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Kangaspunta, Kristiina. « Who commits eco-crimes ? » Freedom from Fear 2010, no 6 (23 mars 2010) : 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/714e4fc8-en.
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Woolley, Olivia. « Book Review : Eco-Global Crimes : Contemporary Problems and Future Challenges ». Environmental Law Review 15, no 3 (août 2013) : 266–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/enlr.2013.15.3.192.
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Nigel, South. « Green criminology - revisiting : Reflections, connections, horizons ». Crimen 12, no 2 (2021) : 113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/crimen2102113s.
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This paper traces aspects of the development of a 'green' criminology. It starts with personal reflections and then describes the emergence of explicit statements of a green criminological perspective. Initially these statements were independently voiced in different parts of the world but they reflected shared concerns. These works have found unification as a 'green', 'eco-global' or 'conservation' criminology. The paper reviews the classifications available when talking about not only legally - defined crimes but also legally perpetrated harms, as well as typologies of such harms and crimes. It then looks at the integration of 'green' and 'traditional' criminological thinking before briefly exploring four dimensions of concern for today and the future.
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Mares, Dennis. « Criminalizing Ecological Harm : Crimes Against Carrying Capacity and the Criminalization of Eco-Sinners ». Critical Criminology 18, no 4 (17 septembre 2010) : 279–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10612-010-9118-4.
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South, Nigel. « Green Criminology : Reflections, Connections, Horizons ». International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 3, no 2 (1 août 2014) : 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v3i2.172.
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This paper traces aspects of the development of a ‘green’ criminology. It starts with personal reflections and then describes the emergence of explicit statements of a green criminological perspective. Initially these statements were independently voiced, in different parts of the world but they reflected shared concerns. These works have found unification as a ‘green’, ‘eco-global’ or ‘conservation’ criminology. The paper reviews the classifications available when talking about not only legally-defined crimes but also legally perpetrated harms, as well as typologies of such harms and crimes. It then looks at the integration of ‘green’ and ‘traditional’ criminological thinking before briefly exploring four dimensions of concern for today and the future.DOI: 10.5204/ijcjsd.v3i2.172
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Mat Basir, Salawati, Mohammad Naji Shah Mohammadi et Elmira Sobatian. « Analysis of Drug Trafficking and Corruption Nexus in Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) Region ». Asian Social Science 12, no 4 (19 mars 2016) : 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n4p53.
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<p>The main objective of Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) is economic development in its region but directly unproductive profit seeking activities such as drug trafficking is the prominent barrier to reach this goal. All members spend lots of money to fight against drug trafficking, as all of them suffer from drug addiction and drug related problems. The first step to cope with this problem is to identify the factors and incentives that make this region vulnerable for drug trafficking activities and to unearth what makes this region a haven for drug traffickers. A bulk of literature supports the concept that organized criminal organizations are not able to operate when there are not any forms of corruption since they are strongly interrelated. In this paper, we analyze the link between drug trafficking and corruption in ECO region in order to develop ECO strategies to hamper and interrupt these transnational crimes. Corruption has posed major challenges to the efforts taken to control drug and also has seriously damaged the ECO members’ image in international community. One of the practical solutions is the responsibility of ECO organization in implementing rule of law in the region. Undoubtedly, fighting against corruption in ECO region is a joint responsibility of international and intercontinental community and this responsibility requires collective action and cooperation among countries in the region.</p>
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Colacurci, Marco. « The Draft Convention Ecocide and the Role for Corporate Remediation. Some Insights from the International Monsanto Tribunal and a Recent Research Proposal ». International Criminal Law Review 21, no 1 (13 janvier 2021) : 154–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-bja10038.
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Abstract The debate on introducing the international crime of ecocide and corporate liability at the international level has been intense during the last fifty years. A recent research project elaborated two draft conventions on the supranational crime of ecocide and transnational crimes (eco-crimes), both acknowledging corporate liability. Also in recent years, the International Monsanto Tribunal – an opinion tribunal – found the Monsanto multinational enterprise responsible for ecocide: although not binding, its advisory opinion tackles most of the critical issues arising from corporate environmental crime. After a review of the case, the article analyses the Draft Convention Ecocide, focusing on the main features of this crime and the corporate liability system provided. Albeit some aspects could be subject to critics, the project has several strengths, particularly for its pragmatic approach to corporate remediation, and also aimed at fostering the dialogue between the national States through the approval of a specific convention.
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Tatyanina, Larisa, Anastasia Lukomskaya et Rifat Yuldoshev. « The Concept, Essence and Modern Prospects of Environmental Crime Prevention in the Russian Federation ». Всероссийский криминологический журнал 13, no 1 (26 février 2019) : 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2019.13(1).103-113.
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This research is highly relevant because environmental crimes (eco-crimes) greatly harm public relations in economic, political, social and cultural spheres of the lives of individuals, society and the state and cause colossal material damage to physical persons, juridical persons and the state. The goal of this article is to define the concept and essence, as well as to provide the criminological description of environmental crimes, which is essential for identifying contemporary prospects of its prevention. The authors describe the concept of this kind of crime in the broad and in the narrow sense. In the broad sense, environmental crime is understood as an aggregate of crimes where the object of infringement is any public relations in the sphere of protecting environmental order and ensuring environmental safety. In the narrow sense, environmental crime is understood as an aggregate of crimes committed during a certain period of time on a specific territory, manifested by a quantity and quality of homogeneous publicly dangerous, illegal, guilty and criminally punishable acts (actions and inactions), where the object of crime is public relations of protecting environmental order and ensuring environmental safety. The research singles out such attributes of environmental crime as public danger, social causation, sustainability, systemic character, structural properties; the authors examine its highly latent, organized, professional and trans-border varieties separately. They present measures to prevent environmental crimes aimed, among other things, at eliminating contradictions between environmental and criminal legislation; incorporating in law requirements to conduct environmental expertise of the planned business activities; developing a system of state and international standards of Russia in the sphere of environmental protection that reduce anthropogenic impact on the environment; developing and activating the court mechanisms of resolving contradictions between the interests of the population, businesses and the state in the sphere of environmental protection; strengthening the system of prosecutor’s supervision and implementation of prosecutor’s intervention in the sphere of environmental protection, etc.
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An, Ran, et Peng Liu. « Research on the Environmental Philosophy of China’s Environmental Crime Legislation from the Perspective of Ecological Civilization Construction ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no 2 (13 janvier 2023) : 1517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021517.
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Modern environmental philosophy is a new type of philosophy for humans re-examining the relationship between man and nature and provides the value guidance for modern environmental law. China’s environmental crime legislation has gone through the exploration period, establishment period, and optimization period. The environmental philosophy behind this is worth discussing and determines the direction China will take environmental crime in the future and whether China’s environmental strategy can really be implemented. At present, the disputes about the environmental philosophy of environmental crime in China are mainly reflected in the contention between anthropocentrism, ecocentrism, and eco-anthropocentrism. There are radical risks of pure human centrism or pure ecological centrism, and these two theories struggle to serve as a value basis for environmental crime legislation. Although eco-anthropocentrism seems to be comprehensive, it is actually ambiguous, and it is still difficult to deal with the conflict between people and nature. In recent years, China has continuously emphasized the construction of ecological civilization construction and written this into the constitution. Therefore, in the environmental philosophy issues of environmental crimes in China, we should consider absorbing the advantages of anthropocentrism, ecocentrism, and eco-anthropocentrism, while taking the original Chinese ecological civilization philosophy as the value foundation.
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Eckersley, Robyn. « Ecological Intervention : Prospects and Limits ». Ethics & ; International Affairs 21, no 3 (2007) : 293–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2007.00101.x.
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This essay seeks to extend the already controversial debate about humanitarian intervention by exploring the morality, legality, and legitimacy of ecological intervention and its corollary, ecological defense. If the legacy of the Holocaust was acceptance of a new category of “crimes against humanity” and an emerging norm of humanitarian intervention, then should the willful or reckless perpetration of mass extinctions and massive ecosystem destruction be regarded as “crimes against nature” or “ecocide” such as to ground a new norm of ecological intervention or ecological defense? The essay shows that the minimalist argument for ecological intervention—multilateral intervention in the case of environmental emergencies with major transboundary spillover effects—is the strongest and may be defended as ecological self-defense. “Eco-humanitarian intervention” to prevent ecocide involving serious human rights violations has the same precarious status as humanitarian intervention, however, and is unlikely to garner the support of developing countries. The most challenging case of all—the military rescue of nonhuman species—finds moral support in environmental philosophy but conflicts with deeply entrenched international legal and political norms concerning state territorial rights.
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Carvalho, Carlos Alberto de, et Moisés Lemos Martins. « COMENTÁRIOS DE LEITORES NA INTERNET E A AXIOLOGIA DO IDIOTA ». Contemporânea Revista de Comunicação e Cultura 19, no 1 (1 septembre 2021) : 6–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/contemporanea.v19i1.32317.
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A partir de comentários de leitores sobre notícias publicadas em sítios noticiosos do Brasil e de Portugal relativas a crimes de proximidade contra mulheres, tentamos entender, a partir dos estudos acerca das relações de gênero, qual seria, afinal, a natureza do idiota que ganha a palavra, segundo a proposição de Umberto Eco, num sítio (a internet) que somente ele pode dar a tal figura o privilégio de ser lido. Para alcançar nossos objetivos, propomos pensar o idiota tendo como referência seus modos axiológicos próprios, o que requer, em primeiro lugar, entender tal categoria de pessoas. Na sequência, analisamos alguns comentários de leitores, expressos na internet, que nos parecem típicos do idiota.
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Di Landro, Andrea. « Models of Environmental Criminal Law, Between Dependence on Administrative Law and Autonomy ». European Energy and Environmental Law Review 31, Issue 5 (1 octobre 2022) : 272–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2022019.
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The article intends to analyse the pluses and minuses of traditional environmental criminal law’s dependence on administrative law. The two possible forms of integration between criminal and administrative law, i.e., the so-called ‘purely accessory’ and ‘partially accessory’ models, are evaluated from a comparative perspective, while also considering the European Directive 2008/99/European Community (EC) on the protection of the environment through criminal law, and the new proposal for a Directive, replacing the previous one, put forward by the European Commission in December 2021. Followed by a reflection on the different model of environmental criminal law, autonomous from administrative law (also called the ‘purely criminal’ model: a model that should be associated with the purely accessory one and the partially accessory one). models of the environmental criminal law, eco-crimes, environmental criminal law’s dependence on administrative law, purely accessory model, autonomy of environmental criminal law from administrative law, European Directive 2008/99/EC on environmental crimes, European Commission proposal (2021) for a new ‘Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of the environment through criminal law and replacing Directive 2008/99/EC’
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Szumski, Adrian. « Terroryzm ekologiczny jako przestępstwo ». Przegląd Prawa i Administracji 109 (8 novembre 2017) : 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1134.109.17.
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ECO-TERRORISM AS ACRIMINAL OFFENCETerrorism belongs to the most serious challenges that contemporary world must face. Terroristic deeds violate the foundations of states and societies, and they are threat for their proper functioning. Simultaneously they coerce the authorities of respective states to create proper legal regulations that will penalize this phenomenon. Very wide definition of terrorism includes also so called ecological terrorism. The aim of this article is to answer the question about the place of ecological terrorism among the deeds penalized by the Polish penal code. It is important, because not all unlawful deeds that, in common language, are called “ecological terrorism” may be considered as terrorist acts in the light of the Polish penal law. Designation of adeed as one of aterrorist nature brings also important consequences from the legal point of view. The analysis of legal regulations led me to the conclusion that admittedly the Polish penal law does not reference directly to the crime of “ecoterrorism” but binding legal regulations which concern crimes of terroristic nature may be, in some scope, aground for criminal responsibility. Ialso concluded that these regulations seem to be proper, and there is no need to formulate aseparate definition of ecological terrorism in the Polish penal law, however some utterances included in Polish regulations may cause certain doubts. My conclusion is also that the regulations concerned the financing of crimes of aterroristic nature shall be clarified.
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Rothe, Delf, et David Shim. « Sensing the ground : On the global politics of satellite-based activism ». Review of International Studies 44, no 3 (23 janvier 2018) : 414–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210517000602.
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AbstractIn recent years, satellite imagery, previously restricted to the defence and intelligence communities, has been made available to a range of non-state actors as well. Non-governmental organisations, journalists, and celebrities such as George Clooney now use remote sensing data like digital Sherlock Holmeses to investigate and reveal human rights abuses, political violence, environmental destruction, and eco-crimes from a distance. It is often said that the increasing availability and applicability of remote sensing technologies has contributed to the rise of what can be called ‘satellite-based activism’ empowering non-state groups to challenge state practices of seeing and showing. In this article we argue that NGO activism is not challenging the sovereign gaze of the state but, on the contrary, actually reinforcing it. We will bolster our arguments in this regard in two prominent fields of non-governmental remote sensing: human rights and environmental governance.
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Magno, Maria Ignês Carlos, et Letícia Kuhl. « A representação do mecanismo cognitivo de Sherlock Holmes em “A Noiva Abominável” ». Comunicação & ; Educação 23, no 1 (7 juin 2018) : 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9125.v23i1p149-158.
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O objetivo deste artigo é investigar e analisar o mecanismo cognitivo de Sherlock Holmes na narrativa do episódio “A Noiva Abominável”, exibido pela BBC, que sintetiza todos os processos usados durante a série por meio da definição de sua personalidade, caracterizada como a de um sociopata altamente funcional. A função da memória para a resolução dos crimes; o motivo de seu ceticismo diante de fatos que não podem ser comprovados cientificamente; a inteligência acima da média e a capacidade para observar e imaginar além daquilo que é obvio; a prática de meditação e uso de drogas alucinógenas também são analisados. Para esta discussão serão apresentados autores como Ivan Izquierdo, com seu referencial sobre o mecanismo da memória, além de Umberto Eco e Thomas Sebeok, com a teoria de abdução, essencial para o entendimento das estratégias investigativas de Sherlock Holmes.Palavras-chave: Sherlock Holmes. Série Televisiva, Cognição.
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Zaitsev, Oleg A., Vladimir P. Kashepov et Stanislav L. Nudel. « CRIMINAL POLICY REGARDING CRIMES COMMITTED IN THE SPHERE OF BUSINESS ». Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Pravo, no 37 (2020) : 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22253513/37/4.
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In the article, the authors consider the problems of the formation and implementation of criminal policy in relation to crimes committed in the field of entrepreneurial activity in the context of the development of criminal and criminal procedural law and law enforcement practice. In the Russian Federation, special attention is paid to building trust between government and business; stability and predictability of legal regulation of economic relations; the formation of a law enforcement system that effectively protects economic rights and freedom of entrepreneurship. At the same time, the current norms on responsibility for crimes of an eco-nomic orientation in conjunction with procedural forms of criminal proceedings, as well as their actual implementation, cause justified concern in the science of law and law enforcement practice due to their imperfection. Ensuring the protection of economic relations should be expressed not only in combating economic crime, but also in the development of effective criminal law and criminal procedural mechanisms for protecting the legitimate interests of entrepreneurs who may be involved in the sphere of criminal proceedings. The leading components of Russian criminal policy in the field of economic security are such forms of legislative transformation as criminalization and decriminalization. The ongoing socio-political and economic transformations necessitate the decriminalization of certain acts (for example, in relation to pseudo-business; deliberately false advertising, consumer fraud, etc.) or require the criminalization of certain acts in the economic sphere (in particular, in relation to the falsification of a single state register of legal entities, illegal retail sale of alco-holic and alcohol-containing food products, etc.) The humanization of legislation is substantiated by modern concepts of substantive and procedural guarantees for ensuring the rights of entrepreneurs, aimed at mitigating measures of criminal repression, the need to maintain a balance of private and public interests that need appropriate legal protection. Modern criminal policy is inevitably associated with the further modernization of criminal proceedings, the democratization of its principles and means of law enforcement. At the same time, the main emphasis is placed on the creation of a special, favorable procedural regime in the conduct of preliminary investigation and court proceedings. First of all, this concerns changes in the procedure for applying preventive measures. In addition, in cases of crimes in the field of entrepreneurial and other economic activity, the criminal procedure legislation has undergone changes, fixing the features: the procedure for considering a report of a crime; initiation of a criminal case against entrepreneurs; the performance of procedural actions with electronic media, other items and documents seized in the course of criminal proceedings; release from criminal liability and termination of criminal prosecution, etc. It is concluded that, within the framework of the state's criminal policy, one should expect changes and additions to criminal and criminal procedural legislation aimed at strengthening trust between the government and business, the formation of a fair law enforcement system that can effectively protect basic economic rights and freedom of entrepreneurship.
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Posłuszna, Elżbieta. « A Prognostic View on the Ideological Determinants of Violence in the Radical Ecological Movement ». Sustainability 12, no 16 (13 août 2020) : 6536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166536.
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Ecologically motivated violence that manifests itself in the animal-rights and environmental forms is not a declining phenomenon. The fluctuating increase of the number of ecologically motivated crimes during the last 50 years, the multiplicity of the methods used (arson, food poisoning in supermarkets, destruction of equipment, attacks with the use of incentivized devices) should make us look at eco-extremism as a dynamic and difficult to grasp phenomenon. The paper is of both explanatory and prognostic nature; its goal is to present the genesis and essence of ecological radicalism, as well as to formulate the predictions for the future. In these forecasts, I wish to depart from the frequent, albeit somewhat simplistic, argument that, since the environmental extremist groups have not yet resorted to direct violence (targeting humans), and the animal-rights groups have reached for it very rarely, this state of affairs will continue in the future. This claim does not necessarily have to be true. I argue that some aspects of ideology can induce, in certain circumstances (a growing ecological catastrophe, further departure from the anthropocentric perspective), a change of the potential of radicalism within the environmental and animal-rights movements. In the case of animal-rights groups, the principle of not causing harm to people may be openly rejected, and in the case of environmental groups, the actions aimed at the annihilation of the whole human species may be undertaken.
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Buddhadasa, M. P. A. A., K. G. N. U. Ranaweera, K. B. N. Silva et R. M. D. A. Rathnayaka. « A Criminological Analysis on Burglary Related Environmental Factors in Sri Lanka ». Vidyodaya Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 06, no 01 (2021) : 01–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31357/fhss/vjhss.v06i01.01.
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With the birth and growth of criminology related sub discipline, ‘environmental criminology’ or in other words, crime designated ecological perspective has gained a wide acceptance among the criminology academia. As a consequent, the immediate surrounding of an individual has been identified as a criminogenic factor. Criminology has been specifically focusing on the characteristics of offenders as well as offences and has been somewhat disregarding the criminogenic spatial factors of crime. Focusing and identifying the designated burglary related ecological factors have been the prime intention of this criminological research study. Thus, a purposive sample of 57 crime scenes under burglary has been observed during a period of two years (2017-2019) within the Western Province of Sri Lanka. Data were retrieved by using qualitative methodology. The research revealed three types of environmental factors linked with the burglary crime scenes namely, natural, built, and social. The built and social eco factors have been main criminogenic features in urban and semi-urban spaces. Specifically, weather, land usage and location could be identified as burglary related environmental factors. Apart from natural environmental factors, architectural and landscape features were recognized as associated-built environmental factors with housebreak. As this is a pioneering research study connected to the environmental aspect of crimes, the study has filled the existing research gap from the Sri Lankan perspective. Measures in controlling and preventing crime can be achieved through the management of environmental elements and using environmental designing with the advanced technology.
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Bedina, I. A., A. A. Burtsev et T. V. Kochetova. « Main Models of Medical and Psychological Work for Prevention of Repeated Drunk Driving (International Experience) ». Psychology and Law 12, no 1 (2022) : 2–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2022120101.
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The article analyses foreign scientific data and looks into the medical and psychological aspect of modern system of prevention of recurring crimes arising from drunk driving. Eco-nomically developed countries are shown to have obligatory medical and psychological in-terventions as part of their process of re-authorization to drive, and the scale and duration of such interventions depend on the legal framework of a particular state. Generalization of the material studied by the authors of the article led to formulation of a few organizational work models for medical practitioners and psychologists to help them prevent recurring drunk driving. The first model suggests that preventive measures are only aimed to raise of-fending drivers’ awareness of alcohol and drug addiction. The second model demands that the authorities assess the mental health and psychological preparedness for safe driving in offending drivers. The compulsory therapeutic and rehabilitation measures for persons ad-dicted to psychoactive substances in these countries are not included in drunk driving pre-vention system. The third model involves extended and long-term therapeutic and rehabili-tation programs for persons who indulged in drunk driving. Such programs include reveal-ing one’s unconscious motivations along with subsequent transformation of one’s former convictions and customary behavioral patterns. The authors believe that the "extended out-come" of these programs can be seen as an advantage of this model, since overcoming one’s addiction has a positive impact on all social aspects of one’s life activity. The authors point out the social and economical effectiveness of the models under discussion and sub-stantiate their applicability in the domestic system of recurrent drunk driving prevention.
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Kamalova, Gulfia G. « CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR BREACH OF CONFIDENTIALITY REGIME IN RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN LEGISLATION ». Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Pravo, no 40 (2021) : 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22253513/40/4.
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The subject of the work is the status and prospects of criminal law liability for various violations of the special legal regime of legally protected secrets. Considering the specifics of criminal liability for violation of confidentiality of information, experts traditionally focus on certain legally protected secrets and a detailed analysis of the relevant corpus delicti, which does not allow to cover the problem of protection of information of limited access by criminal law means as a whole. The author of this article performed a comprehensive legal analysis of criminal liability for violation of legal regime of secrets protected by law and other restricted information on the basis of a set of unlawful acts of non-compliance with the requirements of the regime. Methodologically, the study is based on a set of modern general scientific and private legal methods. It is based on the comparative legal method, which allows to compare the norms of criminal legislation of Russia, CIS countries, European and other states. The author draws attention to the existing differences and notes that some provisions of the modern Russian criminal law do not meet the requirements of the time, modern challenges and threats of the global information society in the conditions of building a digital economy. Based on a generalized analysis of the regulatory legal framework of the Russian Federation, foreign states and existing doctrinal views, the conclusion is made about the unsystematic composition of crimes aimed at violating the legal regime of secrets protected by law and other information of limited access. The author additionally notes the need to separate eco-nomic espionage and intentional disclosure of trade secrets into separate corpus delicti. Certain shortcomings of the Russian criminal law is the lack of corpus delicti aimed at the protection of legal regimes of professional and official secrets, personal data. Taking into account changes in the attitude to the institution of adoption and global trends in the protec-tion of children's rights, the possibility of decriminalisation of the disclosure of adoption secrets in modern conditions has been argued. The above and other problems identified in Russian criminal law with regard to the protection of legally established secrets and other restricted information are aimed at improving criminal legislation.
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Lea, John. « Emerging Issues in Green Criminology : Exploring Power, Justice and Harm. By Reece Walters, Diane Westerhuis and Tanya Wyatt (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, 265 pp. £24.00)Environmental Harm : An Eco-Justice Perspective. By Rob White (Policy Press, 2013, 216 pp. £70.00)Eco-Global Crimes : Contemporary Problems and Future Challenges. By Rune Ellefsen, Ragnild Sollund and Guri Larsen (Ashgate, 2012, 304 pp. £66.00) ». British Journal of Criminology 54, no 4 (10 mai 2014) : 691–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azu024.
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Liaqat, Qurratulaen. « War Afflicted Beings : Myth-Ecological Discourse of the Play Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo by Rajiv Joseph // Seres afligidos por la guerra : Discurso mito-ecológico de la obra Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo de Rajiv Joseph ». Ecozon@ : European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment 9, no 2 (24 octobre 2018) : 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2018.9.2.2306.
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Every war has grave repercussions for both the human and non-human elements in the geographical location where it erupts. Dramatic productions like Rajiv Joseph’s Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo (2009) highlight the consequences of war on the ecosystem of the conflict-stricken vicinity of Baghdad city. In the play, the chaotic world portrayed is an ecocentric site where the ghost of a tiger talks and the destruction of the garden, of Baghdad city and of human values are lamented. To illustrate the hazards of human conflict, Joseph incorporates ancient myths with the tragedy of the Iraq war to raise issues related to Eco-theology, Zoo-criticism, Speciesism, Green Criticism, Eco-Feminism and Environmental Racism against the backdrop of the Iraq War. The author integrates Grail legends, Greek mythology and monotheistic religious texts in the play’s structure to draw attention to the impending environmental doom. For example, the garden in the play reminds us of Biblical gardens, the assault of a virgin brings to mind Ovid’s story of Philomela’s rape, and the quest for a golden toilet seat in the desert is a clear indication of the Grail motif in the play’s narrative. All these instances insinuate the embedded mythical patterns and the current era’s indifference to the safety of our fellow species. Moreover, the play does not only hint at war crimes, but also refers to the overall structure of the world as an outcome of human negligence and insensitivity towards the environment. In short, the play is a myth-ecological narrative of the dilapidated ecology of the contemporary world. Resumen Toda guerra tiene graves repercusiones para los elementos humanos y no humanos de la ubicación geográfica en la que estalla. Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo (2009), de Rajiv Joseph, es una obra de teatro en la que se destacan las consecuencias de la guerra en el ecosistema de las zonas afectadas por conflictos en la ciudad de Bagdad. El mundo caótico retratado es un sitio ecocéntrico en el que habla el fantasma de un tigre, y en el que se lamenta la destrucción del jardín, la ciudad de Bagdad y los valores humanos. Joseph incorpora los mitos antiguos a la tragedia de la guerra de Irak para plantear temas relacionados con la ecoteología, la zoología, la crítica verde, el ecofeminismo y el racismo ambiental en el contexto de la guerra de Iraq. El autor integra las leyendas del Grial, la mitología griega y textos religiosos monoteístas en la estructura de la obra con el fin de llamar la atención sobre el inminente apocalipsis ambiental. Por ejemplo, el jardín de la obra nos recuerda a los jardines bíblicos; el asalto de una virgen en la obra nos hace recordar la historia de la violación de Filomela, narrada por Ovidio; y la búsqueda de un inodoro dorado en el desierto es una clara alusión al motivo del Grial en la narrativa de la obra. Todos estos ejemplos insinúan los modelos míticos incrustados en la obra, y la indiferencia de la era actual hacia la seguridad de los demás seres humanos. La obra no solo insinúa crímenes de guerra, sino que también se refiere a la estructura general del mundo como resultado de la negligencia humana y la insensibilidad hacia el medio ambiente. En resumen, la obra es una narración mito-ecológica sobre la ecología dilapidada del mundo contemporáneo.
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Viana, Luana, et Carlos Pernisa Júnior. « True Crime em podcasts narrativos : ». Revista Eco-Pós 25, no 3 (18 décembre 2022) : 318–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29146/eco-ps.v25i3.27655.
Texte intégralRésumé :
O presente artigo tem como objetivo realizar um levantamento do material complementar ao áudio utilizado por podcasts para compreender em que medida ocorre a associação entre o formato de radiojornalismo narrativo em podcasting (Kischinhevsky, 2018) e a adoção de tais complementos. Partindo de um estudo exploratório que conta com um corpus de 77 produções, os dados quantitativos contribuem para a delimitação de um perfil inicial de podcasts nacionais e internacionais que se enquadram na categoria True Crime. Além disso, este trabalho apresenta novas perspectivas a serem investigadas sobre elementos parassonoros que compõem as narrativas sobre crimes reais.
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Polak, Iva. « Unpunishable Crimes in Claire G. Coleman’s Futuristic Novel Terra Nullius ». Humanities 11, no 2 (25 mars 2022) : 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h11020047.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Aside from being part of a vibrant corpus of Indigenous futurism, Claire G. Coleman’s novel Terra Nullius (2017) can also be analysed as an eco-crime novel. Indigenous Australian authors of this genre (e.g., Philip McLaren, Steven McCarthy, Nicole Watson) often anchor the source of criminal acts in the theft, loss and devastation of traditional lands, which provides their crime novels with a heightened awareness of environmental issues. The same applies to Terra Nullius. This is, however, a novel that successfully conceals its futuristic framework until halfway through. Equally, this successfully disrupts the usual postulates of crime fiction by shifting the reader’s attention from the usual “whodunnit” to the more elusive “whoizzit” mode of crime fiction. This, as the discussion reveals, means that the criminal acts in Terra Nullius are rendered unpunishable. This paradox, as it is argued, is strengthened by introducing the so-called “noir detective” (Timothy Morton) in the character of Father Grark, who cannot investigate that which constitutes the crime and the alibi shaping the world of Coleman’s futuristic novel.
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Валентина Ивановна, Шиян,. « Environmental crime as a threat to the national security of the Russian Federation ». Расследование преступлений : проблемы и пути их решения, no 3(37) (10 octobre 2022) : 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54217/2411-1627.2022.37.3.010.
Texte intégralRésumé :
В настоящее время экологическая преступность относится к числу угроз национальной безопасности Российской Федерации, поскольку, несмотря на незначительный удельный вес в структуре преступности, причиняет существенный, а порой и невосполнимый вред окружающей среде, усиливает влияние антропогенных факторов, что приводит к количественным и качественным изменениям природы. В частности, способствует снижению плодородия почв, дефициту водных ресурсов, ухудшению состояния морских экосистем, биологического разнообразия; усиливает загрязнение окружающей среды; способствует возникновению чрезвычайных ситуаций природного и техногенного характера, международной напряженности и конфликтам между государствами. В результате влечет за собой снижение качества жизни человека, причиняет вред его жизни или здоровью либо создает угрозу причинения такого вреда. Цель исследования: на основе изучения норм уголовного законодательства, фундаментальных положений криминологии и статистических форм ФКУ «ГИАЦ МВД России» (№ 491, 492 и 494 за период с 2017 по 2021 г.) дать оценку современному состоянию и тенденциям экологической преступности. Методы. В процессе исследования использовались общенаучные (системный анализ, синтез, индукция, дедукция, гипотеза, обобщение, системный подход, моделирование) и частнонаучные методы познания (статистический, математический, формально-юридический, сравнительно-правовой). Результаты. Невзирая на тенденцию снижения количества зарегистрированных экологических преступлений и числа лиц, их совершивших, меры по профилактике экологической преступности должны постоянно совершенствоваться, иметь комплексный, регулярный и наступательный характер. Учитывая транснациональный характер исследуемого вида преступности, важным направлением в ее предупреждении должно быть международное сотрудничество. Совершенно очевидно, что решение проблем, возникающих в сфере борьбы с экопреступностью, не может обойтись и без использования достижений современной науки. Currently, environmental crime is one of the threats to the national security of the Russian Federation, because, despite its insignificant share in the structure of crime, it causes significant harm to the environment, increases the influence of anthropogenic factors, which leads to quantitative and qualitative changes in nature. In particular, it contributes to the reduction of soil fertility, water scarcity, deterioration of marine ecosystems, and biological diversity; increases environmental pollution; contributes to the emergence of natural and man-made emergencies, international tensions and conflicts between states. As a result, it entails a decrease in the quality of human life, causes harm to his life or health, or creates a threat of causing such harm. The purpose of the study: based on the study of the norms of criminal law, the fundamental provisions of criminology and statistical data for the period from 2017 to 2021, to assess the current state and trends of environmental crime. Methods. The author uses general scientific (system analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, hypothesis, generalization, system approach, modeling) and particular scientific methods of cognition (statistical, mathematical, formal legal, comparative legal). Results. Despite the downward trend in the number of registered environmental crimes and the number of persons who committed them, measures to prevent environmental crime must be constantly improved, have a comprehensive, regular and offensive character. Given the transnational nature of the type of crime under study, international cooperation should be an important direction in its prevention. It is obvious that the solution of problems arising in the field of combating eco-crime cannot do without the use of the achievements of modern science.
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Volinsky, Alexander Fomich, et Vladimir Antonovich Prorvich. « Features of Formation of Integrated Legal Foundation for Electronic Litigation on Crimesin the Sphere of Eco ». Russian Journal of Legal Studies 6, no 1 (15 décembre 2019) : 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls18487.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The development of the information society, various branches of the digital economy and new manifestations of crime put on the agenda the creation of an electronic litigation system with the use of modern information technologies to improve the quality documents in the courts. The relevant policy documents set out tasks and improve the quality of various types of legal proceedings, including the creation of electronic justice using artificial intelligence computer robots based on neural network algorithms. At the same time there is a high level of risks of introduction of fundamentally different facilities from other legal families into the judicial practice, for the reduction of which a number of measures to form an integrated legal foundation of electronic litigation crimes in the economic sphere.
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Moreno Herrera, Myriam. « Matar um albatroz : a propósito da antijuridicidade dos atentados contra ecovítimas ». ANAMORPHOSIS - Revista Internacional de Direito e Literatura 5, no 1 (11 juin 2019) : 95–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.21119/anamps.51.95-123.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Este ensaio é sobre a célebre "A balada do velho marinheiro" de Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1898), uma obra romântica que incorpora poeticamente o primeiro programa ambientalista que a literatura já ofereceu. Portanto, com a ajuda do mundo espiritual de Coleridge e de suas narrativas meta-ficcionais, esta pesquisa visa a penetrar no núcleo dos crimes contra o meio ambiente. Atualmente, uma crescente complexidade jurídica aprisiona o meio ambiente em uma rede normativa densa que pode estar impedindo a completa compreensão das perdas globais experimentadas em casos de ecovitimação e dos abusos que estão em jogo nessas situações. Sob tais circunstâncias, propõe-se uma revisão da impressionante obra-prima de Coleridge, aplicando o método narrativo emergente no marco da Vitimologia Narrativa, disciplina que se ocupa do relato cultural da vitimação e suas consequências.
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Tokarchuk, Dina. « ECO CRIMES AND WASTE PROBLEMS DURING THE HOSTILITIES IN UKRAINE ». Scientific opinion : Economics and Management, no 3(79) (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2521-666x/2022-79-21.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The active hostilities that have been taking place on the territory of Ukraine since February 24, 2022 are the continuation of the war that the Russian Federation started back in 2014 with the occupation of the territories of Luhansk and Donetsk regions and Crimea. Among the consequences of hostilities, in addition to civilian casualties and large-scale destruction, there is also a negative impact on the environment, which can pose a threat to people’s health and life. The article describes the direct and indirect environmental consequences of hostilities. It is substantiated that the actions of the Russian occupiers can be classified as ecocrimes. The classification of ecocrimes is presented, including the following types: damage to industrial facilities; crimes against energy security that pose a threat to the environment; impact on ecosystems; destruction of the genetic bank of plants; promoting waste generation. Ecocrimes are analyzed according to the proposed types. It was determined that there is significant damage to industrial facilities in Ukraine, which has caused emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere, pollution of land and groundwater, damage to infrastructure facilities. It is substantiated that crimes against energy security, and especially against nuclear security, pose perhaps the greatest threat not only to the environment, but also to the life and health of the population. The negative influence of military operations on land ecosystems (destruction due to fires, passage of heavy military equipment, construction of trenches, etc.), marine ecosystems (pollution of the waters of the Black Sea, and especially the Sea of Azov) and the destruction of the unique genetic bank of plants in the city of Kharkiv were analyzed. The problem of waste generation as a component of ecocrimes during the war is studied. It was determined that the specific waste of hostilities is military waste (broken equipment, mines, unexploded shells, etc.), construction waste (from the destruction of buildings), hazardous waste generated during the destruction or damage of industrial enterprises (which produce harmful substances), waste of agricultural enterprises (animal corpses during the destruction of farms, animal manure when it is impossible to dispose them due to hostilities).
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García Ruiz, Ascensión, Nigel South et Avi Brisman. « Eco-Crimes and Ecocide at Sea : Toward a New Blue Criminology ». International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 5 novembre 2020, 0306624X2096795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x20967950.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This essay adopts an interdisciplinary approach to consider the meaning of “eco-crime” in the aquatic environment and draws on marine science, the study of criminal law and environmental law, and the criminology of environmental harms. It reviews examples of actions and behaviors of concern, such as offences committed by transnational organized crime and the legal and illegal over-exploitation of marine resources, and it discusses responses related to protection, prosecution and punishment, including proposals for an internationally accepted and enforced law of ecocide. One key element of the policy and practice of ending ecocide is the call to prioritize the adoption of technologies that are benign and renewable. Our essay concludes with a description of the “Almadraba” method of fishing to illustrate that there are ways in which the principles of sustainability and restoration can be applied in an ethical and just way in the context of modern fisheries.
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Turksen, Umut, et Adam Abukari. « OECD’s global principles and EU’s tax crime measures ». Journal of Financial Crime ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (23 juin 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-09-2019-0118.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose This paper aims to investigate and provide pathways for leveraging the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD’s) Ten Global Principles (TGPs) for countering tax crimes in the EU. Design/methodology/approach The study is guided by the combination of traditional and innovative research methods drawn from criminal law and justice, public regulatory theory and tax law, based on socio-legal and comparative methodologies. Findings The research shows that EU has achieved considerable amount of progress when it comes to meeting the TGPs. However, law and practice in EU Member States indicate that there are different legal, human and organisational approaches to fighting tax crimes. The TGPs could be strategically applied to complementing the EU’s Fifth Anti-Money Laundering Directive (AMLD) and other initiatives on Administrative Cooperation. Research limitations/implications Although the TGPs appear encompassing, there are opportunities to harness the potency of these principles and to provide more tailored principles that can help engineer sustainable remedies for countering tax crimes in the EU. Practical implications The paper critically analyses, through a multidisciplinary approach, the main legal, human and organisational factors influencing the prosecution of tax crimes in the EU Member States. Social implications Realignment and harmonisation of tax enforcement paractices in the EU Member States thus help in the reduction of tax gap resulting from tax offences. Originality/value The paper provides novel approaches and findings based on empirical info obtained from face-to-face focus groups with end users and law enforcement agencies in tax enforcement eco-system in ten different EU Member States.
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Oliveira, VEM, Trynke R. de Jong et Inga D. Neumann. « Modelling sexual violence in male rats : the sexual aggression test (SxAT) ». Translational Psychiatry 12, no 1 (18 mai 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-01973-3.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractSexual assault and rape are crimes that impact victims worldwide. Although the psychosocial and eco-evolutionary factors associated with this antisocial behavior have repeatedly been studied, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are still largely unknown. Here, we established a novel paradigm to provoke and subsequently assess sexual aggression (SxA) in adult male Wistar rats: the sexual aggression test (SxAT). Briefly, male Wistar rats are sexually aroused by a receptive female, which is exchanged by a non-receptive female immediately after the first intromission. This protocol elicits forced mounting and aggressive behavior toward the non-receptive female to different degrees, which can be scored. In a series of experiments we have shown that SxA behavior is a relatively stable trait in rats and correlates positively with sexual motivation. Rats with innate abnormal anxiety and aggressive behavior also show abnormal SxA behavior. In addition, central infusion of oxytocin moderately inhibits aggressive behavior, but increases forced mounting. Finally, we identified the agranular insular cortex to be specifically activated by SxA, however, inhibition of this region did not significantly alter behavior in the SxAT. Altogether, the SxAT is a paradigm that can be readily implemented in behavioral laboratories as a valuable tool to find answers regarding the biological mechanisms underlying SxA in humans, as well as social decision-making in general.
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Saha, Suman, Md Moniruzzaman Hemal, Md Zunead Abedin Eidmum, Md Abdul Halim Khan et Bakhtiar Muiz. « SELF-POWER DRIVEN IOT-BASED SMART STREET LIGHTING SYSTEM (SSLS) ». Khulna University Studies, 18 octobre 2022, 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53808/kus.2022.icstem4ir.0207-se.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Street lighting promotes safety by allowing pedestrians and vehicles to see each other and prevents accidents, robberies, unwanted theft, and other crimes that occur on the highway. But the electrical energy consumed for street lighting is a significant concern for developing countries, especially when the lights are on at night during the absence of objects. Also, maintaining the street lighting system is costly, and manually controlling and repairing the lights is unfeasible. Considering the above problems, this paper presents an IoT-based street lighting system that mitigates the above challenges by automating the system. The proposed system will run entirely on solar power systems, which draw clean, pure energy from the sun. As the object gets closer, the lights will become brighter and reduce the brightness as objects travel away. The system also cleans the lights once every week by servo motor. To determine whether the light needs repairing, replacing, or not, an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module is used that transmits a report from the location to a central server. The system also can measure air pollutant gases like Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), etc., by using the MQ- 135 sensors and sending the information to the web server for further analysis of air quality. The proposed smart street lighting system is low-cost, faster-response, eco-friendly, and energy-efficient. It aims to reduce active power loss while boosting energy efficiency, monitoring air quality, decreasing the cost of maintaining the street lighting system, and reducing the hard labor cost of controlling the system.
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Al-Shareef, Naif. « Environmental Crimes and Penalties in Saudi Arabia : A Comparative Study ». مجلة جامعة الملك عبدالعزيز-الاقتصاد والإدارة 29, no 1 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/eco.29-1.6.
Texte intégral
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Solodov, Denis, et Elżbieta Zębek. « Unlawful prosecution in the case regarding the destruction of a forest eco-system ». Revista Brasileira de Direito Processual Penal 8, no 2 (26 août 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.22197/rbdpp.v8i2.711.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The overall complexity of the subject matter and the required high level of expertise make environmental crime investigations quite a challenging task for law enforcement. The clandestine nature of environmental offences combined with the environmental law’s intricacy is among the reasons behind prosecutorial failures. The authors analyze a criminal case regarding illegal deforestation, which eventually ended up in an acquittal. By retracing the steps that led to wrongful prosecution and accusations in this criminal case, the authors reflect on some legal and practical challenges concerning environmental crime investigations in Europe and in Poland, including the problem of timely detection of environmental infringements, the use of proper evidence-gathering procedures, as well as the issues related to the methodology of environmental damage assessment. In this regard, the authors analyze the provisions of the Environmental Compliance Assurance Guidance “Combating environmental crimes and related infringements” adopted by the EU Commission in 2021.