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Kim, Taeha. « Economics of patent policy in the digital economy ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289827.
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Advances in information technology (IT) have enabled the design and development of innovations in software and computer-assisted business methods. Firms attempt to leverage these innovations to gain competitive advantages through cost reduction, or quality improvements, and often pass some benefits to consumers. However such competitive advantages are increasingly difficult to sustain because IT-enabled innovations are becoming easier to copy or imitate. Competitors can use reverse engineering or decryption techniques to discover how an innovation operates, modify the original and distribute the amended innovation as a new product. Unfortunately, the ability of competing firms to imitate quickly and cheaply may reduce the incentives for firms to incur the cost to innovate. Much literature discusses ways government may induce firms to innovate and thus increase current and future social welfare. One tool available to government to provide such incentives is patent protection, i.e. providing an exclusive right of the innovations to the innovator. One goal of patent policy is to maximize social welfare by providing incentives to innovate while simultaneously maintaining a competitive market. Policymakers disagree over how to balance these two often-conflicting goals. Much of the disagreement is based on what factors the government may control to provide protection for innovating firms and the socially optimal level of patent protection. Determining optimal protection policy is a non-trivial task. The complexity arises from stakeholders who may have contradictory objectives and a menu or mix of options. Of course it is difficult to reach the first-best solution because the social planner does not have full access to information about firms and consumers. This dissertation reviews economic theories of patent protection, address problems and issues related to the progress of ITs, and investigate how a specific set of patent policy affect the incentives for firm to develop technological innovations and the way developed innovations are adopted and diffused throughout the marketplace. This work builds on, and contributes to, literatures in the areas of information systems, economics, public policy and law and provides valuable insights for regulators responsible for designing and evaluating patent systems and for firms competing strategically under these systems.
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Cheng, Yuk-shing. « China's grain economy : problems and prospects under economic reform ». HKBU Institutional Repository, 1992. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/9.
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Aron, Janine. « Economic policy in a mineral-dependent economy : the case of Zambia ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333241.
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Senay, Özge. « Monetary policy in an open economy : economic integration, disinflation and stabilisation ». Thesis, University of York, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323696.
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Wang, Albert Zhao. « Essays on Platforms : Asymmetric Information, Search, and Policy ». Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10937.
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The three essays of this thesis cover two sets of topics: search in auction platforms in the first two papers, and political campaigning in the last. In platform settings, search cost reductions are often regarded as beneficial because they improve match quality. But is this in fact true? And if it is true in an aggregate sense, what are the consequences to individual platform participants? Do individual buyers and sellers win or lose? The first paper develops a novel model of search in platforms and applies it to auction platforms to test the popular hypothesis that lower search costs are always beneficial to sellers. Under certain assumptions, we find that while lower search costs is welfare improving, its distributional consequences are less predictable. In general, lower search costs intesify buyer-side competition. On the one hand, this tends to improve seller revenues due to better matches; on the other hand, this may also thin out markets for certain sellers, since lower search costs make it easier for buyers to search out of certain markets. Generally, some sellers gain and some lose; most surprisingly, however, we find that overall seller revenue can decrease with lower search costs. Our second paper extends the model to endogenize buyer participation - so some buyers may leave the platform completely - and considers optimal platform search policy in such settings. Under stricter assumptions, we find that a platform that taxes the seller side generally benefits from lower search costs; a platform that charges buyers, however, may maximize search costs, since the gains from easier search are unevenly distributed among buyers, and may be inefficiently extracted with a fee. The final essay provides a novel model of political campaigning as argumentation, which brings together two different strands of the campaign spending literature: spending has direct effects on electoral outcomes, but also provide a "signal" of candidate quality. The model parsimoniously resolves many pre-existing campaign spending "paradoxes" while delivering new results on the effects and desirability of spending caps.Economics
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Eich, Frank Egbert Oliver. « The internationalisation of the economy and its effects on regional economic policies ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2604/.
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This thesis studies the effects of the internationalisation of the economy on various regional economic policies and is organised as follows: Chapter 1 provides a general introduction. Chapter 2 studies the effects of industrial policy on manufacturing firms' location decisions. Industrial policy provides a productive local public good, financed by locally-raised tax revenues. Building on the 'new economic geography' literature, two new, opposing agglomeration forces are described: first, taxation reduces the market size - making a region less attractive - second, production cost fall - making a region more attractive for firms. We analyse the conditions under which a less-developed region can attract industry from a more-developed region. Chapter 3 incorporates ideas of the 'new international trade' literature into a 'fiscal federalism' framework with local public goods. In a two-region model, local public goods are underprovided if they are productive in nature and financed by domestic tax revenues. The degree of underprovision depends on the volume of trade between the two regions. This result arises as the benefit of provision has to be shared with the other region's citizens whereas the cost of provision falls entirely on the local citizens. Finally we show that delegating tax policies to a supra-regional body solves this problem. Chapter 4 analyses zoning policies on an urban level. We show that welfare under zoning is higher than in the market equilibrium if residents and monopolistically-competitive firms compete for land in a fixed-sized city with one central business district (CBD). Assuming an additional out-of-town business district (SBD), we find that the optimal size of the CBD depends crucially on whether the SBD is developed by the citizens or by an absentee land-developer: in the latter case the CBD should be expanded to minimise the outflow of rental income. Chapter 5 concludes.
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Azong, Jecynta A. « Economic policy, childcare and the unpaid economy : exploring gender equality in Scotland ». Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22827.
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The research undertaken represents an in-depth study of gender and economics from a multi-disciplinary perspective. By drawing on economic, social policy and political science literature it makes an original contribution to the disciplines of economics and feminist economics by advancing ideas on a feminist theory of policy change and institutional design. Equally, the study develops a framework for a multi-method approach to feminist research with applied policy focus by establishing a pragmatic feminist research paradigm. By espousing multiple research philosophies, it extends understanding of gender differences in policy outcomes by connecting theories from feminist economics, feminist historical institutionalism and ideational processes. Jointly funded by the Economic and Social Research Council UK and the Scottish Government, this project attempts to answer three key questions: What is the relative position of men and women in the Scottish economy and how do childcare responsibilities influence these? Which institutions, structures and processes have been instrumental in embedding gender in Scottish economic policy? To what extent and how is the Scottish Government’s approach to economic policy gendered? Quantitative analysis reveals persistently disproportionate differences in men and women’s position in the labour market. Women remain over-represented in part-time employment and in the public sector in the 10years under investigation. Using panel data, the multinomial logistic regression estimation of patterns in labour market transitions equally reveal disproportionate gendered patterns, with families with dependent children 0-4years at a disadvantage to those without. Qualitative analysis indicates that these differences are partly explained by the fact that the unpaid economy still remains invisible to policymakers despite changes in the institutional design, policy processes and the approach to equality policymaking undertaken in Scotland. Unpaid childcare work is not represented as policy relevant and the way gender, equality and gender equality are conceptualised within institutional sites and on political agendas pose various challenges for policy development on unpaid childcare work and gender equality in general. Additionally, policymakers in Scotland do not integrate both the paid and unpaid economies in economic policy formulation since social policy and economic policy are designed separately. The study also establishes that the range of institutions and actors that make-up the institutional setting for regulating and promoting equality, influence how equality issues are treated within a national context. In Scotland, equality regulating institutions such as parliament, the Scottish Government, equality commission and the law are instrumental variables in determining the range of equality issues that are embedded in an equality infrastructure and the extent to which equality issues, including gender, are consequently embedded in public policy and government budgets. Significantly despite meeting all the attributes of an equality issue, unpaid care is not classified as a protected characteristic in the Equality legislation. These institutions can ameliorate, sustain or perpetuate the delivery of unequitable policy outcomes for men and women in the mutually dependent paid and unpaid economy. Thus, economic, social and political institutions are not independent from one another but are interrelated in complex ways that subsequently have material consequences on men and women in society. In summary, there are interlinkages between the law, labour market, the unpaid economy, the welfare state and gendered political institutions such that policy or institutional change in one will be dependent on or trigger change in another. These institutions are gendered, but are also interlinked and underpin the gender structure of other institutions to the extent that the gendered norms and ideas embedded in one institution, for example legislation or political institutions, structure the gendered dimensions of the labour market, welfare state, and the unpaid economy. By shedding light on institutional and political forces that regulate equality in addition to macroeconomic forces, the analysis reveals the important role of institutions, policy actors and their ideas as instrumental forces which constantly define, redefine and reconstruct the labour market experiences of men and women with significant material consequences.
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Nissinen, Marja. « Latvia's transition to a market economy : political determinants of economic reform policy / ». London : New York : Macmillan press ; St. Martin's press, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370781182.
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Gómez, Tello Alicia. « The european integration process : trade, mobility, and policy ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/384937.
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La Unión Europea (UE) constituye uno de los procesos de integración más completos del mundo. Sin embargo, todavía se detectan importantes diferencias sociales y económicas entre sus países miembros, y dichas diferencias podrían limitar los efectos positivos asociados con cualquier proceso de integración.
El objetivo de esta disertación es examinar fortalezas y debilidades relacionadas con el proceso de integración europeo.
La tesis se centra en tres aspectos específicos: la integración comercial, la movilidad de capital y personas y la efectividad de la Política Agraria Común (PAC).
En el Capítulo 2, “What Are the Most Important Partners of the Most Recently Admitted EU Countries” , se investiga si la quinta ampliación de la UE (2004) supuso una integración comercial para los nuevos países miembros (UE-10). Para ello se construye una base de datos que recoge información sobre los flujos comerciales de los países de la UE-10 con 180 socios comerciales durante el periodo 1999–2011. Aunque los resultados reflejan que hubo una integración comercial entre los nuevos y viejos socios a partir de 2004, dicha integración fue más pronunciada entre los países de la UE-10. Por tanto, los resultados confirman que las raíces históricas de los nuevos socios han condicionado su integración con los países de la UE-15.
En el Capítulo 3, “Foreign Direct Investment and Immigration Inflows in Spain”, se investigan los determinantes de la entrada de inversión extranjera directa (IED) en España. Este país perdió parte de sus factores atractivos como destinatario de IED después de las ampliaciones de la UE hacia el este. Para llevar a cabo este análisis, se construye una base de datos tras combinar dos fuentes de datos específicos: uno relacionado con las empresas y el otro con los trabajadores. Los resultados muestran que los inversores extranjeros se localizan en lugares donde hay una mano de obra con una cualificación media en lugar de una cualificación alta, tal y como concluye la mayor parte de la literatura empírica relacionada con los determinantes de IDE. Este resultado revela la existencia de problemas estructurales en el entorno empresarial español, ya que los inversores extranjeros están principalmente atraídos por incentivos transitorios. Dicha situación imposibilita que España pueda gozar de un adecuado ambiente empresarial apto para atraer IED en el largo plazo.
Finalmente, en el Capítulo 4, “Land Specialization in Spain: The Effects of the Common Agricultural Policy”, se investiga en qué medida la PAC ha afectado la eficiencia de la producción agraria en España. A partir del trabajo de Costinot y Donaldson (2012), se desarrolla una estrategia empírica que consiste en comparar la producción real con la potencial, esta última calculada a partir de un ejercicio de optimización que recoge implícitamente el concepto de coste de oportunidad. Los resultados identifican una mejora en la eficiencia de la producción agraria en España tras su adhesión a la UE (1986) y, sobre todo, tras la reforma Fischler (2003). Esta reforma rompió el link entre subsidios y nivel de producción y, consecuentemente, produjo un cambio significativo en los incentivos de producción, ahora basados en las características del mercado y no en lo requerimientos necesarios para obtener los subsidios.
Por tanto, a pesar de que se han detectado efectos positivos asociados con el proceso de integración europeo, también se han encontrado circunstancias en las que dichos efectos han sido menores de lo esperado. Con el fin de permitir que el proyecto europeo progrese adecuadamente, dichas debilidades —la mayoría relacionadas con las diferenciase económicas entre los estados miembros— deberían ser solventadas.The European Union is experiencing one of the most complete integration process in the world. Nevertheless, there still exist important social and economic differences among its member states, and these differences could limit the positive effects associated with the integration process. The objective of this dissertation is to examine the benefits and drawbacks of a number of selected features entailed by the European integration process. We focus on three specific aspects: trade integration among EU member states, the free mobility of capital and workers, and the true effectiveness of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). In Chapter 2, “What Are the Most Important Partners of the Most Recently Admitted EU Countries,” we investigate whether the fifth EU enlargement (2004) truly generated a trade integration effect for new member states (EU-10). To tackle this question, we build a database by compiling the information referring to trade flows among EU-10 countries and 180 commercial partners during 1999–2011. Though our results show that trade flow intensity between EU-15 and EU-10 countries increased after 2004, the trade integration effect was much stronger within the EU-10 group. This finding confirms that the historical background of EU-10 countries conditioned their trade integration with EU-15 countries, especially in sectors with more technological content. The Chapter 3, “Foreign Direct Investment and Immigration Inflows in Spain,” investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Spain. This country lost part of its principal attractiveness as an FDI recipient after the EU enlargements to the east. We provide a quantitative assessment of the importance of agglomeration economies, network effects, and labor market composition in attracting FDI. To conduct our analysis, we create a novel database after adapting and merging information from two micro-data sources: one for companies and the other for workers. Our results highlight that incoming foreign investors privilege the hiring of medium-skilled workers rather than high-skilled ones, as is often found in the empirical research of FDI determinants. This result reveals the existence of structural problems in the Spanish business environment—namely, foreign investors are principally attracted by monetary or transitory incentives that make the interest to locate in Spain a temporally limited strategy. Unfortunately, this situation prevents Spain from building and enjoying a qualified business environment that could be able to attract more long-term FDI. Finally, in Chapter 4, “Land Specialization in Spain: The Effects of the Common Agricultural Policy,” we investigate the extent to which the CAP affected the level of agricultural production in Spain. Following Costinot and Donaldson (2012), the pivotal technique of our strategy involves comparing actual output with potential output, the latter of which derives from an optimization problem relying on the Ricardian idea of opportunity cost. Ultimately, our results identify an improvement of the agricultural production efficiency after Spain entered the European Economic Community (1986) and, above all, after the Fischler reform (2003). The 2003 CAP reform broke the linkage between subsidies and production. This provided the right incentives to impulse real production in Spain since made production strategies more connected with the market devices than subsidy requirements. Overall, although our research quantifies the existence of positive effects associated with the European integration process, we also detect specific circumstances in which the effects of integration have been different from the expected ones. However, these weaknesses—most of them associated with the lack of strong economic ties among all member estates—need to be overcome in order to allow the European project progress.
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Beeman, Michael L. « Public policy and economic competition in Japan : the rise of antimonopoly policy, 1973-1995 ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363517.
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Barry, Sean. « Hard Labor : The Political Economy of Economics Policy Reform in Australia ». Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/378091.
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In the closing decades of the twentieth century, a growing consensus emerged about the tailored economic principles that might promote economic growth. There has been less understanding, however, and no consensus, about the political processes conducive to achieving successful economic reform. The obstacles on the path to successful reform are numerous. Consequently, factors conducive to policy success are vital for understanding the process, and enhancing social learning for policy actors.
This dissertation compares instances of economic reform by federal Labor governments in Australia since 1972, to determine factors that contributed to the success or failure of those reforms. To do so, it uses, and assesses the robustness of a multi-hypothesis framework. The research situates itself within a political economy theoretical framework. This framework recognises the inseparability and interdependence of political and economic factors.
The study draws on economic data and political evidence to examine the actions, circumstances and background of governments and leaders in the relevant periods, using a comparative historical approach and a framework derived from the political economy of reform theory. It utilises a framework encompassing a number of hypotheses about reform, condensed into five ‘clusters’ of: economic conditions, political conditions, role of ideas, economic team, and reform program. This framework is a modified version of one developed by John Williamson and Stephan Haggard in The Political Economy of Policy Reform. This study applies the framework for analysis qualitatively to the three representative case studies of economic reforms.
The first case study examines the 25 per cent across-the-board tariff cut by the Whitlam Government in 1973. Australia had lived behind a ‘tariff wall’ for most of the century, and this reform sought to promote efficiency and innovation by encouraging competition, as well as reducing consumer prices. The second case study explores the Hawke government’s float of the Australian dollar in December 1983. Australia’s approach to its fixed exchange rate had undergone various modifications over the years, but none had allowed the economic flexibility necessary for a country with such a high rate of resource and primary industry exports. The last case analyses the minority Gillard government’s decision to implement the Clean Energy Future Package. It was a significant economic and environmental policy initiative encompassing multiple purposes, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels, and promoting new industries.
The research challenges presumptions that economic reform is driven solely or primarily by ‘economic imperatives’ (such as economic crisis), at least in the Australian context. It finds the landscape of the political economy of policy reform is far more complex. Instead, the political conditions, role of ideas and economic team all influenced the subject reforms to varying degrees. All governments used favourable aspects of the political conditions to pursue reform, exploiting opportunities in their political honeymoons, building social consensus ex post to enhance durability and visionary leadership to support change along the path to reform. These aspects were notable in the earlier two reforms, but largely absent in the third case study and this contributed to the failure of that policy program. All three reforms reflected evolving ideas about the policy prescriptions necessary in the circumstances. The Hawke government’s float of the dollar was a paradigm shift as defined by Peter Hall, which assisted with the durability of the change. The Gillard government’s reform was technically a paradigm shift, but lacked the durability necessary to be a true shift. The governments introduced the reforms during windows of policy opportunity and the most successful program (Hawke) held valence (emotional appeal) within the community, the Gillard reform lacked that support and Whitlam’s valence weakened as economic conditions turned against the government. Of vital importance in all reforms was the role of the economic team. Coherent economic teams supported the executive and the governments, and that assisted the development and introduction of the reforms, and improved the prospects their durability.
It is not possible to unequivocally isolate factors sufficient or necessary for reform to take place in all circumstances. As scholars have recognised, however, there is still considerable value in identifying and exploring a range of contributing factors, even if not all are decisive. This research provides new insights into the political conditions that have been conducive for the pursuit of successful economic reform in Australian conditions. It also demonstrates that the use of a conceptual framework encompassing multiple reform hypotheses provides a richer, more nuanced understanding of reform decisions. This is a viable and useful approach for research in this area of interest, particularly when comparing multiple cases.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Govt & Int Relations
Griffith Business School
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Park, Jongwook. « Essays on Monetary Policy and Time Series Analysis ». The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1480584221946903.
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Portocarrero, G. « The failure of national economic policy and the liberalization of the Peruvian economy ». Thesis, University of Essex, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354480.
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Motohashi, Atsushi. « Studies on Asset Bubbles, Economic Growth, and Bailout Policy in an Open Economy ». Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263411.
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BROBERG, Nikolaj. « Essays in political economy, migration, and public economics ». Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/74543.
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Defence date: 19 May 2022Examining Board: Prof. Andrea Ichino, (EUI, Supervisor); Prof. Andrea Mattozzi, (University of Bologna and EUI, Co-Supervisor); Prof. Frederico Finan, (University of California, Berkeley); Prof. Ekaterina Zhuravskaya, (Paris School of Economics and EHESS)
This thesis in four chapters focuses on political economy, migration, and public economics. The first chapter, joint with Vincent Pons and Clémence Tricaud, investigates the effects of campaign finance rules on electoral outcomes. In French departmental and municipal elections, candidates competing in districts above 9,000 inhabitants face spending limits and are eligible for public reimbursement. Using an RDD around the population threshold, we find that these rules increase competitiveness and benefit the runner-up of the previous race as well as new candidates, in departmental elections, while leaving the polarization and representativeness of the results unaffected. These results appear to be driven by the reimbursement of campaign expenditures, not spending limits. We do not find such effects in municipal elections, which we attribute to the use of a proportional list system instead of plurality voting. The second chapter, joint with Lars Ludolph, analyzes the effects of the migration wave from Central and Eastern European countries (AC-12) following their EU accession in 2004 on local level redistribution in England. We apply a difference-in-differences estimation strategy and find that greater migration flows led to spending on means-tested social care services to decrease in relative terms, while spending on education services increased. Our mechanisms suggest that, because of AC-12 migrants’ young age at the time of arrival, the 2004 EU enlargement alleviated some of the pressure faced by social care spending in England. We find no evidence that spending shifts are driven by a change in the local willingness to redistribute income. The third chapter investigates the effect of ideological distance between EU Commissioners for Agriculture and Regional Policy and heads of governments on the allocation of agricultural and regional funds flowing to member states. Results show that ideological distance is a strong deterrent of funds being channeled. The effects are strongest in pre-election years, for countries providing the Commissioners in charge of the given portfolios, and for countries that are single-party-ruled as opposed to coalition-ruled. These results provide first hand evidence that the behavior of European Commissioners follows similar principles to national level elected politicians and can help the debate surrounding EU reforms and the political independence of its executive body. The fourth chapter, joint with Pietro Panizza, exploits a reform in Italy that granted mayors the right to run for a third consecutive term in towns below 3,000 inhabitants. We employ a difference-indiscontinuity design and find evidence of pandering effects by mayors in both their first and second term at the time of the reform. Results differ depending on the term of the mayor reflecting the importance of the horizon of when mayors’ spending decisions pay off. We also find suggestive evidence of potential capture of first term mayors in the south of Italy.
1 The Impact of Campaign Finance Rules on Candidate Selection and Electoral Outcomes: Evidence from France 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Research setting 1.3 Empirical strategy 1.4 Effects in departmental elections 1.5 Effects in municipal elections 1.6 Mechanisms 1.7 Conclusion 2 Migration and Redistributive Spending: Evidence from Local Authorities in England 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Institutional setting 2.3 Sampling frame and data sources 2.4 Empirical strategy 2.5 Results 2.6 Robustness tests 2.7 Mechanisms 2.8 Conclusion 3 A Politically Independent Executive Arm? EU Commissioners’ Ideological Alignment and Budget Allocation in the European Union 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Institutional Setting 3.3 Data and Empirical strategy 3.5 Mechanisms 3.6 Conclusion 4 Term Limits and Accountability: Evidence from Italy 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Research setting 4.3 Research design 4.4 Main results 4.5 Mechanisms 4.6 Conclusion -- References -- A Appendix to Chapter 1 -- B Appendix to Chapter 2 -- B.1 Main results with controls - full table -- B.2 Local authority spending and funding -- B.3 Spatial distribution of other migrant groups -- B.4 2001 Census variables for matching -- B.5 UKIP results -- C Appendix to Chapter 3 -- D Appendix to Chapter 4 -- D.1 Figures -- D.2 Tables
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Kwon, Myung-Joong. « Partial vertical integration and competition policy ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357525.
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Walker, Richard Ernest Hugh. « Macroeconomic policy and labour market structure ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1677/.
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This thesis comprises three chapters. Each considers a particular manner in which policy choice and labour market structure interact to determine macroeconomic performance. The first chapter argues that employment protection legislation can significantly reduce equihbrium employment. It considers the impact of firing costs on the pricing behaviour of intermediate-good firms facing idiosyncratic productivity shocks. It is shown that, since they might work against existing market distortions, such costs can lead to either more or less efficient labour allocations. Simulations indicate that the magnitude of their effects is potentially much greater than is found in standard, representative-firm models, particularly when they act to reduce employment. The second chapter links the decentralisation of wage-bargaining in industrialised countries over the last twenty years to the more anti-inflationary macroeconomic regimes also in evidence. It presents a monetary policy game in which, prior to the central bank choosing inflation, wages are set by coalitions of unions. Unions are assumed to anticipate central bank behaviour when forming these coalitions. Using both cooperative and non-cooperative theories of coalition stability and formation, it is shown that highly conservative central banks are associated with decentralised patterns of wage-setting. The third chapter considers the effect of spatial unemployment dispersion on inflationary pressure in the aggregate. It reviews the theoretical rationales for any such effect, and argues that some previous studies have been overly restrictive in their assumption of homogeneous disaggregate Phillips curves. A theoretical rationale for disaggregate heterogeneity is provided and aggregate and regional Phillips curves estimated. Statistics on the spatial unemployment distribution are found to explain a significant part of the variation of the GB NAIRU over time.
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Ferrante, Francesco. « Technical change and environmental policy modelling ». Thesis, University of York, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283539.
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Lofthouse, Jordan K. « How Good Intentions Backfire : Failures and Negative Consequences of Federal Environment Policies ». DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4746.
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For the past 50 years, Americans have turned to the federal government to solve pressing environmental problems like air and water pollution and climate change. Major environmental policies have helped improve environmental quality to varying degrees, but these policies also have resulted in negative consequences, such as high costs, inefficiency, violations of property rights, or environmental degradation. By applying public choice theory to the evolution of federal environmental policies, we can understand how negative consequences have arisen from seemingly good intentions.
Public choice theory rejects the romantic notion that government officials work solely for the public good. Legislators and bureaucrats are rationally self-interested individuals who try to make themselves better off, like all people. Because legislators are interested in reelection and maximizing their power, they respond to special interest groups and lobbyists who can benefit them. Legislators often codify special benefits for certain companies or industries within environmental legislation and choose winners and losers, regardless of the economic or environmental outcomes. Environmental policies distort markets, altering the price signals that communicate what people value and imposing higher costs on taxpayers and consumers.
Legislators often write environmental laws vaguely, giving bureaucrats wide discretion on how to implement the laws. Bureaucrats often write environmental regulations quickly and without scientific evidence or limited economic considerations, making many of the regulations costly and ineffective in many cases. The number of regulations also grows each year, raising compliance costs while the marginal benefit of these regulations continues to decline.
Major federal environmental policies have had negative consequences, but experts have debated whether these outcomes were or were not intentional. Key politicians and bureaucrats may want to keep the current flawed laws in place because either they or their friends benefit from the status quo. Regardless of the intentionality or unintentionality of these negative consequences, large-scale federal environmental policies have provided decades of evidence that even the most nobly intended laws have significant drawbacks of which the public should be aware.
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Jarreau, Joachim. « Economic policy in globalization : four essays in economics of trade and migration ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010002/document.
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Cette thèse comporte quatre chapitres qui examinent plusieurs aspects de la politique économique- dans son rapport à la mondialisation et à l'intégration économique. Le premier chapitre considère la question du lien entre spécialisation commerciale et croissance. Les résultats identifient un lien empirique robuste entre niveau initial de sophistication et croissance du PIB réel par tête dans le cas de la Chine. Le second chapitre étudie le lien entre la structure du système bancaire chinois et la structure des exportations L'étude empirique révèle la présence de contraintes de crédit pesant sur les firmes privées domestiques) qui exportent relativement moins dans les secteurs les plus dépendants de financements extérieurs. Le troisième chapitre étudie l'impact de l'immigration sur les marchés du travail dans un cadre de marchés régionaux fragmentés. Il montre que dans ce cadre, la mobilité spatiale des travailleurs immigrés contribue à augmenter l'efficacité des marchés du travail, mais que la politique d'immigration devient plus restrictive, sous certaines conditions. Le quatrième chapitre étudie les déterminants des accords préférentiels de libre-échange entre pays. Il montre que les gains en termes d'accès au marché sont un déterminant plus fort de la probabilité de signer un accord que ceux des consommateursThis thesis consists of four chapters that examine various aspects of economic policy in its relation to globalization and economic integration. The first chapter considers the question of the link between trade specialization and growth. The results identify a robust empirical ink between initial level of sophistication at province level and real GOP per capita growth in the case of China. The second chapter examines the relationship between the structure of the Chinese banking system and the structure of exports. The empirical study reveals the presence of credit constraints weighing on domestic private firms, which export relatively less in sectors more dependent on external financing. The third chapter examines the impact of immigration on labor markets in a setting with fragmented regional markets. It shows that in this framework, the spatial mobility of migrant workers contributes to increase the efficiency of labor markets, but immigration policy becomes more restrictive under certain conditions. The fourth chapter examines the determinants of preferential free trade agreements. It shows that the gains in market access are a stronger determinant of a country's probability of signing an agreement than the gains accruing to consumers in the form of lower prices
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Argitis, Georgios. « Financial capital, monetary policy and income distribution ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272728.
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Borio, C. E. V. « Financial markets and monetary policy in Italy ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371604.
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Kemball-Cook, David. « The design of macroeconomic policy under uncertainty ». Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307854.
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D'Acosta, Lopez F. « Urban policy and national development in Mexico ». Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370861.
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Spahni, P. « The Common Wine Policy and price stabilization ». Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372934.
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Musinguzi, Polycarp. « A model of monetary policy in Uganda ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306867.
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Tsaveas, Nicholas. « Essays on uncertainty and exchange rate policy ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303162.
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Komolafe, Oluranti Stella. « Exchange rate policy in Nigera, 1960-1992 ». Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385162.
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Utting, Peter. « The political economy of economic and food policy reform in Third World socialist countries ». Thesis, University of Essex, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235626.
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Beeson, Mark. « Neoliberalism and Australia's Economic Relationship with Japan : Policy Paradigms in a Global Political Economy ». Thesis, Beeson, Mark (1996) Neoliberalism and Australia's Economic Relationship with Japan : Policy Paradigms in a Global Political Economy. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1996. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/22952/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The increasing internationalisation and integration of global economic activity has meant that the way nations seek to manage and accommodate such external imperatives is a critical determinant of national economic welfare. There has, however, been a notable variety of responses to these ubiquitous forces. In Australia, neoliberal ideas came to exert a powerful ideational influence over policy-makers during the 1980s as they attempted to reposition 'Australia' in response to the exigencies of external competition.
This thesis will argue that Australian policy makers' commitment to neoliberal ideas meant that policy was constructed within a limited set of theoretical parameters, which were unable to take account of the specific corporate and governmental practices of major trading partners. The thesis analyses the utility and effect of neoliberal ideas on the conduct of Australia's international economic relations, with particular reference to Japan. Japan is Australia's principal trading partner, an important potential source of investment capital, and the dominant economic actor in a region with which Australian policymakers seek greater 'integration'. This important economic relationship provides an appropriate case study with which to test the efficacy of the neoliberal model and the assumptions that inform it.
It will be demonstrated that some of the central concepts and assumptions of neo-classical theory, which are central to the discourse of neoliberalism, bear little resemblance to commercial practices in the region of which Australia is a part. In the course of this study, it will be argued that the dominance of neoliberal ideas may be best understood by considering their discursive influence, particularly as this was reinforced by an influential group of academics and government officials. The theoretical assumptions of these ideas will be examined, and the preconditions that rendered them attractive at a specific historical juncture detailed. It will be suggested that neoliberal ideas informed a specific political rationality which had discernible effects on a range of policy issues in Australia, but which was especially evident in the area of external economic policy.
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Koch, Paul R. Rhodes Dent. « Judgments of value in undergraduate economics instruction ». Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1994. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9521336.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1994.Title from title page screen, viewed April 11, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Dent M. Rhodes (chair), Larry D. Kennedy, Thomas F. Ryan, Bernard J. McCarney. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-111) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Hoxsie, Christian Conor. « Obligation vs. Economy : The Morality and Economic Complications of Capital Punishment ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1034.
Texte intégralRésumé :
If we accept the existence evil and evil people in the world, should we punish them? If so, to what extend? Are we obligated to take an evil person's life and if so, how far does our obligation go? Our inquiry begins with a look into the justifications of capital punishment through three philosophical theories: Locke's Deterrence Theory, Kant's Retributivist Theory, and Matthew Kramer's Purgative Rationale Theory. Next we will look at the economic weight of the U.S. capital punishment system. Lastly, should we accept an obligation to the death penalty, we will discuss whether or not the economic burden is worth our commitment. Our discussion will lead to a synergy of the two, one that reduces the economic burden while providing a richer purpose to capital punishment than merely killing criminals.
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Ekanayake, Ekanayake Mudiyanselage. « The imapcts of trade policy reforms on the Sri Lankan economy ». FIU Digital Commons, 1996. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3123.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This dissertation presents an analysis of the impacts of trade policy reforms in Sri Lanka. A Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model is constructed with detailed description of the domestic production structure and foreign trade. The model is then used to investigate the effects of trade policy reforms on resource allocation and welfare.
Prior to 1977, Sri Lanka maintained stringent control over its imports through rigid quantitative restrictions. A new economic policy reform package was introduced in 1977, and it shifted Sri Lanka's development strategy toward an export oriented policy regime. The shift of policy focus from a restrictive trade regime toward a more open trade regime is expected to have a significant impact on the volume of external trade, domestic production structure, allocation of resources, and social welfare.
Simulations are carried out to assess the effects of three major policy reforms: (1) a devaluation of the Sri Lanka rupee, (2) a partial or a complete elimination of export duties, and (3) a devaluation-cum-removal of export duties.
Simulation results indicate that the macroeconomic impact of a devaluation-cum-removal of export duties can be substantial. They also suggest that the resource-pull effects of a devaluation and a devaluation-cum-export duty removal policy are significant. However, the model shows that a devaluation combined with an export duty reduction is likely to be a superior strategy.
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Kazi, Mazharul Haque, of Western Sydney Nepean University et Faculty of Commerce. « Economic development in regional perspective : policy implications for Australia ». THESIS_FCOM_XXX_Kazi_M.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/693.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis aims to ascertain the pivotal issues that are of most significance for economic development in regional Australia. To understand these issues, it is necessary to understand prevailing economic development theories which have been traditionally considered in a nation’s policymaking. A review of a wide range of theories revealed that no single theory or set of theories provides desired outcomes from the perspective of long-term economic development of a nation given its existing structure. Researchers and policymakers throughout the world are engaged in searching for suitable options, and the ‘regional economic development with local planning’ approach for regional policymaking has been identified as a suitable option for a developed nation. The tested hypothesis of this thesis indicates that to help accelerate a smooth long-term development process of regional Australia, a suitably designed local planning approach is necessary. Simultaneously, providing an improved coordination mechanism is vital. Establishing an independent regional institutional setup throughout regional Australia should be given greater consideration as a priority issueMaster of Commerce (Hons)
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Hernández-Rodríguez, Víctor Manuel. « Why not Mexico ? Policy Recommendations for a Globally-Oriented Economic Strategy ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1968.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Mexico, one of the world’s largest economies and an increasingly relevant actor in international affairs, is at a crucial point in defining its future policy course. Given the uncertainty surrounding the global economy, as well as the political situation in Mexico, it is important to have a clear vision for policy going forward. This thesis offers a foundation for a national economic strategy with a long-term vision, upon which future administrations can build as appropriate to maximize on the country’s economic potential. The task is undertaken through a three-part approach. First, a thorough and analytical overview of the country’s economic history provides context and lessons from which to learn. Second, key economic issues to be addressed are identified through an evaluation of the current context and economic outlook. Finally, an evaluation of successful policy implementation, domestically and abroad, provides a basis that can be adapted to address the issues identified as they affect Mexico. The result is a series of six policy recommendations along two axes aimed at tackling the aforementioned key issues. These recommendations are by no means exhaustive, nor are they meant to be. The expectation is that they may serve to align national policy to global economic trends, underlying a plausible strategy to realize Mexico’s productive potential.
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McCoy, Elaine. « Economic crisis and state autonomy : a comparative study of the policy responses of the United States, Britain and Australia, 1967-1982 / ». Title page, contents and introduction only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm1311.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Politics, 1987.18 col. transparencies with accompanying notes in v. 2 endpocket, 1 - in leaf 170 (v. 1) pocket. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 538-579).
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Jun, Sangjoon. « The effects of government policy on business cycles and productivity growth ». Connect to resource, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1265724476.
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Hollstein, Till Ferdinand. « Essays on Industrial Policy, Structural Change, and International Trade ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663253.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of the thesis is to investigate the impact of patterns of trade on the structural composition of an economy. We show that trade affects an economy’s productivity by shifting labor across broad sectors and reallocating resources across firms within sectors.
In the first chapter, we examine how the introduction of a labor subsidy in the manufacturing sector affects manufacturing employment in a Ricardian trade model. Furthermore, the trade-off between subsidy distortions, dynamic productivity gains in the manufacturing sector and gains from trade are examined. We derive a critical labor subsidy. If a labor subsidy is larger than this critical subsidy, TFP growth in the manufacturing sector is higher than in the agricultural sector and the economy industrializes. Accelerated TFP growth can outweigh the welfare reducing distortions of labor subsidies in the long run.
In the second chapter, we investigate the role of quality of traded goods. We analyze a U.S. import data set and show that firms within a sector may find it profitable to export different quality levels and the quality of exported goods is bimodally distributed within these sectors. We address these results by extending the standard heterogeneous firms trade model with endogenous intermediate input quality choice and assuming that there exists quality complementarity between a firm’s capability and their choice of intermediate input quality.
In the third chapter, we examine the interrelationship between patterns of trade and premature deindustrialization. We develop a multi-sector two-economy model that allows for inter- and intra- industry trade and find an additional channel through which a developing economy may deindustrialize. Manufacturing production requires intermediate inputs that must be imported from high-income economies. The foreign technology embodied in those inputs reduces the relative price of manufactured goods over services. This effect is independent of trade openness in the manufacturing sector.
Summarizing, the thesis emphasizes the role of international trade on economic growth, structural composition, and firm selection and studies the consequences of their interdependence.
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Krichel, Thomas. « Growth and fiscal policy in dynamic optimising models ». Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844562/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This PhD thesis considers the dynamics of fiscal policy in a two-country world when growth is driven by the accumulation of private capital and public infrastructure. I study permanent growth differentials, the dynamics of optimal and time-consistent policies, the issue of policy coordination, as well as the accumulation of debt.
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Özkan, Gülçin. « Macroeconomic policy games in closed and open economies ». Thesis, University of York, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297140.
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Nooney, Hannah F. « Argentina Trapped : The Intimate Link Between Short-Term Policy Orientation and Economic Volatility ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/502.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Argentina, throughout its history, has fallen prey to a unique brand of “exceptionalism.” While it is well-endowed with both the physical and demographic inputs to successful economic growth and development, its story has been defined by a consistent inability to reach its economic potential. This work examines how the nation’s political economy dynamics create an environment that is not conducive to long-term economic development. Through an analysis of both historical factors and the country’s present situation, it focuses on how the primacy of short-term factors has become entrenched in the economic policymaking process. The discussion is comprised of a fusion of economic, political, sociological, and psychological elements, which join together in attempting to explain the duration, magnitude, and repetitive nature of Argentina’s economic woes. This exploration of the past, the present, and their interaction offers insight into the specific factors that continue to keep Argentina from achieving a sustainable development path.
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Migdad, Abdalrahman Mohamed. « The contribution of the Islamic economic theory and institutions to human economic security : the case of the Islamic redistributive institution "Zakat" in Malaysia ». Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13069273/?lang=0, 2018. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13069273/?lang=0.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Three main components represent the pillars of this research: Human Economic Security (HES), Islamic economics, and the Malaysian economy and policies addressing economic insecurities. HES is part of Human Security (HS), and both are presented in this research from the Islamic perspective to relate to both Islamic economics and Malaysia, the constitutionally Islamic country. To reach a conclusion regarding the subject, the researcher asks the question: "Can Malaysia actualize HES on the bases of equity and justice for all its citizens through enlarging and enhancing the performance of the Islamic Voluntary Economic Sector (IVES) institutions, specifically the redistributive institution of zakat?" The methodological approach of this research is basically a qualitative one. In the concluding chapter the researcher finds that Islamic economics could grow to become more social, more so through the growth of the IVES. However, a steady growth of the sector is not enough to actualize HES noticeably in Malaysian contexts. A more robust growth rate in the sector is conditional to decisive government interventions that favor the growth of the IVES.博士(グローバル社会研究)
Doctor of Philosophy in Global Society Studies
同志社大学
Doshisha University
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Alsabah, Mohammad. « Welfare Economics and Public Policy in Early 20th Century Great Britain ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1723.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Liberal welfare reforms were a series of bills passed in the British Parliament in the early twentieth-century. Initiated in response to a number of pressing economic and social issues, the Liberal welfare reforms were legislated with the purpose of combating poverty and improving the livelihood of the British working-class citizen. This thesis in economics outlines and examines critically the economic design behind the Liberal welfare reforms between 1906 and 1914.
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Mickelsson, Glenn. « Monetary Policy in Closed and Open Economies ». Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-108006.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Two DSGE models are calibrated and simulated to investigate how the role of monetarypolicy differs between a closed and an open economy. The central bank conducts monetary policy according to a Taylor (1993) rule, reacting to inflation- and output deviations. Prices are sticky and there are habit components which slow down adjustment of consumption and exports. The models are subjected to shocks in the interest rate, inflation, technology and consumption. In most of the cases the shocks have a bigger and quicker affect on output and employment in the open economy. In connection with positive consumption- and interest rate shocks inflation is big and negative at first but gets positive already two quarters after the shock, due to effects in the exchange rate channel. In closed and open economies, a stronger reaction to output, than in the standard Taylor (1993) rule, decreases welfare losses dramatically.
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Ogle, Greg. « Between statistical imperatives and theoretical obessions : an inquiry into the definition and measure of the economy / ». Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pho348.pdf.
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Maharajh, R. « Global Economic Policy Reform ». Tshwane University of Technology, 2008. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001618.
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Abstract
This paper is a contribution to the discussion about globalisation, democracy and
development. It proposes revisiting the current multilateral architecture for economic growth
and development whilst simultaneously encouraging greater coherence, cooperation and
coordination amongst the countries of Southern Africa. Competing conceptual definitions,
contextual histories and performance data regarding current institutions and agencies are
then presented. The resulting proposals for global reform favours the identification of the
critical role played by knowledge, technology and innovation systems in redressing the
inequalities and asymmetries of mere 'market-led' development.
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Gaskin, Ian William. « Palestine 1939-1945 : a study of colonial economic policy ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335677.
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Boardman, Brenda. « Economic, social and techincal considerations for fuel poverty policy ». Thesis, University of Sussex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358835.
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Santoni, Michele. « Macroeconomic and trade policy in imperfectly competitive open economies ». Thesis, University of York, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337657.
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Meyer, David W. « The Bear and the Bull : A Comparative Study of Public Policy and Economic Growth in California and Texas ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/262.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the last quarter century, California state governance has been popularly perceived as gridlocked, misguided, and overrun by interest groups opposed to both population and economic growth. By contrast, the Texas government has consistently reaffirmed its commitment to low taxes, minimal regulation, and a business-friendly climate. This divergence crystallized in the wake up the 2008-09 global financial crisis, where California’s growth rate fell sharply while Texas felt the recession’s impact more mildly and recovered quickly. Because of their similarities in size, power, and demographics, comparing the two states is well-covered ground. Nevertheless, most comparisons employ a “scorecard” method where components of public policy--state finance, taxation, and regulation--are held in isolation and a “winner” is selected. Such studies are generally not informed by academic research that evaluates the actual correlation between these elements of public policy and economic growth. Concurrently, economic research is usually conducted in the abstract and neglects to evaluate individual states with regard to their policies. This paper seeks to integrate a detailed accounting of economic literature on subnational economic growth with a holistic comparison of Texas and California. I find that while California suffers from a variety of challenges, empirical support for “Texas-style” policies as necessary for state-level economic growth is relatively weak. Thus, I conclude that California’s return to prosperity is not dependent on adopting such policies.