Articles de revues : « DYADIC AND TRIADIC INTERACTIONS »

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de Mendonça, Júlia Scarano, Vera Sílvia Raad Bussab et Joscha Kärtner. « Interactional Synchrony and Child Gender Differences in Dyadic and Triadic Family Interactions ». Journal of Family Issues 40, n^o 8 (25 février 2019) : 959–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x19832938.

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Based on family systems theory, our objectives were to examine the association between dyadic parent–child interactional synchrony (mother–child and father–child) and triadic mother–father–child interactional synchrony and the effect of the child’s gender on the family interactional synchrony at the child’s third year. Forty-three low-income Brazilian families (mother, father, and child) were observed in free play interaction. Multidimension assessments of the degree of dyadic and triadic interactional synchronies were made (interpersonal distance, visual and body orientation, play involvement, and shared affect). Results indicated that father–child dyadic interaction was more strongly associated with triadic family interaction than mother–child interaction. Furthermore, father–daughter dyads and triads with girls were more attuned than all other family compositions. Taken together, these results expand research in the field and suggest that fathers may have a greater impact on child gender development than previously thought. Our findings also add empirical evidence to the unique contribution of the triadic family context for understanding of parental roles and family dynamics.

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Cleret de Langavant, Laurent, Charlotte Jacquemot, Anne-Catherine Bachoud-Lévi et Emmanuel Dupoux. « The second person in “I”-“you”-“it” triadic interactions ». Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36, n^o 4 (25 juillet 2013) : 416–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x12001860.

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AbstractSecond person social cognition cannot be restricted to dyadic interactions between two persons (the “I” and the “you”). Many instances of social communication are triadic, and involve a third person (the “him/her/it”), which is the object of the interaction. We discuss neuropsychological and brain imaging data showing that triadic interactions involve dedicated brain networks distinct from those of dyadic interactions.

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Mintz, Alex, et Uk Heo. « Triads in International Relations : The Effect of Superpower Aid, Trade, and Arms Transfers on Conflict in the Middle East ». Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 20, n^o 3 (1 août 2014) : 441–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/peps-2014-0019.

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AbstractIn this paper we extend dyadic research on conflict processes in international relations, to the analysis of triadic relationship. Specifically, we argue that although conflict can be explained at the dyadic level of analysis, a triadic analysis can greatly enrich our understanding of the dynamics of conflict and cooperation. We present a theory of triadic relationship and test it with data on the effect of aid and trade of Middle Eastern dyads with major powers (the US, The Soviet Union/Russia, the UK and France) in the post-WWII era using negative binomial regression. The results show the importance of expanding research in International Relations from dyadic to triadic interactions. Robustness tests demonstrate the validity of our analysis.

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Hollenstein, Tom, Nicholas B. Allen et Lisa Sheeber. « Affective patterns in triadic family interactions : Associations with adolescent depression ». Development and Psychopathology 28, n^o 1 (23 mars 2015) : 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579415000309.

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AbstractAffective family processes are associated with the development of depression during adolescence. However, empirical description of these processes is generally based on examining affect at the individual or dyadic level. The purpose of this study was to examine triadic patterns of affect during parent–adolescent interactions in families with or without a depressed adolescent. We used state space grid analysis to characterize the state of all three actors simultaneously. Compared to healthy controls, triads with depressed adolescents displayed a wider range of affect, demonstrated less predictability of triadic affective sequences, spent more time in and returned more quickly to discrepant affective states, and spent less time in and returned more slowly to matched affective states, particularly while engaged in a problem-solving interaction. Furthermore, we identified seven unique triadic states in which triads with depressed adolescents spent significantly more time than triads with healthy controls. The present study enhances understanding of family affective processes related to depression by taking a more systemic approach and revealing triadic patterns that go beyond individual and dyadic analyses.

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Tremblay-Leveau, Hélène, et Jacqueline Nadel. « Young Children's Communication Skills in Triads ». International Journal of Behavioral Development 18, n^o 2 (juin 1995) : 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549501800203.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate children's nonverbal intrusions into an ongoing interaction. The subjects were 60 children, divided into groups of 11, 16, and 23 months of age. Two same-aged peers were observed together with an adult experimenter. Both children and adult behaviours were recorded with two cameras. Coding of behaviours proceeded in four steps in order to sort object oriented and socially directed behaviours specifying their social aim and their temporal organisation. The results show that as early as 11 months, children produce acts directed to one as opposed to two partners. These single and double oriented behaviours are used for initiations as well as for responses. As opposed to dyadic interactions, the temporal contiguity of double oriented behaviours enhancing triadic interactions increased during the second year, and at 23 months children were more likely to select a new referent to introduce a triadic interaction than a dyadic interaction.

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Ferreira, Fabiana Nogueira Holanda, Bernard Cova, Robert Spencer et João F. Proença. « A phase model for solution relationship development : a case study in the aerospace industry ». Journal of Business & ; Industrial Marketing 32, n^o 5 (5 juin 2017) : 625–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-12-2014-0269.

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Purpose The evolution of the business-to-business (BtoB) realm toward solution business calls for a better understanding of how relationships develop over time in such a renewed context. This paper aims to propose a phase model for solution relationship development, considering triadic relationships in complex engineering solutions. Design/methodology/approach To depict how relationships develop in solution business, the authors adopt a qualitative approach which allows to detail the episodes of interactions between the actors. A case study approach in an extreme sector – the aerospace industry – allows highlighting certain key traits. Extending conventional dyadic analysis, this empirical study focuses on the aerospace industry, using a case study approach to analyze relationship developments between a worldwide leading aircraft manufacturer, one of its customer and four providers of products and services. The authors adopt a triadic perspective in the selection of cases, considering a total of four manufacturer-provider-customer triads. Findings Four dynamic phases which track solution provision dynamics and involving dyadic and triadic relationship evolution are identified: matching; combining; mixing; and sharing. Each phase calls, from a management perspective, for specific competencies and resources of the actors in interaction. Originality/value This paper contributes to the gap about solution relationship development in a changing BtoB landscape. Considering the lens of a triadic approach, the paper also helps to fill the as-yet unattended to gap between dyads and triads in the literature.

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de Mendonça, Julia Scarano, Louise Cossette, Francis F. Strayer et France Gravel. « Mother-Child and Father-Child Interactional Synchrony in Dyadic and Triadic Interactions ». Sex Roles 64, n^o 1-2 (14 septembre 2010) : 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-010-9875-2.

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Lin, Zhiwei (CJ), et IpKin Anthony Wong. « Cocreation of the hospitality brand experience : A triadic interaction model ». Journal of Vacation Marketing 26, n^o 4 (15 juin 2020) : 412–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356766720932361.

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Although dyadic interactions among customers have widely been acknowledged to impact customer experience, the interdependence between customers and the service provider may form a symbiotic force that attenuates how an experience is cocreated. This study focuses on triadic interactions among casino patrons by modeling employee-to-customer (E2C) interactions as a boundary condition that may moderate the effect of customer-to-customer interactions (C2C) and customer-to-companion (Cu2Co) interaction quality on brand experience. Data were collected among patrons from 30 casino establishments using a two-step sampling approach. Findings suggest that E2C interaction moderates the relationship between customer interactions and the brand experience, such that the C2C interaction quality effect is more salient under the high E2C interaction condition. Implications for both practice and theory as well as limitations and future directions are further discussed.

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Bard, Kim A. « Dyadic interactions, attachment and the presence of triadic interactions in chimpanzees and humans ». Infant Behavior and Development 48 (août 2017) : 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2016.11.002.

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Gómez, Juan-Carlos. « The ontogeny of triadic cooperative interactions with humans in an infant gorilla ». Interaction Studies 11, n^o 3 (17 novembre 2010) : 353–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.11.3.02gom.

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This paper reports a longitudinal study on the ontogeny of triadic cooperative interactions (involving coordinations of objects and people) in a hand-reared lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) from 6 months to 36 months of age. Using the behavioural categories developed by Hubley and Trevarthen (1979) to characterize the origins of “secondary intersubjectivity” in human babies between 8–12 months of age, I chart the emergence of comparable coordinations of gestures and actions with objects and acts of dyadic communication. The findings show that the categories and concepts of secondary intersubjectivity are applicable to the gorilla, who engages with people in cooperative actions with objects. The ontogeny of triadic interaction in the gorilla was very similar to that described in human infants, but more extended in time and with some peculiarities, such as the absence of pointing and showing gestures, some of whose functions might be taken over by contact gestures which in human infants may appear later in development. The results do not support claims of human uniqueness in the development of cooperative action, but suggest a heterochrony in some aspects of the ontogeny of triadic interactions leading to a divergence between gorilla and human infants within secondary intersubjectivity. Keywords: Triadic communication; secondary intersubjectivity; shared intentionality; cooperation; gorilla

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Murphy, Sarah E., Erin Boyd-Soisson, Deborah B. Jacobvitz et Nancy L. Hazen. « Dyadic and Triadic Family Interactions as Simultaneous Predictors of Children's Externalizing Behaviors ». Family Relations 66, n^o 2 (10 mars 2017) : 346–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fare.12225.

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Valero-Garcés, Carmen. « Doctor–patient consultations in dyadic and triadic exchanges ». Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 7, n^o 2 (9 novembre 2005) : 193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.7.2.04val.

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This article presents the results of a study on doctor–patient interaction in dyadic and triadic exchanges. The analysis is based on transcripts of recordings done at healthcare centres in northern Madrid, Spain, and Minneapolis, USA. The methodological approach is that of institutional discourse analysis as developed by Drew and Heritage (Drew & Heritage 1992; Heritage 1995, 1997; Drew & Sorjonen 1997). Three different types of doctor–patient interaction are examined: (1) doctor/foreign-language patient; (2) doctor/ foreign-language patient/ad hoc interpreter; (3) doctor/ foreign-language patient/trained interpreter. Topics such as the assignment of participant roles, changes in the general structure, turn-taking, and asymmetrical relationships will be explored. The study is mainly descriptive and qualitative, but also includes some comparative quantitative analyses.

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Mollenhorst, Gerald, Marijtje van Duijn, Jens Rydgren et Christofer Edling. « Triadic Closure in Core Networks : Disentangling the Effects of Social Distance, National Origin Similarity and Shared Contexts ». International Review of Social Research 6, n^o 4 (1 octobre 2016) : 146–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2016-0018.

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AbstractAcknowledging that the composition and structure of personal networks is affected by meeting opportunities, social distance, and national origin similarity, we aim to disentangle their association with triadic closure in the core of personal networks. We use data (collected 2009) on the core networks of three groups of Swedes (all born in 1990): native Swedes, and first- and second-generation immigrants from Iran and former Yugoslavia, where the respondent (ego) mentions up to five core network members (alters) and whether each pair of alters (dyad) know each other (triadic closure). A three-level multiple membership logistic regression model is performed, which allows the testing of dyadic alter-alter effects, ego effects, and their interaction (i.e., ‘triadic’ effects) on triadic closure. We show that social distance, national origin similarity, and the sharing of social contexts are all associated with triadic closure in the expected direction, and that the effects of social distance and national origin similarity become smaller if shared social contexts are taken into account. The effects of the sharing of social contexts are the largest and are robust, indicating that shared social contexts are a dominant and more important condition for triadic closure than are similarity on relevant socio-demographic characteristics.

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DEAL, JAMES E., MARGARET STANLEY HAGAN, BRENDA BASS, E. MAVIS HETHERINGTON et GLENN CLINGEMPEEL. « Marital Interaction in Dyadic and Triadic Contexts : Continuities and Discontinuities ». Family Process 38, n^o 1 (mars 1999) : 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1999.00105.x.

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Nikitina, Larisa, Siak Bie Soh et Shu Sim Tam. « Peer Interaction in the L2 Classroom : A Study among Malaysian ESL Learners ». Issues in Language Studies 10, n^o 1 (29 juin 2021) : 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ils.2592.2021.

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Adopting a cognitive-interactionist perspective, this study focused on peer interaction in the L2 classroom. It explored types of peer interaction in terms of Negotiation of Meaning (NoM), Language-related Episodes (LRE) and Uptake of Recast that tend to prevail during task discussions in the L2 classroom. This study also assessed whether task complexity and task condition influenced L2 peer interaction. Thirty-six (N=36) Malaysian university students learning English as a second language participated in this study. The tasks were designed at two levels of cognitive complexity, namely, simple tasks with two causal reasoning demands and complex tasks with six causal reasoning demands. Each participant was involved in peer discussion sessions of simple and complex tasks in dyadic and triadic groupings. The findings revealed that clarification requests during the NoM were the most prominent feature of the peer interaction. A paired sample t-test showed that statistically significant difference was detected between the dyadic and triadic settings for the comprehension check feature (NoM), the incorrectly resolved episodes (LRE) and the unmodified uptake of recast. The article concludes with a discussion of theoretical and pedagogical implications from these findings.

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Winterscheid, Jenny, et Jiyeon Kook. « Rhetorische Ausgestaltung von Äußerungsreparaturen in der Arzt-Patient- Interaktion ». Rhetorik 37, n^o 1 (1 novembre 2018) : 134–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rhet.2018.008.

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Abstract Doctor-patient communication is a condensed and solution-oriented interaction. Repairs of what is said and what isn‘t processed properly are especially in these - usually very short - interactions important to get to a common level of knowledge. This is not only crucial for the implementation of the common and targeted interaction, but also for a successful therapy following it. In addition, in some cases repairs are extremely delicate. In this article we will discuss which rhetorical devices the participants use for repair and how these repairs are processed. Not only rhetorical devices differ, but also processing of the repairs in individual interactions. Data are based on various corpora of medical communication with dyadic and triadic structure of general practitioners, internists, urologists and pediatricians from Germany and Korea.

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Voorhoeve, Jacob N., et Floor C. A. van Putte. « `Parallel Process' in Supervision when Working with Psychotic Patients ». Group Analysis 27, n^o 4 (décembre 1994) : 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0533316494274011.

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Supervision can be used to place the dyadic patient-therapist relationship in a new perspective by the creation of a more reality-tested, triadic relationship. This article deals in particular with the way in which facilitator or therapist interaction with seriously ill psychiatric patients is heavily influenced by dyadic processes related to early development. A third party is needed to free therapists from this dyadic/symbiotic bond, a party that can add an element of reality-testing. The `parallel process' is discussed as an important aid in the practice of supervision.

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Glatz, Terese, Melissa Lippold, Todd M. Jensen, Gregory M. Fosco et Mark E. Feinberg. « Hostile Interactions in the Family : Patterns and Links to Youth Externalizing Problems ». Journal of Early Adolescence 40, n^o 1 (23 janvier 2019) : 56–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431618824718.

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In line with family systems theory, we examined patterns of hostile interactions within families and their associations with externalizing problems among early-adolescent children. Using hostility scores based on observational data of six dyadic interactions during a triadic interaction ( n = 462; i.e., child-to-mother, mother-to-child, child-to-father, father-to-child, mother-to-father, father-to-mother)—latent profile analysis supported three distinct profiles of hostility. The low/ moderate hostile profile included families with the lowest levels of hostility across dyads; families in the mutual parent-child hostile profile scored higher on parent-child hostility, but lower on interparental hostility; the hostile parent profile showed higher levels of parent-to-child and interparental hostility, but lower child-to-parent hostility. Concerning links to youth outcomes, youth in the mutual parent-child hostile profile reported the highest level of externalizing problems, both concurrently and longitudinally. These results point to the importance of examining larger family patterns of hostility to fully understand the association between family hostility and youth adjustment.

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Moradan, Abbas, et Nayereh Ahmadian. « The Effect of Dyadic and Triadic Interaction on Iranian EFL Learners’ Oral Proficiency ». Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, n^o 7 (1 juillet 2016) : 1498. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0607.23.

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Knowing about interaction and applying it among EFL learners, is one of the crucial and important factors which needs to be taken seriously in English education. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Dyadic and Triadic Interaction between young Iranian English learners and to find out how the different forms of interaction between the learners in classroom practice can enhance their oral proficiency by drawing on some theories such as Social Learning, Social Development Theory and Interaction Hypothesis. 61 Iranian young learners participated in the study, taking part in two interviews that were based on Young Learners English Test YLE Cambridge University (Starter). The subjects’ interactional behaviors were determined by the researcher with a checklist which named Learner’s Interaction. Multivariate and discriminate analyses of both experimental groups and control groups’ scores indicated that dyadic interaction between young learners could enhance their oral proficiency more effectively in comparison with that of control group in which all activities were conducted individually, but it didn’t improve learners’ oral proficiency significantly in comparison with Triadic interaction. The results can be used to pave the way for adopting effective educational planning and consequently enhancing teaching education system and improving teachers' practice and learning in EFL contexts.

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Feldman, Ruth, Linda C. Mayes et James E. Swain. « Interaction synchrony and neural circuits contribute to shared intentionality ». Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, n^o 5 (octobre 2005) : 697–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0529012x.

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In the dyadic and triadic sharing of emotions, intentions, and behaviors in families, interactive synchrony is important to the early life experiences that contribute to the development of cultural cognition. This synchrony likely depends on neurobiological circuits, currently under study with brain imaging, that involve attention, stress response, and memory.

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Brinton, Bonnie, Martin Fujiki, Julie Campbell Spencer et Lee A. Robinson. « The Ability of Children With Specific Language Impairment to Access and Participate in an Ongoing Interaction ». Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 40, n^o 5 (octobre 1997) : 1011–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4005.1011.

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This study investigated the ability of 6 children with specific language impairment (SLI), ages 8;10 to 12;5 (years; months), to enter and participate in an ongoing dyadic interaction. Performance was compared to that of 6 chronological agematched (CA) peers and 6 language-similar (LS) peers. All children in the LS and CA groups successfully accessed the interaction, and most did so quickly. Two children from the SLI group did not access, and the 4 remaining subjects required varying amounts of time to access. Following successful access, the triadic interactions of subjects were examined. The accessing children with SLI talked significantly less, were addressed significantly less, and collaborated less than either of the partners within their triads. Few significant differences were observed between LS or CA children and their partners.

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Sinha, Anindya. « Knowledge acquired and decisions made : triadic interactions during allogrooming in wild bonnet macaques, Macaca radiata ». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B : Biological Sciences 353, n^o 1368 (29 avril 1998) : 619–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1998.0230.

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The pressures of developing and maintaining intricate social relationships may have led to the evolution of enhanced cognitive abilities in many nonhuman primates. Knowledge of the dominance ranks and social relationships of other individuals, in particular, is important in evaluating one's position in the rank hierarchy and affiliative networks. Triadic interactions offer an excellent opportunity to examine whether decisions are taken by individuals on the basis of such knowledge. Allogrooming supplants among wild female bonnet macaques ( Macaca radiata ) usually involved the subordinate female of a grooming dyad retreating at the approach of a female dominant to both members of the dyad. In a few exceptional cases, however, the dominant member of the dyad retreated; simple non–cognitive hypotheses involving dyadic rank differences and agonistic relationships failed to explain this phenomenon. Instead, retreat by the dominant individual was positively correlated with the social attractiveness of her subordinate companion (as measured by the duration of grooming received by the latter from other females in the troop). This suggests that not only does an individual evaluate relationships among other females, but does so on the basis of the amount of grooming received by them. Similarly, the frequency of approaches received by any female was correlated with her social attractiveness when she was the dominant member of the dyad, but not when she was the subordinate. This indicated that approaching females might be aware of the relative dominance ranks of the two allogrooming individuals. In logistic regression analyses, the probability of any individual retreating was found to be influenced more by her knowledge of her rank difference with both the other interactants, rather than by their absolute ranks. Moreover, information about social attractiveness appeared to be used in terms of correlated dominance ranks. The nature of knowledge acquired by bonnet macaque females may thus be egotistical in that other individuals are evaluated relative to oneself, integrative in that information about all other interactants is used simultaneously, and hierarchical in the ability to preferentially use certain categories of knowledge for the storage of related information from other domains.

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Frosch, Cynthia A., Jean L. McHale, Sarah C. Mangelsdorf et Alyssa Chang. « Parent-infant interaction during dyadic and triadic play : When two become three ». Infant Behavior and Development 19 (avril 1996) : 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-6383(96)90519-6.

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Xie, Hua, Iliana I. Karipidis, Amber Howell, Meredith Schreier, Kristen E. Sheau, Mai K. Manchanda, Rafi Ayub et al. « Finding the neural correlates of collaboration using a three-person fMRI hyperscanning paradigm ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, n^o 37 (25 août 2020) : 23066–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917407117.

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Humans have an extraordinary ability to interact and cooperate with others. Despite the social and evolutionary significance of collaboration, research on finding its neural correlates has been limited partly due to restrictions on the simultaneous neuroimaging of more than one participant (also known as hyperscanning). Several studies have used dyadic fMRI hyperscanning to examine the interaction between two participants. However, to our knowledge, no study to date has aimed at revealing the neural correlates of social interactions using a three-person (or triadic) fMRI hyperscanning paradigm. Here, we simultaneously measured the blood-oxygenation level-dependent signal from 12 triads (n = 36 participants), while they engaged in a collaborative drawing task based on the social game of Pictionary. General linear model analysis revealed increased activation in the brain regions previously linked with the theory of mind during the collaborative phase compared to the independent phase of the task. Furthermore, using intersubject correlation analysis, we revealed increased synchronization of the right temporo‐parietal junction (R TPJ) during the collaborative phase. The increased synchrony in the R TPJ was observed to be positively associated with the overall team performance on the task. In sum, our paradigm revealed a vital role of the R TPJ among other theory-of-mind regions during a triadic collaborative drawing task.

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Pennazio, Valentina. « Social robotics to help children with autism in their interactions through imitation ». Research on Education and Media 9, n^o 1 (1 juin 2017) : 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rem-2017-0003.

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Abstract This article aims to reflect on the main variables that make social robotics efficient in an educational and rehabilitative intervention. Social robotics is based on imitation, and the study is designed for children affected by profound autism, aiming for the development of their social interactions. Existing research, at the national and international levels, shows how children with autism can interact more easily with a robotic companion rather than a human peer, considering its less complex and more predictable actions. This contribution also highlights how using robotic platforms helps in teaching children with autism basic social abilities, imitation, communication and interaction; this encourages them to transfer the learned abilities to human interactions with both adults and peers, through human–robot imitative modelling. The results of a pilot study conducted in a kindergarten school in the Liguria region are presented. The study included applying a robotic system, at first in a dyadic child–robot relation, then in a triadic one that also included another child, with the aim of eliciting social and imitative abilities in a child with profound autism.

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Swierczek, Artur. « Manufacturer structural embeddedness and the network rent : the intervening role of relational embeddedness in the triadic supply chains ». Supply Chain Management : An International Journal 24, n^o 3 (7 mai 2019) : 334–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-06-2018-0232.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the manufacturer that occupies the central position in the triadic supply chain is capable of enhancing relationships within both dyads to produce the network rent and extra profit shared among all supply chain actors. Design/methodology/approach The paper opted for an exploratory study using a survey of triads forming supply chains. To reveal the capability of yielding the network rent in the examined triads, multiple regression analysis with Interaction effects was used. Having confirmed the existence of supernormal profit, the partial least square path model was developed to investigate the effects of manufacturer structural embeddedness on relational embeddedness and the resulting impact on the network rent. Findings The obtained findings show that manufacturer structural embeddedness has a direct and positive effect on relational embeddedness and relational embeddedness of two dyads (represented as a higher order factor) has a direct and positive effect on the network rent. In addition, relational embeddedness mediates the positive relationship between manufacturer structural embeddedness and network rent, as the null model with no mediation appears to underestimate the direct and positive effect between manufacturer structural embeddedness and the network rent. Research limitations/implications The study makes three key contributions. First, it extends the application of both relational and structural embeddedness to grasp the network architecture of the triadic supply chain. Second, the concept of manufacturer structural embeddedness is used to elaborate on the role of the manufacturer in establishing relationships of high quality with the supplier and the customer. In connection to the previous point, the calculated network rent demonstrates that establishing collaborative relationships in triadic supply chains may bring a significant supernormal profit, derived as the outcome of mutual interplay between the relational performances of two dyads. Practical implications The study shows that manufacturers intending to use their central position to develop collaborative relationships with both partners, and the supplier and the customer, ought to appreciate the role of social ties embedded in interorganizational networks. The paper also implies that in parallel with using formal contracts as a governance mechanism, the manufacturer centrally positioned in the triadic supply chains ought to deliberately shape relational embeddedness of both dyads. Finally, managers can consider the ways to enhance relational embeddedness in a triad by improving relational embeddedness of a certain dyad. Originality/value This study provides a novel framework for studying two basic dimensions of embeddedness (structural and relational) and their impact on the network rent in triadic supply chains that goes beyond the dyadic perspective and incorporates the extended supply chain.

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Dale, Rick, Gregory A. Bryant, Joseph H. Manson et Matthew M. Gervais. « Body synchrony in triadic interaction ». Royal Society Open Science 7, n^o 9 (septembre 2020) : 200095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200095.

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Humans subtly synchronize body movement during face-to-face conversation. In this context, bodily synchrony has been linked to affiliation and social bonding, task success and comprehension, and potential conflict. Almost all studies of conversational synchrony involve dyads, and relatively less is known about the structure of synchrony in groups larger than two. We conducted an optic flow analysis of body movement in triads engaged in face-to-face conversation, and explored a common measure of synchrony: time-aligned bodily covariation. We correlated this measure of synchrony with a diverse set of covariates related to the outcome of interactions. Triads showed higher maximum cross-correlation relative to a surrogate baseline, and ‘meta-synchrony’, in that composite dyads in a triad tended to show correlated structure. A windowed analysis also revealed that synchrony varies widely across an interaction. As in prior studies, average synchrony was low but statistically reliable in just a few minutes of interaction. In an exploratory analysis, we investigated the potential function of body synchrony by predicting it from various covariates, such as linguistic style matching, liking, laughter and cooperative play in a behavioural economic game. Exploratory results do not reveal a clear function for synchrony, though colaughter within triads was associated with greater body synchrony, and is consistent with an earlier analysis showing a positive connection between colaughter and cooperation. We end by discussing the importance of expanding and codifying analyses of synchrony and assessing its function.

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BARTON, MICHELLE E., et RANDI STROSBERG. « Conversational patterns of two-year-old twins in mother–twin–twin triads ». Journal of Child Language 24, n^o 1 (février 1997) : 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000996002991.

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This study investigated the general nature of conversational interaction in mother–twin–twin triads. Four sets of firstborn twins (2;3) were videotaped during 15 minutes of free play with their mothers. Analyses revealed that triadic conversations were approximately five times longer, and elicited more turns from all speakers, than dyadic conversations between a mother and a single twin. Twins also responded as often to comments and requests made to another person as to those directed to themselves, but responded more often to questions addressed directly to them than to others, indicating reliable monitoring of language not addressed to them. These results largely parallel those reported for mother–infant–sibling triads and indicate the unique effects of triadic exchanges are not due to the relative linguistic levels of the child partners.

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MASTIN, J. DOUGLAS, et PAUL VOGT. « Infant engagement and early vocabulary development : a naturalistic observation study of Mozambican infants from 1;1 to 2;1 ». Journal of Child Language 43, n^o 2 (19 juin 2015) : 235–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000915000148.

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AbstractThis study analyzes how others engage rural and urban Mozambican infants during naturalistic observations, and how the proportion of time spent in different engagements relates to infants' language development over the second year of life. Using an extended version of Bakeman and Adamson's (1984) categorization of infant engagement, we investigated to what extent a detailed analysis of infant engagement can contribute to our understanding of vocabulary development in natural settings. In addition, we explored how the different infant engagements relate to vocabulary size, and how these differ between the two communities. Results show that rural infants spend significantly more time in forms of solitary engagement, whereas urban infants spend more time in forms of triadic joint engagement. In regard to correlations with reported productive vocabulary, we find that dyadic persons engagement (i.e. interactions not about concrete objects) has positive correlations with vocabulary measures in both rural and urban communities. In addition, we find that triadic coordinated joint attention has a positive relationship with vocabulary in the urban community, but a contrasting negative correlation with vocabulary in the rural community. These similarities and differences are explained, based upon the parenting beliefs and socialization practices of different prototypical learning environments. Overall, this study concludes that the extended categorization provides a valuable contribution to the analysis of infant engagement and their relation to language acquisition, especially for analyzing naturalistic observations as compared to semi-structured studies. Moreover, with respect to vocabulary development, Mozambican infants appear to benefit strongest from dyadic Persons engagement, while they do not necessarily benefit from joint attention, as tends to be the case for children from industrial, developed communities.

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Rogantini, C., M. Orlandi, L. Provenzi, M. Chiappedi, C. Coci, M. Criscuolo, M. Castiglioni, V. Zanna, R. Borgatti et M. Mensi. « Assessing Family Functioning Before and After an Integrated Multidisciplinary Family Treatment for Adolescents With Restrictive Eating Disorders ». European Psychiatry 65, S1 (juin 2022) : S580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1485.

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Introduction Previous studies applying the Lausanne Trilogue Play (LTPc), a semi-structured method for observing family dynamics, highlighted dysfunctional interaction patterns in the families of individuals affected by restrictive eating disorders (REDs). Family-centered approaches are considered the first-line treatment for severe cases of REDs in adolescence. Objectives To investigate family functioning in the families of adolescents with severe REDs assessed before and 6 months after a multidisciplinary family treatment program that combined psychodynamic psychotherapy, parental role intervention and triadic or family-centered intervention. Methods Sixty-seven families of adolescent patients diagnosed with REDs were assessed for eligibility between July 2017 and October 2020. Family functioning was assessed using the clinical version of LTPc. Nutritional counseling and neuropsychiatric monitoring were also provided. Results We observed a significant change in the family functioning score for the LTPc phase 2, in which the father interacts with his daughter while the mother acts as a silent observer. This suggests that the fathers, when playing an active role, could improve dyadic family functioning. The treatment was not found to change triadic functioning: a 6-month treatment may not be long enough to modify interactions at the triadic level. Conclusions A brief multidisciplinary treatment program may significantly improve family functioning in the families of patients diagnosed with severe REDs. Although appropriate clinical trials are needed to further test the efficacy of this treatment, our study reinforce the concept that treatment programs targeting the individual patient and both the parents should be a first-line approach in adolescents with severe REDs. Disclosure The authors declare that they do not have a significant financial interest, consultancy or other relationship with products, manufacturer(s) of products or providers of services related to this abstrac.

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Lindsey, Eric W., et Yvonne M. Caldera. « Mother–Father–Child Triadic Interaction and Mother–Child Dyadic Interaction : Gender Differences Within and Between Contexts ». Sex Roles 55, n^o 7-8 (30 novembre 2006) : 511–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-006-9106-z.

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Shebilske, Wayne L., Jeffrey A. Jordan, Barry P. Goettl et Leigh E. Paulus. « Observation versus Hands-on Practice of Complex Skills in Dyadic, Triadic, and Tetradic Training-Teams ». Human Factors : The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 40, n^o 4 (décembre 1998) : 525–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/001872098779649319.

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We saved trainer time and resources by reducing hands-on practice in training-team protocols without reducing computer-based learning. During 1-h sessions, young adults learned Space Fortress, a video task that has been employed during pilot training. Observers (Experiment 1) learned more in 3 sessions than did test-only trainees. Individuals, dyads, triads, and tetrads (Experiment 2) learned in 3 sessions with no differences in learning or interaction between learning and protocol. Individuals, dyads, and tetrads (Experiment 3) learned in 10 sessions with no differences in learning or interaction between learning and protocol. As predicted by social learning theory, observational learning seems to compensate for hands-on practice efficiently and effectively. Applications of this research have been developed for computer-based group training of airline and air force pilots.

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Frey, Seth, et Robert L. Goldstone. « Does successful small-scale coordination help or hinder coordination at larger scales ? » Interaction Studies 17, n^o 3 (31 décembre 2016) : 371–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.17.3.03fre.

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Abstract An individual can interact with the same set of people over many different scales simultaneously. Four people might interact as a group of four and, at the same time, in pairs and triads. What is the relationship between different parallel interaction scales, and how might those scales themselves interact? We devised a four-player experimental game, the Modular Stag Hunt, in which participants chose not just whether to coordinate, but with whom, and at what scale. Our results reveal coordination behavior with such a strong preference for dyads that undermining pairwise coordination actually improves group-scale outcomes. We present these findings as experimental evidence for competition, as opposed to complementarity, between different possible scales of multi-player coordination. This result undermines a basic premise of approaches, like those of network science, that fail to model the interacting effects of dyadic, triadic, and group-scale structures on group outcomes.

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Faust, Katherine. « 7. Very Local Structure in Social Networks ». Sociological Methodology 37, n^o 1 (août 2007) : 209–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9531.2007.00179.x.

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Triadic configurations are fundamental to many social structural processes and provide the basis for a variety of social network theories and methodologies. This paper addresses the question of how much of the patterning of triads is accounted for by lower-order properties pertaining to nodes and dyads. The empirical base is a collection of 82 social networks representing a number of different species (humans, baboons, macaques, bison, cattle, goats, sparrows, caribou, and more) and an assortment of social relations (friendship, negative sentiments, choice of work partners, advice seeking, reported social interactions, victories in agonistic encounters, dominance, and co-observation). Methodology uses low dimensional representations of triad censuses for these social networks, as compared to censuses expected given four lower-order social network properties. Results show that triadic structure is largely accounted for by properties more local than triads: network density, nodal indegree and outdegree distributions, and the dyad census. These findings reinforce the observation that structural configurations that can be realized in empirical social networks are severely constrained by very local network properties, making some configurations extremely improbable.

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Jean, Quigley, et Nixon Elizabeth. « Parent child directed speech in dyadic and triadic interaction : Associations with co-parenting dynamics and child language outcomes ». Early Childhood Research Quarterly 58 (2022) : 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2021.09.005.

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Merlini, Raffaela. « Seeking asylum and seeking identity in a mediated encounter ». Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 11, n^o 1 (23 février 2009) : 57–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.11.1.05mer.

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The paper explores the professional practice of “cultural mediation” in the Italian context. This activity is taken here as a vantage point from which the dynamics of identity projections can be observed, as they emerge from a real-life interaction. The analysis is carried out on a recorded and transcribed encounter involving three participants: a service provider working for a Foreigners Advice Bureau run by the municipal authorities of a major Italian city; a French-speaking asylum seeker from Cameroon; and a Moroccan mediator. The encounter is characterised by a high degree of interactional heterogeneity; triadic configurations where the mediator acts as “interpreter” alternate with parallel conversations and with long dyadic exchanges between the mediator and the service user, in the absence of the service provider. Within this changeable participation framework, the interlocutors’ discursive choices are closely examined. The theoretical framework brings together two complementary paradigms, a linguistic-interactional and a socio-psychological one. The resulting discussion, which revolves around the concepts of “role”, “discourse”, “position” and “narrative”, reveals cultural mediation as an area of instability, where competing identities are interactively constructed and reconstructed.

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Robin, M., H. Kheroua et I. Casati. « Effects of Early Mother-Twin Relationships from Birth to Age 3, on Twin Bonding ». Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae : twin research 41, n^o 2-3 (juillet 1992) : 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000002348.

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AbstractFindings from an earlier phase of this research project clearly pointed to the mother's psycological adaptation inherent to the specificities of triadic interaction. Mothers' attitudes were classified in a typology ranging from “early twinness” where the two babies are treated as though they were a single unit, to attempts to create two dyadic relationships. The current program deals with the effects of the type of parent-child relationship at one year on the emergence of twin bonding. Sixty-eight families of twins (26MZ, 24DZ same sex, 18DZ different sex) are followed up from birth to the age of 3 using a method based on clinical interviews, videotaped observations, and questionnaires. The data cover mothers' rearing attitudes towards organization of babycare and outward signs of twinness, maternal representations of the relationship between the twins and observation of the children's interaction in a standardized game situation. The findings are discussed in terms of zygosity, and parental SCS.

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Cachia, Pierre. « The impact of psychic trauma on love relationships : Implications for the practice of couple counselling ». Counselling Psychology Review 25, n^o 2 (juin 2010) : 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpr.2010.25.2.34.

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Counselling psychologists working with couples inevitably encounter personal narratives embedded with traumata. These are often reported to impact the couple’s relationship or even to have caused the presenting problem. This paper draws on the psychodynamic literature on trauma and reflects on how ideas emerging in the analytic field can support our understanding of this phenomenon and facilitate relational recovery. Working with couples allows the practitioner to witness the emergence of traumatic material in the dyadic relational context and how this often relates to earlier trauma, whose genesis is likewise embedded in the dyad. The professional’s presence changes the relational context into a triadic one and this can then serve the important function of facilitating thinkingand reflection about these experiences, thereby allowing a detoxification of the enactments arising between the couple. The risk inherent to working with trauma manifest within this context is discussed, as well as the relational stance required of the professional in order to avoid being experienced as an uninvolved bystander amplifying traumatic anxieties. Finally, this paper emphasises that counselling psychologists working with couples need to appreciate the emergence of reparative and creative interaction within the couple as trauma starts to recede into the relational background.

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C., Francisca Pérez, Markus Moessner et María Pía Santelices A. « BEYOND THE DYAD : THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRESCHOOLERS’ ATTACHMENT REPRESENTATIONS AND FAMILY TRIADIC INTERACTIONS ». Infant Mental Health Journal 38, n^o 2 (mars 2017) : 198–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21633.

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Adelman, Ronald D., Michele G. Greene, Erika Friedmann, Marcia G. Ory et Caitlin E. Snow. « Older Patient–Physician Discussion About Exercise ». Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 19, n^o 3 (juillet 2011) : 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.19.3.225.

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This cross-sectional observational study examined the frequency of older patient–physician discussions about exercise, who initiates discussions, and the quality of questioning, informing, and support about exercise. The study used a convenience sample of 396 follow-up visits at 3 community-based practice sites, with 376 community-dwelling older patients and 43 primary-care physicians. Audiotapes were analyzed using the Multi-Dimensional Interaction Analysis coding system. Results demonstrate that exercise was discussed in 13% of visits and the subject was raised equally by patients and physicians. Exercise was significantly more likely to be discussed in dyadic visits (14.7%) than in triadic visits (4.1%). Patient level of education, patient overall physical health, and the physician’s being female were significant predictors of the occurrence of exercise discussion. Given the importance of exercise for maintaining health and independence in older adults, more clinical and research attention is needed to address barriers to effective discussions in this area.

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Striano, Tricia, Anne Henning et Daniel Stahl. « Sensitivity to interpersonal timing at 3 and 6 months of age ». Epigenetic robotics 7, n^o 2 (29 juin 2006) : 251–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.7.2.08str.

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Sensitivity to interpersonal timing was assessed in mother–infant interaction. In Study 1, 3-month-old infants interacted with their mothers over television and the mothers’ audio-visual presentation was either live or temporally delayed by 1 second. Infants gazed longer when the mother was presented live compared to delayed by 1 second, indicating that they detected the temporal delay. In Study 2, mothers interacted with their 3-month-old infants over television and the infants’ audio-visual presentation was either live or temporally delayed by 1 second. Mothers’ behavior was not altered by a 1-second delay in their infants’ behavior compared to a live presentation. In Study 3 and 4, the results were replicated with 6-month-old infants. Whereas infants detected the temporal delay in maternal responses, mothers likely adjusted to the delay in infant behavior. The discussion focuses on the role of interpersonal timing for detecting social contingency in dyadic and triadic communication.

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Chaudhary, Poonam, et Rashmi Agrawal. « Sensory motor imagery EEG classification based on non-dyadic wavelets using dynamic weighted majority ensemble classification ». Intelligent Decision Technologies 15, n^o 1 (24 mars 2021) : 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/idt-200005.

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The classification accuracy has become a significant challenge and an important task in sensory motor imagery (SMI) electroencephalogram (EEG) based Brain Computer interface (BCI) system. This paper compares ensemble classification framework with individual classifiers. The main objective is to reduce the inference of non-stationary and transient information and improves the classification decision in BCI system. The framework comprises the three phases as follows: (1) the EEG signal first decomposes into triadic frequency bands: low pass band, band pass filter and high pass filter to localize α, β and high γ frequency bands within the EEG signals, (2) Then, Common spatial pattern (CSP) algorithm has been applied on the extracted frequencies in phase I to heave out the important features of EEG signal, (3) Further, an existing Dynamic Weighted Majiority (DWM) ensemble classification algorithm has been implemented using features extracted in phase II, for final class label decision. J48, Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, and K-Nearest Neighbor classifiers used as base classifiers for making a diverse ensemble of classifiers. A comparative study between individual classifiers and ensemble framework has been included in the paper. Experimental evaluation and assessment of the performance of the proposed model is done on the publically available datasets: BCI Competition IV dataset IIa and BCI Competition III dataset IVa. The ensemble based learning method gave the highest accuracy among all. The average sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 85.4%, 86.5%, and 85.6% were achieved with a kappa value of 0.59 using DWM classification.

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Rencic, Joseph, Lambert W. T. Schuwirth, Larry D. Gruppen et Steven J. Durning. « A situated cognition model for clinical reasoning performance assessment : a narrative review ». Diagnosis 7, n^o 3 (27 août 2020) : 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dx-2019-0106.

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AbstractBackgroundClinical reasoning performance assessment is challenging because it is a complex, multi-dimensional construct. In addition, clinical reasoning performance can be impacted by contextual factors, leading to significant variation in performance. This phenomenon called context specificity has been described by social cognitive theories. Situated cognition theory, one of the social cognitive theories, posits that cognition emerges from the complex interplay of human beings with each other and the environment. It has been used as a valuable conceptual framework to explore context specificity in clinical reasoning and its assessment. We developed a conceptual model of clinical reasoning performance assessment based on situated cognition theory. In this paper, we use situated cognition theory and the conceptual model to explore how this lens alters the interpretation of articles or provides additional insights into the interactions between the assessee, patient, rater, environment, assessment method, and task.MethodsWe culled 17 articles from a systematic literature search of clinical reasoning performance assessment that explicitly or implicitly demonstrated a situated cognition perspective to provide an “enriched” sample with which to explore how contextual factors impact clinical reasoning performance assessment.ResultsWe found evidence for dyadic, triadic, and quadratic interactions between different contextual factors, some of which led to dramatic changes in the assessment of clinical reasoning performance, even when knowledge requirements were not significantly different.ConclusionsThe analysis of the selected articles highlighted the value of a situated cognition perspective in understanding variations in clinical reasoning performance assessment. Prospective studies that evaluate the impact of modifying various contextual factors, while holding others constant, can provide deeper insights into the mechanisms by which context impacts clinical reasoning performance assessment.

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Mercuri, Marisa, Dale M. Stack, Sabina Trojan, Lorenzo Giusti, Francesco Morandi, Irene Mantis et Rosario Montirosso. « Mothers’ and fathers’ early tactile contact behaviors during triadic and dyadic parent-infant interactions immediately after birth and at 3-months postpartum : Implications for early care behaviors and intervention ». Infant Behavior and Development 57 (novembre 2019) : 101347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.101347.

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Fehrer, Julia A., Herbert Woratschek, Claas Christian Germelmann et Roderick J. Brodie. « Dynamics and drivers of customer engagement : within the dyad and beyond ». Journal of Service Management 29, n^o 3 (4 mai 2018) : 443–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/josm-08-2016-0236.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extend existing engagement research in two directions: first, it operationalizes the dynamic nature of the engagement process within a customer-brand dyad and, second, it tests the interrelationships with other network actors in a triadic network setting. Design/methodology/approach A 2×2 experimental design models the iterative nature of the engagement process based on repeated measures at three points in time, considering the contextual effects of connections with other customers and crowding-in effects based on monetary incentives. Findings This research demonstrates that in a utilitarian service setting, customer engagement does not emerge per se in the dyadic interaction between the customer and the brand. For high levels of engagement behavior to occur, incentives and ties to other network actors are essential. Further, the findings suggest a non-linear relationship between engagement behavior and its antecedents and consequences: engagement behavior must overcome a certain intensity threshold to unfold its effect. Research limitations/implications Further research is needed to explore the dynamic nature of the engagement process in experiential and interactive service settings, and more complex network settings that may involve more actors and more complex relationships. Practical implications By facilitating connections between customers and compensating for low intrinsic interest, managers can facilitate actual engagement behavior even in utilitarian service contexts. Once engagement behavior has been triggered, an increased engagement disposition, higher satisfaction, higher involvement and higher loyalty follow. Originality/value This study empirically tests the dynamic nature of the engagement process within and beyond the dyad, and has revealed a non-linear pattern of customer engagement behavior within its nomological network.

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Werebe, Maria José Garcia, et Pierre Marie Baudonniere. « Friendship among Preschool Children ». International Journal of Behavioral Development 11, n^o 3 (septembre 1988) : 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502548801100301.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the privileged character of interactions between preschool friends and to attempt to define the features entering into their specificity. Eighteen same-sex triads (9 male and 9 female) aged 4.0 to 5.0 were videotaped without their knowledge in a familiar room of their school without adult presence. Each triad was composed of a dyad of friends plus a third partner, all three classmates. They were observed with two sets of ten categories of matching objects. Six indices were defined: (1) holding and appropriation of objects; (2) competition to hold objects; (3) offering of objects; (4) physical proximity between partners; (5) frequency of verbalisations; (6) expressions of satisfaction. The findings confirm the principal hypothesis that the privileged character of interactions between friends is maintained in a triadic situation when a third partner is present.

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Saadatzi, Mohammad Nasser, Robert C. Pennington, Karla C. Welch et James H. Graham. « Effects of a Robot Peer on the Acquisition and Observational Learning of Sight Words in Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder ». Journal of Special Education Technology 33, n^o 4 (31 mai 2018) : 284–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162643418778506.

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The authors of the current investigation developed and evaluated the effects of a tutoring system based on a small-group arrangement to two young adults with autism spectrum disorder on the acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of sight words. The tutoring system was comprised of a virtual teacher to instruct sight words, and a humanoid robot which adopted a peer metaphor, where its function was to act as an emulated peer. With the introduction of the robot peer (RP), the traditional dyadic interaction in tutoring systems was augmented to a novel triadic interaction in order to enrich the social content of the learning environment and to facilitate observational learning (OL). The virtual teacher implemented a constant time delay strategy to instruct three types of sight words: (a) target words exclusive to the participant, (b) target words common between the participant and the RP, and (c) nontarget words exclusive to the RP. In order to examine the efficacy of intervention, a multiple-probe design across three word sets, replicated across two participants, was utilized. Results indicated that both participants acquired, generalized, and maintained target words with 100% accuracy. Furthermore, the participants made fewer errors and required less instruction time to learn the words common between the participants and the RP. Finally, the participants acquired, through OL, the majority of words taught exclusively to the RP.

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Filipi, Anna. « Snapshots of tellings in interactions between adults and children aged two, three and three and a half in an Australian context ». Research on Children and Social Interaction 3, n^o 1-2 (29 août 2019) : 119–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/rcsi.37285.

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This paper examines how and by whom tellings with two young children are triggered at ages 23, 36 and 42 months. The data for the investigation is derived from a larger Australian English corpus of over 50 hours of interactions in the home, although one of the children is a bilingual Italian/ English-speaking child. The data is derived from two parent/child dyads, and in the case of the child aged 42 months, a triadic interaction between a mother, her own child and a second child. Using the micro-analytic methods of conversation analysis, the study analyses five samples of tellings. The first two describe how a child, Cassandra, aged 23 months, is invited to recount events of her day by her parents. The trigger for these tellings is the social activity of sharing everyday routine events. The next two samples focus on Rosie at 36 months who is also invited to share a telling by her parent about a birthday party celebration and one about a neighbourhood cat, Claude. The first telling is triggered by an object, a balloon from a birthday party from the day before, while the second is triggered by play involving the character of a cat, initially derived from a favourite story, Hairy Maclary. In the final sample, Cassandra, aged 42 months, initiates a telling about an experience at her grandmother’s which is trigged by a picture in a book. The analyses in each case reveal the interactional issues that arise in the action of telling and how these are dealt with by all participants. By focusing on the three ages, key features in the children’s participation in storytelling are uncovered.

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Salvadori, Eliala A., Cristina Colonnesi, Heleen S. Vonk, Frans J. Oort et Evin Aktar. « Infant Emotional Mimicry of Strangers : Associations with Parent Emotional Mimicry, Parent-Infant Mutual Attention, and Parent Dispositional Affective Empathy ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n^o 2 (14 janvier 2021) : 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020654.

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Emotional mimicry, the tendency to automatically and spontaneously reproduce others’ facial expressions, characterizes human social interactions from infancy onwards. Yet, little is known about the factors modulating its development in the first year of life. This study investigated infant emotional mimicry and its association with parent emotional mimicry, parent-infant mutual attention, and parent dispositional affective empathy. One hundred and seventeen parent-infant dyads (51 six-month-olds, 66 twelve-month-olds) were observed during video presentation of strangers’ happy, sad, angry, and fearful faces. Infant and parent emotional mimicry (i.e., facial expressions valence-congruent to the video) and their mutual attention (i.e., simultaneous gaze at one another) were systematically coded second-by-second. Parent empathy was assessed via self-report. Path models indicated that infant mimicry of happy stimuli was positively and independently associated with parent mimicry and affective empathy, while infant mimicry of sad stimuli was related to longer parent-infant mutual attention. Findings provide new insights into infants’ and parents’ coordination of mimicry and attention during triadic contexts of interactions, endorsing the social-affiliative function of mimicry already present in infancy: emotional mimicry occurs as an automatic parent-infant shared behavior and early manifestation of empathy only when strangers’ emotional displays are positive, and thus perceived as affiliative.

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Kaplan, Danny. « Public intimacy in social media : The mass audience as a third party ». Media, Culture & ; Society 43, n^o 4 (11 février 2021) : 595–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443721991087.

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This study presents a novel analysis of social network sites as a staged performance of interpersonal ties in front of a third party, here defined as public intimacy. This concept moves away from the current focus on the presentation of self in social media to the performance of relationships. Users of social media are compared to an interactive audience in a round theater. As inner circle network members display their exclusive ties in front of ther users they may also tease them into joining the conversation. Building on studies of Simmelian ties, interactive exchange, and phatic communication the study presents six characteristics of public intimacy along with brief examples drawn from users’ experiences on Facebook and Twitter. It is concluded that by mediating the shift from dyad to triad and from triad to mass community social media do not necessarily entail a reduction in intimacy but rather a concretization of social relations. The recursive relationship between interpersonal ties and mass solidarity is sustained and reaffirmed thanks to triadic interactions of public intimacy.

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