Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Dryocosmus kuriphilu »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Dryocosmus kuriphilu"
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MELIKA, GEORGE, GEORGE I. MEMTSAS, JAMES A. NICHOLLS et DIMITRIOS N. AVTZIS. « New species of cynipid inquiline, Saphonecrus kuriphilusi (Hymenoptera : Cynipidae : Synergini), from Dryocosmus kuriphilus galls in Greece ». Zootaxa 4441, no 1 (26 juin 2018) : 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4441.1.6.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Since Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) emerged worldwide as a dangerous pest of chestnuts, there is only one dubious record from Japan of a cynipid inquiline reared from its galls. This is the first comprehensively documented record of a cynipid inquiline, Saphonecrus kuriphilusi, new species reared from galls of D. kuriphilus in Greece. Morphological description, morphological and molecular diagnostic characters for the new species are given.
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Michal, Pástor, Juhásová Gabriela, Juhás Dušan, Bakay Ladislav, Kollár Ján et Tibor Benčať. « Occurrence of oriental chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) in Slovakia – short communication ». Plant Protection Science 53, No. 4 (30 août 2017) : 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/171/2016-pps.
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During 2014–2016, damage by the oriental chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) was found on sweet chestnut trees at 4 localities in Slovakia. Dryocosmus kuriphilus is a specific plant pest on Castanea spp. In Europe it is considered as the most harmful insect pest on Castanea sativa. It is the first report of the oriental chestnut gall wasp occurrence on chestnut trees in Slovakia.
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Franquinho Aguiar, António M., Délia Cravo, Luís M. F. Dantas et Teresa M. Vieira da Luz. « The Oriental Chestnut Gall-wasp Dryocosmus Kuriphilus Yasumatsu, 1951, (Hymenoptera : Cynipidae) and Its Introduced and Native Parasitoids in Madeira Island, Portugal, with Notes on Some Other Parasitic Hymenoptera Reared from Gall Samples ». Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 158, no 3 (29 juillet 2022) : 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31184/m00138908.1583.4143.
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The accidental introduction to Madeira of the invasive chestnut gall wasp (CGW), Dryocosmus kuriphilus, is reviewed, as is the subsequent biological control programme implemented by the Regional authorities. This control programme was based on the importation of a non-native parasitoid, Torymus sinensis. Results from five years of parasitoid release are presented, including a list of native parasitoid species associated with D. kuriphilus galls in Madeira. Five species of Hymenoptera are listed as new records for Madeira: Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, 1951; Torymus sinensis Kamijo, 1982; Bootanomyia dorsalis (Fabricius, 1798); Colpoclypeus florus (Walker, 1839), and Ufens foersteri (Kryger, 1918).
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Yang, Xiao-Hui, Xiang-Mei Li, Dao-Hong Zhu, Yang Zeng et Lv-Quan Zhao. « The Diversity and Dynamics of Fungi in Dryocosmus kuriphilus Community ». Insects 12, no 5 (10 mai 2021) : 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12050426.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) is a gall wasp that induces insect galls on chestnut trees and results in massive yield losses worldwide. Fungi can cause the necrosis of chestnut trees and the death of gall wasps. The aim of this research was to investigate the potential role of D. kuriphilus in the transmission of fungi. We sequenced the ribosomal RNA internal transcribed spacer region 1 of fungi in D. kuriphilus adults, associated insect galls and the galled twigs of Castanea mollissima, using high-throughput sequencing. We compared the species richness, α-diversity and community structure of fungi in D. kuriphilus adults, insect galls and the galled twigs. We provide the first evidence that D. kuriphilus adults shared most fungal species with associated insect galls and the galled twigs, and were dominated by Botryosphaeria sp., Aspergillus sp. and Diaporthe sp. We suggest D. kuriphilus adults may be potential vectors of plant pathogens and may facilitate the transmission of fungi between chestnut trees. Furthermore, the fungi may horizontally transmit among D. kuriphilus adults, associated insect galls and the galled twigs.
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Skrypnyk, N., et O. Marieva. « Eastern chestnuts nuts — dangerous chestnut pest ». Karantin i zahist roslin, no 5-6 (20 mai 2019) : 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2019.5-6.5-8.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Goal. Determine the main ways of entry into the country of the dangerous quarantine type of eastern chestnut walnut-fruit (Asian chestnut gall Trach).
Methods. Analytical informational messages of the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), as well as data of EU phytosanitary services, literature and Internet resources.
Results. Information is given on the new economically important species of Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yas., which is rapidly spreading in the countries of Europe. In Ukraine, the eastern chestnut nut walnut has a quarantine status. The threat of entering the species Dryocosmus kuriphilus with planting material (seedlings) of certain types of chestnuts from European countries in Ukraine exists. The absence of natural enemies contributes to the active resettlement of the pest. The focus should be on the study of the entomophages of the walnutworm. It is known that in Japan it is found in 26 species of parasitoids that control reproduction, in China — 11, in Korea and Italy — 15 species. The rapid spread of the pest in the EU is of great concern to scientists. The lack of natural enemies, as well as effective drugs approved for use, threaten the disappearance of chestnut plantations. The experience of some European countries shows that it effectively regulates the number of its specialized Torymus sinensis parasitoids, which was introduced into Europe from China and Japan.
Conclusions There is a danger of entering into Ukraine the species Dryocosmus kuriphilus, which has quarantine status and is a threat to chestnut plantations.
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Yang, Xiaohui, Yu Hui, Daohong Zhu, Yang Zeng, Lvquan Zhao, Xuemei Yang et Yumei Wang. « The Diversity of Bacteria Associated with the Invasive Gall Wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus, Its Galls and a Specialist Parasitoid on Chestnuts ». Insects 13, no 1 (13 janvier 2022) : 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13010086.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) induces galls on chestnut trees, which results in massive yield losses worldwide. Torymus sinensis (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) is a host-specific parasitoid that phenologically synchronizes with D. kuriphilus. Bacteria play important roles in the life cycle of galling insects. The aim of this research is to investigate the bacterial communities and predominant bacteria of D. kuriphilus, T. sinensis, D. kuriphilus galls and the galled twigs of Castanea mollissima. We sequenced the V5–V7 region of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA in D. kuriphilus, T. sinensis, D. kuriphilus galls and galled twigs using high-throughput sequencing for the first time. We provide the first evidence that D. kuriphilus shares most bacterial species with T. sinensis, D. kuriphilus galls and galled twigs. The predominant bacteria of D. kuriphilus are Serratia sp. and Pseudomonas sp. Furthermore, the bacterial community structures of D. kuriphilus and T. sinensis clearly differ from those of the other groups. Many species of the Serratia and Pseudomonas genera are plant pathogenic bacteria, and we suggest that D. kuriphilus may be a potential vector of plant pathogens. Furthermore, a total of 111 bacteria are common to D. kuriphilus adults, T. sinensis, D. kuriphilus galls and galled twigs, and we suggest that the bacteria may transmit horizontally among D. kuriphilus, T. sinensis, D. kuriphilus galls and galled twigs on the basis of their ecological associations.
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Jennings, M. T., et R. R. Askew. « Recruitment of native parasitoids by an introduced gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, 1951 (Hymenoptera : Cynipidae) in Britain and France ». Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 156, no 2 (24 avril 2020) : 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31184/m00138908.1562.4034.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The invasive chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) is a major pest species of Castanea spp. worldwide. It only arrived in Britain in 2015 and the parasitoid community associated with it was studied in 2019. Eight native species of chalcidoid, previously known to be associated with oak gall wasps, were identified. These results are compared to a similar study (2016–2019) in France where four parasitoids were reared. However, this community included the deliberately introduced Torymus sinensis Kamijo, a specific biological control agent of D. kuriphilus. The presence of T. sinensis and the differences between the two communities is discussed.
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Amorim, Amaro, Raúl Rodrigues, Leonel J. R. Nunes, Mariano Freitas et Luísa Moura. « Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera : Cynipidae) in Minho (Northern Portugal) : Bioecology, Native Parasitoid Communities and Biological Control with Torymus sinensis Kamijo (Hymenoptera : Torymidae) ». Agronomy 12, no 9 (15 septembre 2022) : 2184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092184.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Asian chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, native to China, was first detected in Europe in Italy in 2002. In Portugal it was declared in 2014, and it has since affected the Portuguese chestnut production. The introduction of its natural parasitoid Torymus sinensis Kamijo started through inoculative releases according to the National Action Plan for the Control of Dryocosmus kuriphilus, established by the Direção Geral de Agricultura e Veterenária (DGAV), in 2015. This research was carried out during 2018 and 2019, in five chestnut orchards in the Minho region (Northern Portugal). Between January and March 2018, at each location, three monthly harvests of 100 buds were carried out to determine the infestation level. Between April and June 2018, 240 galls were harvested every two weeks, with the purpose of studying the bioecology of D. kuriphilus. In each sampling site, 160 galls were placed in emergence boxes to follow adults of the D. kuriphilus population, and 80 galls were dissected with a binocular magnifying glass, to count and record the evolution of the larval stages of D. kuriphilus and of the parasitoids. The identification of T. sinensis and native parasitoids was carried out. The parasitism rates and Simpson diversity indices were determined. The percentage of buds infested by D. kuriphilus was high in all studied places, varying between 67% and 80%, regardless of the number of T. sinensis releases made and of the chestnut cultivars present in each orchard. The highest rate of parasitism by T. sinensis was 0.5044% and it was recorded in an orchard where there were two releases of T. sinensis in 2016 and 2017 (Arcos de Valdevez—Rio Cabrão—P1). Considering that the exotic parasitoid has already been released in the region since 2016, its establishment in all the chestnut orchards studied was confirmed, although with very low parasitism rates. The natural parasitism associated with the native parasitoid species of D. kuriphilus was confirmed in this work, recording values between 34% and 51% of the parasitized chestnut galls, with 11 species of native parasitoids having been identified: Eupelmus azureos, Eupelmus uruzonus, Eurytoma brunnivientris, Eurytoma pistaciae, Megastigmus dorsalis, Mesopolobus sp., Ormyrus pomaceus, Sycophila biguttata, Sycophila iracemae, Sycophila variegatta and Torymus flavipes.
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Warmund, Michele R. « Dryocosmus kuriphilus-induced Chestnut Galls and Their Inhabitants ». HortScience 48, no 8 (août 2013) : 969–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.48.8.969.
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Studies were conducted to characterize altered tissues of larvae-infested buds and stem and leaf galls induced by Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu on Chinese chestnut trees (Castanea mollissima Blume) and to describe gall inhabitants. Bud and gall samples were collected from chestnut trees growing in Mantua, OH, on 2 Mar. and 3 May 2012, respectively, and prepared for microscopy. Uni- and multilocular larval chambers containing one D. kuriphilus larva per chamber were observed in buds and stem galls. Evidence of insect-modified Castanea cells was present as a two-layer zone of hypertrophied plant cells adjacent to the larval chambers before budbreak on 2 Mar. By 3 May, stem and leaf galls were in the growth and differentiation stage of development. Within galls, torn cell walls and disorganized organelles were visible in the protoplasm of cells surrounding ovoid-shaped larval chambers. A continuous layer of nutritive cells with large nuclei and nucleoli, abundant lipid bodies and mitochondria, and fragmented vacuoles was contiguous to larval chambers. At the outermost region of the nutritive tissue, cells had recently divided. Larger vacuolated cells, with slightly thickened walls, were observed surrounding recently divided cells. Thin-walled parenchyma cells in the chestnut gall cortex had large vacuoles with fewer organelles than those of the nutritive layer. Vascular tissue within the gall was connected with that of the plant host tissue outside the gall. In some chestnut galls, a single parasitoid larva was found attached to a D. kuriphilus larva. Each parasitoid larva had six pairs of setae on its head capsule, a pair of clypeal setae, a notched labrum, a semicircular lobed labium, 13 post-cephalic body segments, and rows of long, erect setae on all body segments.
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BERNARDO, UMBERTO, LIBERATA GUALTIERI, FRANCESCO NUGNES, ELISA VERDOLINI, PAOLA RIOLO et GENNARO VIGGIANI. « A new species of Soikiella Nowicki (Hymenoptera : Trichogrammatidae) from Italy ». Zootaxa 4242, no 1 (9 mars 2017) : 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4242.1.10.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A new species of Soikiella Nowicki (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) that emerged mostly from galls induced by Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on chestnut is described from Italy. The characterization of the new taxon, Soikiella italica Viggiani sp. n., was performed through a morpho-molecular approach. A key to the species of Soikiella is given. Emerging from the same samples were a few females of an unidentified species of Trichogramma Westwood that likely emerged from eggs of Lepidoptera associated with the galls. The true host of S. italica is also indicated to be the eggs of some insect other than D. kuriphilus that uses their galls as oviposition sites.
Thèses sur le sujet "Dryocosmus kuriphilu"
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Graziosi, Ignazio. « INVASIVENESS OF AN EXOTIC GALL WASP IS INFLUENCED BY INTERACTIONS WITH EXOTIC AND ENDEMIC ORGANISMS ». UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/entomology_etds/15.
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American chestnut was once a crucial component of North American forests, but it was functionally eliminated by the introduction of the chestnut blight fungus. Chestnut is recently experiencing resurgence, but the introduced Asian chestnut gall wasp, a specialist herbivore, threatens chestnut recovery. I characterized this invasion and the interactions developing with host associates as the gall wasp spread in North America. Gall wasp dispersal is attributable to host plant distribution, effects of prevailing winds during adult insect emergence, and to topography. This knowledge may be useful to more accurately predict locations of future gall wasp infestations. Gall wasp invasiveness is also affected by its ability to modulate reproduction and reallocate nutritive resources for body maintenance and egg quality. The gall wasp can form galls of different shape and structure based on population levels and parasitism pressure, in order to optimize fitness. Simple, uni-lobed galls are formed when population pressure is low, and complex, multi-lobed galls are formed when gall wasp populations are high. A fungal plant pathogen, identified as Colletotrichum sp., infects galls and acts as an opportunistic entomopathogen, causing gall wasp mortality while sparing the parasitoid. A non-native torymid parasitic wasp has been deployed for biological control. Using a Y-olfactometer I demonstrated that a combination of olfactory and visual cues from chestnut galls and chestnut foliage is required for parasitoid adults to locate hosts. In addition, I evaluated interactions between the gall wasp and stem cankers on chestnut. Using potted Chinese chestnut seedlings with or without gall wasp or a native Nectria cankering pathogen, I found that the gall wasp has a negative impact on plant fitness, and a positive impact on fungal fitness. My work helps elucidate ecological mechanisms underlying the success of the exotic Asian chestnut gall wasp in North America, and adds to our knowledge base characterizing evolving ecological interactions between native and introduced species.
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GAFFURI, FRANCESCA. « Incidence and effects of Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds 1968, in Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yatsumatsu (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) galls on Castanea sativa Mill ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1214833.
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Castanea sativa Mill., is a typical nut crop of the Mediterranean basin and one of the most common forest trees in the hilly parts of Italy (Borghetti et al., 1986). In Lombardy, is present in Como, Lecco, Sondrio, Varese, Pavia and Brescia provincies mainly in mixed forests (Boriani et al.,2013). C.sativa is one of the best example of a forest tree species threatened by invasive pathogens and insect pests, with major impacts caused by Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill M.E.) Barr, Phytophthora spp. and Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (ACGW) (Turchetti et al., 2008).
ACGW causes on C.sativa, galls on young twigs, on leaf petioles or on leaves. They measure 5-20 mm in diameter and are green or rose-colour and are readily detected on plants. In 2014, during the insect monitoring, the occurrence of Colletotrichum acutatum in necrotized galls of ACGW in chestnut stands was recorded for the first time in Italy (Gaffuri et al., 2015). Thus, the overall goal of this work, has been to investigate the necrotized galls in order to isolate and identify the causative agent. Consequently, it has been necessary to organize a monitoring and sampling of shoots bark and galls on C.sativa.
For the first time, we discoved C.acutatum in Lombardia and Trentino orchards, and from monitoring data, this fungus was found to be spread in all chestnut-growing areas monitored on necrotic galls. Furthermore, during this survey, single or few nuts showed a still undescribed symptom: “Pink rot”, a clear and sometimes intense pink coloration of the endosperm. This symptoms never been reported previously.
C.acutatum is commonly found on cultivated and weeds plants and it was associated to anthracnosis, with subsequent and progressive necrosis of green tissues. However, these symptoms were not observed on chestnut. Since this study represents the first reporting of C.acutatum in chestnut and galls of ACGW, other molecular analysis on barcode genes were necessary to confirm the identification. The genus Colletotrichum has undergone frequent taxonomic changes in the past decades with the merging and addition of many species (Baroncelli et al., 2017) and now are recognized as species complex (Damm et al., 2012).
A total of 360 samples from shoots and necrotic or healthy galls were taken in order to determine the presence of fungi. From the isolation it was possible to identify the presence of cultures referred to Colletotrichum sp. in nineteen area out of the monitored forty. Positive isolation of other fungi as Trichoderma sp, Fusarium sp., Cryphonectria parasitica and Gnomognopsis sp. were generally obtained in all the areas. Colletotrichum coltures were obtained from the province of Trento, Bergamo, Como and Lecco. Molecular analisys of Colletotrichum isolates have been identified as C. fioiriniae and the analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), tubulin (TUB) and calmodulin (CAL) nucleotide sequence data strongly supported these results.
C. fioriniae, as shown in Baroncelli et al., 2014, belongs to C. acutatum species complex and from recorded data, we can state that C.fioriniae is present in Italy on C.sativa. Despite C.fioriniae causes anthracnose on different plants (Pszczółkowska et al.,2016) to date, there is still no correlation between symptoms and the presence of C.acutatum on C.sativa though it was observed a specific symptom called “pink rot“ (Gaffuri et al., 2016). The discovering of this almost worldwide pathogen associated to a new symptomatology on chestnuts confirms a possible risk related to its presence, because the endophytic isolates showed the same pathogenicity of those obtained from infected nuts. Considering the potential pathogenic role of this fungus, many questions still remain unanswered: its presence on healthy chestnut trees opens interesting views on its ecological role and impact both on chestnut ecosystem and on other host.
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Fernandez-Conradi, Pilar. « Diversité des arbres et résistance des forêts aux invasions biologiques : application au chataignier et son complexe de bioagresseurs exotiques, chancre (Cryphonectria parasitica) et cynips (Dryocosmus Kuriphilus) ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0940/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les plantes sont au centre d’une grande diversité d’interactions biotiques entre organismes plus ou moins proches qui les exploitent en tant que ressources. L’objectif de cette thèse a été de comprendre comment les infections fongiques de la plante et la diversité des arbres en forêt modifient les interactions arbres-insectes. Nous avons tout d’abord effectué une méta-analyse pour poser le cadre théorique des effets indirects des infections fongiques sur les insectes herbivores associés aux mêmes plantes hôtes. L'effet de l’infection préalable des plantes par les champignons sur les préférences et performances des insectes s’avère généralement négatif. Cependant, la magnitude de cet effet délétère varie selon le mode de vie du champignon, la guilde trophique de l’insecte et la spatialité des interactions (interactions locales vs distantes). Nous avons ensuite analysé de façon empirique les interactions tripartites entre le châtaignier européen (Castanea sativa) et deux de ses bioagresseurs exotiques: le cynips (Dryocosmus kuriphilus), insecte galligène, et Cryphonectria parasitica, champignon pathogène responsable de la maladie du chancre. L'effet sur les taux d’infestation par le cynips de la composition spécifique en essences forestières des forêts de châtaigniers atteintes de chancre a été également étudié. Afin d'identifier les mécanismes sous-jacents aux effets de la diversité des forêts sur cet insecte invasif, les communautés d'insectes parasitoïdes et de champignons endophytes présents dans les galles ont été décrites. Les taux d’infection par le cynips étaient plus faibles dans les mélanges de châtaignier avec du chêne et du frêne que dans des parcelles de châtaignier monospécifiques ou dans les mélanges avec du pin. La composition des forêts influence aussi la composition des communautés de parasitoïdes associés aux galles du cynips mais pas leur abondance, richesse ou diversité. Les communautés de champignons endophytes des galles, étudiées par des méthodes de séquençage de nouvelle génération, sont indépendantes de la composition forestière. Par contre, celles présentes dans les galles différent fortement de celles des tissus foliaires adjacents. Nous avons ainsi apporté de nouvelles preuves que la diversité des plantes et les champignons pathogènes sont des facteurs clés déterminant les interactions plantes-insectes. Etudier comment les plantes interagissent avec leurs insectes et champignons associés, et les mécanismes sous-jacents à l’effet de la diversité des plantes sur ces interactions, doit permettre de mieux comprendre les relations entre diversité et fonctionnement des écosystèmes et de proposer des applications pour la gestion des bio-agresseurs forestiers natifs et exotiquesPlants are the playground of a large diversity of biotic interactions between related and unrelated organisms exploiting them as common resources. The aim of this thesis was to understand how plant-insect interactions vary with fungal infection of their host plant and plant diversity. I first performed a meta-analysis to provide a theoretical background for plant-mediated effects of fungal infection on herbivorous insects. Overall, I found a negative plant-mediated effect of fungi on both insect preference and performance. However, this effect varied according to fungus lifestyle, insect feeding guild and spatial location of the interactions (local vs distant). Then I experimentally tested plant-fungus-insect tripartite interactions in the particular case of exotic bio-aggressors of the European chestnut (Castanea sativa): the Asian chestnut Gall Wasp (ACGW, Dryocosmus kuriphilus), and the fungal pathogen Cryphonectria parasitica, the causal agent of chestnut blight. I performed an observational study, in natural chestnut forest stands in Italy, where I tested how ACGW infestation rates vary with the tree species composition. I also investigated the mechanisms underlying plant diversity effects on the invasive pest, with a particular focus on its natural enemies such as insect parasitoids and endophytic fungi. ACGW infestation rates was lower in oak and ash chestnut mixtures compared to monocultures or pine-chestnut mixtures. Plot composition also influenced ACGW parasitoid community composition but not their abundances, diversity or richness. Endophytic communities of galls, described by using next generation sequencing methods, did not vary with plot composition. However, they strongly differed from surrounding leaf tissues. We thus provided evidence that plant diversity and fungal pathogens are key drivers of plant-insect interactions. Understanding how plants interact with associated insects and fungi, and mechanisms underlying plant diversity effect on these interactions, will improve our knowledge on diversity-ecosystem functioning relationships and will have practical applications for the management of native and exotic forest pests
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BRACALINI, MATTEO. « Understanding Alien Pests : the Challenge of Complementary Research on Dryocosmus kuriphilus and Leptoglossus occidentalis in Italy ». Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/957158.
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The results presented in this dissertation allow to better understand the outbreak dynamics of the ACGW, as well as the importance of different chestnut cultivar susceptibility. Furthermore, studying the role of native parasitoids is crucial to assess the impact of T. sinensis on endemic ACGW natural enemies once the exotic parasitoid colonizes these areas, either naturally or by future introductions. As regards the WCSB two highly specific DNA-based diagnostic protocols were devised, showing a promising sensitivity in the detection of WCSB biological traces. In addition, the potential of HRM analysis for insect genotyping was highlighted.
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Cardoso, João Filipe Soares. « The endemic parasitoids of the chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera : Cynipidae) in Portugal and biocontrol with Torymus sinensis Kamijo (Hymenoptera : Torymidae) ». Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/73648.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dissertação de mestrado em EcologiaThe chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) is a gall inducing insect original from China that attacks the Castanea genus and can significantly hinder production of chestnut trees. Because of its characteristic life cycle, in which D. kuriphilus spends most of its life inside the protection of its galls, the use of conventional methods of pest control, such as pesticides, is highly ineffective, making biocontrol methods the only viable option for the management of this pest. The most effective and used method of biocontrol of D. kuriphilus is based on the releases of Torymus sinensis Kamijo (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), a natural parasitoid of D. kuriphilus also original from China. This work aims to study the communities of native parasitoids associated with D. kuriphilus, the effect of the presence of oak trees in their communities and their effectiveness in the pest control, as well as the effect of T. sinensis releases in the populations of D. kuriphilus in the Portuguese region of Entre Douro e Minho. To analyse the communities of native parasitoids, 9 sampling sites were selected in 3 counties (Braga, Barcelos and St. Tirso) in the Entre Douro e Minho region, 4 of which had the presence of oak trees. To evaluate the effect of T. sinensis in the populations of D. kuriphilus, 3 releases were made in 3 sites in the Barcelos and Viana do Castelo counties. Some correlation has been found between the presence of oak trees in the surroundings of the sampling sites and the diversity and abundance of native parasitoid species found in galls in chestnut trees, and between this diversity and abundance and the number of D. kuriphilus found. Presence of T. sinensis was found in the 3 out of 3 sites of release one year after the releases, and in 2 out of 3 sites two years after the releases. No effect was noticed in the populations of D. kuriphilus neither on the native parasitoids communities in the 3 sites. Further studies are needed both in the analysis of the native parasitoid communities associated with D. kuriphilus and to better comprehend the effects of T. sinensis releases in the D. kuriphilus populations and its associated native parasitoid communities.
A vespa-das-galhas-do-castanheiro Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) é um inseto originário da China que ataca espécies do género Castanea e que prejudica significativamente a produção dos castanheiros. Devido ao seu ciclo de vida, no qual D. kuriphilus passa a maioria da sua vida no interior dos gomos e das galhas, o uso de métodos de controlo convencionais, como recurso ao uso de pesticidas, são extremamente ineficazes, pelo que métodos de controlo biológicos são a única opção viável para o controlo desta praga. O método de biocontrolo mais usado e eficaz é baseado em largadas de Torymus sinensis Kamijo (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), um parasitoide específico de D. kuriphilus no seu habitat natural. Este trabalho procura estudar a comunidade de parasitoides nativos associados a D. kuriphilus, o efeito da presença de carvalhos na composição destas comunidades e a sua ação de biocontrolo, assim como o efeito do tratamento biológico com T. sinensis nas populações de D. kuriphilus na região Portuguesa de Entre Douro e Minho. Para analisar as comunidades dos parasitoides autóctones, foram selecionados 9 locais de amostragem em três concelhos (Braga, Barcelos e St. Tirso) da região de Entre Douro e Minho, dos quais quatro tinham a presença de carvalhos. Para avaliar o efeito de T. sinensis nas populações de D. kuriphilus, foram feitas três largadas em três locais nos concelhos de Barcelos e Viana do Castelo. Foi encontrada correlação entre a presença de carvalhos e a diversidade e abundância de parasitoides nativos encontrados em galhas de castanheiro, assim como entre a diversidade e abundância destas comunidades no número de D. kuriphilus encontrados. No que se refere ao tratamento biológico, foram encontrados T. sinensis nos três locais de largada um ano após as largadas, e em dois dos três locais dois anos após as largadas. Nenhum efeito foi notado nas populações de D. kuriphilus nem nas comunidades de parasitoides nativos nos três locais. Estudos posteriores serão necessários tanto para analisar as comunidades dos parasitoides associados a D. kuriphilus e para melhor compreender os efeitos das largadas de T. sinensis nas populações de D. kuriphilus e nas comunidades dos seus parasitoides autóctones.
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Lin, Jhen-Ruei, et 林振睿. « The chemical control of Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera : Cynipidae) based on phenology of Castanea mollissima Blume and the taxonomy of its parasitoid wasps in Taiwan ». Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93456593104405416807.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立中興大學
昆蟲學系所
105
Chestnut gall wasp (CGW), Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatus, is a newly invasive gall-inducing pest in Taiwan. This species has invaded several countries in northern temperate zone which includes Japan, Korea, USA, and Italy for decades, and caused major economic injury of chestnut (Castanea). In these areas, the adults emerged from galls during June to September, laying eggs in the new buds of chestnut. After hatching, they feed inside the bud and induce the internal change of bud. The larvae become dormant during October until the next April within the plant. The adults emerge in late May and they stay inside for 10–15 days before leaving the gall. As Taiwan is located in subtropical region and the southmost distribution of chestnut in northern hemisphere, the phenology of chestnut is different from temperate countries. Therefore, the life cycle of CGW may differ and the past experience of controling CGW might have to adjust in Taiwan. In this study, my focus is to investigate the life cycle of CGW in Taiwan, to test the effectiveness of chemical control based on the host phenology, and to understand the occurrence of parasitoid of CGW. Field investigation shows that, the adult CGW emerged from galls and lay eggs in mid-May to July. The larvae enter dormancy after hatching until next mid-March. In early-May the adult emerged, and leave galls in about 15 days. This life cycle style is shorter and earlier compared to the population in other countries in temperate zone. Additionally, some galls could develop into early galls in October, and these adults would emerge in the next mid-April. These differences suggest that timing of chemical control in other countries should be adjusted when applying in Taiwan. I use imidacloprid and deltamethrin diluted to 1000× and 2000× for field trials,examining how pesticides working on various larval stages when the host is in different phenological stages, and the effectiveness of pesticides when the adults emerged from galls. After applying pesticides during peak period of adult emergence, infection rate decline to 15%. When pesticides applied on the buds before apparent gall developing, the rate of fatality could reach 60–80%. It is apparently much better then applying on developed galls (2%). The results suggest that a particularity pattern of CGW life cycle in Taiwan and the right timing of application is essential for a successful chemical control. All of other invaded countries has recorded that CGW could recruit local parasitoid wasps. There is a major parasitoid wasp Torymus sp. nr. beneficus found in the chestnut orchards of Taiwan. It had a perfect match life cycle with CGW, and occurred in both normal growing galls and early galls. There is an increasing rate of parasitism by Torymus sp. nr. beneficus during research years, which suggests a better adaptation of the parasitoid on CGW. As two parasitoid wasps morphologically near species T. beneficus Yasumatsu & Kamijo and Megastigmus nipponicus Yasumatsu & Kamijo were found feeding on both CGW and other native gall wasps in Taiwan, applying DNA barcoding and morphological characters would be helpful to clarify whether CGW recruit native parasitoid wasps. Analyses using their COI and ITS2 genesand compare with sequences of the same species and similar species in Genbank revealled that parasitoid wasps on CGW and on native gall wasp were in different monophyletic group. Some minor morphological differences also support this result, suggesting that T. beneficus sp. nr. is a cryptic species. These parasitoid wasps could be a potential biocontrol agent for CGW. Further research on their biology and ecology would be necessary to achieve ideal effect in practical application.
Livres sur le sujet "Dryocosmus kuriphilu"
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Japan-Italy Joint International Symposium "A Global Serious Pest of Chestnut Trees, Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow (2009 Tsukuba, Japan). A global serious pest of chestnut trees, dryocosmus kuriphilus : Yesterday, today and tomorrow : proceedings of the Japan-Italy Joint International Symposium, held at Tsukuba, Japan, on November 24-25, 2009. [Tsukuba] : National Agricultural Research Center, 2010.
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Борзих, Олександр, et Наталія Скрипник. Виявлення та ідентифікація східної каштанової горіхотворки Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu. Інститут захисту рослин НААН, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/udc632.51/dryocosmus-kuriphilus.izr.2020.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Наведено відомості про поширення, шкідливість, морфологічні та біологічні особливості східної каштанової горіхотворки Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu. Для визначення видової належності подано діагностичні ознаки. Робота становить теоретичний та практичний інтерес для фахівців захисту і карантину рослин, спеціалістів фітосанітарних лабораторій, керівників та спеціалістів господарств, студентів, науковців та викладачів сільськогосподарських вузів.
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Борзих, Олександр, et Наталія Скрипник. Виявлення та ідентифікація східної каштанової горіхотворки Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu. Інститут захисту рослин НААН, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/udc632.51/dryocosmus.izr.2020.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Наведено відомості про поширення, шкідливість, морфологічні та біологічні особливості східної каштанової горіхотворки Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu. Для визначення видової належності подано діагностичні ознаки. Робота становить теоретичний та практичний інтерес для фахівців захисту і карантину рослин, спеціалістів фітосанітарних лабораторій, керівників та спеціалістів господарств, студентів, науковців та викладачів сільськогосподарських вузів.