empirically, there is still a question over whether this discourse has resulted in coordination on the ground. Studies of coordination in the field of labour market policies have often focused on the link between social assistance and labour market policy. This research examines instead the coordination between labour market and other related policy areas, as well as the coordination between administrative levels and various service providers. Drawing upon document analysis and semi-structure interviews, this thesis shows that coordination is still elusive in practice and develops a framework of governance that might help to better achieve coordination in service provision.

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Posadzy, Kinga. « Social and Economic Factors in Decision Making under Uncertainty : Five Essays in Behavioral Economics ». Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-143035.

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The objective of this thesis is to improve the understanding of human behavior that goes beyond monetary rewards. In particular, it investigates social influences in individual’s decision making in situations that involve coordination, competition, and deciding for others. Further, it compares how monetary and social outcomes are perceived. The common theme of all studies is uncertainty. The first four essays study individual decisions that have uncertain consequences, be it due to the actions of others or chance. The last essay, in turn, uses the advances in research on decision making under uncertainty to predict behavior in riskless choices. The first essay, Fairness Versus Efficiency: How Procedural Fairness Concerns Affect Coordination, investigates whether preferences for fair rules undermine the efficiency of coordination mechanisms that put some individuals at a disadvantage. The results from a laboratory experiment show that the existence of coordination mechanisms, such as action recommendations, increases efficiency, even if one party is strongly disadvantaged by the mechanism. Further, it is demonstrated that while individuals’ behavior does not depend on the fairness of the coordination mechanism, their beliefs about people’s behavior do. The second essay, Dishonesty and Competition. Evidence from a stiff competition environment, explores whether and how the possibility to behave dishonestly affects the willingness to compete and who the winner is in a competition between similarly skilled individuals. We do not find differences in competition entry between competitions in which dishonesty is possible and in which it is not. However, we find that due to the heterogeneity in propensity to behave dishonestly, around 20% of winners are not the best-performing individuals. This implies that the efficient allocation of resources cannot be ensured in a stiff competition in which behavior is unmonitored. The third essay, Tracing Risky Decision Making for Oneself and Others: The Role of Intuition and Deliberation, explores how individuals make choices under risk for themselves and on behalf of other people. The findings demonstrate that while there are no differences in preferences for taking risks when deciding for oneself and for others, individuals have greater decision error when choosing for other individuals. The differences in the decision error can be partly attributed to the differences in information processing; individuals employ more deliberative cognitive processing when deciding for themselves than when deciding for others. Conducting more information processing when deciding for others is related to the reduction in decision error. The fourth essay, The Effect of Decision Fatigue on Surgeons’ Clinical Decision Making, investigates how mental depletion, caused by a long session of decision making, affects surgeon’s decision to operate. Exploiting a natural experiment, we find that surgeons are less likely to schedule an operation for patients who have appointment late during the work shift than for patients who have appointment at the beginning of the work shift. Understanding how the quality of medical decisions depends on when the patient is seen is important for achieving both efficiency and fairness in health care, where long shifts are popular. The fifth essay, Preferences for Outcome Editing in Monetary and Social Contexts, compares whether individuals use the same rules for mental representation of monetary outcomes (e.g., purchases, expenses) as for social outcomes (e.g., having nice time with friends). Outcome editing is an operation in mental accounting that determines whether individuals prefer to first combine multiple outcomes before their evaluation (integration) or evaluate each outcome separately (segregation). I find that the majority of individuals express different preferences for outcome editing in the monetary context than in the social context. Further, while the results on the editing of monetary outcomes are consistent with theoretical predictions, no existing model can explain the editing of social outcomes.

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Kanning, Arnald J. « Unifying commercial laws of nation-states coordination of legal systems and economic growth / ». [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2003. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6010.

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Kamkhaji, Jonathan Camillo. « Regime and learning shifts in fiscal policy coordination under economic and monetary union ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/30017.

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This thesis analyses twenty years of fiscal policy coordination under Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) – its genesis, implementation courses and changes. It does so by resorting to the construct of learning as an ontological trait of policy making and employing modes of policy learning (intended as distinct causal mechanisms) to operationalise this ontology for the sake of empirical investigation. To this end, a “policy learning measuring instrument” has been constructed allowing for the categorisation of each case study in terms of their prevalent mode of learning and then for the testing of mode-specific expected implications. From a methodological point of view, the thesis relies on theory-testing process tracing and evidentiary eclecticism to verify mode-specific observable implications. Throughout its history, the supranational coordination of fiscal policies under EMU has been characterised by three distinct regimes. The first one was substantiated by the fiscal criteria of Stage II of EMU (in force during the period of 1994-1998). The prevalent mode of learning under this regime was hierarchical. In terms of outcomes, that mode led to instrumental learning that sustained the process of convergence. The launch of the euro and the adoption of the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) substantiated a new fiscal policy coordination regime that lasted until 2010. Under the SGP, learning took place as a by-product of bargaining and reinforced strategic and opportunistic implementation. The financial crisis of 2007/2008 led to a de facto abeyance of the SGP and to its overhaul from 2010. Within this episode of policy change two case studies were distilled, one of emergency-driven, intracrisis management and one of long term, institutional change. While the first case was explained through a mechanism of contingent learning, the second one was crucially found to be driven by epistemic forces. The findings arising out of this study are conversant with different strands of the literature and, in particular, seek to contribute to the political economy of the E(M)U and to integration theories at large.

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Antonakakis, Nikolaos, et Gabriele Tondl. « Does Integration and Economic Policy Coordination Promote Business Cycle Synchronization in the EU ? » Springer, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10663-014-9254-2.

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Previous studies have discounted important factors and indirect channels that might contribute to business cycle synchronization (BSC) in the EU. We estimate the effects of market integration and economic policy coordination on bilateral business cycle correlations over the period 1995-2012 using a simultaneous equations model that takes into accounts both the endogenous relationships and unveils direct and indirect effects. The results suggest that (i) trade and FDI have a pronounced positive effect on BCS, particularly between incumbent and new EU members. (ii) Rising specialization does not decouple business cycles. (iii) The decline of income disparities in EU27 contributes to BCS, as converging countries develop stronger trade and FDI linkages. (iv) There is strong evidence that poor fiscal discipline of EU members is a major impediment of business cycle synchronization. (v) The same argument holds true for exchange rate fluctuations that hinder BCS, particularly in EU15. Since BCS is a fundamental prerequisite and objective in an effective monetary union, the EU has to promote market integration and strengthen the common setting of economic policies.

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Nickel, Carsten. « Rhineland revisited : subsidiarity and the historical origins of coordination : comparing Germany with the Netherlands and France (800-1914) ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9b3f50c9-cddf-43a2-bf5b-c6ab5689a4a3.

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What explains the historical emergence of coordinated economic institutions for human capital formation and welfare provision? Surveying roughly one millennium of political and economic development in Germany, the Netherlands and France up until 1914, this thesis argues that da-ting back to the Middle Ages, the earliest forerunners of modern economic coordination could develop only in institutional complementarity with a specific form of political decentralisation, connected via their jointly enabling effect on collective action. This mutually re-enforcing com-plementarity gave rise to societies organised around the principle of subsidiarity, in which an often structurally unclear distribution of decision-making powers prompts political and eco-nomic actors to coordinate across different hierarchical levels. The comparison of eventually federal Germany with the ultimately unitary Netherlands - both of which developed significant patterns of economic coordination - demonstrates that political decentralisation under subsidi-arity does not simply equal the modern (American) reference model of clear-cut, rights-based federalism. Meanwhile the experience of strongly centralised France highlights that without this decentralisation, institutions of economic coordination hardly develop. Collective action is diffi-cult to harness if subsidiarity is absent because on the central state level, and unlike in economically more homogenous local contexts, economic interests often remain too diverse to coordi-nate. The historical result has been the emergence of decentralised-coordinated political econo-mies under subsidiarity in Germany and the Netherlands, and of a centralised, non-coordinated system in France. A better understanding of these institutional complementarities can help us historically inform recent scholarly debates on the emergence of modern political-economic organisation in the 19th century and on current governance problems in the Eurozone. The thesis seeks to contribute to the historical study of comparative political economy by highlighting how particular complementary institutions of political and economic governance have co-developed over time. It is argued that this understudied aspect of institutional development is crucial for understanding processes of continuity and change in advanced capitalism.

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Janssen, Tanguy. « Economic analysis of the cross-border coordination of operation in the European power system ». Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979385.

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The electricity high voltage transmission networks are interconnected over most of the continents but this is not the case of the power system organizations. Indeed, as described with the concept of integrated power system, the organization over these large networks is divided by several kinds of internal borders. In this context, the research object, the cross-border coordination of operation, is a set of coordination arrangements over internal borders between differing regulatory, technical and market designs. These arrangements can include for instance the famous market couplings, some cost-sharing agreements or common security assessments among several other solutions. The existence and improvement of the cross-border coordination of operation can be beneficial to the whole integrated power system. This statement is verified in the European case as in 2012 where several regional and continental coordination arrangements are successfully implemented.In order to benefit from the European experience and contribute to support the European improvement process, this thesis investigates the cross-border coordination of operation in the European case with four angles of study. First, a modular framework is built to describe the existing solutions and the implementation choices from a regulatory point of view. Second, the thesis analyses the tools available to assess the impact of an evolution of the cross-border coordination. Third, the role of the European Union (EU) is described as critical both for the existing arrangements and to support the improvement process. The last angle of study focuses on two dimensions of the economic modes of coordination between transmission system operators.

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Tena, Mokgadi. « Official development assistance (ODA) : coordination, management and its impact in the National Department of Science and Technology (DST) ». Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020023.

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South Africa (SA) has been a recipient of Official Development Assistance (ODA) prior to the democratic elections in 1994. Even though there has been progress in terms of aligning the ODA to SA government priorities and the good aid management principles, it has been a challenge to trace the amount of the ODA received across government departments and its impact thereon. For various reasons, reporting on the impact of the ODA has been very challenging for most of the departments. Some departments do not use government systems such as the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) account, through which it is required by the Policy Framework and Procedural Guidelines for the Management of ODA that all funds are transferred and channelled. As stipulated in the Policy Framework and Procedural Guidelines for the Management of ODA, the ODA is targeted towards innovation, piloting and value-add, as it only constitutes 1.5 percent of the overall budget of the country. As a result, most government departments utilise ODA as a gap-filler, to pay for unplanned activities that would have otherwise not been budgeted for in the government’s fiscal budget. This leads to departments not reporting as they fear that the ODA will then be withdrawn from them (Policy Guidelines2003). The Department of Science and Technology is one of the South African government departments that received high ODA for the period 2005-2011. The department not only spans across all sectors in terms of research and capacity development, but it has also established strategic international partnerships to collaborate in the research arena. In light of the above, it is interesting to explore how coordination is carried out and what impact if any; 2 the ODA has on the proposed Department of Science and Technology projects. This study explores the Department of Science and Technology, which is a recipient and implementer of ODA, and analyses how they co-ordinate, utilise and report on the ODA. The project that will be analysed is a Sector Budget Support Programme that focuses on poverty alleviation within the capacity development sector.

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Goodison, Paul. « Relations between the European Economic Community and the Southern African Development Coordination Conference - an assessment ». Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383646.

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Zagler, Martin. « Capital Taxation and Economic Performance ». SFB International Tax Coordination, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2007. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1516/1/document.pdf.

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A new technology is a bold new combination of production factors that potentially yields a higher level of total factor productivity. The optimal combination of input factors is unknown when an innovation is pursued. A larger targeted innovation may require a greater change in the optimal combination of production factors employed and increases volatility alongside with economic growth. We show that economic policy can interfere in this relationship with by adjusting source based capital income taxes.
Series: Discussion Papers SFB International Tax Coordination

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Persson, Lars. « Environmental policy and transboundary externalities : coordination and commitment in open economies ». Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Economics, Umeå University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1917.

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Udeh, Alozie Donatus. « Intergovernmental cooperation and coordination at the local government level : The case of economic development in Riverside County ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/144.

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The purpose of this study is to encourage intergovernmental cooperation and coordination at the local government level and to foster joint ventures, while hoping to discourage duplication of efforts for unjustified and unwise reasons - WRCOG. Also, being a part will break down barriers to IGC-CALG and limit fierce competition among agencies.

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Hong, Yuqun. « Monetary policy coordination between the United States and the Euro Area : an application of indirect inference to a two-country DSGE model ». Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/57140/.

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Calls for monetary policy coordination has increased as the intensifed macro- economic interdependence cultivates the conflict of interests between economics, especially following the current crisis. Yet the literature has not reached a con- sensus on whether monetary policy coordination is welfare-improving. This thesis, taking from another perspective, assesses the real-world existence and extent of monetary policy coordination associated with economic interdepen- dence between the United States (US) and the Euro Area (EA), and investigates the changes of international transmission in the presence of coordination. Monetary policy coordination is represented by direct responses of monetary policy instruments to contemporaneous and lagged values of the real exchange rate. By using the method of indirect inference, this research also incorporates historical data into in-sample evaluation and estimation of the 'Dynamic Sto- chastic General Equilibrium'(DSGE) model. Beginning with indirect inference evaluations of a two-country DSGE model of the US and EA, it is found that models with coordination generally outperform their non-coordination counterpartindicating the existence of coordination. The real exchange rate is the essence of such improvement in the model's efficacy; and it is shown that coordination models have an excellent ability to replicate real exchange rate dynamics and volatility relative to a non-coordination model, even though it still remains a source of relatively poor performance of model. By applying an extensive indirect inference estimation, the existence of mon- etary coordination is ascertained since a partial-coordination model outstrips the non-coordination model remarkably. Both the US and EA economies exhibit moderate to high levels of monetary coordination. Such features improve the model's performance; particularly in terms of dynamics of US time series, volatil- ity of EA time series and both dynamics and volatility of the real exchange rate. Impulse responses and variance decomposition reveal substantial cross-country spillovers in contrast to the non-coordination model case.

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Ogoun, Eddie E. « Southern African development coordination conference SADCC : an assessment of economic integration and reduction of dependency in the region ». DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1987. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3329.

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This research is aimed at assessing SADCC in relation to the degree to which it has accomplished its own aims, regional economic integration and reduction of dependency. The study has relied on and used the dependency theory which holds that the development in a peripheral capitalist system is a continuous process of dispossessing the less developed countries of their raw materials in favor of maintaining the advancement of the capitalist countries. In short, neo-colonial dependence view of underdevelopment attributes a large part of the Third World's continuing and worsening poverty to the existence and policies of the industrial capitalist and socialist countries and their extensions in the form of small but powerful elite groups in the less developed countries. The research came with the following findings and conclusions. That SADCC countries have been integrated into the capitalist system due to the European colonization. That despite the efforts of SADCC and their proclaimed goals of economic integration and self-reliance, the SADCC region has not reduced dependency but rather there is a new dependency on other external countries. SADCC's committed strategies have not produced self-reliance and economic integration in the region due to the structure and activities of SADCC. In order to correct this imbalance and dependency, few options are possible. SADCC should embark upon the socialist mode of development because socialist methods will diminish the degree of dependency as in the case of Cuba. Intra-regional trade should be encouraged to bring about some form of transaction flows and economic integration. Establish appropriate ways of encouraging agricultural productivity in order to alleviate the shortage of food problems in the region and adopt capital accumulation methods.

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Barros, de Oliveira Nuno R. « A theory of coordination voids in dynamic inter-organisational relationships : a study of social housing projects in England ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/695/.

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Inter-organisational relationships are at the heart of economic activity and the benefits of inter-organisational collaboration are widely reported. However, theoretical understanding of how inter-organisational relationships are coordinated and why they encounter coordination problems remains limited. I address these questions through a study of seven social housing projects in England, completed between 2008 and 2011. Drawing on the richness of data from over 3,900 pages of minutes from meetings and project reports, I integrate social network analysis techniques (SNA) used to map dynamic inter-organisational relationships with content analysis, through which I explore coordination-related aspects. Surprisingly, coordination proved not to be (directly) related to administrative mechanisms. Instead, I show that coordination stems from the interplay between administrative mechanisms and the structure of the inter-organisational relationships, as shown by two theoretical mechanisms: organising and relating. The former captures the finding that the use of contracting fosters hierarchy, while the latter shows that monitoring organisations foster density of inter-organisational relationships. I discover that inter-organisational relationships are coordinated through the juggling of these mechanisms over time. Furthermore, my analysis demonstrates that coordination problems stem from: contractual bottlenecks and organisational expertise-driven homophily. Interestingly, this exposes a tension between mechanisms intended to aid coordination and the manifestation of coordination problems. Theorising on this tension, I am led to a framework of coordination voids – discontinuities in the fabric of inter-organisational relationships resulting from mechanisms intended to aid coordination, but in fact hampering coordination under certain conditions. I discuss a set of theoretical contributions to the strategic management and organisational and management theory, alongside a methodological contribution. I conclude my discussion of the contributions of this thesis by drawing practical implications for managers and policy-makers. I hope that my study will stimulate a research agenda on the coordination of inter-organisational relationships, preferably one that also engages with societal challenges.

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Lee, Poh Onn 1963. « Social coordination and forest conflicts : a case study on Sarawak, Malaysia ». Monash University, Dept. of Economics, 2000. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8375.

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O'Neill, Moira Patricia. « Evolution and Cooperation in the Youngstown Area ». Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1564599603688389.

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Vojtovičová, Anna. « Vplyv plnenia stratégií konkurencieschopnosti na priebeh dlhovej krízy v EÚ ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199914.

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The main approach to the solution of the debt crisis, which started in EU in 2010, was the adoption of measures focusing on fiscal consolidation. But despite them it is still not possible to claim that the debt crisis has been resolved, and the economic stagnation of EU continues. This thesis follows alternative approach to the solution of debt crisis, specifically the measures revolving around fostering of economic growth. It looks into how different extent of implementation of competitiveness strategies, whose goal together with the improvement of country competitiveness is to also improve economic growth, influenced the impact of debt crisis on selected countries. Based on this analysis we draw a conclusion whether or not measures focused on the economic growth could be a more effective solution of the debt crisis.

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Kpade, Patrice Cokou. « Adaptation de la coordination et nouvelles contradictions entre acteurs du système coton au Bénin face à la libéralisation économique ». Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOE015/document.

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Les récentes crises économiques et financières mettent en débat les prescriptions de politiques dictées par les institutions financières internationales pour réguler les économies. Ces mêmes prescriptions de politiques économiques ont conduit à modifier l’organisation du système coton du Bénin dans le cadre des programmes d’ajustement structurel depuis 1991. L’objet de la thèse est d’analyser les effets de la libéralisation économique du système coton sur les règles de fonctionnement, les interrelations entre producteurs, la coordination économique et sur les mécanismes de prise de décisions, de choix de production et de répartition des ressources. Pour y répondre, nous avons mobilisé la théorie de l’économie institutionnelle dans sa version originelle avec une démarche comparative temporelle pour faire ressortir l’articulation marchand/non marchand. Nos résultats montrent que la stabilité institutionnelle et celle des transactions de répartition entre producteurs résultent de la formation de communautés d’acteurs qui ont encadré et contrôlé les relations marchandes et non marchandes en amont et en aval de la production cotonnière. En revanche, l’introduction de relations marchandes pour le contrôle des ressources dans la coordination depuis 2002 rend instable les institutions et les transactions de répartition. La multifonctionnalité du coton rendue possible par les institutions qui régulent les relations économiques des producteurs est négativement affectée. Il apparaît alors des tensions entre acteurs qui n’incitent plus à la production cotonnière ni aux productions non marchandes. A partir de différents niveaux de spécialisation cotonnière, les unités de production agricole adoptent de nouvelles stratégies quitte à remettre en cause les relations et valeurs de solidarité et la stabilité institutionnelle. Les choix de production et l’allocation des ressources sont déterminés simultanément par des considérations marchandes et l’appartenance à un groupe ou à une famille. La thèse conclut que si les institutions sont nécessaires pour la coordination économique et pour faire fonctionner les marchés, elles sont cependant amoindries lorsque les relations marchandes dominent les relations économiques. Il s’ensuit au cours des dernières années, une baisse de la production de coton qui fragilise l’économie du Bénin. Atteindre les objectifs de production cotonnière fixés par le gouvernement béninois suppose de conforter les institutions fragilisées par la libéralisation
Recent economic and financial crises have prompted discussion of economic policy requirements dictated by international financial institutions to borrowing countries. Such economic policy prescriptions have modified the organization of the cotton system in Beninwith structural adjustment programs since 1991. The objective of the thesis is to analyze how economic liberalization of the cotton system has affected working rules, interrelationships between producers, economic coordination, decision-making mechanisms, crop choice and the distribution of resources. To answer, we adopt a traditional institutional economics framework and use a temporal comparative approach to highlight the joint of market/ nonmarket relationships. Results show that the stability of institutions and the rationing transactions among producers had resulted from the formation of communities of actors which supervised and controlled market/ non-market relationships ahead and down stream production. However, greater competition for resources control in the coordination since 2002 has made the institutions and rationing transactions unstable. Cotton’s multifunctionality,which is enhanced by such institutions and the collective action of producers, is negatively affected. It appears tensions between actors which discouraged both cotton production and non-market production. At different levels of cotton production specialization, farms have adopted new strategies that threaten producer solidarity and institutional stability. Production decisions and resource allocations are both determined by market forces and by group or family memberships. The thesis concludes that strong institutions are necessary for economic coordination and for market regulation, and that they become weak when market forces dominate economic relationships. It follows that in recent years, liberalization has led to a decline in cotton production, which weakens the economy of Benin. Achieving the cotton production goals set by the government of Benin implies a need to strengthen the institutions weakened by recent liberalization

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Haas, Jörg [Verfasser], Henrik [Akademischer Betreuer] Enderlein, Amy [Akademischer Betreuer] Verdun, Mark [Akademischer Betreuer] Hallerberg, Mark [Gutachter] Hallerberg, Amy [Gutachter] Verdun et Mark [Gutachter] Jachtenfuchs. « Economic Policy Coordination and the European Semester / Jörg Haas ; Gutachter : Mark Hallerberg, Amy Verdun, Mark Jachtenfuchs ; Henrik Enderlein, Amy Verdun, Mark Hallerberg ». Berlin : Hertie School, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1230055983/34.

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Panetti, Ettore. « Essays on the Economics of Banks and Markets ». Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-93683.

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This thesis consists of three essays. The first essay, “A Theory of Bank Illiquidity and Default with Hidden Trades”, develops a theory of banking to explore how the availability of trading opportunities for both banks and individual investors affects the link between illiquidity and default in the financial system. The results show that default emerges only in the presence of systemic risk, and when an unpredicted crisis hits the economy. Moreover, in contrast to the previous literature, default is not an efficient outcome of the economy. The second essay, “Financial Liberalization with Hidden Trades”, studies how the availability of unregulated market-based channels for the circulation of liquidity in the financial system affects the process of financial integration, and the efficiency of the corresponding equilibrium, in a two-country economy with comparative advantages. The results show that the only level of integration which the two countries are able to coordinate is the one where the two banking systems are autarkic, but international hidden trades are possible. Moreover, the resulting consumption allocation is constrained efficient. The third essay, “Bank Liquidity, Stock Market Participation, and Economic Growth”, develops a dynamic growth model with fully microfounded banks and markets to explain the observed decreasing trend in the relative liquidity of many financial systems around the world. The main result characterizes the threshold after which the agents in the economy are rich enough to access the market, where the relative liquidity is lower, and shows that the relative liquidity of the whole financial system (banks and markets) drops because of the increasing market participation. Some evidence consistent with this theoretical prediction is provided: a one-unit increase in an index of securities market liberalization leads to a drop in the relative liquidity of between 13 and 22 per cent.

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Gondwe, Carlton H. M. « Dependency, economic integration and development in developing areas : the cases of EAC, ECOWAS and SADCC ». Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66066.

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Vilpoux, Olivier. « Étude des coordinations verticales entre entreprises transformatrices de manioc et producteurs agricoles, au sud du Brésil ». Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1997_VILPOUX_O.pdf.

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Le Brésil est le deuxième producteur mondial de manioc, avec une production annuelle de 25 millions de tonnes. Il existe une grande variété de dérivés industriels du manioc, dont les principaux sont la farinha, l'amidon aigre et la fécule. La production de ces produits pose de graves problèmes, les plus importants étant dus à l'approvisionnement en matière première. Le développement des entreprises passe par l'obtention de manioc tout au long de l'année, à un prix stable, afin d'utiliser le maximum de la capacité installée. La résolution de ces problèmes dépend essentiellement des modes de coordination entre producteurs et transformateurs de manioc. L’analyse s'appuie sur la théorie des couts de transaction. 7 modes de coordinations sont définis, qui vont du marché, ou les garanties sont absentes, à l'intégration verticale, à garantie forte d'approvisionnement, en passant par différents types d'accords contractuels. Ces coordinations sont classées en fonction de leur efficacité, mesurée à partir du pourcentage d'utilisation de la capacité installée des entreprises et de l'évolution de leur production au cours des dernières années. L’analyse démontre que les modes de coordination les plus efficaces sont les accords contractuels à garanties moyennes (achat anticipé de la production, prêts aux agriculteurs) et fortes (quasi intégration). En raison de coûts de transaction élevés, ces coordinations sont peu fréquentes. L’analyse est réalisée par secteur d'activité et en fonction de la taille des entreprises, et s'attache à déterminer quels sont les facteurs qui influencent ces coûts. Aux caractéristiques des transactions, définies par les barrières à la mobilité (spécificité des actifs de Williamson), le risque, la fréquence et l'évaluation des performances des transactions, est additionnée la personnalité des dirigeants d'entreprises. Le résultat final met en évidence l'influence de ces facteurs sur les modes de coordination, et les actions à mettre en œuvre pour favoriser les coordinations les plus efficaces. Le marché est le mode de coordination dont la mise en place nécessite le moins d'investissements. Compte tenu de cette caractéristique, les solutions pour un meilleur développement du marché sont également analysées.

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Conway, Carol Elizabeth. « Direito econômico sancionador : coordenação das esferas administrativa e penal em matéria de abuso de poder econômico ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2133/tde-11022015-083027/.

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A Constituição de 1988, seguindo a moderna tendência de delegação à administração de funções que vão além do exercício de poder de polícia e de atividades econômicas pela via direta, traçou como objetivo da máquina pública a efetiva contribuição para o alcance de um modelo que equilibre, de um lado, as liberdades sociais, com amplo desenvolvimento e dignidade humana, e, de outro, o exercício da liberdade de iniciativa empresarial, fruto do modelo capitalista em vigor. Sob a ótica infraconstitucional, para alcançar tais objetivos, faz-se necessário repensar o papel do Direito, de modo que se busquem métodos que permitam a difícil, porém não impossível tarefa de equilibrar tais interesses. O Direito Econômico é a resposta para a concretização dessa tarefa, graças à sua vocação metodológica de integração dos ramos tradicionais do pensamento jurídico, aproximando teoria e prática. Partindo do tema da sanção ao abuso de poder econômico, este trabalho versa sobre a necessidade de uma melhor coordenação entre os direitos administrativo e penal, ambos legitimados a punir agentes que se exacerbem no exercício da liberdade de iniciativa, para que melhor se possa acomodar o arranjo institucional necessário aos objetivos traçados. Serão analisados, neste estudo, aspectos teóricos e legais das duas matérias, de modo que se identifiquem os temas e a s sanções que, embora independentes, devem ser coordenados tanto sob a ótica dos incentivos à cooperação dos agentes com as autoridades quanto sob a ótica de um direito único e de sanções eficazes. Analisar-se-ão, também, os modelos adotados em diversos países para tratar do tema e, ao final do trabalho, serão propostas melhorias legislativas e principiologia doutrinária para o nosso ordenamento. Com a criação de diversos órgãos administrativos judicantes, que, sem pretender substituir o Judiciário, procuram contribuir com o mencionado equilíbrio constitucional, tal como é o Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (Cade), ganha ainda mais relevo o já consagrado princípio da subsidiariedade penal, bem como a necessidade de efetiva garantia das garantias principiológicas de contraditório e da ampla defesa no campo da administração e do processo administrativo. A fortificação das estruturas processuais e procedimentais de coordenação das sanções administrativa e penal favorece não apenas o indivíduo, mas principalmente a coletividade, mediante a incorporação de um sistema mais ágil e especializado e principalmente dos incentivos para a prevenção de infrações, que decorre da certeza de aplicação da sanção em caso de abuso de poder econômico.
The Brazilian Constitution, following the modern trend to empower the public administration to develop tasks that goes beyond the classic policy powers and direct services, fixed as a goal to be implemented by them the achievement of a environment that combines, in one side, the social freedom, with special attention to the development of the human dignity and the overall development of the country, and, in the other side, the freedom of corporate initiative, as a premise of the capitalism. Under a infracontitucional point of view, to reach these goals is necessary to think about the role of the law itself, to search for methods that can give a solution to the hard- but not impossible- task of equalize the two sides mentioned above. The Economic Law is the answer to the achievement of the goal, thanks to its methodological vocation to integrate the traditional law topics, approximating legal theory and the human and markets behavior. Starting from the study of the sanction, this work talks about the need of a better coordination between administrative and criminal law, both legitimate under Brazilian law to punish those who violate the competition and freedom of initiative, which is necessary to achieve the new constitutional goals. Along the work it will be analyzed theoretical and legal aspects of administrative and criminal law to identify the aspects that needs a better coordination in terms of authority cooperation incentives and effectiveness, although the authorities remains independent to enforce the law. It will be also analyzed the overseas legislation and way of coordination between administrative and criminal authorities, and in the end of the work there will be some suggestions of law modifications and a doctrinaire principle. Considering the creation of several agencies that develop jurisdictional functions to contribute to the balance of constitutional goals mentioned above without the intention to substitute courts just as Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica- CADE- the Brazilian competition authority- there is even more relevant to apply the principle of criminal law subsidiary and the due process of law in the field of administrative law and its procedural. The fortification of the process structure favors not only the individual but also the society as a whole, as its output is a better system to prevent and punish misconducts that derives of the certainty of punishment in cases of economic power abuse.

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Grosso, Pérez Juan Manuel. « On model predictive control for economic and robust operation of generalised flow-based networks ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/288218.

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This thesis is devoted to design Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategies aiming to enhance the management of constrained generalised flow-based networks, with special attention to the economic optimisation and robust performance of such systems. Several control schemes are developed in this thesis to exploit the available economic information of the system operation and the disturbance information obtained from measurements and forecasting models. Dynamic network flows theory is used to develop control-oriented models that serve to design MPC controllers specialised for flow networks with additive disturbances and periodically time-varying dynamics and costs. The control strategies developed in this thesis can be classified in two categories: centralised MPC strategies and non-centralised MPC strategies. Such strategies are assessed through simulations of a real case study: the Barcelona drinking water network (DWN). Regarding the centralised strategies, different economic MPC formulations are first studied to guarantee recursive feasibility and stability under nominal periodic flow demands and possibly time-varying economic parameters and multi-objective cost functions. Additionally, reliability-based MPC, chance-constrained MPC and tree-based MPC strategies are proposed to address the reliability of both the flow storage and the flow transportation tasks in the network. Such strategies allow to satisfy a customer service level under future flow demand uncertainty and to efficiently distribute overall control effort under the presence of actuators degradation. Moreover, soft-control techniques such as artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic are used to incorporate self-tuning capabilities to an economic certainty-equivalent MPC controller. Since there are objections to the use of centralised controllers in large-scale networks, two non-centralised strategies are also proposed. First, a multi-layer distributed economic MPC strategy of low computational complexity is designed with a control topology structured in two layers. In a lower layer, a set of local MPC agents are in charge of controlling partitions of the overall network by exchanging limited information on shared resources and solving their local problems in a hierarchical-like fashion. Moreover, to counteract the loss of global economic information due to the decomposition of the overall control task, a coordination layer is designed to influence non-iteratively the decision of local controllers towards the improvement of the overall economic performance. Finally, a cooperative distributed economic MPC formulation based on a periodic terminal cost/region is proposed. Such strategy guarantees convergence to a Nash equilibrium without the need of a coordinator and relies on an iterative and global communication of local controllers, which optimise in parallel their control actions but using a centralised model of the network.
Esta tesis se enfoca en el diseño de estrategias de control predictivo basado en modelos (MPC, por sus siglas en inglés) con la meta de mejorar la gestión de sistemas que pueden ser descritos por redes generalizadas de flujo y que están sujetos a restricciones, enfatizando especialmente en la optimización económica y el desempeño robusto de tales sistemas. De esta manera, varios esquemas de control se desarrollan en esta tesis para explotar tanto la información económica disponible de la operación del sistema como la información de perturbaciones obtenida de datos medibles y de modelos de predicción. La teoría de redes dinámicas de flujo es utilizada en esta tesis para desarrollar modelos orientados a control que sirven para diseñar controladores MPC especializados para la gestión de redes de flujo que presentan tanto perturbaciones aditivas como dinámicas y costos periódicamente variables en el tiempo. Las estrategias de control propuestas en esta tesis se pueden clasificar en dos categorías: estrategias de control MPC centralizado y estrategias de control MPC no-centralizado. Dichas estrategias son evaluadas mediante simulaciones de un caso de estudio real: la red de transporte de agua potable de Barcelona en España. En cuanto a las estrategias de control MPC centralizado, diferentes formulaciones de controladores MPC económicos son primero estudiadas para garantizar factibilidad recursiva y estabilidad del sistema cuya operación responde a demandas nominales de flujo periódico, a parámetros económicos posiblemente variantes en el tiempo y a funciones de costo multi-objetivo. Adicionalmente, estrategias de control MPC basado en fiabilidad, MPC con restricciones probabilísticas y MPC basado en árboles de escenarios son propuestas para garantizar la fiabilidad tanto de tareas de almacenamiento como de transporte de flujo en la red. Tales estrategias permiten satisfacer un nivel de servicio al cliente bajo incertidumbre en la demanda futura, así como distribuir eficientemente el esfuerzo global de control bajo la presencia de degradación en los actuadores del sistema. Por otra parte, técnicas de computación suave como redes neuronales artificiales y lógica difusa se utilizan para incorporar capacidades de auto-sintonía en un controlador MPC económico de certeza-equivalente. Dado que hay objeciones al uso de control centralizado en redes de gran escala, dos estrategias de control no-centralizado son propuestas en esta tesis. Primero, un controlador MPC económico distribuido de baja complejidad computacional es diseñado con una topología estructurada en dos capas. En una capa inferior, un conjunto de controladores MPC locales se encargan de controlar particiones de la red mediante el intercambio de información limitada de los recursos físicos compartidos y resolviendo sus problemas locales de optimización de forma similar a una secuencia jerárquica de solución. Para contrarrestar la pérdida de información económica global que ocurra tras la descomposición de la tarea de control global, una capa de coordinación es diseñada para influenciar no-iterativamente la decisión de los controles locales con el fin de lograr una mejora global del desempeño económico. La segunda estrategia no-centralizada propuesta en esta tesis es una formulación de control MPC económico distribuido cooperativo basado en una restricción terminal periódica. Tal estrategia garantiza convergencia a un equilibrio de Nash sin la necesidad de una capa de coordinación pero requiere una comunicación iterativa de información global entre todos los controladores locales, los cuales optimizan en paralelo sus acciones de control utilizando un modelo centralizado de la red.

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Dzengwa, Simphiwe. « An appraisal of the Department of Provincial and Local Government's management and coordination of Donor Assistance Programs to local government in South Africa ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007923.

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This study is a contribution to the ongoing debate concerning the role and involvement of foreign donor entities in the processes of transforming and creating viable and sustainable municipal entities in South Africa. The discussion particularly focuses on the relationship between the donor community and the Department of Provincial and Local Government (DPLG) and how this relationship has been nurtured, coordinated and managed. The study acknowledges the challenges pertaining to local government transformation and the role and mandate assigned to the DPLG by the South African Constitution and the Presidential Coordinating Council (PCC) for it to facilitate the creation of developmental local government. In discussing this, consideration is given to capacity and resource constraints within the Department, which necessitate that it collaborates closely with other stakeholders, particularly donors, in seeking to augment its resource base and capacity. The Department's lack of capacity is further complicated by the various pieces of legislation, which have a serious bearing on how municipalities have to work - irrespective of their capacity and resources limitations. The research also focuses on how this relationship, between the DPLG and foreign aid donors working in the local government sector, is coordinated and managed. From evidence gathered and interviews conducted, the conclusion is drawn that there is much room for the DPLG to improve and strategically focus its interaction with donors as informed by its mandate and strategic priorities. Proposals, which entail development of donor management guidelines, setting up of a donor coordination unit within DPLG, the improvement of the understanding of donor work politics and modalities among DPLG officials, etc., are made.

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Canto, Neto Alcindo Costa. « Fatores determinantes da competitividade do agronegócio brasileiro ». Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9322.

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During the last three decades macroeconomic factors such as fiscal discipline, exchange rate control, monetary policies, and microeconomic issues, for instance technological improvements, government support and specific market conditions, could have had significant influence on the agricultural business behavior as a whole. The importance of the Brazilian agribusiness, that puts the country among the most competitive in the world industrial commodity production, with a huge potential for both horizontal and vertical supply expansion, as a result of number of factors, such as investment on technology and research, that brought a sharp increase of the productivity. However other variables also had a relevant weight on current dynamic of the sector, for example the reduction of governments interventions and as result, the market desregulation, the increase trade activity on the world, and the price stability post Plano Real. The main purpose of this work is to examine the pace of brazilian agribusiness growth over the last 40 years, to analise how it has sorved to the top of the export tables, and to describe how the increase trade activity resulted on institutional improvements. Such changes reflected on other improvements on the agricultural environment, that boosted competition and created numerous opportunities for this market´s players. Through literature revision, this work discuss the fundamentals for the brazilian agribusiness success
Ao longo das últimas três décadas tanto os fatores macroeconômicos, tais como as políticas monetária, fiscal e cambial e os microeconômicos, como por exemplo tecnologia, apoio governamental e condições específicas de mercado, podem ter desempenhado relevante influência no desempenho da agricultura brasileira e, portanto, do agronegócio como um todo. A importância do agronegócio brasileiro, que coloca o país entre as nações mais competitivas do mundo na produção de commodities agroindustriais, com enorme potencial de expansão horizontal e vertical da oferta, é o resultado de uma combinação de fatores, entre eles principalmente investimentos em tecnologia e pesquisa, que levaram ao aumento exponencial da produtividade. Mas outras variáveis tiveram igualmente peso importante na configuração do setor na atualidade, entre elas a redução da intervenção do governo no setor com a desregulamentação dos mercados, a abertura comercial e a estabilidade da economia após o Plano Real. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é examinar como foi o padrão de crescimento da agricultura brasileira nos últimos 40 anos e analisar como se deu a ascensão do agronegócio, principalmente na liderança nas exportações e analisar como a abertura comercial desencadeou um processo de mudanças no ambiente institucional do qual faz parte o agribusiness brasileiro. Tais mudanças indicaram mudanças no ambiente competitivo, que intensificaram a concorrência e por outro lado abriram um leque de novas oportunidades para os agentes deste mercado. Através da revisão da literatura, esse trabalho discute os fundamentos do sucesso do agronegócio brasileiro

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Pereira, Ana Elisa Gonçalves. « Essays on coordination problems in economics ». reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/16668.

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There are several economic situations in which an agent’s willingness to take a given action is increasing in the amount of other agents who are expected to do the same. These kind of strategic complementarities often lead to multiple equilibria. Moreover, the outcome achieved by agents’ decentralized decisions may be inefficient, leaving room for policy interventions. This dissertation analyzes different environments in which coordination among individuals is a concern. The first chapter analyzes how information manipulation and disclosure affect coordination and welfare in a bank-run model. There is a financial regulator who cannot credibly commit to reveal the situation of the banking sector truthfully. The regulator observes banks’ idiosyncratic information (through a stress test, for example) and chooses whether to disclose it to the public or only to release a report on the health of the entire financial system. The aggregate report may be distorted at a cost – higher cost means higher credibility. Investors are aware of the regulator’s incentives to conceal bad news from the market, but manipulation may still be effective. If the regulator’s credibility is not too low, the disclosure policy is state-contingent and there is always a range of states in which there is information manipulation in equilibrium. If credibility is low enough, the regulator opts for full transparency, since opacity would trigger a systemic run no matter the state. In this case only the most solid banks survive. The level of credibility that maximizes welfare from an ex ante perspective is interior. The second and the third chapters study coordination problems in dynamic environments. The second chapter analyzes welfare in a setting where agents receive random opportunities to switch between two competing networks. It shows that whenever the intrinsically worst one prevails, this is efficient. In fact, a central planner would be even more inclined towards the worst option. Inefficient shifts to the intrinsically best network might occur in equilibrium. When there are two competing standards or networks of different qualities, if everyone were to opt for one of them at the same time, the efficient solution would be to choose the best one. However, when there are timing frictions and agents do not switch from one option to another all at once, the efficient solution differs from conventional wisdom. The third chapter analyzes a dynamic coordination problem with staggered decisions where agents are ex ante heterogeneous. We show there is a unique equilibrium, which is characterized by thresholds that determine the choices of each type of agent. Although payoffs are heterogeneous, the equilibrium features a lot of conformity in behavior. Equilibrium vii thresholds for different types of agents partially coincide as long as there exists a set of beliefs that would make this coincidence possible. However, the equilibrium strategies never fully coincide. Moreover, we show conformity is not inefficient. In the efficient solution, agents follow others even more often than in the decentralized equilibrium.
No estudo da economia, há diversas situações em que a propensão de um indivíduo a tomar determinada ação é crescente na quantidade de outras pessoas que este indivíduo acredita que tomarão a mesma ação. Esse tipo de complementaridade estratégica geralmente leva à existência de múltiplos equilíbrios. Além disso, o resultado atingido pelas decisões decentralizadas dos agentes pode ser ineficiente, deixando espaço para intervenções de política econômica. Esta tese estuda diferentes ambientes em que a coordenação entre indivíduos é importante. O primeiro capítulo analisa como a manipulação de informação e a divulgação de informação afetam a coordenação entre investidores e o bem-estar em um modelo de corridas bancárias. No modelo, há uma autoridade reguladora que não pode se comprometer a revelar a verdadeira situação do setor bancário. O regulador observa informações idiossincráticas dos bancos (através de um stress test, por exemplo) e escolhe se revela essa informação para o público ou se divulga somente um relatório agregado sobre a saúde do sistema financeiro como um todo. O relatório agregado pode ser distorcido a um custo – um custo mais elevado significa maior credibilidade do regulador. Os investidores estão cientes dos incentivos do regulador a esconder más notícias do mercado, mas a manipulação de informação pode, ainda assim, ser efetiva. Se a credibilidade do regulador não for muito baixa, a política de divulgação de informação é estado-contingente, e existe sempre um conjunto de estados em que há manipulação de informação em equilíbrio. Se a credibilidade for suficientemente baixa, porém, o regulador opta por transparência total dos resultados banco-específicos, caso em que somente os bancos mais sólidos sobrevivem. Uma política de opacidade levaria a uma crise bancária sistêmica, independentemente do estado. O nível de credibilidade que maximiza o bem-estar agregado do ponto de vista ex ante é interior. O segundo e o terceiro capítulos estudam problemas de coordenação dinâmicos. O segundo capítulo analisa o bem-estar em um ambiente em que agentes recebem oportunidades aleatórias para migrar entre duas redes. Os resultados mostram que sempre que a rede de pior qualidade (intrínseca) prevalece, isto é eficiente. Na verdade, um planejador central estaria ainda mais inclinado a escolher a rede de pior qualidade. Em equilíbrio, pode haver mudanças ineficientes que ampliem a rede de qualidade superior. Quando indivíduos escolhem entre dois padrões ou redes com níveis de qualidade diferentes, se todos os indivíduos fizessem escolhas simultâneas, a solução eficiente seria que todos adotassem a rede de melhor qualidade. No entanto, quando há fricções e os agentes tomam decisões escalonadas, a solução eficiente difere ix do senso comum. O terceiro capítulo analisa um problema de coordenação dinâmico com decisões escalonadas em que os agentes são heterogêneos ex ante. No modelo, existe um único equilíbrio, caracterizado por thresholds que determinam as escolhas para cada tipo de agente. Apesar da heterogeneidade nos payoffs, há bastante conformidade nas ações individuais em equilíbrio. Os thresholds de diferentes tipos de agentes coincidem parcialmente contanto que exista um conjunto de crenças arbitrário que justifique esta conformidade. No entanto, as estratégias de equilíbrio de diferentes tipos nunca coincidem totalmente. Além disso, a conformidade não é ineficiente. A solução eficiente apresentaria estratégias ainda mais similares para tipos distintos em comparação com o equilíbrio decentralizado.

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Angeli, Deivis. « Dynamic coordination with network externalities : procrastination can be efficient ». reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/24023.

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I analyze a dynamic coordination model under quasi-hyperbolic discounting. The main result is that present bias can induce a society to coordinate efficiently. When considering a transition from network A to B, higher present bias induces individuals to ask for higher relative quality of B, which is also what the central planner dictates, but for different reasons. Present biased agents overvalue relative quality, as positive externalities coming from more individuals in network B are more distant in the future, because transitioning takes time. The planner's motives are the negative externalities inflicted on agents 'stuck' in A during a transition.
É analizado um modelo de coordenação dinâmica sob desconto quasi-hiperbólico. O resultado principal é que a presença de miopia temporal pode induzir uma sociedade a coordenar eficientemente. Considerando a transição de uma rede A para uma rede B, maior miopia temporal induz indivíduos a serem mais exigentes em termos de qualidade intrínseca relativa da rede B, o que é a mesma coisa que um planejador central ditaria, mas por razões diferentes. Indivíduos com miopia temporal valorizam excessivamente a qualidade relativa, pois as externalidades recebidas por haver muitos indivíduos na rede B estão em um futuro distante e as transições não são imediatas. Os motivos da sugestão do planejador central são as externalidades negativas infligidas em agentes 'presos' na rede A durante uma transição.

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IUDICONE, FELICIANO. « TRASFORMAZIONI DELLA FIGURA DEL DATORE DI LAVORO MULTINAZIONALE. FENOMENI DI MOBILITA' GEOGRAFICA E TUTELE ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/59518.

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La tesi esplora le sfide poste al diritto del lavoro e alla politiche europee dal distacco di lavoratori, illustrando le sue complesse relazioni con le libertà economiche da un lato e con i diritti sociali dall’altro. In particolare, si propone una analisi della normativa europea alla luce della sua interpretazione da parte della Corte di Giustizia Europea e della concreta applicazione da parte delle autorità pubbliche. Il lavoro è arricchito da evidenze di tipo quantitativo e qualitativo sui flussi e sulle condizioni lavorative dei lavoratori distaccati, incluse le attività e i risultati di progetti volti a migliorare la comprensione del fenomeno rafforzando, al contempo, le capacità di ispettorati e sindacati. Le conclusioni propongono diversi percorsi di riforma, ispirati da visioni alternative dell’equilibrio tra libertà economiche e diritti sociali.
The thesis explores challenges posed to labour law and to European policies by the posting of workers, highlighting its complex relations with economic freedoms on the one side and with social rights on the other side. This is done by providing an analysis of EU-level law provisions in the light of their interpretation by the European Court of Justice and implementation by public authorities. The work is integrated by quantitative and qualitative evidences on flows and working conditions of posted workers, including activities and outcomes of projects meant to improve understanding of the phenomenon while empowering stakeholders, such as inspectorates and unions. The conclusions propose different pathways to reform posting rules, inspired by alternative visions on the balance between economic freedoms and social rights.

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IUDICONE, FELICIANO. « TRASFORMAZIONI DELLA FIGURA DEL DATORE DI LAVORO MULTINAZIONALE. FENOMENI DI MOBILITA' GEOGRAFICA E TUTELE ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/59518.

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La tesi esplora le sfide poste al diritto del lavoro e alla politiche europee dal distacco di lavoratori, illustrando le sue complesse relazioni con le libertà economiche da un lato e con i diritti sociali dall’altro. In particolare, si propone una analisi della normativa europea alla luce della sua interpretazione da parte della Corte di Giustizia Europea e della concreta applicazione da parte delle autorità pubbliche. Il lavoro è arricchito da evidenze di tipo quantitativo e qualitativo sui flussi e sulle condizioni lavorative dei lavoratori distaccati, incluse le attività e i risultati di progetti volti a migliorare la comprensione del fenomeno rafforzando, al contempo, le capacità di ispettorati e sindacati. Le conclusioni propongono diversi percorsi di riforma, ispirati da visioni alternative dell’equilibrio tra libertà economiche e diritti sociali.
The thesis explores challenges posed to labour law and to European policies by the posting of workers, highlighting its complex relations with economic freedoms on the one side and with social rights on the other side. This is done by providing an analysis of EU-level law provisions in the light of their interpretation by the European Court of Justice and implementation by public authorities. The work is integrated by quantitative and qualitative evidences on flows and working conditions of posted workers, including activities and outcomes of projects meant to improve understanding of the phenomenon while empowering stakeholders, such as inspectorates and unions. The conclusions propose different pathways to reform posting rules, inspired by alternative visions on the balance between economic freedoms and social rights.

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Beugnot, Julie. « Chômage et politique économique dans un contexte d'équilibres multiples ». Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10012.

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Cette thèse étudie les performances du marché du travail dans une économie susceptible de présenter plusieurs équilibres, et les implications d’une telle configuration pour la politique économique. Elle comporte quatre essais, traitant chacun d’un aspect spécifique de cette problématique. En premier lieu, l’analyse économétrique des séries temporelles de taux de chômage de quelques pays de l’OCDE, permettant notamment l’identification des changements de régimes et de leurs caractéristiques, apporte des évidences significatives à l’appui de l’hypothèse d’une multiplicité d’équilibres. En second lieu, on étudie les effets de l’introduction d’un salaire minimum obligatoire et d’une hausse de celui-ci dans un modèle statique de concurrence imparfaite avec négociations salariales au niveau de la firme, le facteur travail étant hétérogène. Si la hausse du salaire minimum est défavorable à l’emploi,l’introduction d’un salaire minimum en présence d’une multiplicité d’équilibres permet d’éliminer l’équilibre Pareto-inférieur. En troisième lieu, on étudie également les implications de l’existence d’équilibres multiples pour les politiques économiques, du fait de l’altération des propriétés dynamiques de l’économie, à travers l’analyse complète d’un modèle dynamique de concurrence imparfaite avec des négociations salariales individuelles et des frictions d’appariement sur le marché du travail. Enfin, on montre grâce à l’outil expérimental dans quelle mesure l’introduction d’une variable dite de tâche solaire, peut être source de défaut de coordination et d’inefficience dans une économie possédant deux équilibres Pareto-ordonnés
This thesis analyzes the performances of labor market in an economy subject to multiple equilibria and the implications of such a configuration for economic policy. It contains four pieces of research, each dealing with a particular aspect of the general setting. First, the econometric analysis of the unemployment time series for several OECD countries,which allows the identification of regime switches and their characteristics, brings forth some significant evidence that the multiple equilibria framework is relevant. Second, the effect of the implementation and of the rise of the minimum wage are investigated through a static model, assuming imperfect competition, heterogeneous labor input and wage negotiations at the firm level. Though minimum wage hikes have an adverse effect on employment, the implementation of a binding minimum wage turns out to be an efficient tool for excluding the Pareto- inferior equilibrium. Third economic policy conditions are also affected because the existence of multiple equilibria alters the dynamic properties of the economy. This case has been investigated in the framework of a fully dynamic model assuming imperfect competition individual wage negotiations and matching frictions. Finally, a coordination game experiment confirms that the introduction of a sunspot can be a source of coordination failure and inefficiency in an economy with two Pareto-ranked equilibria

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Blaauw, Lesley. « Transcending state-centrism : new regionalism and the future of Southern African regional integration / ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1355/.

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Sacristán, Estela Beatriz. « Regulatory theory (specially regarding the grounds for regulating) ». Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115975.

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This study analyzes the foundation and the meaning of regulation, specifically from the legal and economic perspective. A basic budget of public interest theories of regulation arises, in a context of freedom. Thus, the role of law as a regulator in society and the various justifications presented for it will be verified.
El presente estudio analiza los fundamentos y el concepto de regulación, vista esta última específicamente desde la perspectiva jurídico- económica. Se propone la existencia de un presupuesto básico de las teorías de interés público de regulación, en un contexto de libertad. De esta manera, se comprobarán la función del derecho como regulador en la sociedad y las diversas justificaciones que se presentan para ello.

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Chassang, Sylvain Guillaume. « Essays on coordination, cooperation, and learning ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39716.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2007.
"June 2007."
Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis is a collection of essays on coordination and learning in dynamic cooperation games. Chapter One begins by establishing results which are required in order to extend the global games approach to settings where the game structure is endogenous. In particular it shows that the selection argument of Carlsson and van Damme (1993) holds uniformly over appropriately controlled families of games. It also discusses selection results when the game lacks dominance regions. Chapter Two uses these results to investigate the impact of miscoordination fear in a class of dynamic cooperation games with exit. More specifically, it explores the effect of small amounts of private information on a class of dynamic cooperation games with exit. It is shown that lack of common knowledge creates a fear of miscoordination which pushes players away from the full-information Pareto frontier. Unlike in one-shot two-by-two games, the global games information structure does not yield equilibrium uniqueness, however, by making it harder to coordinate, it does reduce the range of equilibria and gives bite to the notion of local dominance solvability.
(cont.) Finally, Chapter Two provides a simple criterion for the robustness of cooperation to miscoordination fear, and shows it can yield predictions that are qualitatively different from those obtained by focusing on Pareto efficient equilibria under full information. Finally Chapter Three studies how economic agents learn to cooperate when the details of what cooperation means are ambiguous. It considers a dynamic game in which one player's cost for the cooperative action is private information. From the perspective of the other player, this cost is an unknown but stationary function of observable states of the world. Initially, because of information asymmetries, full cooperation can be sustained only at the cost of inefficient punishment. As players gain common experience, however, the uninformed player may learn how to predict her partner's cost, thereby resolving informational asymmetries. Once learning has occurred, players can sustain cooperation more efficiently and reduce the partnership's sensitivity to adverse economic conditions. Nevertheless, because inducing information revelation has an efficiency cost, it may sometimes be optimal for the uninformed player to remain uninformed even though that limits the amount of cooperation that can be sustained in equilibrium.
by Sylvain Guillaume Chassang.
Ph.D.

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Mendieta, Fábio Henrique Paniagua. « POLÍTICA MONETÁRIA E INTEGRAÇÃO ECONÔMICA : UM ESTUDO SOBRE A FORMAÇÃO DE BLOCOS REGIONAIS ». Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9719.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This dissertation discusses the essence of economic theory, showing aspects related to discussions on international economic relations, especially with regard to regional blocs. The main focus of work is directly related to the analysis of monetary policies. To this end, we analyze the forms of monetary policies that facilitate the process of economic integration, a way of lowering transaction costs or even make it more efficient, following the assumptions of the theory of international trade and new issues within the international macroeconomics. For this, emphasis is on aspects of monetary policy, economic integration and coordination of macroeconomic policies. In the case of monetary policy, the highlight was the discussion of monetary orthodoxy and heterodoxy, the main starting point for evaluating the performance of the monetary authority and objectives to be achieved by the Central Bank. With regard to economic integration, it is noted as is the process of integration and the costs and benefits primarily related to monetary integration. For this demonstrates the theory of Optimum Currency Areas. The fourth and final area for consideration is the interrelationship between the first two presented. Thus, it appears that the integration of MERCOSUL, needs a monetary framework.
Este trabalho discute a essência da teoria econômica, evidenciando seus aspectos relacionados a discussões sobre as relações econômicas internacionais, principalmente no que se refere a blocos regionais. O foco principal do trabalho está relacionado diretamente à análise sobre as políticas monetárias. Para tal, analisamse as formas de condução de políticas monetárias que facilitem o processo de integração econômica, buscando diminuir os custos de transação ou até mesmo torná-la mais eficiente, seguindo as premissas da teoria do comércio internacional e os novos aspectos dentro da macroeconomia internacional. Para tanto, enfatizam-se aspectos sobre condução de política monetária, integração econômica e coordenação das políticas macroeconômicas. No caso da condução da política monetária, destaca-se a discussão entre ortodoxia e heterodoxia monetária, principal ponto de partida para avaliação sobre a atuação da autoridade monetária e objetivos a serem alcançados pelo Banco Central. No que se refere à integração econômica, aponta-se como ocorre o processo de integração e os custos e benefícios relacionados principalmente à integração monetária. Para isso demonstra-se a teoria das Áreas Monetárias Ótimas. O quarto e último ponto abordado é a inter-relação entre os dois primeiros apresentados. Dessa forma, verifica-se que na integração do MERCOSUL, carece de um receituário monetário.

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Orazbayev, Sultan. « Computer testbed for experiments on coordination / ». Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2390.

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Jaeger, Guilherme Pederneiras. « A liberdade de circulação de capitais e a coordenação de políticas econômicas na União Européia e no Mercosul ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/142889.

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A presente tese aborda o tema da livre circulação de capitais e da coordenação de políticas econômicas na União Européia e no Mercosul. Objetiva-se demonstrar em que consiste essa liberdade de fluxo de capitais e expor a maneira pela qual ela se desenvolveu nos processos de integração europeu e sulino, trazendo-se em seguida as medidas de coordenação econômica adotadas por cada um desses blocos, como demonstração de que tal coordenação é fundamental para a criação de um ambiente propício à circulação segura do capital. Numa parte introdutória, expõe-se a teoria da formação dos blocos de integração, bem como apresentam-se os contextos históricos em que cada um dos blocos objeto deste estudo foi criado. Após, na Parte I, desenvolve-se uma análise detalhada a respeito da circulação de capitais na União Européia, desde as primeiras previsões do Tratado e as medidas de implementação, até a mais recente reforma de Lisboa. E, em seguida, ainda na mesma Parte, faz-se a pesquisa de tal liberdade no âmbito do Mercosul, mas esta numa sistemática setorial diferenciada. Já na Parte II, o foco é dado ao regime de coordenação e unificação das políticas econômicas européias voltadas à estabilidade monetária e cambial, as quais são responsáveis por criar um cenário efetivo de livre circulação de capital. E, na mesma linha, analisam-se os intentos mercosulinos de coordenar no seio do bloco a condução de tais políticas adstritas ao capital. Por fim, finaliza-se a pesquisa com a aferição da liberdade de capitais de cada bloco frente às estruturas de coordenação econômica por cada qual desenvolvidas.
This monographic work concerns the free movement of capital and the coordination of economic policies within the European Union and Mercosul. It seeks to present an approach of the freedom of capital and its development throughout the European and Southern American integration processes, as well as of the system of economic coordination, so that to demonstrate the need of a coordinated scenario for a safe free movement of capital. To introduce the subject matter, it presents the theory of economic integration process and the historical basis for the establishment of each union. Then, in Part I, it comes a deep analysis about the monetary movement within the European Union, embracing the first provisions set forth in the Treaty and the implementation measures, as well as the most recent Lisbon reform. In addition, still in Part I, such an analysis is made within Mercosul, through a different sector method for explaining the measures to establish the free movement of capital. Achieving Part II, it focuses on the coordination and unification of European economic policies concerning the monetary and exchange stability, which are the ones responsible for a real free movement of capital scenario. Then, by the same token, it analyses the Mercosul attempts to coordinate its capital related policies. At the end, this paper evaluates the freedom of capital movement of each union before the framework of economic coordination developed by each one.

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Rabell-Garcia, Enrique. « Fiscal coordination in Mexico ». [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3243785.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Public Environmental Affairs, 2006.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Nov. 17, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-12, Section: A, page: 4698. Adviser: Robert Agranoff.

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Hashim, Matthew J., Karthik N. Kannan et Sandra Maximiano. « Information Feedback, Targeting, and Coordination : An Experimental Study ». INFORMS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626171.

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There are many contexts where an "everybody else is doing it" attitude is relevant. We evaluate the impact of this attitude in a multi-threshold public goods game. We use a lab experiment to study the role of providing information about contribution behavior to targeted subsets of individuals, and its effect on coordination. Treatments include one in which no information is provided and three others that vary in whom we provide information to: a random sample of subjects; those whose contributions are below the average of their group, and those whose contributions are above the average of their group. We find that the random provision of information is no different than not providing information at all. More importantly, average contributions improve with targeted treatments. Coordination waste is also lower with targeted treatments. The insights from this research are relevant more broadly to contexts including piracy, open innovation, and crowdfunding.

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Maillard-Bjedov, Tjaša. « Three essays in public economics : fiscal decentralization, coordination and secessions ». Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO22005.

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Cette thèse de doctorat s’inscrit dans le domaine des finances publiques et des choix publics et s’articule autour des questions de polarisation idéologique, décentralisation et conflit. Elle est composée de trois chapitres qui peuvent être lus de façon indépendante. Dans le premier chapitre l’accent est mis sur l’importance de la polarisation idéologique entre mais aussi à l’intérieur des partis politiques sur le niveau et la composition des dépenses publiques cantonales. L’analyse est menée au niveau des parlements cantonaux suisses et repose sur l’exploitation et le traitement économétrique d’une base de données très riche.Nous avons fait deux contributions à la littérature sur l’impact de fragmentation politique sur les dépenses publiques.Premièrement, nous avons montré que la dispersion idéologique à l’intérieur des partis politiques est associée à des dépenses publiques plus élevées alors que la dispersion entre partis est associée avec moins de dépenses publiques. Cette constatation implique que le mode d’organisation et la discipline au sein des partis politiques ont de l’importance. Ce résultat est particulièrement intéressant car la littérature précédente a fait abstraction de la dispersion idéologique au sein des partis. Ensuite, nous avons montré que la dispersion idéologique est principalement pertinente pour les dépenses de fonctionnement. Le deuxième chapitre s’intéresse au conflit d’objectifs qui peut exister entre agents économiques dans le cadre d’un jeu en deux étapes avec paiements asymétriques. La littérature a montré que les défaillances de coordination sont fréquentes dans les jeux en une étape et que la communication peut aider les individus à se coordonner par l’emploi de stratégies de take turn pour réduire l’inégalité des gains à long terme. Notre contribution a été d’étudier si la communication a la même capacité dans un jeu en deux étapes où l’équilibre parfait en sous-jeux exige que les deux joueurs fassent des choix opposés aux deux étapes du jeu et acceptent des gains inégaux. Nos résultats montrent que les défaillances de coordination se produisent la moitié du temps et que 18% des paires utilisent la stratégie de take turn. La communication augmente considérablement la coordination sur l’équilibre parfait en sous-jeux car elle augmente la capacité des sujets à amorcer une stratégie de take turn et à la maintenir. Elle leur permet d’établir une stratégie de long terme qui accroît l’efficacité tout en diminuant les écarts de paiements, induits par les gains asymétriques, en échangeant leurs positions relatives d’une manière équitable. Nos résultats montrent que la communication peut résoudre les conflits de coordination, même dans des situations plus complexes que dans les jeux en une étape généralement étudiés jusqu’à présent. Le dernier chapitre s’intéresse à un type de conflit particulier : la sécession politique. Plus précisément il traite du lien entre sécession, décentralisation et identité de groupe. Nous essayons de déterminer, au moyen d’une expérience de laboratoire, si décentraliser l’offre de biens publics permet de réduire la probabilité de faire sécession. Nous mettons en exergue l’importance de l’identité au niveau local. Le protocole expérimental ne permet évidemment pas de reproduire l’ensemble des arbitrages auxquels les mouvements séparatistes font face dans le monde réel. Il permet, néanmoins, de capturer deux forces essentielles: la proximité avec le bien public qui réduit les phénomènes de passagers clandestins et rapproche le bien public des préférences du citoyens et l’importance des identités locales. Nos résultats indiquent que la décentralisation augmente les contributions aux biens locaux et diminue la probabilité de sécession aussi lorsque l’identité locale est rendue saillante. En fait, une forte identité locale augmente la probabilité de sécession seulement lorsque les membres des groupes locaux sont des coopérateurs et qu’ils contribuent aux bien publics locaux
This PhD thesis falls within the fields of public finance and public choice. It studies the following issues: ideological polarization, decentralization and conflict. It consists of three chapters can be read independently. In the first chapter the focus is on the importance of ideological polarization between but also within political parties on the level and composition of cantonal public spending. The analysis is on Swiss cantonal parliaments and is based on the use and econometric treatment of a very rich database. We made two contributions to the literature on the impact of political fragmentation on public spending. First, we showed that ideological dispersion within political parties is associated with higher public spending while the dispersion between political parties is associated with less public spending. This finding implies that the mode of organization and discipline within political parties are both important. This result is particularly interesting given that previous literature has completely abstracted from ideological dispersion within political parties. Lastly, we showed that ideological dispersion between and within political parties is mainly relevant for current expenditures. The second chapter focuses on the conflict of objectives that may exist between economic agents in a two-stage game with asymmetric payoffs. The literature showed that coordination failures are frequent in one-stage games and that communication can help individuals coordinate with the use of take turn strategies that allow for a reduction in the payoffs’ inequality in the long run. Our contribution was to study whether communication has the same capacity in a two-stage game where the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium requires both players to make opposite choices at both stages of the game and accept unequal payoffs. Our results show that coordination failures occur half of the time and that 18% of the pairs use the take turn strategy. Communication significantly increases coordination on the subgame perfect Nash equi librium because it increases the ability of subjects to initiate a take turn strategy and to maintain it. Thus, communication allows subjects to establish a long-term strategy that increases efficiency and reduces payments differences, induced by the asymmetry in payoffs, by exchanging their relative positions in a fair way. Our results show that communication can solve coordination conflicts, even in more complex situations than in one-stage games usually studied until now. The last chapter focuses on a particular type of conflict: political secessions. Specifically, it addresses the link between secessions, decentralization and group identity. We aim at determining, by means of a laboratory experiment, if decentralizing the provision of public goods reduces the likelihood of secession. We emphasize the importance of local identity. Our experimental design, obviously, do not reproduce all the trade-offs that separatist movements face in the real world. It allows, however, capturing at least two key forces that drive these movements: the proximity to public goods that reduces the phenomena of free-riding and brings public goods closer to citizens’ preferences and the importance of local identities. Our results indicate that the Decentralization treatment increases contributions to local public goods and decreases the likelihood of secessions also when identity is made more salient. If fact, reinforcing local group identity increases the likelihood of secession only when local group members are cooperators

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Cunha, Gabriel Oliva Costa. « Hayek and complexity : coordination, evolution and methodology in social adaptive systems ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-06072016-152628/.

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The affinity between the work of the Austrian economist Friedrich A. Hayek and the approach of Complexity Economics is widely recognized by the literature. In spite of this, there still is a lack of studies that seek to analyze in depth the relationship between Hayek and complexity. This dissertation is a contribution to the filling of this large gap in the literature. In the first part of the work, we analyze the various periods in the development of Hayek\'s vision of complexity, showing that this vision is strongly present in his works on knowledge, competition, methodology, evolution, and spontaneous order. In the second part, we explore how Hayek was influenced by two of the main precursors of modern complexity theory - cybernetics and general system theory - from the time he was working on his book on theoretical psychology, The Sensory Order (1952), until the end of his intellectual career.
A afinidade entre a obra do economista austríaco Friedrich A. Hayek e a abordagem da Economia e Complexidade é amplamente reconhecida pela literatura. Apesar disso, ainda há grande carência de estudos que busquem analisar de forma aprofundada a relação entre Hayek e a complexidade. Esta dissertação é uma contribuição para o preenchimento dessa grande lacuna na literatura. Na primeira parte do trabalho, os diversos períodos no desenvolvimento da visão de complexidade de Hayek são analisados, evidenciando-se como tal visão está fortemente presente em seus trabalhos sobre conhecimento, competição, metodologia, evolução e ordem espontânea. Na segunda parte, exploramos como Hayek foi influenciado por dois dos principais precursores da moderna teoria da complexidade - a cibernética e a teoria geral do sistema - desde o período em que estava trabalhando no seu livro sobre psicologia teórica, The Sensory Order (1952), até o final de sua carreira intelectual.

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Thèses sur le sujet « Economic coordination »

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