Thèses : « E09A »

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NITTARI, GIULIO. « Telepharmacy Services for Improving Medical Care Quality on Board Ships ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Camerino, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11581/428470.

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Travelling at sea for any reason poses travelers at risk of accidents or diseases. Treatment of these problems requires the availability of drugs and medical devices to cope with these situations. Another problematic factor in case of pathologies onboard is the fact that with the only exception of passenger on cruise ships, merchant ships do not carry doctor or adequately trained paramedic personnel. With the discovery and dissemination of the radio, the isolation conditions at the sea were interrupted and Radio Medical Centers were established to ensure reasonable levels of medical care on board. When accidents occur on board or if a crew member suffers grave a disease of some complexity, the master may request the intervention of a physician on a nearby ship with medical facilities on board, or may ask medical advice to a maritime telemedicine assistance service (T.M.A.S.). In this respect it should be mentioned that the Italian T.M.A.S., Centro Internazionale Radio Medico (C.I.R.M.), is the organization with the largest experience in the field worldwide. The disparity between national and international regulations relatively to medicines that ships must have on board, can make healthcare complicated, especially in ships involved in long distance routes and far long times Recent Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) technology advancements have led to health care improvement and increased the scope of technology in the medical fields. What was impossible in the past due to technological limitations is now possible, improving health outcomes of vulnerable populations, such as seafarers. The discipline that governs the application of modern medical technologies is called e-health or commonly referred to as “electronic health”. This thesis describes in detail all the services that include electronic health with the advantages and limitations associated with them by analyzing in depth what these technologies are most widely used for applications are also presented according their use. The rest of the document consist of some publications in specific e-health services published during my PhD program in telemedicine and telepharmacy by myself and all the team in the department I worked with. In order to further improve the quality of assistance provided to seafarers (but, by extension, to all remote patients) a questionnaire on "Customer Satisfaction" was developed, submitted to both seafarers and their TMAS assistants. This allowed us to assess in first person the degree of appreciation of the services offered and experienced, overall. Development of a system for handling the ship’s pharmacy requires knowledge of compliance, understanding of the life at sea and an analytical approach to managing the medical chest. The aim of the system is to manage the ship’s medical chest reducing as much as possible the human interaction avoiding misunderstanding and issues. The system developed has proved to be an effective tool which serves to guarantee the compliance of the ship pharmacy with regulations of the flag state in terms of medicinal products and medications. Sharing the system with the Telemedical Maritime Assistance Service may result in avoiding mistakes in drug administration. Last but not least the availability of that software could help reduce/avoid problems with maritime health authorities in case any of the required medicinal products are missing.

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Moummi, Abdelhafid. « Etude globale et locale du rôle de la géométrie dans l'optimisation des capteurs solaires plans à air ». Valenciennes, 1994. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/3e717f2f-e09a-4b1a-af50-e618b869f5dc.

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Les capteurs solaires plans à air, présentent de faibles performances thermiques comparativement aux capteurs à liquides. Cet inconvénient est dû aux faibles propriétés thermophysiques de l'air. Pour accroitre ces performances, on doit créer des écoulements turbulents très développés. Cela permet d'améliorer nettement l'échange thermique et par conséquent les performances des capteurs. Ces écoulements turbulents sont obtenus en garnissant le conduit de l'insolateur par des obstacles les chicanes de formes diverses et variées, réalisées en tôles d'aluminium d'épaisseur 0,4 mm. C'est ainsi qu'un certain accent a été mis sur des chicanes de formes rectangulaires, et suivant certaines dispositions spécifiques, ont permis d'obtenir de très nettes améliorations des performances. En plus du calcul du rendement et du coefficient global des déperditions thermiques, il a été jugé utile de relever la distribution des températures à plusieurs endroits, le long de l'écoulement du fluide caloporteur, étant donné que le coefficient d'échange moyen, par son aspect global, ne permet de localiser dans l'espace total de l'échange, à l'intérieur du capteur, les zones de faible transfert thermique. Ces relevés nous donnent une indication sur la qualité du transfert, une information sur le régime d'écoulement, au niveau des différentes cellules créées par la disposition de ces obstacles. Les choix adéquats des configurations, de la disposition (la plus homogène possible) des chicanes en particulier, créent le plus de désordre dans le conduit du capteur, et favorisent ainsi un meilleur échange entre le fluide caloporteur et l'absorbeur

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McTaggart, James Suntac. « Effects of activating KATP channel mutations on neuronal function ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d9d102f7-e094-480e-9172-b517515b3537.

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Nye, Elizabeth. « Classroom behaviour management to support children's social, emotional, and behavioural development ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cbf8fc9e-e095-42b7-a983-eedfdc407aa1.

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Introduction: Children's social, emotional, and behavioural difficulties are associated with reduced academic performance, stressed teacher-child relationships, and other negative academic and life outcomes. The Incredible Years Teacher Classroom Management (IY TCM) programme is one intervention developed to address problematic behaviours via training teachers to use positive and proactive management strategies. The overall aim of this DPhil is to use the Incredible Years Teacher Classroom Management programme as a case study for applying mixed methods at the systematic review level to ascertain what is known about both the programme's effectiveness and how people experience the course, and subsequently to use the systematic review's findings as a springboard (rather than as an end goal) for more exploratory research into 'for whom' the programme might work. Method: Study One is a mixed methods systematic review of IY TCM. It applied multilevel meta-analysis to RCT outcome data and grounded theory meta-synthesis to interview and focus group data on stakeholders' experiences of IY TCM. Quantitative and qualitative findings were cross-synthesised and mapped using an integrative grid. Study Two moves the field forward by filling a gap in the evidence base, as identified in Study One. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with special educational needs coordinators (SENCos) across Devon, exploring the acceptability and appropriateness of expanding IY TCM to the subgroup of children with special educational needs (SEN) in mainstream schools. Data were analysed thematically and mapped onto IY TCM content. Results: In Study One, nine studies reported across 14 papers met inclusion criteria for either quantitative or qualitative strands of this systematic review. Multilevel meta-analysis of RCTs (n=4) indicated that the programme produced teacher- and child-level results in the desired directions. Clear trends across all measured outcomes favoured the intervention group over the treatment-as-usual comparison. Qualitative meta-synthesis (n=5) illuminated a cyclical learning process and broader conceptualisation of teacher and child outcomes than was evident in the quantitative evidence. Notably, RCT data on teacher outcomes were limited to self-reported or observed behaviours, while teachers described other benefits from IY TCM including increased knowledge and emotional well-being. Cross-synthesis of findings from the two review strands highlighted harmony across the RCT and qualitative evidence but also a number of areas in which constructs that were prioritised by one type of research were not integrated into the other. Study Two generated classroom management strategies from SENCos, which aligned closely with strategies taught in IY TCM, indicating that IY TCM would be both acceptable and applicable (if not sufficient) for use when working with children identified with SEN and behavioural difficulties in schools. Discussion: Based on the positive effects of implementing IY TCM despite very few studies to power analyses, the programme appears to offer tangible benefits to both teachers and children. It is possible that results are underestimated due to limited types of outcomes measured and absence of experiential data from additional stakeholders (e.g., parents). Depending on current provision of special educational needs services, schools operating inclusion models are likely to find these strategies beneficial for children identified with SEN, and this subgroup should be explicitly examined in future IY TCM studies.

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Sellick, Jessica Lucy. « Animal geographies of cattle : bodies, spaces, ethics ». Thesis, University of Bristol, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/89c595b0-e09b-4950-8632-8adc1c25000a.

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Cole, Eleanor. « Personality and cognitive variation in a wild population of the great tit (Parus major) ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fe756891-e091-411a-a58f-d7e093ebde94.

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The evolutionary processes that shape individual variation in continuous behavioural traits remain poorly understood. While the emerging discipline of animal personality is providing increasing evidence that consistent individual differences in behaviour have significant fitness consequences, cognitive traits are yet to be explored in the same manner. My general objective in this thesis was twofold. First, I aimed to examine the ecological significance and fitness consequences of the cognitive trait innovative problem solving-performance, using a population of great tits (Parus major). Second, I aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying the functional significance of ‘exploration behaviour’ a captive measure of the reactive- proactive personality axis, focusing specifically on foraging and risk-taking behaviour. This two-trait approach was expected to shed light on whether personality and cognition simultaneously influence fundamental behaviours. By carrying out behavioural assays on birds temporarily held in captivity, I showed that success at solving a food-motivated problem was repeatable within individuals, consistent between two different tasks and independent of exploration behaviour. Problem-solving performance was positively related to clutch size and fledgling number, established when birds were released back into the wild. Furthermore, when rearing offspring, solvers had shorter working day lengths than non-solvers and foraged over smaller ranges without compromising either provisioning quantity or quality. However, solver females were also more likely to desert their broods than non-solvers and consequently there was little evidence to suggest that directional selection acted on problem-solving performance. In comparison to non-solvers, solver males were also found to be poorer at competing for limited food resources during the winter. Together these findings suggest that costs and benefits are associated with problem-solving performance, which together may act to maintain variation in this trait. My thesis also provides some of the first evidence that exploration behaviour is related to both foraging and risk-taking behaviour in the wild. In comparison to relatively slow explorers, fast exploring males were better competitors at feeders during the winter. Relatively fast and slow explorers also differed in a number of foraging behaviours during offspring provisioning, although not always in the direction predicted from captive work on other populations. Finally, while exploration behaviour was positively correlated with risk- taking behaviour amongst breeding females during incubation, it did not predict nest desertion in response to the risk associated with being trapped by field workers. Collectively these findings suggest that personality measured in captivity has specific but not general power to predict behaviour in the wild. An important facet of evolution is that natural selection is rarely likely to act on a single trait in isolation owing to correlations between traits. This thesis demonstrates how important behaviours in the wild can be simultaneously linked to multiple sources of consistent behavioural variation. It also represents the first large-scale investigation of how variation in a cognitive trait relates to natural behaviour, reproductive life-history variation and fitness in wild animals. Using this individual-based approach in a natural setting may prove to be a useful tool for understanding how selection acts on cognitive traits.

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Greder, Lucas. « Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e43ea699-e06a-4e2f-bd0a-342aea09942b.

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Definitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are generated de novo from a subset of endothelium, the hemogenic endothelium (HE), via a process called the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). To facilitate the study of HE throughout this process, our lab generated a Runx1 enhancer-reporter mouse model (23GFP) to dissect the cellular and molecular events that underlie EHT. Previous work in the lab highlighted that HE undergoes dynamic fate changes already early in development characterized by two distinct states, a competent state (cHE) and a specifying stage (sHE). In the context of EHT, this study rewrote the timeline of hematopoietic commitment during EHT and showed this is initiated in sHE before the proHSC and type I and type II preHSC stages. My aim was to identify and characterize the gene regulatory interactions (GRIs) underlying these cell fate transitions. We reasoned that integration of expression (RNA-seq) and chromatin profiles (ATAC-seq) would facilitate identification of these GRIs. After validating and characterizing the data sets, we focused on TFs where the timing and appearance of the motif coincided with expression of the TF and identified these as putative regulators of accessibility and subsequent changes in gene expression. Focusing on two key cell fate transitions: (1) cHE to sHE and (2) sHE to proHSC, we generated GRI maps. Analysis of these regulatory interactions identified putative causative regulators, including Bcl11a, Mef2c, Ikzf1, and Ikzf2. Looking more closely at Ikzf1, we identified a -28 element required for proper Ikzf1 expression. Interestingly, -28 activity was Runx1-dependent. Further investigation identified Notch signaling as a downstream target of the novel the Runx1-Ikzf1 regulatory axis. Finally, interrogation of this regulatory axis using genetic perturbation revealed a complex interaction whereby Runx1 and Ikzf1 work both individually and synergistically to regulate Notch during in vitro EHT.

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Bouchaud, Grégory. « Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle du complexe formé entre la chaîne Alpha soluble du Récepteur de l'Interleukine 15 Humaine et l'Interleukine-15 : implication en immuno-cancérologie ». Nantes, 2009. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=73b03bed-e0da-4f75-a33c-58e52cdf2a1b.

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L'Interleukine-15 (IL-15) est une cytokine qui présente des activités semblables à celles de l'IL-2 in vitro du fait de l'utilisation commune des chaînes réceptrices IL-2Rβ et γc, la spécificité d'action étant conférée par une chaîne réceptrice α. L'IL-15Rα existe sous forme soluble après clivage protéolytique de la forme membranaire. Dans cette étude, nous avons caractérisé les mécanismes moléculaires régulant les activités agonistes et antagonistes des formes solubles de la chaîne IL-15Rα. Nous avons mis en évidence que le domaine du sIL-15Rα codée par l’exon 3 et, située à l'extrémité C-terminale du domaine sushi liant la cytokine, participe à la forte affinité du complexe IL-15/sIL-15Rα et est indispensable à la fonction antagoniste du récepteur soluble. Nous avons également montré le rôle primordial du complexe IL-15/sIL-15Rα dans des pathologies cancéreuses et inflammatoires grâces au pouvoir pro-inflammatoire induit par le sIL-15Rα dans les cancers de la tête et du cou et son implication dans la réponse thérapeutique à l'infliximab (anti-TNF) dans la maladie de Crohn. Ce travail montre que le sIL-15Rα est une composante importante dans la régulation des activités de l'IL-15 et pourrait conduire à différentes applications thérapeutiques
The Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a cytokine which outlines similar activities as those of IL-2 in vitro because of the common use of IL-2Rβ and γc chains. The specificity of action is conferred by a private α chain (IL-15Rα). The α chain exists in soluble form after proteolytic cleavage of the membrane anchored IL-15Rα. In this study, we characterized the molecular mechanisms regulating the agonistic and antagonistic activities of the soluble forms of IL-15Rα (sIL-15Rα). We highlighted that the exon 3 encoded domain of the sIL-15Rα, located at the C-terminal end of the IL-15 binding domain (sushi) which participates to the high affinity of the IL-15/sIL-15Rα complex and is necessary for the antagonistic function of the soluble receptor. We also showed the vital role of this complex in cancer and inflammatory diseases through the capacity to escape to immunity of tumor with sIL-15Rα in head and neck cancers and it involvement in the therapeutic response to infliximab in Crohn disease. This work shows that the sIL-15Rα is an important component in the regulation of IL-15 and could lead to different therapeutic applications

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Olivier, Simon. « Matériaux photoréticulables à base de fluorophores photopolymérisables : synthèse et caractérisations pour la fabrication d’OLEDs ». Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=0cc3c336-e0fa-405b-bbad-5654a7a453d2.

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Les travaux de thèse réalisés en cotutelle entre l’Université de Nantes et le CEA-LETI à Grenoble visent à élaborer des molécules émissives photopolymérisables pour concevoir des diodes électroluminescentes par voie liquide. Si de nombreux travaux se sont intéressés à l’élaboration de couches transportrices de trous photoréticulables pour s’affranchir des processus d’évaporation, peu compatibles avec des grandes surfaces et très coûteux, très peu d’études ont été dévolues au dépôt en solution de couches émettrices. Il s’est agi de synthétiser, de caractériser, et de mettre en forme des petites molécules photoactives à transfert de charge aptes à photopolymériser et à former des films minces amorphes et fortement fluorescents. Des monomères émettant dans le bleu, le vert et le rouge à partir d’une approche modulaire impliquant un même composé intermédiaire-clé ont été synthétisés, minimisant ainsi les étapes de synthèse. Ils ont conduit à la génération de films minces aux propriétés amorphes et électroniques gouvernées de manière indépendante par l’encombrement des substituants et l’appauvrissement du groupe électro-attracteur. Par simple irradiation UV et développement, des films insolubles d’épaisseur nanométrique et conservant leurs propriétés émissives ont été obtenus. Cette photopolymérisation a été exploitée pour fabriquer des systèmes multicouches après optimisation des conditions d’exposition, de la concentration en photoamorceur et des conditions environnementales. Des dispositifs électroluminescents ont été réalisés en couplant dépôt par voie liquide (spincoating, ink-jet) et dépôt par évaporation pour les couches supérieures, et leurs performances testées
This PhD work realized in co-supervision between the University of Nantes and the CEA-LETI in Grenoble aims at elaborating photopolymerizable emissive molecules to fabricate electroluminescent diodes following a solution process. Although many studies have been performed on the elaboration of photopolymerizable hole transporting layers to get rid of the commonly used evaporation processes, poorly compatible with large areas and expensive, little has been done on the wet deposition of emitting layers. The studies performed herein report on the syntheses, the characterizations, and the use of emissive small molecules, amenable to polymerize and form highly fluorescent amorphous thin films Monomers emitting in the blue, green and red ranges have been synthesized following a modular strategy involving the same key intermediate compound, thereby minimizing the synthesis steps. They yielded thin films with amorphous and electronic properties ruled independently by the substituant bulkiness and the increasing power of the electron-withdrawing group. After simple UV irradiation and development, nanometric insoluble thin layers, remaining fluorescent, have been obtained. Such photopolymerization has been harnessed to fabricate multilayer systems, after optimization of the exposure conditions, the photo-initiator concentration and the surrounding environment. Electroluminescent devices have been realized by coupling this wet deposition process (e. G. Spin-coating and inkjet) with the vacuum evaporation of top layers, and their performances have been measured

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Géhan, Martin. « Contribution à l' intégration des processus de planification de la production et de la maintenance en contexte incertain ». Nantes, 2014. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=dbce8d63-e09d-4a6f-9748-a238b22b9f68.

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La planification tactique de la production a pour but la détermination des quantités à produire et à stocker pour satisfaire la demande client en minimisant les coûts de production. Ces prévisions reposent sur l’estimation de la capacité du système de production. Or, cette donnée est sujette à de nombreux aléas, dont notamment l’indisponibilité du système de production pour cause de panne. Les plans de production obtenus à partir de celle-ci peuvent donc devenir infaisables. L’objectif de cette thèse est de chercher à répondre à cette préoccupation en intégrant au problème de planification des considérations relatives à la disponibilité de l’outil de production et ainsi à sa stratégie de maintenance, ces champs étant généralement abordés de manière indépendante. Cette intégration induit des dépendances mutuelles entre les deux domaines, dont les objectifs sont conflictuels. Dans un premier temps, nous avons cherché à analyser un problème simplifié de planification de la production pour comprendre l’organisation des décisions optimales. Ensuite nous avons étendu ces résultats pour la construction d’algorithmes performants pour répondre au problème de planification tactique. Les problèmes ciblés sont des problèmes de taille de lots avec temps de setup et coûts de demande perdue, dans lesquels nous considérons de la maintenance préventive et corrective du système de production. Dans un second temps nous intégrons dans des modèles sans demande perdue des critères de performances sous forme de contraintes de disponibilité ou de faisabilité de plans, traduisant ainsi la bonne intégration de la maintenance au sein du processus de planification
The aim of tactical planning of the production is to determinate the quantities to produce and to store to meet customer demand while minimizing production costs. These forecasts are based on an estimate of the capacity of the production system. However, this data is subject to many uncertainties, including the unavailability of the production system due to breakdown. The production plans based on it may be infeasible. This integration induces mutual dependencies between the two domains, whose objectives are conflicting. First, we tried to analyze a simplified problem of production planning in order to understand the organization of optimal decisions. Then we used these results to the develop efficient algorithms to solve the problem of tactical planning. We consider Lot-Sizing problems with setup times and shortage costs and with preventive and corrective maintenance concerns. In a second step we integrate in models without shortage some performance criteria, as a constraints of availability or feasibility of the planning plans, reflecting the correct integration of maintenance in the planning process

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Crawford, Polly Joanna. « Guiding intervention : identifying parental risk factors for children's preoperative anxiety ». Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/guiding-intervention(482c91fb-e06a-4407-9226-b9aa20b76d47).html.

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Up to 65% of children who undergo surgery may experience high levels of preoperative anxiety (Dreger & Tremback, 2006). Preoperative anxiety, poor compliance during induction of anaesthesia, and other maladaptive preoperative behaviours have been shown to predict postoperative maladaptive behaviours (e.g. Stargatt, Davidson, Huang, Czarnecki, Gibson, Stewart, & Jamsen, 2006). Research has illustrated that parent’s anxiety about their child’s operation is related to children’s preoperative anxiety, yet the relationship remains unclear (Kain, Maclaren, Weinberg, Huszti, Anderson & Mayes 2009). With better understanding of parent-child factors associated with increased levels of children’s preoperative anxiety, it is hoped that children at-risk can be identified in advance. The study aimed to investigate the association between certain child, parental and in-hospital setting factors with children’s preoperative anxiety. The study also investigated the association between child self report and parental proxy report of children’s preoperative anxiety. This study employed a cross-sectional correlational design in 90 children aged 3-12 years who underwent elective surgery at the Evelina London Children’s Hospital, and their parents. It was designed to test for relationships between parent’s anxiety, parental coping, parenting style and children’s preoperative anxiety. Correlational analyses showed that parent proxy report of children’s anxiety was significantly associated with observational measures of children’s preoperative anxiety. A multiple linear regression model revealed that child’s age, parent’s state anxiety and parental coping style predicted higher levels of children’s preoperative anxiety. Overall the findings suggest that older children, high levels of parental preoperative anxiety and parents’ emotion focussed coping are risk factors for children’s preoperative anxiety. Assessment of these factors needs to be incorporated into routine preoperative clinics and for interventions to be appropriately tailored and targeted to those parent-child dyads ‘at risk’. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed as well as limitations and avenues for future research.

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Boutiton, Sophie. « Généralisation des schémas GQ2 et Rabin-Williams : équivalence avec la factorisation des grands nombres ». Limoges, 2006. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/2f7cec9e-e03a-447e-bb17-8d20828d1a30/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0007.pdf.

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L’objectif de cette thèse est de généraliser les protocoles de sécurité GQ2 et Rabin- Williams, tous deux reliés au problème difficile de la factorisation des grands nombres. Nous évaluons la sécurité du schéma GQ2, en particulier à travers l’estimation de la capacité d’usurper une identité relativement à la capacité de factoriser la clé publique. Puis, nous montrons la forte probabilité de générer des clés GQ2 compatibles avec l’utilisation de modules RSA généraux, de modules multi-facteurs, ou de plus grands exposants publics. Dans le domaine de la signature, aucun schéma de type Rabin-Williams n’a jamais réussi à concilier l’utilisation d’un exposant unique de signature quel que soit le module considéré. Nous proposons ici une solution qui généralise naturellement les précédents schémas. Le dernier chapitre reprend une technique de preuve de validation du module. Sans améliorer les résultats antérieurs, un protocole couvrant une classe de modules de forme particulière est présenté
This thesis is about the generalization of the GQ2 and Rabin-Williams schemes. Their security relies on the problem of factorization of large numbers. First we have a look at the security of the GQ2 protocol by giving an estimation of the power of cheating related to the power of factorizing the public key number. Then we prove the overwhelming probability to generate GQ2 keys from general RSA moduli, from moduli composed by more than two factors, or from larger public exponents. Up until now, none of Rabin-Williams type digital signatures have a unique signature exponent when considering any two-factor modulus. We present here a solution that also generalizes the previous schemes. The last chapter is based on an article by Gennaro, Micciancio and Rabin (CCS99). Their results are not improved here but a new proof is given, using technical tools, to prove the validity of some two-factor moduli

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Parodi, Aurély. « Impact de nouveaux modes de gestion sur l’accélération de la dégradation de déchets ménagers : approche multiparamétrique et multi-échelle ». Limoges, 2010. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/6f645e4d-e00a-4f35-8d61-118e54ac2faa/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4077.pdf.

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Ce travail de thèse consiste en une comparaison multiparamétrique et multi-échelle de différentes modalités de prétraitement des déchets ménagers dont le but est d'accélérer la dégradation des déchets en conditions d'enfouissement et atteindre plus rapidement un état stabilisé. Il s'inscrit dans le cadre de 2 projets de recherche (BIOPTIME et ELIA) au cours desquels 21 modalités de traitement ont été testés à l'échelle 68 L et 23m3. La nécessité de caractériser au mieux l'effet d'un mode de traitement a conduit au développement d'un protocole de lixiviation adapté à la matrice déchet et destiné à mettre en évidence des différences de comportement entre les modalités testées. Le protocole mis en place allie le suivi des phases liquides, gazeuses et solides sur une durée de 120 h sans renouvellement. Les composés organiques remobilisés se révèlent être de pertinents indicateurs du potentiel de lixiviation des déchets. Les résultats obtenus pour l'ensemble des matrices considérés (au cours de l'exploitation des pilotes, suivi analytique du déchet, du lixiviat et du biogaz) corrélés aux données du test de lixiviation, ont permis de cibler 2 modalités de traitement qui ont montré un réel impact sur l'amélioration de la dégradation. Cette approche multi-paramètres a ainsi permis d'identifier le fractionnement des composés organiques selon leur caractère hydrophobe et la mesure de l'indice SUVA comme indicateurs pertinents pour évaluer l'avancement de la dégradation ou un état de stabilisation. Un bilan hybride et massique complet des modalités les plus performantes a confirmé les résultats de l'analyse
This research is a multi-parametric and multi-scale comparison of municipal solid waste pretreatment in order to accelerate waste degradation in landfill conditions. This work is part of two research projects (ELIA and BIOPTIME) in which 21 types of treatment were tested at 68 L and 23m3 scale. In a first time, this research aims at developed a leaching test protocol adapted to the waste matrix and to highlight differences between pretreatments. The protocol established combines liquid phases, gaseous and solid analysis during a period of 120 hours without renewal. The organic compounds mobilized in liquid phase are relevant indicators of the potential leaching of waste. With the results for all considered matrices (analytical monitoring during the pilot operation of waste, leachate and biogas) correlated with the leaching test data, two treatments were found to have a real impact on the biodegradation of waste. This multi-parameter approach has also identified the fractionation of organic compounds according to their hydrophobicity and the index SUVA as relevant indicators to assess state of waste degradation or stabilization. A complete water and mass balance of the most efficient treatments confirmed the results of the analysis

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Mustafa, Mohamed. « Guaranteed SLAM : an interval approach ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/guaranteed-slaman-interval-approach(50242329-e0fa-43dd-881b-6719c5504231).html.

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The mapping problem is a major player in mobile robotics, and it is essential for many real applications such as disaster response or nuclear decommissioning. Generally, the robotic mapping is addressed under the umbrella of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). Several probabilistic techniques were developed in the literature to approach the SLAM problem, and despite the good performance, their convergence proof is only limited to linear Gaussian models. This thesis proposes an interval SLAM (i-SLAM) algorithm as a new approach that addresses the robotic mapping problem in the context of interval methods. The noise of the robot sensor is assumed bounded, and without any prior knowledge of its distribution, we specify soft conditions that guarantee the convergence of robotic mapping for the case of nonlinear models with non-Gaussian noise. A new theory about compact sets is developed in the context of real analysis to conclude such conditions. Then, a case study is presented where the performance of i-SLAM is compared to the probabilistic counterparts in terms of accuracy and efficiency. Moreover, this work presents an application for i-SLAM using an RGB-D sensor that operates in unknown environments. Interval methods and computer vision techniques are employed to extract planar landmarks in the environment. Then, a new hybrid data association approach is developed using a modified version of bag-of-features method to uniquely identify different landmarks across timesteps. Finally, the results obtained using the proposed data association approach are compared to the typical least-squares approaches, thus demonstrating the consistency and accuracy of the proposed approach.

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Poyser, Samantha. « Watchdogs of the wrongly convicted : the role of the media in revealing miscarriages of justice ». Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2012. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/watchdogs-of-the-wrongly-convicted(344ec4b0-e0ea-40e6-b4a6-9319e4c5d0eb).html.

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Miscarriages of justice occur far more frequently than we dare to believe (Yant, 1991; Naughton, 2009) and quite simply, ruin people’s lives. Many of these injustices have been revealed and ultimately rectified as a result of work by journalists who have dedicated energy and resources to investigating and publicising them. However, the involvement of the media in this area appears to have diminished over time, leading campaigners to claim that prisoners protesting their innocence should not now place too much faith in the informal involvement of journalists in their cases (Allison, 2004, n.p.). Such claims are of particular concern in the light of recent criticism that the Criminal Cases Review Commission, the formal investigator of miscarriages of justice, is not ‘fit for purpose' (Woffinden, 2010; Laville, 2012). Using a triangulated research strategy which included interviews, questionnaires, and narrative analysis, this thesis examined the positive role of the media in miscarriages of justice cases in England and Wales (from the 1960s through to the present day); and determined how the media’s involvement in such cases had changed over time. The results indicated that the media’s major contribution to miscarriages of justice comes in the form of publicity and investigations. Of these, media investigations were found to bring about the biggest impact in a case, in terms of the journalist discovering fresh evidence which subsequently proves to be crucial at a prisoner’s appeal. However, a number of motivations and considerations were found to influence journalists’ decisions upon whether to get involved in miscarriages of justice and which cases to get involved in. These included moralistic motivations and profit-related considerations. Regarding those cases which are taken up by the media, there is a five-stage process (a model of journalistic involvement in miscarriages of justice) which journalists enter into. During this process journalists come up against a number of obstacles which determine whether they can continue with their involvement. But what makes a successful investigative journalist? Certain attributes may be particularly important in order to achieve success as a journalist in investigating miscarriages of justice, attributes which, the quantitative research strand of this thesis revealed, are similar to those required by criminal investigators. This strand of the thesis also revealed that successful investigators draw upon more qualities from ‘within the person’ than from ‘within the profession’ in order to achieve success. Journalists’ aims in telling stories about miscarriages of justice are numerous and although these stories share similarities with investigative stories in other genres, they also differ from them. This is particularly so in terms of their endings, as comparison of their structure with that of the fictional detective ‘Whodunit?’ story demonstrates, (i.e. there is no solution to the crime). It was also found that journalistic involvement in miscarriages has changed over time, from the 1960s, when there was little involvement, to the late 1980s/early 1990s which saw massive media interest in miscarriages. From the mid-90s however, a number of factors, especially increased commercial pressures, began to hamper journalists’ ability to get involved in, and particularly to investigate miscarriages, factors which persist today. Despite such issues, it is argued that some journalists will always remain ‘crusaders in the name of the public right to know’, viewing it as their professional duty to investigate and expose miscarriages of justice. This is fortunate, as until radical changes to the appellate system occur, many prisoners will still, it is argued, need them in the pursuit of freedom from injustice.

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Powell, Vaughan. « Visual properties of virtual target objects : implications for reaching and grasping tasks in a virtual reality rehabilitation context ». Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2012. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/visual-properties-of-virtual-target-objects(dce47af9-e0aa-482a-96a1-b12c6de746b6).html.

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Shoulder dysfunction is common and accounts for around four million days of sick leave in the UK each year. Treatment approaches aim to reduce pain, and improve range of motion (ROM). However, patient adherence to therapeutic regimes is poor, partly due to pain avoidance behaviour and lack of engaging therapeutic exercises. Virtual rehabilitation is an area of healthcare which combines physical therapy with virtual reality (VR). It has been shown to facilitate patient engagement and reduce pain perception. Reaching and grasping tasks are well suited to VR applications, and there are a number of studies using VR to explore upper limb motion. However, current approaches for evaluating active shoulder rotation are problematic. A functional test known as Apley’s scratch test could potentially be adapted with magnetic motion tracking, to provide an objective proxy rotation measure to assess changes in ROM in a VR context. An empirical study demonstrated that active rotational movements of the shoulder could be successfully tracked in VR, and that there was evidence of pain suppression during the motion tasks. In addition, head tracking for patients with shoulder and neck pain, was addressed using a novel eye-hand tracking approach. In addition, observations of participants revealed aberrant motion patterns that could compromise rehabilitation outcomes. Despite providing depth cues in the VE itself, analysis suggested that a number of participants remained unsure of the spatial location of the target object which would lead to suboptimal movement behaviour. It was hypothesised that target object geometry may have a particular role in distance judgments, such that a simple icosahedron would provide richer cues with lower computational demand than commonly used spheres or detailed realistic modelled geometry. It was also proposed that providing a proximity cue using exaggerated brightness changes might improve the ability to locate and grasp the object in virtual space. Empirical studies demonstrated that the sphere had a significantly higher duration of time-to-target required in the terminal phase of reaching. Furthermore they demonstrated that a simple icosahedron was more effectively located in virtual space than the sphere object, and performed as well as a more computationally complex “realistic” model. The introduction of richer visual cues only in the terminal phase of reaching was ineffective as was the use of brightness as a proximity cue demonstrating that the use of richer geometry cues throughout was more influential. Nevertheless whilst target object geometry can facilitate spatial perception and influence reaching and grasping task performance, it was not associated with a reduction in arm elevation rigid system behaviour, suggesting other factors still warrant further investigation. This thesis demonstrates that the visual properties of the VE component of a VR system, and specifically the target objects within it, should be taken into consideration when designing spatial perception or reaching tasks in VR, especially within a rehabilitation context.

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Davies, Jacob. « Metal-free visible-light promoted generation of nitrogen-centred radicals via photoredox catalysis ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/metalfree-visiblelight-promoted-generation-of-nitrogencentred-radicals-via-photoredox-catalysis(88120039-e096-4f79-8205-fd2f58b9319e).html.

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Nitrogen-centred radicals (NCRs) are powerful reaction intermediates that allow key bonds to nitrogen to be formed. However, the generation of NCRs typically requires pre-functionalised precursors that can be difficult to access and harsh reaction conditions in the formation of the NCR itself which has limited synthetic application. In this thesis, the application of visible-light mediated photoredox catalysis towards the generation of iminyl and amidyl radicals is demonstrated and the advances to NCR chemistry this has facilitated. Initial work developed electron-poor O-aryl oximes as suitable precursors for hydroimination reactions, activated via single-electron reduction under photoredox conditions. These precursors are accessible by a simple condensation reaction with the commercially available hydroxylamine and can be purified by recrystallization. The realisation of a transition metal-free protocol was made possible by using the organic dye eosin Y as the photocatalyst. This activation mode was then extended to the generation of (carb)amidyl-radicals from easy-to-make O-aryl hydroxylamides. Similar transition metal-free photoredox reaction conditions could be applied in intramolecular hydroamidation reactions allowing the preparation of lactams and cyclic (thio)carbamates. For the first time N-Boc and N-Cbz protected amidyl-radicals were utilised despite the very high electrophilic nature of these species. Finally, one of the big challenges associated with NCR chemistry was addressed; the development of multicomponent reactions for the divergent synthesis of complex N-containing molecules. Previously developed O-aryl precursors proved unsuitable and instead a novel class of alpha-imino acid precursors were identified that can be activated via oxidation under photoredox conditions. This activation mode was also rendered transition metal-free by using the Fukuzumi photoredox catalyst. These new NCR precursors proved crucial in developing a divergent methodology that allows the synthesis of up to fifteen iminofunctionalised products from a single starting material. Moreover, this methodology could be applied to the modification of complex natural products such as immunosuppressant drug mycophenolic acid and alkaloid thebaine. One could envisage such an approach may be ideal for a drug discovery type situation where changes in functionality can greater alter drug activity.

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Liatsos, Richard M. « An investigation of the factors involved in the development of Pan European Financial Information Systems ». Thesis, University of South Wales, 1998. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/an-investigation-of-the-factors-involved-in-the-development-of-pan-european-financial-information-systems(3561ef83-e09e-4c79-a5fd-5b902bccd692).html.

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This thesis discusses the features of, and design issues involved in, the evolution of Pan European Financial Information Systems (PEFIS). The factors influencing the development and use of PEFIS are discussed in the light of current EU attempts to harmonize European accounting systems and implement single currency legislation. An investigation of current market trends in this areas is presented and a criteria for assessing the development of such systems is proposed together with strategies for setting up the required development environment. An extensive survey was conducted in order to discover the extent of PEFIS development amongst the major European software houses and these results are reported in this study. Also an existing 'Pan European financial application' is analysed for compliance with the discussed characteristics of a PEFIS.

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Hinde, Eleanor. « Frontiers in the lipid biology of human skin : the role of DGAT1 in skin function and homeostasis ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/frontiers-in-the-lipid-biology-of-human-skin-the-role-of-dgat1-in-skin-function-and-homeostasis(36925078-e0ca-4f2d-a84e-5a4e44c424de).html.

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The skin of mammals contains sebaceous glands (SGs) which are attached to the hair follicle (HF), and their best known function is to release sebum onto the skin surface via the HF canal. It has long been known that these two entities of the pilosebaceous unit are interconnected, but the extent to which the two ‘control’ one another was less clear. The current project set out to investigate the impact of the HF cycle on the SG. It was found that in a depilation- induced HF cycle, SG morphology altered drastically, with an increase in SG area (P<0.001), number of sebocytes (P<0.001), and individual sebocyte area (P<0.001) occurring after HF depilation. In SGs attached to a spontaneously cycling HF, none of the above was observed, indicating that spontaneous HF cycling does not affect SG morphology, whereas anagen induction by depilation is associated with altered SG morphology, likely as a result of HF trauma. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) is an enzyme known for its role in the production of various lipids. It was previously shown that DGAT1 knockout in mice caused SG atrophy, which was thought to be caused by an increased level of retinoic acid within the skin, which in turn caused atrophy of the gland. The current project aimed to further investigate the role of the DGAT1 enzyme in murine skin. Based on the results of the previous experiments, HF and SG morphology of spontaneously-cycling DGAT1 knockout mice were assessed. It was found that DGAT1 knockout caused delayed HF morphogenesis, altered HF cycling, increased HF length (P<0.001), more acute HF growth angle (P<0.001), increased SG apoptosis(P<0.001), decreased SG lipid content (P<0.001) and dysfunctional lipid droplet formation. The impact of DGAT1 knockout on HF morphology and cycling suggests that DGAT1 knockout causes alterations in the WNT/ beta-catenin signalling pathway, as these processes are highly controlled by this signalling pathway. In order to investigate the role of the DGAT1 enzyme in human HFs, and to investigate the hypothesis that DGAT1 may directly interact with the WNT/ beta-catenin signalling pathway, HFs were organ-cultured in the presence of a pharmacological DGAT1 inhibitor (AZD7687). It was found, at the transcriptional level, that one of the major canonical pathways affected by DGAT1 inhibition in human HFs was the WNT/ beta-catenin signalling pathway. DGAT1 inhibition was found to cause suppression of the WNT/beta-catenin signalling pathway via a down-regulation of a number of WNT/beta-catenin related genes. Overall, these results show that SG morphology is largely dependent upon HF homeostasis, and suggest that the DGAT1 enzyme may possess a previously unknown role, directly impacting the WNT/ beta-catenin signalling pathway.

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Jorge, Francis Mark. « The potential pathogenicity of Dolosigranulum pigrum in multiple sclerosis, and the occurrence of the organism in the upper respiratory tract ». Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2014. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-potential-pathogenicity-of-dolosigranulum-pigrum-in-multiple-sclerosis-and-the-occurrence-of-the-organism-in-the-upper-respiratory-tract(45abde04-e04a-4138-bb0f-f12a097f6051).html.

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The bacterial toxins hypothesis in multiple sclerosis postulates that bacterial toxins from the human nasopharynx access the central nervous system and are implicated in the disease. Dolosigranulum pigrum was originally found in acute multiple sclerosis tissues. This study seeks to determine if the organism is found in human nasal tracts and explores the relationship between Dolosigranulum pigrum infection and multiple sclerosis by measuring antibody to the bacterium in multiple sclerosis patients and matched controls. Eighty eight clinical specimens were cultured onto blood agar and analysed using rabbit anti-Dolosigranulum pigrum sera, and fluorescein isothiocyanate. None tested positive for Dolosigranulum pigrum. Dolosigranulum pigrum was looked for using a novel polymerase chain reaction test. Thirty samples tested positive, 17 male, 13 female, with an age range from 8 days to 74 years. Twelve were sent for sequencing, seven matched Dolosigranulum pigrum, two showed mixed amplicons and three produced signals not matching Dolosigranulum pigrum. Sixty five multiple sclerosis sera and matched controls were tested for anti-Dolosigranulum pigrum using a novel enzyme linked immunosorbant assay. The multiple sclerosis group showed raised antibodies, significantly different to the controls, p ≤ 0.001. Fifteen of the multiple sclerosis sera and controls were Western blotted. There were no common bands when compared with rabbit sera containing antibodies to Dolosigranulum pigrum. This study shows that Dolosigranulum pigrum is found in the nasal tract. The elevated antibodies were not found to be anti-Dolosigranulum pigrum but their presence may be suggestive of bacterial products leaking from the nasal tract into the central nervous system. Further research into bacteria in the nasal tract is indicated. Introduction of markers into the nasal passages with subsequent tracking into the central nervous system by magnetic resonance imaging could provide evidence of a route by which bacterial molecules enter the central nervous system „behind‟ the blood brain barrier.

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