Thèses sur le sujet « Dynamique des colonies »
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Sammoud, Aouf Olfa. « Appariement de graphes & ; [et] optimisation dynamique par colonies de fourmis ». Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10062.
Texte intégralThe thesis addresses the problematic of comparing objects and similarity measuring. If objects are described by graphs, so that measuring objects similarity turns into determining graph similarity, i.e., matching graph vertices to identify their common features and their differences. Different classes of graph matching have been proposed going on the most restrictive ones to the most general. In restrictive graph matching (graph or sub-graph isomorphism), the objective is to show graph equivalence or inclusion, a vertex in a graph may be matched with one vertex at most on the other graph. In general graph matching (multivalent matching), the goal is not yet to find an “exact” matching (a matching which preserves all vertices and edges), but to look for a “best” matching (a matching which preserves a maximum number of vertices and edges), a vertex in one graph may be matched with a set of vertices in the other graph. In our work, we consider the problem of searching the best multivalent matching which is a NP-hard optimization problem. More precisely, we propose to investigate the ability if the ant colony optimization meta-heuristic (ACO). Two cases are considered in our study: the static case where the problem remains invariant through time and the dynamic case where graphs to compare constrained to satisfy and the criterions defining matching quality may change over the time, so that solutions must be dynamically adapted to the changes. A first goal of this thesis is to propose a generic ACO algorithm for solving graph matching problems. Different key points, like the pheromonal strategy to be used, the heuristic factor and the use of a local search procedure, are studied. A second goal of this work is to propose a generic ACO algorithm for solving dynamic optimization problems. The proposed algorithm will be applied and experimentally studied on three different dynamic problems: graph matching problem, multi-dimensional knapsack problem and the travelling salesman problem
Tangour, Toumi Fatma. « Ordonnancement dynamique dans les industries agroalimentaires ». Villeneuve-d'Ascq, Ecole centrale de Lille et École nationale d'ingénieurs de Tunis, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ECLI0008.
Texte intégralOur work concerns the optimization problems resolution in scheduling production workshops, and more particularly those relating to dynamic scheduling in agroalimentary industries. The constraints and the criteria considered are specific to this type of industry which presents certain characteristics, due to the nature of the handled and manufactured products, of which rather short lifespan. They relate to also the respect of the validity dates of the primary components forming the operations, the semi-finished products and the finished products. The criteria selected are also related to these characteristics. One distinguished the cost of the out-of-date products, the cost of the discount of distribution and the completion time of scheduling, the makespan. An exact method and two approximate methods were adopted and implemented, successfully, for the one machine problems. The exact method, branch & bound, are applied for minimization of the total cost function. The genetic algorithms, equipped with a new coding and hydrides with the Pareto-optimal approach, are proposed for the search for the optimal solution and to help the decision maker to make a decision. The ant colony optimization algorithms, constituting the second approached method, is a stochastic process which, in spite of the difficulty of parameter setting of the algorithm corresponding, us made it possible to build solutions, by adding components to the temporary solutions
Sadoul, Nicolas. « Dynamique spatiale et temporelle des colonies de charadriiformes dans les salins de Camargue : implications pour la conservation ». Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20055.
Texte intégralLaques, Anne-Élisabeth. « Dynamique d'un front pionnier en domaine forestier tropical : le cas de Ticoporo (Piémont des Andes Vénézuéliennes) : contribution de l'imagerie satellitaire à la conception d'une méthode d'aide à l'aménagement ». Toulouse 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU20035.
Texte intégralAn analysis of beginning of the territory of ticoporo pioneer front and its functional mechanisms carried out with double preoccupation : a fundamental research to settle the basis knowledge of this region, and an applied research by using to complete this acquirement for an aid to management decision. For this study, the methodological approach called "acord" has been developped. This process is based on integrating the spot satellite image processing and the geosystem issued from the geographical application. The first step of this method allows us to understand the country in a territorial - and - historical way, and then to produce the scenarios of historical revolutiion and a diagnosis of territory in 1989 (map 1 125. 000). The second step processes these knowledges to produce three documents supporting to make a decision : the model of ticoporo allows to organize, synthesize and localize the ecological and socio-economical mechanisms ; the map of the sensitive areas delimiting the sectors subjected to deforestation and fire ; and finally three prospective scenarios are proposed
Goeh-Akué, N'buéké Adovi. « Finances publiques et dynamique sociale en Afrique Noire sous influence française : le cas du Togo (1920-1980) ». Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070109.
Texte intégralFrancesiaz, Charlotte. « Sélection d'habitat et dynamique spatio-temporelle des colonies chez deux espèces de laridés : la mouette rieuse et le goéland railleur ». Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT129/document.
Texte intégralPopulation dynamics addresses the processes that underpin the spatio-temporal fluctuations of organism counts. My PhD dissertation aims at characterizing the connections between three organization levels in colonial bird populations, the individual, the colony, and the meta-colony, and at investigating the influence of the physical and social environments on this organization. To this aim, I focused on two colonial larid species that exhibit contrasted population dynamics: the black headed gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus, and the slender-billed gull, Chroicocephalus genei. I first described the population dynamics of french slender-billed gull colonies, which are currently spreading along the Mediterranean coast. In spite of this expansion, individuals born in France return to their natal area to breed, but their age and sex modulate their recruitment and dispersal behaviours. I added-up to this first results by showing that nestling body condition, a major factor for recruitment, is affected by colony size, arrival date and parental foraging strategy. I further showed that slender-billed gulls gather into social groups whose stability is modulated by colony breeding success. The strength of inter-individual relationships within a colony is thus modulated by its intrinsic properties and its environmental context. Furthermore, I showed that, in black-headed gulls, colony persistance varies with local breeding success while colonization of new sites is mainly related to breeding success in neighbouring colonies. I conclude overall that the multiple organization levels of colonial bird populations, from the individual to the meta-colony, should be studied within integrative frameworks that represent novel conceptual, methodological and technical challenges at the crossroad between population dynamics and the study of social networks
Anafak, Lemofak Antoine Japhet. « La Belgique et l'Afrique centrale, diversification ou néocolonialisme ? dynamique de la politique de coopération belge au Cameroun et dans ses anciennes colonies, 1960-1990 ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210145.
Texte intégralCette thèse insiste sur les éléments de mise en place et les fondements de la politique étrangère de la Belgique en Afrique centrale. Elle analyse sa présence depuis la colonisation du Congo, du Ruanda-Urundi et développe le processus de mutation de la Belgique dans la sous-région à la faveur des indépendances. Cette accession à la souveraineté des territoires leur attribuait le statut d’acteur de la communauté internationale. L’adaptation de la Belgique à cette nouvelle donne l’oblige à étendre son espace de captation d’intérêts par l’établissement des relations diplomatiques avec de nombreux pays de la région parmi lesquels le Cameroun. Le choix du Cameroun comme pays d'appui à la politique belge dans la région en dehors de ses colonies est le fait de nombreuses justifications que cette thèse démontre.
Ce travail insiste sur les rapports politiques entre le Cameroun et la Belgique notamment les éléments expliquant la coopération diplomatique et politique entre le Cameroun et la Belgique. Celle-ci était basée sur un soutien mutuel dans la lutte contre les mouvements rebelles procommunistes au Cameroun et au Congo dans les années 60. Cet ouvrage développe l'organisation de l’action conjointe de la Belgique et du Cameroun dans la lutte contre le communisme en Afrique centrale principalement au Congo en période de guerre froide, les éléments prouvant le soutien de la Belgique au Cameroun dans sa lutte contre les activistes nationalistes de l’UPC et réciproquement, les actions montrant la collaboration et la compréhension du Cameroun envers la Belgique dans la gestion des conflits d’après indépendance au Congo, au Rwanda et au Burundi.
De plus, cette thèse évoque la dynamique de la politique étrangère de la Belgique à partir de 1965 dans la région. Dans cette section marquée par l’arrivée de Mobutu au pouvoir et le coup d’Etat de Micombero au Burundi, ce travail détaille les éléments qui justifient le renforcement des relations politiques entre le Cameroun et la Belgique après 1965 par l’analyse du contexte national et international de mise en place de cette politique après 1967. Un contexte marqué par la réélection d’Ahmadou Ahidjo et le renforcement de son pouvoir et le départ du socialiste Paul-Henri Spaak, remplacé par le démocrate-chrétien Pierre Harmel. Ce dernier instaure une nouvelle politique dite de diversification et de distanciation envers le régime de Mobutu. Le constat est que cette diversification a profité au Cameroun, devenu progressivement un partenaire privilégié de la Belgique dans la région après la visite officielle d’Ahidjo de 1967 à Bruxelles.
Ce travail analyse les rapports qu’entretenaient la Belgique et le Cameroun dans les organisations internationales en rapport avec la situation interne de son pré-carré d’Afrique centrale, notamment les circonstances du soutien de la candidature du Zaïre à l’entrée dans l’Union Douanière et Economique d’Afrique Centrale (UDEAC) et plus tard dans la création de l’Union Economique d’Afrique Centrale (UEAC) en 1969. Le soutien mutuel des candidatures belges et camerounaises dans les instances internationales à partir des années septante, les incidences de l’entrée du Royaume-Uni de Grande Bretagne et l’Irlande du Nord au sein de la Communauté Economique Européenne (la convention de Lomé I) sur la politique étrangère belge menée par Renaat Van Elslande, les implications de la zaïrianisation sur les relations belgo-zaïroises, l’arrivée au pouvoir de Juvénal Habyarimana au Rwanda et la renégociation des accords d’indépendance entre le Cameroun et la France. La Belgique et ces pays souhaitaient une approche plus consensuelle des grandes questions internationales, notamment le nouvel ordre économique international, le conflit du proche orient, la question de la décolonisation des territoires portugais d’Afrique centrale, la généralisation des conflits armés et des assassinats politiques.
La présence militaire belge en Afrique centrale est un fait colonial. Un rappel nécessaire de cette présence militaire depuis la période coloniale nous a permis de nous interroger sur la gestion difficile du devenir de ces soldats après les indépendances du Congo, du Rwanda et du Burundi, notamment pendant la crise Katangaise. Ces difficultés rencontrées au Congo poussent la Belgique à trouver des dérivatifs pour se désengager militairement au Ruanda-Urundi après l’indépendance en 1962. La visite officielle de juin 1967 d’Ahmadou Ahidjo en Belgique marque le début d’une intense coopération militaire entre la Belgique et le Cameroun. Les deux pays coopèrent pour la livraison du matériel de guerre par la Fabrique d’Herstal à Liège, et dans la formation les officiers camerounais en Belgique. Plusieurs facteurs justifiant cette coopération avec le Cameroun sont énumérés dans cette thèse. De plus, ce travail retrace l’implication de la Belgique dans les guerres du Shaba et ses initiatives en faveur d’une paix globale dans la région autour les années 80.
Le troisième grand axe de cette thèse développe la présence de la Belgique en Afrique centrale dans le cadre de la Communauté Economique Européenne. Après avoir expliqué l'historique et l'évolution du FED, nous avons exploré le poids de la présence belge au sein du Fond Européen de Développement par rapport à la France et les autres Etats de la CEE pour constater sa faiblesse dans cette institution contrôlée par la France l’Allemagne. Ce qui justifie son choix de renforcer la coopération bilatérale dans la région. Enfin, ce thèse insiste sur ces relations économiques bilatérales de la Belgique en Afrique centrale, principalement au Cameroun en comparaison avec les anciennes colonies pour voir l'influence de la Belgique au Cameroun, au Congo, au Rwanda et au Burundi depuis les indépendances jusqu'aux années nonante.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Minaud, Étienne. « Écologie hivernale des abeilles mellifères : contribution des traits d'histoire de vie des individus et des colonies au succès d'hivernation ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB024.
Texte intégralIn temperate regions, low temperatures and a lack of floral resources make winter a critical period for the survival of honey bees, Apis mellifera, which overwinter based on a set of adaptations at both individual and colony levels. But over the past 30 years, high winter mortality rates have been reported worldwide, raising questions about the sustainability of the beekeeping sector and that of many agricultural systems dependent on pollination services. These mortalities are induced by multiple biotic and abiotic stress factors acting in combination. However, we showed through a literature review that their roles in the mechanisms of colony collapse remain poorly documented, highlighting a lack of knowledge about the winter ecology of honey bees. This gap is partly due to the technical challenge associated with monitoring honey bees in winter, given that traditional monitoring techniques imply opening the hives, which disrupts the social thermoregulation of the colony. However, the democratization of "Information and Communications Technology" (ICT) now offers new automated and minimally invasive monitoring tools. In this context, the aim of this thesis is to better understand the mechanisms determining the success or failure of honey bee overwintering, through the automated monitoring of individual and colony life history traits. In addition, we aimed to develop indicators to predict colony collapse in winter and under real field conditions. We first developed a tool for measuring temperature at several points in the hive and allowing to monitor the cluster that honey bees form to protect themselves from the cold, and thus to study the social thermoregulation of colonies during winter. This tool was then deployed in the field to monitor honey bee colonies located along a European climatic gradient, covering Mediterranean, oceanic and continental climates. This monitoring provided the establishment of health indicators of wintering colonies. Based on temperature heterogeneity within the colony, these indicators distinguish the periods of winter survival and the periods of collapse, allowing the anticipation of mortalities. They also allow monitoring of the dynamics of winter brood production by measuring its presence and size, two metrics that we found positively correlated to the European climatic gradient. In winter, colony survival depends on the presence of winter bees, corresponding to the last generations of bees to emerge in autumn. By the individual monitoring by Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) tracking, we showed that, in addition to their extended longevity, winter bees have more flight activity than summer bees. Their flight activity can be allocated either before or after winter, and our results suggest that these pre-winter flight activities do not affect the longevity or the flight activity performance of bees after winter. Also, we showed that only a small proportion of winter bees survive and participate in the colony flight activity in spring, suggesting a crucial role of these winter bees for the colony rebound after winter. Placed in context, our results support the crucial role of winter bees and social thermoregulation in the success or failure of honey bee colony overwintering. The electronic tools we have developed, and the associated indicators, may represent relevant applied perspectives for limiting winter colony mortality in the field. We also discuss the acceptability of precision beekeeping and show that beekeepers are ready to adopt these electronic tools, although further expectations remain. Finally, we highlight the uncertainty surrounding the future of overwintering, in the face of climate change
Michaud, Caroline. « Dynamique des symbioses mutualistes hôtes-microbiotes : mode et efficacité de transmission des symbiotes dans les populations du termite xylophage Reticulitermes grassei ». Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR4027.
Texte intégralMany animals including humans live in symbiotic interaction with gut microorganisms contributing to essential functions (nutrition, immunity). The ‘vertical’ way of transmission of symbionts (i.e., from parents to offspring) must stabilise these symbioses, notably by strengthening partner fidelity. However, the efficiency of vertical transmission has rarely been studied, especially in the case where hosts harbour a complex microbial community (or ‘microbiota’) composed by many microbial taxa interacting between them and with the host.The objective of this work was to study the mode and efficiency of transmission of gut microorganisms (protists and bacteria) helping the wood-feeding termite Reticulitermes grassei to digest ingested wood (lignocellulose fibres). Our results revealed contrasted situations between microorganisms. While protists are efficiently vertically transmitted, the majority of bacterial taxa is not only vertically transmitted but seems to be acquired by the environment
GIORGIUTTI, FREDERIQUE, et J. WESFREID. « Dynamique d'une allee de colonnes liquides ». Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066094.
Texte intégralCreff, Yann. « La dynamique et la commande de colonnes multicomposées ». Paris, ENMP, 1992. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00838254.
Texte intégralCreff, Yann. « Sur la dynamique et la commande des colonnes multicomposées ». Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1992. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00838254.
Texte intégralWu, Jia. « Utilisation de la conduite coopérative pour la régulation de trafic dans une intersection ». Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00703165.
Texte intégralMichel, Basile. « Les quartiers créatifs : une dynamique de club : analyse croisée des quartiers des Olivettes (Nantes), du Panier (Marseille) et Berriat (Grenoble) ». Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0017/document.
Texte intégralFor twenty years, cultural and creative activities (art,architecture, etc.) have been promoted by public authorities and scientists for their cultural, economic,social and urban roles. Their spatial agglomeration informer industrial districts implies multiple issues on these territories. Planned by political decision-makers or resulting from spontaneous dynamics, this agglomeration transforms industrial wasteland into creative quarters.Clusters that link creative workers in collaborative social networks are embedded in these quarters. These social networks are characterized by cooperation and a senseof togetherness.This thesis aims to question the functioning and the stakes of creative quarters by confirming the hypothesis of the establishment of a creative workers’ club within these territories. The club is defined as a voluntary grouping of individuals around the exclusive enjoymen tof goods and services. It carries both collective dynamics of sharing and logics of exclusion and segregation.Questioning its existence in creative quarters induces a reflection on social cohesion and fragmentation on the one hand, and creativity and innovation on the other one. Based on a qualitative analysis of three creative quarters in the cities of Nantes, Marseille and Grenoble, this thesis illustrates how clubs of creative workers are formed in these territories, how they work and what their social and economic impacts are
Rouchon, Pierre. « Simulation dynamique et commande non linéaire des colonnes à distiller ». Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1990. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00838242.
Texte intégralRouchon, Pierre. « Simulation dynamique et commande non lineaire des colonnes a distiller ». Paris, ENMP, 1990. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00838242.
Texte intégralReal, Fabio. « Modeling and experimental identification of torsional drill string dynamics under uncertainties ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1095/document.
Texte intégralThis D.Sc. thesis proposes new perspectives for modeling drill string torsional dynamics under uncertainties. This work develops a novel stochastic hysteretic (nonreversible) bit-rock interaction model. Firstly, a new nominal interaction model, which depends not only on the bit speed, but also on the bit acceleration is developed. Then, a new stochastic model for the bit-rock interaction, taking into account the inherent fluctuations during the drilling, is also proposed. Furthermore, here a new test-rig is proposed to analyze drill string dynamics and bit-rock interaction, which is able to reproduce stick-slip phenomena while drilling a rock sample using standard masonry bits, as well as to validate bit-rock interaction models. An original strategy for modeling uncertainties globally, based on terms of the nonparametric probabilistic approach, considering a simple torsional model for a drill string, is also proposed herein. This strategy allows to control the dispersion level of each interior and interface DOFs of each drill string substructure independently, which can provide more information to improve the operational safety
Baverez-Puech, Aline. « Assimilation variationnelle et impact dynamique des colonnes d'ozone observées par l'instrument HIRS ». Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30167.
Texte intégralTotal ozone columns variability depends on the flux in the lower stratosphere. Total ozone observations measured by the HIRS sounder have been assimilated with the four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) assimilation system of the ARPEGE meteorological model, in order to assess the possible impact of these data upon numerical weather prediction. First, some Observing-System Simulation Experiments have confirmed in an idealized context the potential interest of ozone column measurements. In order to assimilate real data, an analysis of the ozone field has been introduced in the 4D-Var system. Some Observing-System Experiments have then shown that assimilating ozone columns, ARPEGE provides total ozone fields of good quality. However, the impact on meteorological forecasts is generally neutral ; the origin of this result seems to be related to the insufficient quality of ozone observations and of the ozone forecast model
Tangour, Fatma. « Ordonnancement dynamique dans les industries agroalimentaires ». Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00174051.
Texte intégralLes contraintes et les critères considérés sont spécifiques à ce type d'industrie qui présente certaines particularités, dues à la nature des produits manipulés et fabriqués, dont les durées de vie assez courtes. Ils concernent aussi le respect des dates de validité des composants primaires formant les opérations, des produits semi-finis et des produits finis. Les critères retenus sont aussi liés à ces particularités. On a distingué le coût des produits périmés, le coût du discount de distribution et la date de fin de l'ordonnancement, le makespan. Une méthode exacte et deux méthodes approchées ont été retenues et mises en œuvre, avec succès, pour les problèmes à une machine.
La méthode exacte, branch & bound, est appliquée pour la minimisation de la fonction de coût total. Les algorithmes génétiques, dotés d'un nouveau codage et hybridés avec l'approche Pareto-optimale, sont proposés pour la recherche de la solution optimale et pour aider le décideur de prendre une décision. Les algorithmes d'optimisation par colonie de fourmis, constituant la deuxième méthode approchée, est un processus stochastique qui, malgré la difficulté de paramétrage de l'algorithme correspondant, nous a permis de construire des solutions, en ajoutant des composants aux solutions temporaires.
Fevrier, Laureline Moszkowicz Pierre. « Transfert d'un mélange Zn-Cd-Pb dans un dépôt fluvio-glaciaire carbonate approche en colonnes de laboratoire / ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://csidoc.insa-lyon.fr/these/2001/fevrier/index.html.
Texte intégralSalimi, Fariba. « Approche comparative de la simulation dynamique des colonnes de distillation à plateaux et à garnissage ». Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0474.
Texte intégralFargues, Jean-Pierre. « Modélisation dynamique des risers pétroliers en grands déplacements ». Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECAP0411.
Texte intégralLandry, David. « Dynamique du transfert vertical d'herbicides en sols viticoles calcaires : approche à l'aide de colonnes de sol ». Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOS024.
Texte intégralFevrier, Laureline. « Transfert d'un mélange Zn-Cd-Pb dans un dépôt fluvio-glaciaire carbonate : approche en colonnes de laboratoire ». Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2001ISAL0071/these.pdf.
Texte intégralThe use of stormwater infiltration basins in urban area can generate a risk of contamination for soils and groundwater. The aim of this work is ta increase the knowledge of the hydraulic and the chemical mechanisms implied in the transfer of pollutants. The porous matrix studied is a carbonated fluvio-glacial deposit usually found in the infiltration basins of the Lyon area. Some columns were designed at the laboratory scale, with the fluvio-glacial deposit sieved at 1 cm. The pollution studied was a mixture of Zn-Cd-Pb - 1 o•3 mol. -1. Some flow tracer. Experiments coupled with modeling (MIM model) were used to characterize the hydrodynamic behaviour of the columns, as a function of water content and flow rate. At saturation, the flow is divided in mobile (50 %) and immobile regions whereas for unsaturated conditions, the flow is more homogeneous. This property seems to be a consequence of the particle size distribution of the fluvio-glacial deposit. The interactions between the metals and the fluvio-glacial deposit were studied thanks to batch and transfer experiments, coupled with modeling (PHREEQC model). From a qualitative point of view, the main reactions are the dissolution of the fluvio-glacial deposit's calcite, the metals precipitation in a carbonated form (cerusite and hydrocerussite for Pb, an unknown mixed specie for Cd and Zn) and the cationic exchange reactions. During the transfer, the metals retention is governed by the chemical kinetic dissolution of the calcite and by the physical kinetic exchange between the mobile and the immobile regions. The retention is maximized for transfer in unsaturated conditions and law flow rates
Touati, Nora. « Amélioration des performances du schéma de la génération de colonnes : application aux problèmes de tournées de véhicules ». Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA132032.
Texte intégralColumgeneration algorithms are instrumental in many areas of applied optimization where linear programs with an enormous number of variables need to be solued. Although success fully used in many applications, this method suffers from well-known "instability" issues, that somewhat limit its efficiency. This work focuses on accelerating strategies in a column generation algorithm. We propose some diversifiication methods in order to decrease the total number of generated columns and then master problems resolution time. We interest also to solving efficiently the pricing problems, by proposing an improning approch based on reoptimization principle and a new variant of the dynamic programming algorithm. The effectiveness of these approches is validated on vehicule routing problem with time windows
Cazier, Thibaut. « Rôle des Procaryotes dans la dynamique du nitrite dans la Seine ». Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066706/document.
Texte intégralNitrite is an intermediate in many microbial pathways of the nitrogen cycle, but is also toxic for most form of aquatic life. It is toxic at a cellular level for microorganisms, and for the respiration of complex organisms. In general the elimination of this compound is assumed to be fast in the environment, and the microorganisms responsible efficient. In the Seine River however, nitrite concentrations exceed the European norm of 1 µM between Paris and the estuary. The nitrite is released in the Seine River downstream of Paris by the waste water treatment plants (WWTP) despite the addition of nitrogen removal treatments (nitrification and denitrification). In addition to its content chemical compounds and organic matter, the WWTP outlets also contain microorganisms which can colonize the environment downstream. In the water column, measurements of nitrification kinetics showed that nitrite oxidizers had a higher potential activity than ammonia oxidizers. Quantification of nitrifiers by qPCR showed that nitrite oxidizers, Nitrobacter in the environment and Nitrospira in the WWTP outlets were more abundant than ammonia oxidizers. Despite these facts, in situ nitrite oxidation rates were similar to ammonia oxidation rates in the Seine River, even if both were higher downstream of the WWTP. This balance between nitrite production (ammonia oxidation) and elimination (nitrite oxidation) results in a very slow elimination of nitrite in the water column. This led to hypothesize that low nitrite oxidizing’s efficiency was caused by either inhibition by pollutants in the Seine River, or use a mixotrophic metabolism by nitrite oxidizers. In addition to the significant impact on nitrite concentration in the water column, the WWTP were shown to have a significant impact on the composition and distribution of the microorganisms present in the sediment. The microbial communities of the sediment were shown to be highly modified by the WWTP outlets, and were heavily colonized by the Nitrospira genera. The study of the sediment showed that this compartment of the Seine River was a source of nitrite for the water column, even though the rates of production were not significant in relation to the concentrations of nitrite. The nitrite was produced in the anoxic zone upstream of the WWTP (3-4 cm) when it was produced near the surface downstream of the WWTP (0-1 cm). As a consequence, the sediment appears to be more sensitive to the impact of the WWTP than the water column. As a whole the nitrogen cycle in the Seine River was observed to have a very limited impact on the nitrite concentration in the Seine River as its different steps are balanced. This could be viewed as the fact that this nitrite pollution is low enough to not unbalance the nitrogen cycle of the Seine River in a measurable way
Riquelme-Diaz, Alberto. « Bubble size distribution measurement, modeling and control in a laboratory flotation column ». Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25480.
Texte intégralMoussaoui, Ahcène. « Commande prédictive d'une colonne d'extraction par solvant : modélisation dynamique et validation expérimentale sur une colonne pulsée pilote ». Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT037G.
Texte intégralBossanne, Denis. « Commandes et observateurs non linéaires de colonnes à distiller ». Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES023.
Texte intégralVilleneuve, Christian. « Étude exploratoire des patrons d'activation des muscles du tronc lors de conditions quasi-statiques et dynamiques de chargement externe ». Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1997.
Trouver le texte intégralCazier, Thibaut. « Rôle des Procaryotes dans la dynamique du nitrite dans la Seine ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2015PA066706.pdf.
Texte intégralNitrite is an intermediate in many microbial pathways of the nitrogen cycle, but is also toxic for most form of aquatic life. It is toxic at a cellular level for microorganisms, and for the respiration of complex organisms. In general the elimination of this compound is assumed to be fast in the environment, and the microorganisms responsible efficient. In the Seine River however, nitrite concentrations exceed the European norm of 1 µM between Paris and the estuary. The nitrite is released in the Seine River downstream of Paris by the waste water treatment plants (WWTP) despite the addition of nitrogen removal treatments (nitrification and denitrification). In addition to its content chemical compounds and organic matter, the WWTP outlets also contain microorganisms which can colonize the environment downstream. In the water column, measurements of nitrification kinetics showed that nitrite oxidizers had a higher potential activity than ammonia oxidizers. Quantification of nitrifiers by qPCR showed that nitrite oxidizers, Nitrobacter in the environment and Nitrospira in the WWTP outlets were more abundant than ammonia oxidizers. Despite these facts, in situ nitrite oxidation rates were similar to ammonia oxidation rates in the Seine River, even if both were higher downstream of the WWTP. This balance between nitrite production (ammonia oxidation) and elimination (nitrite oxidation) results in a very slow elimination of nitrite in the water column. This led to hypothesize that low nitrite oxidizing’s efficiency was caused by either inhibition by pollutants in the Seine River, or use a mixotrophic metabolism by nitrite oxidizers. In addition to the significant impact on nitrite concentration in the water column, the WWTP were shown to have a significant impact on the composition and distribution of the microorganisms present in the sediment. The microbial communities of the sediment were shown to be highly modified by the WWTP outlets, and were heavily colonized by the Nitrospira genera. The study of the sediment showed that this compartment of the Seine River was a source of nitrite for the water column, even though the rates of production were not significant in relation to the concentrations of nitrite. The nitrite was produced in the anoxic zone upstream of the WWTP (3-4 cm) when it was produced near the surface downstream of the WWTP (0-1 cm). As a consequence, the sediment appears to be more sensitive to the impact of the WWTP than the water column. As a whole the nitrogen cycle in the Seine River was observed to have a very limited impact on the nitrite concentration in the Seine River as its different steps are balanced. This could be viewed as the fact that this nitrite pollution is low enough to not unbalance the nitrogen cycle of the Seine River in a measurable way
Frank, Xavier. « Approche multiéchelle de la dynamique des bulles en fluide non newtonien ». Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPL099N.
Texte intégralThe hydrodynamics in a bubble column with non Newtonian fluids is a very complex problem. It is so even when the study is restricted to the case of a single bubble chain. Fluid's memory of long range, that governs bubbles' interactions and coalescences, leads usually to chaotic dynamics. A multiscale modelling approach has been realised to reach a convenient description of the complex system and to predict its global properties. Three different scales were considered: microscale, mesoscale and macroscale. Modelling results obtained at a scale are used as input to build the model of higher scale. Ln such a way, Lattice Boltzmann (LB) simulation allows the computation of flow field, bubble shape and viscoelastic stress field, all in good agreement with experiments. A mesoscale model that takes into account the relationship between the bubble rise velocity and local stress encountered by the bubble is deduced from the LB approach. Finally, the cognitive model, that stems from the mesoscale results, gives the prediction of several macroscale properties in function of the column height: bubble number, bubble class distribution, route to chaos and mean bubble diameter. This pluridisciplinary theoretical modelling compares successfully with experimental data
Aoun, Nabli Mohamed Seghaïer. « Simulation numérique de l'hydrodynamique et du mélange axial dans les colonnes d'extraction pulsées à garnissage disques-couronnes ». Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT002G.
Texte intégralToutain, Jean. « Approche maxwell-stefan couplée à un modèle de population de gouttes pour la simulation dynamique d'une colonne pulsée d'extraction liquide-liquide ». Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT023G.
Texte intégralHebrard, Gilles. « Etude de l'influence du distributeur de gaz sur l'hydrodynamique et le transfert de matière gaz-liquide des colonnes à bulles ». Toulouse, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAT0036.
Texte intégralFourati, Manel. « Modélisation par une approche à deux fluides des écoulements gaz liquide à contre-courant dans les colonnes à garnissages ». Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0125/document.
Texte intégralThis work is done within the framework of collaboration between IFPEN and l’Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse (IMFT). It takes place in the general context of optimization of industrial gas‐liquid packed columns dedicated to CO2 capture using multi‐scale simulation approach of hydrodynamics and transfer. The main objective of this study is to develop predictive model for liquid dispersion in two‐phase flows in packed beds operating in the counter‐current mode. This model will help simulate the flow at the macro‐scale of a packed column. Packed columns are widely used for gas/liquid absorption processes since they generate subsequent exchange surface between phases with limited pressure drop. In the particular case of amine process, the two‐phase flow in the packing consists in thin trickling liquid films sheared by counter‐current gas flow that circulates in communicating tortuous channels. It is widely recognized that homogeneous flow ensures good separation performances. This is far from being the case at industrial scale since maldistributions, especially for liquid phase, do occur even with optimized liquid and gas distributors in the column inlets. Liquid distribution results from “dispersion” phenomenon which modelling is not fully handled in literature. Prediction of liquid dispersion has been the main objective of this Ph.D. research. This study is based upon two main approaches: an experimental study carried out using a 40 cm in diameter column operating in IFPEN (Lyon) and a numerical study carried out in Interface team in IMFT. The first part of this research focused on measuring spatial distribution of liquid hold‐up over different sections of the packed bed using a gamma ray tomography system. In order to focus into liquid dispersion phenomenon, a point source liquid feeding configuration was considered. Hold‐up maps obtained from photonic flux attenuation measurements were then used to characterize liquid dispersion from a source point for both packings (Mellapak 250.X and IMTP. 40) using a relatively simple advection‐diffusion model
Zlitni, Mouna. « Colonies anglaises et terres indiennes : dynamiques et enjeux de la cohabitation entre Indiens et Puritains dans le sud de la Nouvelle Angleterre au XVIIe siecle ». Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040154.
Texte intégralThe question of land property, use and transfer between the Indians of southern New England and the Puritans who settled among them has been the subject of a large literature and has always been a highly controversial issue. Giving the fact that this issue has always been referred to as a dispossession, we thought it interesting to go beyond this traditional perspective. Indeed, we propose to show that this movement of land transfer can be considered as a legal and just land transaction and that it was equitable to both parties. We also aim at presenting another image of the Indian; an image different from the one depicting him as a submitted Indian and a victim of colonial invasion and cultural assault. Our study is based on an ethnohistorical analysis of the land deeds that took place between the Indians and the English colonists in southern New England between 1620 and 1676
Perrin, Sophie. « Méthodes transitoires de caractérisation des écoulements et du transfert de masse dans une colonne à garnissage à l'aide de traceurs ». Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10094.
Texte intégralChaumat, Hélène. « Hydrodynamique locale et globale d'une colonne à bulles en conditions industrielles ». Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPT017G.
Texte intégralIn order to extend the present knowledge of gas-liquid contactor to industrial applications, this study deals with global and local characterization of the complex flow encountered in bubble colurnn working with solvents, at high flow rates and with partition plates. The measurement of local hydrodynamic needs first the elaboration and the validation of a methodology which allows the use of an optical bi-probe in complex flows. The related experimental study provides on the first hand data on axial and radial evolutions of local characteristics in solvent (gas hold-up, velocity and diameter) and on the other hand effects of media, liquid throughput and partition plates. As the knowledge of gas-liquid dispersion isn’t sufficient to anticipate the efficiency of an industrial reactor, the gas-liquid mass transfer is estimated. For this purpose, an original approach, based on a steady state study of nitrogen desorption with carbon dioxide, is proposed
Richard, Olivier. « Régulation court terme du trafic aérien et optimisation combinatoire : application de la méthode de génération de colonnes ». Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00580414.
Texte intégralGérard, Matthieu. « Heuristiques basées sur la génération de colonnes pour un problème de planification du personnel ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10186.
Texte intégralThe thesis provides a practical and theoretical brick for developing a generic software tool for producing automated and optimized schedules of a multi-skill employees team with a first application in retail. We provide a mathematical formulation of a rich staff scheduling problem in which planning rules (start, duration, end, amount, etc.) that must be respected are applied on different time granularity (15 minutes period, timeslot, day-shift, week, month, year). Two variants of the problem with different planning horizons have been considered: the first one with one week and the second one with one year planning horizon. Several methods from Operations Research have been adapted to solve the problem. We propose heuristics based on the column generation approach where the pricing problem is solved using a dedicated nested dynamic programming algorithm. The experiments were performed both on real-life instances and on random instances derived from real cases. Instances have up to sixty employees and a planning horizon from one week to one year (divided by 15 minutes periods). The tests show that the proposed methods are able to find high-quality team schedules while taking into account the individual characteristics of each employee (skills, availability, working time, etc.) and run with a standard PC (single core, less than 4 GB of RAM) with a reasonable computation time (from several seconds to one hour depending on the instance and the used method)
Brun, Josette. « Le veuvage en Nouvelle-France, genre, dynamique familiale et stratégies de survie dans deux villes coloniales du XVIIIe siècle, Québec et Louisbourg ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ57459.pdf.
Texte intégralLeroy, Pascal. « Etude et quantification des pertes de charge dans les colonnes pulsées à garnissage disques-couronnes ». Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL096N.
Texte intégralGorius, André. « Théorie perturbative de la dynamique de l'adsorption en lit fixe : caractérisation de la cinétique de sorption par la méthode des micro-colonnes, description analytique des fronts ». Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10369.
Texte intégralPrud'homme, Marion. « Evaluation clinique et biomécanique d'un implant de stabilisation dynamique du rachis lombaire ». Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0066/document.
Texte intégralBack pain is one of the first causes of surgical intervention in the world and instrumentation is needed for about 1 patient out of 100 . Fusion is the gold standard for instrumented surgery and consists in fixation of two adjacent vertebra together with pedicular screws and rigid rods. Clinical outcomes of fusion are satisfactory but some cases of adverse events remain such as adjacent segment degeneration sometimes leading to revision surgery. Dynamic stabilization devices have been proposed to tackle this issue with the objective of maintaining motion at the instrumented level and thus limiting the surrounding structure overloading. This work aims at assessing one dynamic stabilization device. We first performed mechanical testing on the device to better understand its functioning and come up with a detailed and validated model. Then a retrospective clinical work has been conducted to lay out the clinical performances of the device and propose a prospective study design to answer clinical and scientific requirements. A biomechanical in-vitro testing campaign has been set up to increase our knowledge about the behaviour of the instrumented spine. This enabled us to validate a finite elements model then used for the study of the influence of several design parameters but also of several choices made during the surgery
Sanchez, Samuel Floréal. « Le long XIXe siècle de Nosy Be et de la baie d’Ampasindava (Nord-Ouest de Madagascar) : dynamiques malgaches et mondialisations dans un comptoir du Sud-Ouest de l’océan Indien ». Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070111.
Texte intégralSince the end of the first millenium, the North Western part of Madagascar has been a contact zone of the Indian Ocean World which was organised by trade with East Africa and North-West India. But the area underwent many changes as it was gradually incorporated in the Atlantic world-economy throughout the 19th century. The French colonial trading post of Nosy Be is a vantage point to analyze how regional networks have been reorganized according to new patterns of integration (trade logistics, economic organisations, diplomatic and aristocratic relationships, cultural changes). These transformations gave birth to littoral, urban and cosmopolitan societies highly connected to both regional and long-distance seascapes. Eventually, the study examines the reactions of the North-Western Malagasy kingdoms when faced with the economic and political changes that occurred at the time of the imperial expansion of Europe from the XVIth to the XXth century
Kennes, Erik. « Fin du cycle post-colonial au Katanga, RD Congo : Rébellions, sécession et leurs mémoires dans la dynamique des articulations entre l'État central et l'autonomie régionale 1960-2007 ». Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26228/26228.pdf.
Texte intégralBrunie, Lionel. « Fusion d'images médicales multimodales : application à l'étude tridimensionnelle dynamique de la colonne vertébrale ». Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10195.
Texte intégralMhadhbi, Takoua. « Dynamique des pesticides au sein d’un écosystème lagunaire (lagune de Bizerte, Tunisie) : identification des sources de contaminations et processus de transformation des contaminants ». Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG040.
Texte intégralThe Bizerte Lagoon watershed is surrounded by intense agricultural activities. The use of phytosanitary products to treat the crops that surround this watershed, causes a deterioration of the lagoon water quality. Monitoring the level of pollution in this ecosystem requires the application of combined approaches. Thus, in this work a survey is carried out to determine the sources of pollution due to agricultural activities and to identify pesticides used by farmers. To verify the presence of the molecules determined during the investigation, a diagnosis of water column pollution is carried out using two sampling techniques: grap sampling and passive sampling (POCIS). Sediments are also threatened by these xenobiotics, thus, a screening was carried out in this matrix. It is relevant to determine the fate of these pollutants once they are present in the aquatic environment. Thus, the study of their photodegradation in the water column was carried out. The degradation of these pollutants can give rise to by-products that are more toxic than the parent molecules. An ecotoxicological approach is developed in this work to determine the toxicity of these products on a model species Ostreococcus tauri
Muthuma, Lydia Waithira. « Political Identity in Nairobi’s Central Business District (CDB) : an æsthetic critique ». Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR30062/document.
Texte intégralThis study looks at how political power has imagined-and-imaged itself in Nairobi’s city centre. It examines how the city’s built environment has transformed ubiquity into place-of-belonging. Built culture is considered as a tool (though not an exclusive one) for forging a relation between society and a given spatial context; a medium for society to ‘personalise’ its space. The focus is iconic buildings sited in the central, public and symbolic space and is further delimited to their architectural style. Political authority, though not singularly responsible for collective identity, has been selected as the point of departure because its contribution is decisive. Therefore, it is as a product of political performance that Nairobi is interrogated. An exploration of possible connotations and nuances of the styles employed to erect its iconic buildings are sketched out. Nairobi’s colonial government used a neo classical style. Kenyatta, the first indigenous president, distanced himself from this neo-classical tradition. His preference was a stylised-African statement. And, in addition to selecting a different style he re-oriented the spatial dynamics in City Square thus re-articulating its identity. For a fuller scrutiny of Nairobi, it is compared to neighbouring Dar es Salaam (the commercial capital of Tanzania). Dar es Salaam features greater variety in architectural styles: Arab-Swahili, European classical with Omani-Arab features and the decorative saracenic compositions. Meanwhile, architectural variety in colonial Nairobi, where the British had over six decades–undisturbed– to craft their image, is bluntly neo-classical. Presented with more (or less) polarised colonial images, the indigenous presidents of Kenya and Tanzania reacted differently. Nairobi’s postcolonial image is overtly ‘african’ perhaps as a response to the equally overt neo classicism of the colonials. Dar es Salaam, on the other hand, is devoid of strident back-and-forth in its stylistic discourses. In conclusion, it appears the more spirited the underlying contest to own a city, the more articulate its spatial image; the more contested a space has been, the more spectacular the image it bears. Nairobi has experienced a more intense ownership contest compared to Dar es Salaam. Intense competition necessitates a decisive architectural style while stylistic pluralism thrives where the contest is less intense. This may not apply to all the cities in Africa but it is the close-up view, the imaged identity in Nairobi’s central space