Bibliographies thématiques / Dunbar's model

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Dunbar's model »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Dunbar's model"

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Child, Benjamin. « The Plantation Countermelodies of Dunbar and Du Bois : Writing Agropolitical Subjecthood in the Nadir ». American Literature 91, no 3 (1 septembre 2019) : 557–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00029831-7722128.

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Abstract With attention to representations of the land and labor in the postslavery agricultural South of the nadir—a period when American apartheid was at its most violent—this essay uses Paul Laurence Dunbar’s plantation poems and W. E. B. Du Bois’s cotton novel, The Quest of the Silver Fleece (1911), to explore counternarratives of black subjecthood. Agriculture’s focus on productive collaborations with the nonhuman, on cycles of decay and rebirth, and on the potential for self-determination provides a generative vocabulary for conceptualizing nadir-era experiences of the human. Under this model, literature provides a venue wherein the legacies of the plantation might be imaginatively transposed from a Jim Crow necropolitics of violent constraint and dispossession into vectors of agropolitical possibility. To that end, the essay uses Dunbar and Du Bois to propose potentially radical processes of black subject formation wherein physical and imaginative instances of reclamation give rise to fresh mergers of epistemic and embodied selfhood.
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Jiménez-Martín, Manuel, Silvia N. Santalla, Javier Rodríguez-Laguna et Elka Korutcheva. « A null model for Dunbar’s circles ». Physica A : Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 545 (mai 2020) : 123767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.123767.

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Wages, Nolan A., et Mark R. Conaway. « Revisiting isotonic phase I design in the era of model-assisted dose-finding ». Clinical Trials 15, no 5 (13 août 2018) : 524–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740774518792258.

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Background/aims In the conduct of phase I trials, the limited use of innovative model-based designs in practice has led to an introduction of a class of “model-assisted” designs with the aim of effectively balancing the trade-off between design simplicity and performance. Prior to the recent surge of these designs, methods that allocated patients to doses based on isotonic toxicity probability estimates were proposed. Like model-assisted methods, isotonic designs allow investigators to avoid difficulties associated with pre-trial parametric specifications of model-based designs. The aim of this work is to take a fresh look at an isotonic design in light of the current landscape of model-assisted methods. Methods The isotonic phase I method of Conaway, Dunbar, and Peddada was proposed in 2004 and has been regarded primarily as a design for dose-finding in drug combinations. It has largely been overlooked in the single-agent setting. Given its strong simulation performance in application to more complex dose-finding problems, such as drug combinations and patient heterogeneity, as well as the recent development of user-friendly software to accompany the method, we take a fresh look at this design and compare it to a current model-assisted method. We generated operating characteristics of the Conaway–Dunbar–Peddada method using a new web application developed for simulating and implementing the design and compared it to the recently proposed Keyboard design that is based on toxicity probability intervals. Results The Conaway–Dunbar–Peddada method has better performance in terms of accuracy of dose recommendation and safety in patient allocation in 17 of 20 scenarios considered. The Conaway–Dunbar–Peddada method also allocated fewer patients to doses above the maximum tolerated dose than the Keyboard method in many of scenarios studied. Overall, the performance of the Conaway–Dunbar–Peddada method is strong when compared to the Keyboard method, making it a viable simple alternative to the model-assisted methods developed in recent years. Conclusion The Conaway–Dunbar–Peddada method does not rely on the specification and fitting of a parametric model for the entire dose-toxicity curve to estimate toxicity probabilities as other model-based designs do. It relies on a similar set of pre-trial specifications to toxicity probability interval-based methods, yet unlike model-assisted methods, it is able to borrow information across all dose levels, increasing its efficiency. We hope this concise study of the Conaway–Dunbar–Peddada method, and the availability of user-friendly software, will augment its use in practice.
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Herd, Seth A., Marie T. Banich et Randall C. O'Reilly. « Neural Mechanisms of Cognitive Control : An Integrative Model of Stroop Task Performance and fMRI Data ». Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18, no 1 (1 janvier 2006) : 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892906775250012.

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We address the connection between conceptual knowledge and cognitive control using a neural network model. This model extends a widely held theory of cognitive control [Cohen, J. D., Dunbar, K., & McClelland, J. L. On the control of automatic processes: A parallel distributed processing model of the Stroop effect. Psychological Review, 97, 332-361, 1990] so that it can explain new empirical findings. Leveraging other computational modeling work, we hypothesize that representations used for task control are recruited from preexisting representations for categories, such as the concept of color relevant to the Stroop task we model here. This hypothesis allows the model to account for otherwise puzzling fMRI results, such as increased activity in brain regions processing to-be-ignored information. In addition, biologically motivated changes in the model's pattern of connectivity show how global competition can arise when inhibition is strictly local, as it seems to be in the cortex. We also discuss the potential for this theory to unify models of task control with other forms of attention.
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West, B. J., G. F. Massari, G. Culbreth, R. Failla, M. Bologna, R. I. M. Dunbar et P. Grigolini. « Relating size and functionality in human social networks through complexity ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no 31 (20 juillet 2020) : 18355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2006875117.

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Extensive empirical evidence suggests that there is a maximal number of people with whom an individual can maintain stable social relationships (the Dunbar number). We argue that this arises as a consequence of a natural phase transition in the dynamic self-organization amongNindividuals within a social system. We present the calculated size dependence of the scaling properties of complex social network models to argue that this collective behavior is an enhanced form of collective intelligence. Direct calculation establishes that the complexity of social networks as measured by their scaling behavior is nonmonotonic, peaking around 150, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the value of the Dunbar number. Thus, we establish a theory-based bridge spanning the gap between sociology and psychology.
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Kanne, Stephen M., David A. Balota, Daniel H. Spieler et Mark E. Faust. « Explorations of Cohen, Dunbar, and McClelland's (1990) connectionist model of Stroop performance. » Psychological Review 105, no 1 (1998) : 174–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.105.1.174.

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Iranzi, Joseph, Hanam Son, Youngsoo Lee et Jihoon Wang. « A Nodal Analysis Based Monitoring of an Electric Submersible Pump Operation in Multiphase Flow ». Applied Sciences 12, no 6 (9 mars 2022) : 2825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12062825.

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Electrical submersible pump (ESP) operation is compromised by free gas, resulting in premature pump failure and production losses in new wells. It is essential to detect the onset of abnormal operations. We develop a model that predicts abnormal ESP operation when the free gas level increases in the pump. The model compares operation parameters with the parameters of normal operating ranges; it shuts down the ESP when necessary. We used a Schlumberger PIPESIM software (version 2017.01) to perform nodal analysis technique; we tested the model using the other multiphase correlation model and field case studies (where the gas problem in ESP was reported). We employ a homogenous model to calculate the differential pump pressures at various gas volume fractions. Nodal analysis of the intake and discharge point predicted the commencement of abnormal ESP conditions and the associated parameters (critical gas fraction, minimum operating pump intake pressure, and pump discharge pressure). The model results were similar to other surging correlation models (e.g., Romero, Dunbar, Turpin, Cirilo, and Zhou models); they were also identical to field case studies. We identify three performance stability phases when an ESP is exposed to free gas. These are the normal and abnormal operating ranges, as well as the ESP shutdown condition. Modeling permits careful monitoring of ESP operations that can be compromised by free gas.
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Vollmeyer, Regina, et Joachim Funke. « Personen- und Aufgabenmerkmale beim komplexen Problemlösen ». Psychologische Rundschau 50, no 4 (octobre 1999) : 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026//0033-3042.50.4.213.

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Zusammenfassung. In diesem Überblick werden Ergebnisse zum komplexen Problemlösen dargestellt, die anhand von linearen Systemen gewonnen wurden. Zuerst wird definiert, was lineare Systeme sind. Die Ergebnisse werden getrennt nach Personen- oder Aufgabenmerkmalen aufgeführt. Als Personenmerkmale wurden die Variablen Motivation, Intelligenz und Strategien untersucht, Aufgabenmerkmale waren Semantische Einkleidung, Zielspezifität, Hypothesentesten und Wissenserwerb. Zur Integration der Ergebnisse in ein theoretisches Modell wird auf das Zwei-Räume-Modell von Klahr und Dunbar (1988) verwiesen.
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Ryder, Paul A. « Underspecification in Models of Organizational Effectiveness : Comments on Bresser and Dunbar ». Organization Studies 9, no 2 (avril 1988) : 253–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/017084068800900207.

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Moeng, Emily. « Experimental support for a one-step model of phoneme acquisition ». Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 3, no 1 (3 mars 2018) : 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v3i1.4322.

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Phonetic category acquisition involves a distributional learning mechanism (Maye, Werker, and Gerken 2002). Some researchers suggest that phonetic category acquisition is only the first step in a two-step model of phonological acquisition by modelling these two steps separately (Guenther and Gjaja, 1996; Boersma, Escudero, and Hayes, 2003; Peperkamp, Pettinato, and Dupoux 2003; Peperkamp, Calvez, Nadal, and Dupoux 2006), while others have argued for a one-step model (Dillon, Dunbar, and Idsardi 2013). This experimental study maps the learning trajectory of three groups of adult learners: (1) a group exposed to a bimodal frequency distribution where both halves of the bimodal distribution occur in complementary environments (Bimodal-Comp group), (2) a group exposed to a bimodal frequency distribution where both halves of the bimodal distribution occur in non-complementary environments (Bimodal-NonComp group), and (3) a group exposed to a monomodal frequency distribution (Monomodal group). This study finds support for a one-step model of phoneme acquisition, with the Bimodal-Comp group having lower sensitivities to critical stimuli than even the Monomodal group at all three exposure times tested.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Dunbar's model"

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Toprak, Mustafa. « Big Data Analytics in Online Social Networks to Characterize and Support Smart User Communities ». Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1245288.

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Advancements in Information and Communication Technologies affect all aspects of our lives, such as how we communicate with each other, how we establish social relationships, and even how we organize our professional interactions. This transformation in our daily lives also changes how we engage with the communities we are a member of. These communities are the groups where we meet other people with similar interests. We call these communities "smart" if their members use ICTs to transform their circumstances in a significant way. Recent studies show the importance of understanding the behavior of the smart community members to meet the needs of local communities in terms of services and resources. One of the ways to analyze the behavioral patterns of an individual is to focus on its social relationships. The collection of all the relationships of an individual constitutes their personal network. In this thesis, we exploit the personal networks of online community members based on a well-established framework from evolutionary anthropology, Dunbar's "ego network model". This model stems from the so-called "social brain hypothesis", which postulates that we are limited on how many relationships we can maintain due to the signal-processing capacity of our brains. These relationships have not the same importance for us, and are organized into five concentric "circles" with a decreasing intimacy moving outwards. The thesis consists of three main parts. In the first part, we focus on a specific community on Twitter (journalists from 17 countries), and we study their ego networks. We find that the same behavioral patterns observed for offline social networks also exist for these online community members, with only minimal differences across the countries. In the second part, we propose to exploit the intimacy levels of the personal networks of online community members (video gamers on Twitter, in our case study) to predict their future relationships. In this part, we show that, in the vast majority of cases, leveraging information on the social circles provides significant improvements in the prediction performance. We also validate these findings on generic Twitter users without any community information. In the third part, we bridge the gap between the literature on ego networks and that on multilayer (multicommunity) networks by introducing the concept of multilayer ego networks. Our goal is to assess whether multilayer ego networks feature the same structural regularities observed in single-layers ego networks and to investigate the role that the different layers play in how people interact with each other. Leveraging a Reddit dataset, we show that multilayer ego networks are self-similar and that people accommodate multiple layers by adapting the outermost social circles without significantly affecting the innermost ones.
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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Dunbar's model"

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Gentles, Ian. « The Conquest and Rule of Scotland, 1650–59 ». Dans The New Model Army, 205–36. Yale University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300226836.003.0012.

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This chapter assesses how the Scots grew more and more disenchanted by what they heard of the religious and social radicalism within the army. It examines the implication of Charles I's execution, and how it precipitated a counter-revolutionary realignment of forces in Scotland. A majority of Covenanters—the ‘Kirk party’—joined with Engagers to resist the New Model. The chapter also recounts Cromwell's preparations for the invasion which involved propaganda and logistical support. It demonstrates Cromwell's skill in planting doubts in sincere minds, and weaning many Scots from their attachment to Charles II. The chapter highlights that logistical support was the key to offsetting Cromwell's inferior numbers during their twelve-month campaign. The chapter chronicles Cromwell's preliminary engagements with Musselburgh, the Pentland Hills, and the Battle of Dunbar. It investigates how Cromwell renewed his theological offensive, then looks at how the combination of military action, ideological warfare, and espionage reduced the Kirk party and its army to ruins.
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Bond, Peter L. « A Complex Systems Theory and Model of Distributed Team Development ». Dans Advances in Human Resources Management and Organizational Development, 126–49. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-533-9.ch009.

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Confidence in distributed or virtual team working is running high. However, some concern is evident that practice is leaping ahead of theories to guide its implementation. There are calls for new and improved theories to specifically embrace distributed team working. This chapter is a response to such calls, offering a complex-systems-based model of organization development. This model was originally designed to improve performance of the management of technology and innovation, but also underpins a methodology of community of practice and team development known as the KALiF System. The theory and model described here is mainly a synthesis of established team and community of practice theory, Dunbar’s Social Brain Hypothesis, and elements of complexity science based on the work of the biologists and systems thinkers Humberto Maturana & Francisco Varela, and also Stuart Kaufmann on attenuated supracritical systems.
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Manning, Jane. « SHEILA SILVER (b. 1946)Transcending (1995) ». Dans Vocal Repertoire for the Twenty-First Century, Volume 1, 284–86. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199391028.003.0079.

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This chapter provides an example of Sheila Silver’s work. It features three distinctive, highly contrasting songs—an example of her writing on a smaller canvas—which form a nicely balanced cycle suitable for a flexible baritone with a characterful performing persona. The composer's style is immediately appealing, fluent, and colourful, incorporating a tinge of late romanticism within a modern idiom, but able to switch on the heat and embrace a more pungent rhythmic mode when needed. Standard notation is employed throughout, including time and key signatures. A substantial first song aptly depicts the mercurial moods and movement of the cat in the well-loved Yeats poem. The short, reflective H. D. Thoreau setting is followed by mordant, syncopated dance rhythms that convey the sardonic, bitter message of the final song based on the work of P. L. Dunbar.
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Attridge, Derek. « Chaucer, Gower, and Fifteenth-Century Poetry in English ». Dans The Experience of Poetry, 228–54. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833154.003.0011.

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By the end of the fourteenth century, a sizeable audience for poetry in English among the gentry and the commercial classes had emerged. Chaucer wrote for this readership, and his poetry shows a successful absorption of French and Italian models. This chapter scrutinizes his work for evidence of the manner in which it was performed and received. Throughout his oeuvre, Chaucer appeals to both hearers and readers, using images both of books and of oral performers. His invention of the English iambic pentameter made possible a fuller embodiment in verse of the speaking voice, unlike Gower, who chose to write his major work, Confessio Amantis, in strict tetrameters. In the fifteenth century, the changing pronunciation of English made writing in metre a challenge, as is evident in the work of Hoccleve and Lydgate. The chapter ends with a consideration of the Scottish poets Henryson, Dunbar, and Douglas.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Dunbar's model"

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Baillie, J., T. Coombes et S. Rae. « Dunbar Reservoir Model, A Multidisciplinary Approach to Update Brent Reservoir Description and Modelling ». Dans European 3-D Reservoir Modelling Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/35528-ms.

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