Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Dunes – Flandre »

AbstractThe chronostratigraphic position of aeolian dunes in East Flanders (Belgium) has been under debate for decades. Until now, the only available age information consisted of a limited number of radiocarbon dates, which provided indirect sediment deposition chronologies. This paper reports on the first direct determination, by quartz-based single-aliquot optically stimulated luminescence dating, of the time that dune sands were deposited along the Lower River Scheldt in Belgium. The sediments are dated at 12.0±0.9 ka (n = 5), which confirms that the time of inland dune formation in East Flanders dates from the Younger Dryas period and should not be constrained to the Holocene.

ABSTRACT:During the negotiations with their Flemish subjects, the Burgundian dukes generally asked for taxes or military aid, while their subjects demanded the confirmation of privileges and the political and economic stability necessary for trade and industry to flourish. In this analysis of the institutionalized bargaining sessions between cities, rural districts and the dukes in Flanders, it will be shown that a specific political discourse developed among the Flemish delegates, that can be considered ‘corporatist’ or ‘communalist’.

AbstractThe presence of naturally occurring entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) was surveyed in the West-Flanders province in the north-west of Belgium. In 21 sites of different agronomical situations, 130 soil samples were taken. Using the Galleria larva bait technique, 16 soil samples were found positive for epns. Fifteen samples were found to contain Steinernema spp. (nine S.feltiae, five S. affinis, one Steinemema species B3). The remaining positive sample contained Heterorhabditis sp. (North West European strain). The morphometric characters of the isolates were highly variable and did not correspond precisely to the original descriptions; however, biochemical characterization confirmed their identity. The epns were isolated from 50%, 18.8% or 12.3% of the samples taken in sand dunes, grassland or woodlands, respectively. S. feltiae and S. affinis were isolated in these three habitats; Heterorhabditis sp. was found in a grassland habitat. Steinernema feltiae was prevalent in loamy sand soils with a wide range of organic matter content; S. affinis, Heterorhabditis sp. and Steinernema species B3 were isolated in sandy loam soils. All the positive sample sites were in the pH range of 4.0–8.1. This is the first report of naturally occurring entomopathogenic nematodes in Belgium.

Abstract Twenty-six years after the first edition and translation by Sydney Anglo in 1991 of the anonymous manuscript Le Jeu de la hache , many elements can still be significantly improved. This paper offers a completely new critical edition of the text, and a major revision of the translation. This article includes a detailed glossary as well as notes to discuss the many ambiguous passages in the original text. Finally, the studies of the language, the vocabulary, the dialect, the writing style and the physical document make it possible to refine the dating of the manuscript to the third quarter of the fifteenth century, between 1460 and 1485, and its origin, probably Flanders or Wallonia in the entourage of the dukes of Burgundy.

Abstract This article considers the attempt by a prominent fifteenth-century follower of Thomas Aquinas, Dominic of Flanders (a.k.a. Flandrensis, 1425-1479), to address John Duns Scotus’ most famous argument for the univocity of being. According to Scotus, the intellect must have a concept of being that is univocal to substantial and accidental being, and to finite and infinite being, on the grounds that an intellect cannot be both certain and doubtful through the same concept, but an intellect can be certain that something is a being while doubting whether it is a substance or accident, finite or infinite. The article shows how Flandrensis’ reply in defence of analogy of being hinges on a more fundamental disagreement with Scotus over the division of the logically one. It also shows how Flandrensis’ answer to this question commits him to a position on the unity of the concept of being that lies between the positions of Scotus and of Flandrensis’ earlier Thomistic sources.

Le géoradar est un outil de prospection géophysique non destructive basé sur les principes de propagation des ondes électromagnétiques (réfraction, réflexion et diffraction) dans le sous-sol. Cette méthode permet d'imager les discontinuités stratigraphiques les plus fines et de retracer ainsi la structure des premiers mètres du sous-sol, quand le substrat n'est pas trop conducteur. Un équipement géoradar a été acquis en 2020 par le Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) dans le cadre du contrat de plan état-région (CPER) MARCO, ce qui a donné lieu à des travaux d'étudiants en licence et master réalisés dans le cadre de cette thèse, ainsi qu'à des collaborations académiques et industrielles. L'architecture géoradar des dunes côtières permet de reconstituer les mécanismes d'érosion et de dépôt du sable, depuis l'échelle d'événements saisonniers jusqu'à celle de l'édification dunaire à l'échelle millénale, comme cela est montré à partir de l'exemple la dune du Pilat (Gironde). L'espace à l'arrière du trait de côte est également prospecté. La plaine maritime flamande contient des corps sableux d'extension kilométrique, en partie enfouis sous les limons des polders, et qui sont stratégiques autant pour les ressources en eau que pour la diversité des milieux naturels. Un des plus connus est la dune fossile de Ghyvelde, un espace géré par le Conservatoire du littoral. Les profils géoradar réalisés sur la dune de Ghyvelde permettent d'imager à quelques mètres sous la dune sa racine estuarienne. Les polders eux-mêmes constituent une cible, contre toute attente étant donné la composante argileuse et conductive de ces terrains. Moyennant un décapage préalable de la couche de terre arable, le signal géoradar pénètre suffisamment dans les polders pour imager les derniers chenaux qui ont drainé la plaine avant son assèchement. Enfin, deux exemples montrent le potentiel du géoradar dans des études géologiques de couches sédimentaires plus profondes ou rocheuses. Dans les sables éocènes de la région de Leuven (Belgique), une profondeur de pénétration de plus de 30 mètres a été obtenue, permettant d'extrapoler en profondeur le gisement des sablières de la région. Dans les faluns d'Anjou, sur le géosite patrimonial et touristique des Perrières, des profils géoradar imagent parfaitement l'architecture des couches rocheuses exposées dans les carrières souterraines, même à travers la route, ce qui laisse apercevoir un potentiel de cartographie extensive en installant l'outil sur un véhicule. Les résultats obtenus sur ces chantiers montrent que le géoradar est un outil versatile pour les géoressources, le géopatrimoine, les géorisques et l'environnement. Le mémoire de thèse présente ces différents résultats d'ordre méthodologique à travers un chapitre soumis pour publication dans un ouvrage faisant état des travaux scientifiques financés par le CPER MARCO. Un autre chapitre de la thèse, correspondant au chantier principal et justifiant le titre du mémoire, fait l'objet d'un manuscrit soumis pour publication dans un journal international à comité de lecture (The Depositional Record). Il concerne l'évolution depuis le Moyen-Âge de la rive orientale de la paléo-Denna (un des bras de l'ancien delta du fleuve Aa) dans le secteur de Loon-Plage entre Gravelines et Dunkerque. Près de 30km de profils géoradar acquis dans le cadre du diagnostic archéologique préalable à l'extension du Grand Port Maritime de Dunkerque ont permis de cartographier les derniers chenaux estuariens et leur évolution au cours du Moyen-Âge. Les étapes de la poldérisation correspondant à la migration progressive des digues vers l'ouest se marquent dans la stratigraphie géoradar, et se traduisent par un remplacement des systèmes de chenaux par une nappe plus sableuse que les sédiments estuariens sous-jacents et formant le substrat agricole de la plaine
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a non-destructive geophysical prospecting tool used to image the finest discontinuities of the underground where the soil is not too conductive. GPR equipment was acquired in 2020 by the Oceanology and Geosciences Laboratory (LOG), which gave rise to bachelor's and master's internships supervised as part of this thesis, as well as academic and industrial collaborations. The first part of the results presented in this memoir is a summary of the surveys carried out on a variety of targets to test the method. GPR gives excellent results on wind-blown sands, and makes it possible to reconstruct the evolution of the coastal dunes affected by climate change. Examples of very-high resolution architectures are provided on the Slack and Pilat dunes. The combined use of different GPR antennas allows describing the mechanisms of sand erosion and deposition, from the scale of seasonal events to that of dune construction on a millennial scale. The backshore area is also explored. The Flemish coastal plain contains sandbodies of kilometer extension, partly buried under the silt of the polders, and which are strategic both for water resources and for the diversity of natural environments. One of the best known is the Ghyvelde fossil dune, an area managed by the Coastal Conservatory. The GPR profiles carried out on the Ghyvelde dune make it possible to image a few meters below the dune a sandy unit of marine or estuarine origin. The polders themselves constitute a target, against all expectations given the clayey and conductive component of these lands. By previously stripping the topsoil, the GPR signal penetrates sufficiently (4m) to image the last channels that drained the plain before it dried up. Finally, two examples show the potential of GPR in geological studies of deeper sedimentary or rocky layers. In the Brussels sands of the Leuven region (Belgium), a penetration depth of more than 30 meters was obtained with a low frequency antenna, making it possible to reconstruct the geometry of tidal sand bar cropping in a sand pit and thereby to guide the sand mining. In the faluns of Anjou, on the heritage and tourist geosite of Perrières, the profiles obtained show the possibility of perfectly imaging the architecture of the rock layers exposed in the subterraneous quarries. Profiles realized on the roads show the feasability of potential extensive mapping by installing the tool on a vehicle. The results obtained on these targets opened up possibilities for developing other areas of research in applied geosciences, particularly with regard to georesources, geoheritage, geohazards and geoenvironment. The memoir presents these different aspects through an article manuscript submitted for publication in a co-edited book produced for decision makers. The second part of the thesis results presented in this memoir is focused on the work done in collaboration with INRAP (the National Institute of Research in Preventive Archaeology) on the Flemish coastal plain. It justifies the title of the dissertation, and is the subject of a manuscript submitted for publication in an international peer-reviewed journal (The Depositional Record). This concerns the evolution since the Middle Age of the eastern bank of the paleo-Denna, a banch of the paleo-delta of the Aa river that had its mouth between Gravelines and Dunkirk. About 30km of GPR profiles acquired as part of the archaeological diagnosis prior to the extension of the Grand Maritime Port of Dunkirk were used to map the last estuarine channels and their evolution during land reclamation. They show progressive shift of the front dikes towards the west which resulted in replacement of the channel system by a continuous layer sandier than the underlying estuarine sediments. This ultimate deposit forms the substrate of the modern agricultural soil of the coastal plain

I “You are right. This is not the original crucifix at all. Another one has been put instead. Il y a eu substitution,” and the little old Antiquary of Dunes* nodded mysteriously, fixing his ghostseer’s eyes upon mine. He said it in...

Abstract In January 1649, the Catholic House of Stuart lost its hold on the monarchy of Great Britain. In that month, King Charles I was executed by Parliamentary forces commanded by Oliver Cromwell who, since the battle of Naseby in 1645, had been expanding his military and political power. Charles II, next in line to the throne, attempted to continue the Royalist, or Cavalier, war against the Parliamentarians, or Roundheads, after his father’s death. Unfortunately for him, his forces lost to Cromwell on 3 September 1651 at the battle of Worcester; Charles was forced to flee for France. As Cromwell proceeded to act like a king (although he never took the title) in England, on the Continent Charles looked for supporters to aid his return to the throne. He finally threw his lot in with the Spanish, who controlled the Spanish Netherlands (modern Belgium and Flanders) at the time. The Spanish had long had hostile relations with England, ever since Protestant Queen Elizabeth Is navy had defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588.

This chapter discusses the events following the aftermath of the Battle of Val-ès-Dunes. Prestigiously married to Matilda, daughter of Count Baldwin V of Flanders, he became involved in discussions with Edward the Confessor that were later to be at the heart of the justification for the invasion of England in 1066. In addition, William had participated in the establishment of good relations with a series of reforming popes and had also gained his first military victory over a ruler of a great northern French territorial principality. Yet, for all that was to follow from these developments, the event that had the greatest immediate political impact was Count Geoffrey Martel's takeover of the county of Maine in 1051. Probably as a result, by 1053 William was facing the likelihood of the breakdown of good relations with King Henry I and the possibility of fighting a war against him and Geoffrey.

Abstract The development of long-distance, especially seaborne, trade is one of the most demonstrable sources of British urban growth between 1050 and 1300. It was chiefly beneficial to eastern England and Scotland, whose economies it integrated into the expanding North Sea trading area; northern France (including Flanders) and the Rhineland were the principal trading partners. A statistical assessment of the magnitude of change is only possible in part; the evidence of customs accounts becomes available for English ports from 1275, for Welsh ports from the beginning of the fourteenth century, and for Scottish ports from 1327. Comparison between English customs returns of the years 1304–5 with customs dues recorded in a royal exchequer account of 1204 suggests that over that hundred years the value of English overseas trade may have tripled in real terms.