Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Domain specific facet »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Domain specific facet"
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Seltzer, Benjamin K., Deniz S. Ones et Arkun Tatar. « Using personality facets to understand the nature of personality-satisfaction relationships ». Career Development International 22, no 5 (11 septembre 2017) : 477–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-08-2017-0141.
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Purpose The relationships between the Big Five personality traits and life and job satisfaction have been examined extensively. Despite this attention, however, most existing theories focus on a few global dimensions of the Big Five while relying primarily upon a selection of theoretically relevant but unmeasured facets to illuminate their factor-level explanations. The purpose of this paper is to examine personality–satisfaction relationships for job and life domains at the facet level to better identify and explain why certain global Big Five traits consistently relate to satisfaction, taking both factors and facets into account. Design/methodology/approach Data from over 20 specific occupational samples were pooled meta-analytically to examine personality facet of job/life satisfaction relationships and their generalizability. Bifactor latent variable modeling using meta-analytic input was used to examine independent contributions of general and unique personality facets. Findings The dominance facet of extraversion, low self-esteem facet of neuroticism, and responsibility facet of conscientiousness were most closely related to satisfaction variables. There were independent contributions of general and unique facet level personality–satisfaction relations for the neuroticism and conscientiousness domains, but not for the extraversion domain. Research limitations/implications Findings contribute to the literature on the bandwidth–fidelity dilemma in measuring personality and theories involving personality at work. Originality/value This study established the generalizability of Big Five traits–satisfaction relations and identified the empirically supported personality paths to understanding job and life satisfaction. This study also demonstrated how meta-analysis can be combined with bifactor models to understand substantive relations.
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Wei, Bifan, Jun Liu, Qinghua Zheng, Wei Zhang, Chenchen Wang et Bei Wu. « DF-Miner : Domain-specific facet mining by leveraging the hyperlink structure of Wikipedia ». Knowledge-Based Systems 77 (mars 2015) : 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2015.01.001.
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Schnick-Vollmer, Kathleen, Stefanie Berger, Franziska Bouley, Sabine Fritsch, Bernhard Schmitz, Jürgen Seifried et Eveline Wuttke. « Modeling the Competencies of Prospective Business and Economics Teachers ». Zeitschrift für Psychologie 223, no 1 (janvier 2015) : 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000196.
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Despite the important role that teachers’ professional competencies play, domain-specific models of competence as well as established instruments to measure such competencies are lacking (e.g., Blömeke, Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia, Kuhn, & Fege, 2013 ). For this reason, a domain-specific model of competence and an instrument to measure prospective business and economics teachers’ professional competence in the domain of accounting was developed. This article focuses on the measurement of professional knowledge, which is a key facet of teachers’ professional competence. A corresponding test instrument is introduced and its measurement quality is reported. The test instrument used at 24 German universities (N = 1.158) comprises 49 items, distributed among different booklets following a multi-matrix design. All items have well functioning parameter values. In accordance with our hypothesis, a two-dimensional model fits the data best. The reliabilities of .64 (content knowledge) and .64 (pedagogical content knowledge) are satisfying. Thus, the developed instrument allows to gain a detailed understanding of prospective teachers’ professional knowledge in accounting.
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Krnjaic, Zora. « Towards the determination of capabilities relevant for expert thinking ». Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja 38, no 1 (2006) : 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi0601045k.
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The paper starts from the assumption that expert thinking is a complex manner of thinking of higher order, comprising higher mental functions and complex capabilities based on deep structures and knowledge patterns. It is a domain-determined and specialized thinking developed through systematic education. Particular aspects of ability, selected for this study, primarily concern the relation between abilities and knowledge and the relation between general and specific abilities. Particular emphasis was laid on the key concepts of the theories presented, relevant for the study of the complex nature of expert thinking. Special attention was paid to mediated intelligence and the process of systemogenesis of knowledge, Katel?s definition of crystallized intelligence, Gardener?s work on multiple intelligences in the context of knowledge and experience as well as Sternberg?s two-facet subtheory. The capability for abstract thought and the ability to select what is important as well as the domain of relevant specific capability are assumed to be of special relevance for understanding expert thinking and, as such, they were articulated and examined. Expert thinking-abstract, specialized and domain-specific, seems to be based on general and specific capabilities and their interaction.
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Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia, Olga, Sebastian Brückner, Marie-Theres Nagel, Ann-Kathrin Bültmann, Jennifer Fischer, Susanne Schmidt et Dimitar Molerov. « PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT AND DIGITAL TRAINING FRAMEWORK FOR YOUNG PROFESSIONALS' GENERIC AND DOMAIN-SPECIFIC ONLINE REASONING IN LAW, MEDICINE, AND TEACHER PRACTICE ». Journal of Supranational Policies of Education (JoSPoE), no 13 (16 juillet 2021) : 9–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/jospoe2021.13.001.
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In the digital age, the Internet is increasingly considered a major information source. This is especially true for informal, e.g., post-university, learning. Evidentially, young professionals are increasingly using online sources as an information and learning tool. Critical reasoning from online information for learning and professional processes in the domains of medicine, law, and teaching is considered a highly relevant competence facet. For example, staying up to date on a multitude of matters, e.g., published in articles and guidelines, as is the case in the medical field, can be challenging when the required competencies to use online media are absent (e.g., Allen et al. 2005, O'Carroll et al. 2015). Current research on students in higher education indicates substantial deficits in their critical online reasoning skills, also among graduates. However, online information seeking and corresponding competencies of young professionals in job-specific educational processes have not been researched yet. There is a lack of both valid domain-specific assessments for different professions and learning tools that can effectively foster the competent use of online information in practice among young professionals. Our research presented here is part of the collaborative BRIDGE project, which is conducted under the umbrella of the program "Research for the Design of Educational Processes under the Conditions of Digital Change." This study is based on our previous work on the assessment of generic skills in higher education in the international projects CLA+, iPAL, and CORA as well as on experiences with job-specific performance assessments from the research programs KoKoHs and ASCOT+, which measured professional competence. To validly measure critical online reasoning among young professionals from three domains — medicine, law, and teacher training —we develop new computer-based online performance assessments and corresponding training tools. The specific aim is to analyze to what extent they improve in using online information with greater reflection when creating job-specific documents after an online training based on process and performance data (using innovative approaches, such as text mining and educational data mining). In this paper, we showcase the conceptual and assessment framework of the newly developed innovative tools to measure and promote generic and domain-specific online reasoning among young professionals in medicine, law, and teacher education. Based on this framework, we discuss how these crucial professional competence facets can be validly measured and effectively fostered in practice.
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Hoffmann, Anke, et Dietmar Spengler. « A New Coactivator Function for Zac1's C2H2 Zinc Finger DNA-Binding Domain in Selectively Controlling PCAF Activity ». Molecular and Cellular Biology 28, no 19 (28 juillet 2008) : 6078–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00842-08.
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ABSTRACT The generally accepted paradigm of transcription by regulated recruitment defines sequence-specific transcription factors and coactivators as separate categories that are distinguished by their abilities to bind DNA autonomously. The C2H2 zinc finger protein Zac1, with an established role in canonical DNA binding, also acts as a coactivator. Commensurate with this function, p73, which is related to p53, is here shown to recruit Zac1, together with the coactivators p300 and PCAF, to the p21Cip1 promoter during the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into neurons. In the absence of autonomous DNA binding, Zac1's zinc fingers stabilize the association of PCAF with p300, suggesting its scaffolding function. Furthermore, Zac1 regulates the affinities of PCAF substrates as well as the catalytic activities of PCAF to induce a selective switch in favor of histone H4 acetylation and thereby the efficient transcription of p21Cip1. These results are consistent with an authentic coactivator function of Zac1's C2H2 zinc finger DNA-binding domain and suggest coactivation by sequence-specific transcription factors as a new facet of transcriptional control.
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Woods, Amanda, Chelsea Iwig, Julie Dinh et Eduardo Salas. « Informing the Development of a Safety and Performance Metric Selection Toolkit ». Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no 1 (septembre 2016) : 1354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601312.
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Ensuring safety and optimal performance in Long Distance and Duration Exploration Missions (LDDEM) is critical to enabling success in future missions. However, selecting appropriate metrics for assessing safety and performance remains a challenge. The current research endeavor aims to address this challenge through the development of a metric selection tool architecture. Prior to the current facet of metric toolkit development, a systematic review of NASA documents and literature aided in identifying overarching themes for measuring human-automation interaction. However, many of the studies found in this literature review, were not specific to the spaceflight domain. Since this toolkit is being constructed to serve a specific audience – NASA designers and engineers – it is critical that the toolkit be designed based on their unique needs and preferences. Therefore, so as to inform toolkit design and development for the spaceflight domain, structured interviews were conducted with NASA employees to enhance effectiveness of the measurement selection apparatus. Interviews were coded to detect trends in responses and incorporate feedback into the next prototype design stage. Results provided insight into design features, measurement challenges, current procedures, and work environmental factors that will be integrated into the current toolkit. Respondent feedback implications and future directions for toolkit improvement are discussed.
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Das, Subhashis, Debashis Naskar et Sayon Roy. « Reorganizing Educational Institutional Domain using Faceted Ontological Principles ». KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION 49, no 1 (2022) : 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2022-1-6.
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The purpose of this work is to find out how different library classification systems and linguistic ontologies arrange a particular domain of interest and what are the limitations for information retrieval. We use knowledge representation techniques and languages for construction of a domain specific ontology. This ontology would help not only in problem solving, but it would demonstrate the ease with which complex queries can be handled using principles of domain ontology, thereby facilitating better information retrieval. Facet-based methodology has been used for ontology formalization for quite some time. Ontology formalization involves different steps such as, Identification of the terminology, Analysis, Synthesis, Standardization and Ordering. Firstly, for purposes of conceptualization OntoUML has been used which is a well-founded and established language for Ontology driven Conceptual Modelling. Phase transformation of “the same mode” has been subsequently obtained by OWL-DL using Protégé software. The final OWL ontology contains a total of around 232 axioms. These axioms comprise 148 logical axioms, 76 declaration axioms and 43 classes. These axioms glue together classes, properties and data types as well as a constraint. Such data clustering cannot be achieved through general use of simple classification schemes. Hence it has been observed and established that domain ontology using faceted principles provide better information retrieval with enhanced precision. This ontology should be seen not only as an alternative of the existing classification system but as a Knowledge Base (KB) system which can handle complex queries well, which is the ultimate purpose of any classification system or indexing system. In this paper, we try to understand how ontology-based information retrieval systems can prove its utility as a useful tool in the field of library science with a particular focus on the education domain.
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Ziegler, Matthias, Erik Danay, Franziska Schölmerich et Markus Bühner. « Predicting academic success with the Big 5 rated from different points of view : Self‐rated, other rated and faked ». European Journal of Personality 24, no 4 (juin 2010) : 341–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.753.
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Self‐ratings of personality predict academic success above general intelligence. The present study replicated these findings and investigated the increment of other‐ratings or intentionally distorted self‐ratings. Participants (N = 145) had to compile a personality questionnaire twice. First they were given neutral instructions. The second time they were asked to imagine a specific applicant setting. Furthermore, two peers rated each participant. Additionally, verbal, numerical and figural reasoning scores were obtained. Grades on a statistics exam obtained 2 months later served as the criterion. Results replicated prior findings and showed incremental validity for self‐ and other‐rated personality, which was stable after controlling for intelligence. Faking had no impact on the domain‐score level, but results on the facet‐score level were less encouraging. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Anwar, Muhammad Naveed, et Elizabeth Daniel. « The Role of Entrepreneur-Venture Fit in Online Home-Based Entrepreneurship : A Systematic Literature Review ». Journal of Enterprising Culture 24, no 04 (décembre 2016) : 419–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495816500151.
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Home-based businesses and their founders represent an important, but under-researched facet of entrepreneurship. Far from being small, hobby-businesses with little economic impact, home-based business make significant contribution to national economies in terms of both turnover and employment. Online home-based businesses have been recognised as an important and distinct sector of the home-based business domain, offering unique opportunity for innovation and business diversity. The paper presents a systematic literature review of extant research on online home-based entrepreneurs and their businesses. The findings of the review are structured and discussed using the theoretical lens of entrepreneur-venture fit. Use of this lens allows the study to bring coherence to previously fragmented extant studies, providing a basis for future research in this domain. The study also develops a novel model of entrepreneur-venture fit in the specific case of online home-based businesses. This allows us to suggest five positive interactions between entrepreneurial and venture characteristics. It also allows us to suggest a number of previously unidentified negative interactions, which may result in entrepreneurs becoming ‘locked-in’ and suffering multiple sources of stress.
Thèses sur le sujet "Domain specific facet"
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PORRINI, RICCARDO. « Construction and Maintenance of Domain Specific Knowledge Graphs for Web Data Integration ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/126789.
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A Knowledge Graph (KG) is a semantically organized, machine readable collection of types, entities, and relations holding between them. A KG helps in mitigating semantic heterogeneity in scenarios that require the integration of data from independent sources into a so called dataspace, realized through the establishment of mappings between the sources and the KG. Applications built on top of a dataspace provide advanced data access features to end-users based on the representation provided by the KG, obtained through the enrichment of the KG with domain specific facets. A facet is a specialized type of relation that models a salient characteristic of entities of particular domains (e.g., the vintage of wines) from an end-user perspective.
In order to enrich a KG with a salient and meaningful representation of data, domain experts in charge of maintaining the dataspace must be in possess of extensive knowledge about disparate domains (e.g., from wines to football players). From an end-user perspective, the difficulties in the definition of domain specific facets for dataspaces significantly reduce the user-experience of data access features and thus the ability to fulfill the information needs of end-users. Remarkably, this problem has not been adequately studied in the literature, which mostly focuses on the enrichment of the KG with a generalist, coverage oriented, and not domain specific representation of data occurring in the dataspace.
Motivated by this challenge, this dissertation introduces automatic techniques to support domain experts in the enrichment of a KG with facets that provide a domain specific representation of data. Since facets are a specialized type of relations, the techniques proposed in this dissertation aim at extracting salient domain specific relations. The fundamental components of a dataspace, namely the KG and the mappings between sources and KG elements, are leveraged to elicitate such domain specific representation from specialized data sources of the dataspace, and to support domain experts with valuable information for the supervision of the process. Facets are extracted by leveraging already established mappings between specialized sources and the KG. After extraction, a domain specific interpretation of facets is provided by re-using relations already defined in the KG, to ensure tight integration of data. This dissertation introduces also a framework to profile the status of the KG, to support the supervision of domain experts in the above tasks.
Altogether, the contributions presented in this dissertation provide a set of automatic techniques to support domain experts in the evolution of the KG of a dataspace towards a domain specific, end-user oriented representation. Such techniques analyze and exploit the fundamental components of a dataspace (KG, mappings, and source data) with an effectiveness not achievable with state-of-the-art approaches, as shown by extensive evaluations conducted in both synthetic and real world scenarios.
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Russo, Manuela Francesca. « Exploring the neural mechanisms underlying face processing using electrophysiology and behaviour : Domain specific processing or visual expertise ? » Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/203909/1/Manuela_Russo_Thesis.pdf.
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This research investigated how people respond to visual presentation of novel stimuli depicting familiar and unfamiliar objects from different viewpoints, to study the effects of conceptual expertise on early brain signals. During a set of experiments time sensitive electrophysiological brain, and behavioural responses were recorded whilst people viewed such stimuli. This thesis employed a new approach, aimed to disentangle a long scientific debate and found compelling evidence to support that humans' brain responses to visual stimuli are modulated by expertise across a range of stimulus categories and that canonical orientations of stimulus objects are an important driver of these effects.
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Freixo, Andreia. « Domain-specific functional organization : neurocognitive characterization of a case of hemi-prosopometamorphopsia ». Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/35370.
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Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde (Psicogerontologia Clínica), apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de CoimbraA forma como o cérebro está organizado para processar de forma eficiente informação relativa a objetos que tenham tido um papel fundamental para a nossa sobrevivência, tem sido uma questão central na investigação em ciência cognitiva. A existência de uma rede neuronal especializada no processamento de faces surge como exemplo desta organização cerebral por domínios específicos. Contudo, a forma como esta rede está organizada e o modo como as suas regiões cerebrais comunicam entre si não é ainda clara. Objectivos: Fornecer evidências mais claras acerca da organização funcional do circuito de processamento de faces. Especificamente, estabelecer padrões de conectividade funcional entre as áreas principais do circuito e perceber como circula a informação entre elas. Iremos estudar um paciente com hemi-prosopometamorfopsia - o Paciente AD. A hemi-prosopometamorfopsia é um défice na percepção visual raro, onde os pacientes reportam ver metade das faces distorcida. Estudar um caso de um paciente,com uma lesão no esplénio do corpo caloso e com este sintoma associado, poderá ser útil numa melhor caracterização da organização funcional do circuito de processamento de faces. Métodos: O presente estudo foi dividido em três experiências. A primeira, um estudo volumétrico do hipocampo, que pretende estudar a integridade neuronal e cognitiva do Paciente AD e de um sujeito controlo, como uma forma de avaliar o envelhecimento neuronal. A segunda, uma experiência comportamental, que procura caracterizar a especificidade do défice perceptivo. A terceira, um estudo de fMRI, que pretende analisar os padrões de conectividade funcional entre as áreas do circuito de faces. Conclusões: Os dados desta tese apontam para a importância das ligações entras as diferentes áreas da rede específica para o processamento de faces. Especificamente, o deficit do Paciente AD parece estar associado a uma disrupção na conectividade da área occipital de faces (OFA)esquerda com as outras áreas do circuito de processamento de faces. Estes resultados poderão fornecer informação acerca do papel desta área no processamento de partes da face. Para além disso, poderão ser úteis na compreensão do papel do esplénio do corpo caloso na conectividade das áreas de processamento de faces.
The way the brain is organized in order to more efficiently process categories that are important to our survival has been a central question in cognitive research. The existence of a neuronal network specialized on faces processing is an example of this domain-specific organization in the brain. However, the way this network is organized and how its regions are functional connected is not completely clear. Objectives: To provide clearer evidence on the functional organization of face processing network. Particularly, to stablish patterns of functional connectivity between its core areas and to understand how the information flows between them. To do this, we will study a patient with hemi-prosopometamorphopsia - Patient AD. Hemi-prosopometamorphopsia is a rare deficit in visual perception where the patients report to see half part of the faces distorted. Studying a case of a patientwith a lesion in the splenium of corpus callosum and with this symptom associated can help us to better characterize the functional organization of the face processing network. Methods: This study was divided in three experiments. The first one, a volumetric study of the hippocampus, will study the neuronal and cognitive integrity of Patient AD and a control subject as a way of assessing the neural aging. The second one, a behavioral experiment, will characterize the specificity of the deficit. The third, a fMRI study, will analyze the functional connectivity of the face-selective areas. Conclusions: The results of this thesis show that the connectivity between the different nodes of the face network are important for normal face perception. Specifically, Patient AD’s deficit may be associated with a disruption in the connection of the left occipital face area (OFA) with the other areas of the face processing network. These results inform us about the role of the OFA on processing face parts. It can also shed a light on the role of the splenium of the corpus callosum in connecting face-selective areas.
Livres sur le sujet "Domain specific facet"
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Haroutyunian, Sona, et Dario Miccoli. Orienti migranti : tra letteratura e traduzione. Venice : Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-499-8.
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The book series, edited by Nicoletta Pesaro and sponsored by the Department of Asian and North African Studies, aims to give voice to a time-honoured branch of theoretical and practical research across the disciplines and research domains within the Department. The series aims to establish a platform for scholarly discussion and a space for international dialogue on the translation of Asian and North African languages. In doing so, the project aims to observe and verify the translingual and transcultural dynamics triggered by translation from and into said ‘languages-cultures’, as well as to identify and explore the deep cultural mechanisms and structures involved in interethnic behaviours and relationships. Translation is also a major research tool in the humanities. As a matter of fact, a hermeneutic potential in terms of cultural mediation is inherent in translation activities and in the reflection on translation: it is precisely this potential that allows scholars, in both their research and dissemination work, to bring to the surface the interethnic and intercultural dynamics regulating the relationships between civilisations, both diachronically and synchronically. The project is a continuation and a development of the research carried out in recent years by the former Department of East Asian Studies – now Department of Asian and North African Studies – of Ca’ Foscari University of Venice through a series of initiatives organised by the research group on the translation of Asian languages “Laboratorio sulla Traduzione delle Lingue orientali” (Laboratori sulle lingue orientali). Such activities involved periodical meetings on translation, whose objective was to introduce and discuss specific issues in translation from and into Asian languages, as well as several international events (workshops, conferences, and symposia).
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Jarnecke, Amber M., et Susan C. South. Behavior and Molecular Genetics of the Five Factor Model. Sous la direction de Thomas A. Widiger. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.013.25.
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Behavior and molecular genetics informs knowledge of the etiology, structure, and development of the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality. Behavior genetics uses quantitative modeling to parse the relative influence of nature and nurture on phenotypes that vary within the population. Behavior genetics research on the FFM has demonstrated that each domain has a heritability (proportion of variation due to genetic influences) of 40–50%. Molecular genetic methods attempt to identify specific genetic mechanisms associated with personality variation. To date, findings from molecular genetics are tentative, with significant results failing to replicate and accounting for only a small percentage of the variance. However, newer techniques hold promise for finding the “missing heritability” of FFM and related personality domains. This chapter presents an overview of commonly used behavior and molecular genetic techniques, reviews the work that has been done on the FFM domains and facets, and offers a perspective for future directions.
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Linnebo, Øystein. Dynamic Abstraction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199641314.003.0003.
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Any abstractionist approach to thin objects faces the threat of paradox, as illustrated by Frege’s inconsistent Basic Law V. The neo-Fregeans Hale and Wright respond by severely restricting the class of acceptable abstraction principles. Their approach is static in the sense that they hold the domain fixed. This approach to abstraction is criticized, and an alternative approach is developed which permits abstraction on a vast class of equivalence relations. This alternative approach is dynamic in the sense that abstraction on an extensionally specified domain (i.e. a domain specified by means of a plurality of objects) may result in a larger such domain. A form of absolute generality is nevertheless possible, provided that the associated domain is understood in an intensional sense (i.e. it cannot be specified by means of a plurality).
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Wagenaar, Hendrik, Helga Amesberger et Sietske Altink. Challenges of prostitution policy. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447324249.003.0002.
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All public policy faces general and domain-specific challenges. General challenges are key tasks, such as mobilising support for an agenda, or transforming policy goals into policy design, that need to be adhered to to realize a policy. In addition we distinguish five domain-specific challenges in prostitution. These are: The pervasive stigma and the urge to control and restrict prostitution that follows from that. Prostitution is morality politics, which results in an ideologically charged, emotive debate about prostitution and a tendency toward symbolic politics. Prostitution policy gets mixed up with immigration policy. Precise, reliable data on prostitution are generally unavailable. And, local policy making is essential for understanding the process and outcomes of prostitution policy. Local policy often deviates from, and is more repressive than national policy making. In our analysis we use concepts and theories of the policymaking process as formulated in the academic policy literature. But above all, by putting the domain-specific challenges central in describing and analysing prostitution policy, we consistently reason from the perspective of the elected official and public administrator.
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El-Sharif, Ahmad. The Muslim Prophetic Tradition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636647.003.0011.
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This chapter surveys the major conceptual metaphorical source domains in the Prophet Muhammad’s Tradition and their mappings with reference to Conceptual Metaphor Theory. The Prophetic discourse makes great use of metaphors whose source domains vary considerably. These metaphors are systematically classified in particular spatial domains. In addition, the Prophetic metaphors show considerable discrepancy in terms of their degree of generality and specificity: many metaphoric schemas are generic in their mapping, while a large number are very specific in their mapping. Furthermore, the majority of the Prophetic metaphors are common, due to the ontological and structural functions of most of the Prophetic metaphors. This can be attributed to the fact that Islamic religious discourse is packed with abstract notions, and metaphorical language is the most accessible method of conceptualising and facilitating the understanding of such religious abstraction.
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Swirsky-Sacchetti, Thomas, et Robert L. Rider. Cognitive Interventions : Brain Training and Rehabilitation. Sous la direction de Anthony J. Bazzan et Daniel A. Monti. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190690557.003.0016.
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The research pertaining to two types of cognitive interventions is reviewed. Brain training, which utilizes a variety of computer based approaches, is designed to improve normal performance by developing cognitive skills. Cognitive remediation is designed to improve performance in the face of acquired deficits. Such programs are designed to help patients with existing mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Although not uniform, there is mounting evidence that these interventions have a beneficial effect. However, research also suggests the beneficial effect of such programs is often limited to the specific type of task trained, with generalization to real-life performance more questionable. Patients improve specific cognitive domains that do not necessarily correlate with improvements in activities of daily life. The findings and limitations of current research are discussed along with directions for future research.
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Jeffares, Ben, et Kim Sterelny. Evolutionary Psychology. Sous la direction de Eric Margolis, Richard Samuels et Stephen P. Stich. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195309799.013.0020.
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The article presents several models of evolutionary psychology. Nativist evolutionary psychology is built around a most important insight that ordinary human decision-making has a high cognitive load. Evolutionary nativists defend a modular solution to the problem of information load on human decision-making. Human minds comprises of special purpose cognitive devices or modules. One of the modules is a language module, a module for interpreting the thoughts and intentions of others, another is a ‘naive physics’ module for causal reasoning about sticks, stones, and similar inanimate objects, a natural history module for ecological decisions, and a social exchange module for monitoring economic interactions with peers. These modules evolved in response to the distinctive, independent, and recurring problems faced by the ancestors. Domain specific modules handle information about human language, human minds, inanimate causal interactions, the biological world, and other constant adaptive demands faced by human ancestors. Nativist evolutionary psychologists have turned to moral decision making, arguing that cross-cultural moral judgments are invariant in an unexpected way. Natural selection can build and equip a special purpose module only if the information an agent needs to know is stable over evolutionary time. Automatized skills are an alternative means of coping with high-load problems. These skills are phenomenologically rather like modules, but they have very different developmental and evolutionary histories.
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Simmons, Keith. Contextual Theories of Truth and Paradox. Sous la direction de Michael Glanzberg. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199557929.013.30.
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This chapter reviews the major contextual theories of truth and paradox. These theories are all motivated by a certain kind of liar discourse, sometimes called the strengthened liar or revenge liar. A contextual framework for the analysis of this kind of discourse is presented, drawing on Stalnaker’s and Lewis’s—and others’—work on context-change. The various contextual theories of truth differ in their specific treatments of revenge discourses. According to Burge’s hierarchical theory and Simmons’s non-hierarchical singularity theory, the predicate “true” is a context-sensitive predicate. According to the hierarchical approaches of Parsons and Glanzberg, the context-dependence of truth is derived from the context-dependence of quantifier domains, while for Barwise and Etchemendy, it is situations that may expand with the context. Any approach to the liar faces the threat of new paradoxes tailored to that approach, and these contextual theories are no exception. Challenges to these contextual theories are examined.
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Ghebrehewet, Samuel, Alex G. Stewart, David Baxter, Paul Shears, David Conrad et Merav Kliner, dir. Health Protection. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198745471.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This book is an accessible and practical core text on the three domains of health protection: Communicable Disease Control, Emergency Preparedness Resilience and Response (EPRR), and protection of the public from environmental hazards (Environmental Public Health). The editors have attempted to develop an “all hazards approach” to dealing with health protection situations. Most health protection books confine themselves to one of the three domains, whereas this book presents a practical and all hazards approach, with some account of the overarching principles of health protection on which day-to-day practice rests. The target audience is health protection practitioners, students, doctors, nurses and other non-medical professionals who may encounter health protection issues in their daily practice. From a clear introduction to the essential principles of health protection work, the book guides readers through how to manage real health protection incidents using a combination of case studies and quick reference action checklists. Each case study provides a common health protection scenario which develops in stages, in the same way as a real-life case or incident. As the story unfolds, the reader will learn about the nature and significance of the specific threat to population health, the practical steps and issues involved in an effective public health response and the health protection principles underpinning that response. Other chapters outline the general principles of health protection, providing a deeper understanding of key tools and mechanisms, as well as insights into new and emerging health protection issues. A series of individual checklists dealing with a broad range of commonly-faced diseases, hazards and incidents complete the book. These give concise and practically-focused information that can be used even by non-specialists in time-pressured situations. In particular, the variety of chapters covered throughout the book, on Communicable Diseases, Emergency Preparedness Resilience and Response, and Environmental Public Health, offer a unique perspective borne out of practical experience, not easily accessible elsewhere.
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Rosati, Alexandra G. Ecological variation in cognition : Insights from bonobos and chimpanzees. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198728511.003.0011.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Bonobos and chimpanzees are closely related, yet they exhibit important differences in their wild socio-ecology. Whereas bonobos live in environments with less seasonal variation and more access to fallback foods, chimpanzees face more competition over spatially distributed, variable resources. This chapter argues that bonobo and chimpanzee cognition show psychological signatures of their divergent wild ecology. Current evidence shows that despite strong commonalities in many cognitive domains, apes express targeted differences in specific cognitive skills critical for wild foraging behaviours. In particular, bonobos exhibit less accurate spatial memory, reduced levels of patience and greater risk aversion than do chimpanzees. These results have implications for understanding the evolution of human cognition, as studies of apes are a critical tool for modelling the last common ancestor of humans with nonhuman apes. Linking comparative cognition to species’ natural foraging behaviour can begin to address the ultimate reason for why differences in cognition emerge across species. Les bonobos et les chimpanzés sont prochement liés, pourtant ils montrent d’importantes différences dans leur sociologie naturelle. Alors que les bonobos vivent dans des environnements avec peu de diversité de climat entre saisons et plus d’accès à des ressources de nourriture alternatives, les chimpanzés ménagent une compétition étalée spatialement et des ressources plus variées. Je soutiens que la cognition des chimpanzés et bonobos montre les signatures psychologiques de leur écologie naturelle divergente. Les témoignages courants montrent que, malgré les forts points communs dans en cognition, les grands singes expriment des différences au niveau de compétences cognitives importantes au butinage. En particulier, les bonobos démontrent une mémoire spatial moin précise, moin de patience, et plus d’aversion de risques que les chimpanzés. Ces résultats fournissent des signes dans l’étude de l’évolution de la cognition humaine. Les études des grands singe sont un outil d’importance majeure dans la modélisation du dernier ancêtre commun des humains et grands singes non-humains. Faire des liens cognitives comparatives entre le butinage des différentes espèces peut commencer à dévoiler les raisons pour les différences de cognition entre espèces.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Domain specific facet"
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Schoegje, Thomas, Arjen de Vries et Toine Pieters. « Adapting a Faceted Search Task Model for the Development of a Domain-Specific Council Information Search Engine ». Dans Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 402–18. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15086-9_26.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractDomain specialists such as council members may benefit from specialised search functionality, but it is unclear how to formalise the search requirements when developing a search system. We adapt a faceted task model for the purpose of characterising the tasks of a target user group. We first identify which task facets council members use to describe their tasks, then characterise council member tasks based on those facets. Finally, we discuss the design implications of these tasks for the development of a search engine.Based on two studies at the same municipality we identified a set of task facets and used these to characterise the tasks of council members. By coding how council members describe their tasks we identified five task facets: the task objective, topic aspect, information source, retrieval unit, and task specificity. We then performed a third study at a second municipality where we found our results were consistent.We then discuss design implications of these tasks because the task model has implications for 1) how information should be modelled, and 2) how information can be presented in context, and it provides implicit suggestions for 3) how users want to interact with information.Our work is a step towards better understanding the search requirements of target user groups within an organisation. A task model enables organisations developing search systems to better prioritise where they should invest in new technology.
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Dessart, Grégory. « Children’s God Representations : Are Anthropomorphic God Figures Only Human ? » Dans When Children Draw Gods, 45–67. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94429-2_3.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractIn many religious traditions, anthropomorphism plays a central role in visual representations of the divine. As suggested by the notion of minimally counterintuitive properties (e.g., Boyer, Mapping the mind: Domain specificity in cognition and culture, New York, pp. 391–411, 1994), some peculiar ontological arrangements (e.g., ontological violations) tend to characterize religious representations. In the case of human-like God figures, such ontological peculiarities may consist of either: a combination of humanness and non-humanness (e.g., a human figure with wings), or a lack of central characteristics presenting qualities that are central to the human category (e.g., a face). The former corresponds to Guthrie’s (Faces in the clouds: A new theory of religion, New York, 1993) observation of the recurrent sameness-otherness combination with the human being to depict the divine. Such conceptual arrangements may change across a child’s development. However, research on children’s God representations has systematically considered anthropomorphic figures as distinct from non-anthropomorphic ones. The current work proposes a revised developmental model that accounts for domain-specific properties used by children to signify the special position of God as compared to human beings. That model is particularly appropriate to consider God representations as depicted in children’s drawings.
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Albers, Karsten, Benjamin Bolte, Max-Arno Meyer, Axel Terfloth et Anna Wißdorf. « Tool Support for Co-Simulation-Based Analysis ». Dans Model-Based Engineering of Collaborative Embedded Systems, 269–82. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62136-0_13.
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AbstractThe development of collaborative embedded systems (CESs) requires the validation of their runtime behavior during design time. In this context, simulation-based analysis methods play a key role in the development of such systems. Simulations of CESs tend to become complex. One cause is that CESs work in collaborative system groups (CSGs) within a dynamic context., which is why CESs must be simulated as participants of a CSG. Another cause stems from the fact that CES simulations cover various cyber-physical domains. The models incorporated are often managed by different tools that are specialized for specific simulation disciplines and must be jointly executed in a cosimulation. Besides the methodological aspects, the interoperability of models and tools within such a co-simulation is a major challenge. This chapter focusses on the tool integration aspect of enabling co-simulations. It motivates the need for co-simulation for CES development and describes a general tool architecture. The chapter presents the advantages and limitations of adopting existing standards such as FMI and DCP, as well as best practices for integrating simulation tools and models for CESs and CSGs.
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Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Amir Kafshdar Goharshady, Rasmus Ibsen-Jensen et Andreas Pavlogiannis. « Optimal and Perfectly Parallel Algorithms for On-demand Data-Flow Analysis ». Dans Programming Languages and Systems, 112–40. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44914-8_5.
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AbstractInterprocedural data-flow analyses form an expressive and useful paradigm of numerous static analysis applications, such as live variables analysis, alias analysis and null pointers analysis. The most widely-used framework for interprocedural data-flow analysis is IFDS, which encompasses distributive data-flow functions over a finite domain. On-demand data-flow analyses restrict the focus of the analysis on specific program locations and data facts. This setting provides a natural split between (i) an offline (or preprocessing) phase, where the program is partially analyzed and analysis summaries are created, and (ii) an online (or query) phase, where analysis queries arrive on demand and the summaries are used to speed up answering queries.In this work, we consider on-demand IFDS analyses where the queries concern program locations of the same procedure (aka same-context queries). We exploit the fact that flow graphs of programs have low treewidth to develop faster algorithms that are space and time optimal for many common data-flow analyses, in both the preprocessing and the query phase. We also use treewidth to develop query solutions that are embarrassingly parallelizable, i.e. the total work for answering each query is split to a number of threads such that each thread performs only a constant amount of work. Finally, we implement a static analyzer based on our algorithms, and perform a series of on-demand analysis experiments on standard benchmarks. Our experimental results show a drastic speed-up of the queries after only a lightweight preprocessing phase, which significantly outperforms existing techniques.
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Kim, Henry M., Arijit Sengupta, Mark S. Fox et Mehmet Dalkilic. « A Measurement Ontology Generalizable for Emerging Domain Applications on the Semantic Web ». Dans Advances in Database Research, 18–38. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-172-8.ch002.
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This paper introduces a measurement ontology for applications to semantic Web applications, specifically for emerging domains such as microarray analysis. The semantic Web is the next-generation Web of structured data that are automatically shared by software agents, which apply definitions and constraints organized in ontologies to correctly process data from disparate sources. One facet needed to develop semantic Web ontologies of emerging domains is creating ontologies of concepts that are common to these domains. These general, “common-sense” ontologies can be used as building blocks to develop more domain-specific ontologies. However most measurement ontologies concentrate on representing units of measurement and quantities, and not on other measurement concepts such as sampling, mean values, and evaluations of quality based on measurements. In this paper, we elaborate on a measurement ontology that represents all these concepts. We present the generality of the ontology, and describe how it is developed, used for analysis and validated.
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Kim, Henry M., Arijit Sengupta, Mark S. Fox et Mehmet Dalkilic. « A Measurement Ontology Generalizable for Emerging Domain Applications on the Semantic Web ». Dans Database Technologies, 2384–404. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-058-5.ch146.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article introduces a measurement ontology for applications to Semantic Web applications, specifically for emerging domains such as microarray analysis. The Semantic Web is thenext-generation Web of structured data that are automatically shared by software agents, which apply definitions and constraints organized in ontologies to correctly process data from disparate sources. One facet needed to develop Semantic Web ontologies of emerging domains is creating ontologies of concepts that are common to these domains. These general “common-sense” ontologies can be used as building blocks to develop more domain-specific ontologies. However most measurement ontologies concentrate on representing units of measurement and quantities, and not on other measurement concepts such as sampling, mean values, and evaluations of quality based on measurements. In this article, we elaborate on a measurement ontology that represents all these concepts. We present the generality of the ontology, and describe how it is developed, used for analysis and validated.
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McInnes, Iain B. « Cytokines ». Dans Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 152–59. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.0403.
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Cytokines are small glycoprotein mediators that are involved in every facet of immune effector function and regulation. More than 200 cytokines have been identified, which may usefully be classified in structurally related superfamilies. They can (1) function through binding to specific receptors that in turn signal via complex transduction pathways to regulate gene expression, thereby mediating positive and negative regulatory activities; (2) operate as soluble mediators in the extracellular domain or within cells, where they may also traffic to the nucleus and exhibit dual function as transcriptional regulators; (3) be expressed initially on the cell membrane, where they may exert effector function directly in cell–cell interactions, or from which they can be subsequently cleaved to yield bioactive soluble molecules, thereby mediating autocrine and paracrine activities around their cellular source....
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Gianollo, Chiara. « Specific and epistemic indefinites in Latin ». Dans Indefinites between Latin and Romance, 37–87. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812661.003.0002.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter introduces and motivates the research topics. The centrality of indefinite pronouns and determiners for a number of theoretical questions concerning the grammar of nominal phrases is discussed, and it is argued that a diachronic analysis may help shed light on some of the categories involved. The comparative study of diachronies, which is approached by analyzing the historical processes that took place from Latin to the Romance languages, promises to disclose new perspectives on the determinants of variation. At the same time, the phenomena observed in the empirical domain of indefinites are strong indicators of the fact that change at the syntax-semantics interface also proceeds systematically and follows recurrent patterns, as has been shown for phonological and syntactic change. The chapter discusses which challenges we face in this respect, and what can be gained when the theoretical analysis of variation is combined with the investigation of the diachronic dimension.
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Yarnall, Louise, et Judith Fusco. « A Framework for Supporting In-Service Teachers to Use Domain-Specific Technologies for Instruction ». Dans Teacher Education, 253–85. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0164-0.ch014.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Domain-specific technologies, which are used for analysis, representation, and production in real-world contexts, differ from basic technologies, such as word processing software and Internet search tools. They cannot be used effectively without adequate command of fundamental domain-specific content knowledge. They can be used to deepen students' understanding of content, but these technologies bring distinct classroom-integration challenges. This chapter presents a framework for supporting in-service teachers to integrate these technologies. The research team derived this framework from data collected during an extended TPACK-style (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) workshop that engaged 13 life science community college instructors in integrating bioinformatics technologies into courses. This chapter presents a case study about the challenges community college teachers faced in implementing these tools—and the strategies they used to address them. Challenges included activity translation, problem definition, implementation, and assessment.
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Yarnall, Louise, et Judith Fusco. « A Framework for Supporting In-Service Teachers to Use Domain-Specific Technologies for Instruction ». Dans Handbook of Research on Teacher Education in the Digital Age, 604–34. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8403-4.ch023.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Domain-specific technologies, which are used for analysis, representation, and production in real-world contexts, differ from basic technologies, such as word processing software and Internet search tools. They cannot be used effectively without adequate command of fundamental domain-specific content knowledge. They can be used to deepen students' understanding of content, but these technologies bring distinct classroom-integration challenges. This chapter presents a framework for supporting in-service teachers to integrate these technologies. The research team derived this framework from data collected during an extended TPACK-style (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) workshop that engaged 13 life science community college instructors in integrating bioinformatics technologies into courses. This chapter presents a case study about the challenges community college teachers faced in implementing these tools—and the strategies they used to address them. Challenges included activity translation, problem definition, implementation, and assessment.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Domain specific facet"
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Cai, Yichuan, et Yi Chen. « MASS : a multi-facet domain-specific influential blogger mining system ». Dans 2010 IEEE 26th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icde.2010.5447798.
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Liu, Jianxiong, Christos Bouganis et Peter Y. K. Cheung. « Domain-specific progressive sampling of face images ». Dans 2013 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/globalsip.2013.6737067.
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Yan, Chenqian, Yuge Zhang, Quanlu Zhang, Yaming Yang, Xinyang Jiang, Yuqing Yang et Baoyuan Wang. « Privacy-preserving Online AutoML for Domain-Specific Face Detection ». Dans 2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr52688.2022.00410.
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Tsai, Yao-Hung, Hung-Ming Hsu, Cheng-An Hou et Yu-Chiang Frank Wang. « Person-specific domain adaptation with applications to heterogeneous face recognition ». Dans 2014 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2014.7025067.
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Zhou, Junwei, Ke Shu, Dongdong Zhao et Zhe Xia. « Domain Adaptation Based Person-Specific Face Anti-spoofing Using Color Texture Features ». Dans ICMLT 2020 : 2020 5th International Conference on Machine Learning Technologies. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3409073.3409087.
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Tucker, Conrad S., et Sung Woo Kang. « A Bisociative Design Framework for Knowledge Discovery Across Seemingly Unrelated Product Domains ». Dans ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70764.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Bisociative Design framework proposed in this work aims to quantify hidden, previously unknown design synergies/insights across seemingly unrelated product domains. Despite the overabundance of data characterizing the digital age, designers still face tremendous challenges in transforming data into knowledge throughout the design processes. Data driven methodologies play a significant role in the product design process ranging from customer preference modeling to detailed engineering design. Existing data driven methodologies employed in the design community generate mathematical models based on data relating to a specific domain and are therefore constrained in their ability to discover novel design insights beyond the domain itself (I.e., cross domain knowledge). The Bisociative Design framework proposed in this work overcomes the limitations of current data driven design methodologies by decomposing design artifacts into form patterns, function patterns and behavior patterns and then evaluating potential cross-domain design insights through a proposed multidimensional Bisociative Design metric. A hybrid marine model involving multiple domains (capable of flight and marine navigation) is used as a case study to demonstrate the proposed Bisociative Design framework and explain how associations and novel design models can be generated through the discovery of hidden, previously unknown patterns across multiple, unrelated domains.
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Mosch, Christian, Reiner Anderl, Antonio A´lvaro de Assis Moura et Klaus Schuetzer. « Integrated Process Planning Based on a Federative Factory Data Management ». Dans ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37486.
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Manufacturing companies are confronted with short product life cycles, more variety of products and short cycles of leap innovations. This results in a higher frequency of changes in factory structures and an increasing importance of factory planning processes. Factory planning processes are characterized by participative and interdisciplinary processes due to various actors dealing in different domains and working in distributed environments. The result is a heterogeneous IT-landscape based on increasing use of multiple isolated and domain-specific IT tools and systems and hereby an increasing redundant, inhomogeneous and inconsistent data-holding. The control of these factory planning processes can be reached by holistic approaches and consistent system integration. The mean of system integration is the consideration of all domains involved in planning processes, used IT tools and systems and business processes. In this paper, the approach of a Federative Factory Data Management (FFDM) based on Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Semantic Model funded by the DFG (Germany) and CAPES (Brazil) will be described, which faces up the described challenges of factory planning processes. The focus of this approach is on the integration of isolated used IT tools for the dimensioning and structuring of factory systems, the generated domain-specific partial models as well as the coordination and synchronization of engineering workflows. In order of the control of factory planning processes the integration and coupling of the views of products, processes and resources on metadata level is required for a communication between different isolated and domain-specific IT tools of the various involved domains without losses or redundancies. The integration and coupling of these three views is based on a document independent factory structure description linked with factory defining metadata. In order to integrate and couple these different views, the relevant information and independencies are identified. Current reference process models for production and factory planning as well as the current methods to describe domain-specific models are analyzed. This is the basis for the development of the FFDM to build up a semantically coherent information model as a common communication and integration framework to represent the factory and to define and to access factory data. The goal of the presented approach is the increasing of planning harmonization, certainty, quality and frequency by a consistent information flow as well as the reduction of time of product development and factory planning processes.
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Chiu, I., et L. H. Shu. « Bridging Cross-Domain Terminology for Biomimetic Design ». Dans ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84908.
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This work aims to improve creativity and innovation in design by facilitating the use of cross-domain analogies, particularly from biological phenomena, as stimulus for concept generation. Rather than create an enormous database of biological knowledge to specifically support engineering design, we have chosen to take advantage of the large amount of biological knowledge already in natural-language format, e.g., books, journals, etc. Relevant biological analogies for any given design problem are found by searching for instances of functional keywords that describe the intended effect of the design solution in a natural-language corpus. However, the optimal choice of keywords, or search terms, is complicated by the fact that engineers and biologists may use differing domain-specific lexicons to describe related concepts. Therefore, an engineer without sufficient background in biology may not be able to identify keywords with biological connotation that are not obviously related to the engineering keywords. This paper describes efforts to bridge the gap in lexicons by examining words that frequently collocate with searched words. The biological meaningfulness of these bridge words is characterized by how frequently they occur within definitions of biological terms in a biology dictionary. Search words identified this way may not be obvious to domain novices, and may parallel those suggested by domain experts, thus facilitating the use of cross-domain ideas to support design. Our approach of generating bridge words with biological meaningfulness is generic and can be used to bridge any disparate domains (e.g., engineering and economics). Thus designers are enabled to quickly access relevant concepts from different domains to produce more innovative solutions.
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Fan, Junjie, et Ognjen Arandjelovic. « Employing Domain Specific Discriminative Information to Address Inherent Limitations of the LBP Descriptor in Face Recognition ». Dans 2018 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2018.8489691.
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van Holland, Winfried, et Willem F. Bronsvoort. « Extracting Grip Areas From Feature Information ». Dans ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/cie-1325.
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Abstract In flexible assembly, an important problem is grip planning, in which possible grips on a component are determined. The first step in determining these grips is to find all finger domains on the component, areas where a gripper finger can be positioned. Finger domains are commonly computed from geometric information of the component only. One way to do this, is to find so-called non-free regions, areas where the finger cannot be positioned, using the Expanded Face Solid (EFS) method. This method creates for every face in the model an envelope volume depending on the finger geometry. The areas where the model intersects the envelope volumes are the non-free regions. The EFS method must be executed for every face in the model, and is therefore time consuming. We present a new method to retrieve the finger domains, minimizing the number of faces that have to be investigated with the EFS method, by making use of feature information stored in the product model of the component. Not only design features, but also assembly features storing assembly-specific information are used for this purpose. We distinguish two types of assembly features: connection and handling features, storing information on connections between components, respectively information for handling a component. In our method, information from these features is exploited in a number of steps to compute the finger domains. The results presented in this paper show that the computation times of finding finger domains using our method are considerably lower compared with using the EFS method.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Domain specific facet"
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Shalatska, Hanna, Olena Zotova-Sadylo, Olexandr Makarenko et Larysa Dzevytska. Implementation of E-assessment in Higher Education. [б. в.], novembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4466.
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The purpose of the study is to develop the methodical recommendations for test-designers to cope with challenges of organizing on-line assessment process. In order to achieve this goal we have to reveal the strengths and weaknesses of e-assessment activities based on analysis of the universities practice. To find out students’ attitude to the issue of the study we have drawn up the questionnaire. The survey results confirm that e-assessment is rated as priority activity by learners thanks to individual approach to teaching/learning process, easily accessible and fast feedback, as well as interactive methods of implementation. Reviewing practical experience of Kryvyi Rih National University (KNU) and Donetsk Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (DLI) and summarizing statistical data of the survey we have developed methodical support for designing e-assessment activities which involves: to determine intended recipients and the purpose of testing; select appropriate instruments and e-platform; specify forms of feedback; clarify the tasks; provide knowledge base for operating e-tests etc. Despite plenty of studies in this domain the test-designers and test-takers face to typical difficulties while operating e-assessment, and there is lack of research providing methodical practicalities in this field. To address learners’ and lecturers’ needs we have developed the methodical recommendations, which might be used in the drafting of e-assessment tests for students of different specialisms.
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Hajarizadeh, Behzad, Jennifer MacLachlan, Benjamin Cowie et Gregory J. Dore. Population-level interventions to improve the health outcomes of people living with hepatitis B : an Evidence Check brokered by the Sax Institute for the NSW Ministry of Health, 2022. The Sax Institute, août 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/pxwj3682.
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Background An estimated 292 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection globally, including 223,000 people in Australia. HBV diagnosis and linkage of people living with HBV to clinical care is suboptimal in Australia, with 27% of people living with HBV undiagnosed and 77% not receiving regular HBV clinical care. This systematic review aimed to characterize population-level interventions implemented to enhance all components of HBV care cascade and analyse the effectiveness of interventions. Review questions Question 1: What population-level interventions, programs or policy approaches have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B; and that may not yet be fully rolled out or evaluated in Australia demonstrate early effectiveness, or promise, in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B? Question 2: What population-level interventions and/or programs are effective at reducing disease burden for people in the community with hepatitis B? Methods Four bibliographic databases and 21 grey literature sources were searched. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the study population included people with or at risk of chronic HBV, and the study conducted a population-level interventions to decrease HBV incidence or disease burden or to enhance any components of HBV care cascade (i.e., diagnosis, linkage to care, treatment initiation, adherence to clinical care), or HBV vaccination coverage. Studies published in the past 10 years (since January 2012), with or without comparison groups were eligible for inclusion. Studies conducting an HBV screening intervention were eligible if they reported proportion of people participating in screening, proportion of newly diagnosed HBV (participant was unaware of their HBV status), proportion of people received HBV vaccination following screening, or proportion of participants diagnosed with chronic HBV infection who were linked to HBV clinical care. Studies were excluded if study population was less than 20 participants, intervention included a pharmaceutical intervention or a hospital-based intervention, or study was implemented in limited clinical services. The records were initially screened by title and abstract. The full texts of potentially eligible records were reviewed, and eligible studies were selected for inclusion. For each study included in analysis, the study outcome and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated. For studies including a comparison group, odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95%CIs were calculated. Random effect meta-analysis models were used to calculate the pooled study outcome estimates. Stratified analyses were conducted by study setting, study population, and intervention-specific characteristics. Key findings A total of 61 studies were included in the analysis. A large majority of studies (study n=48, 79%) included single-arm studies with no concurrent control, with seven (12%) randomised controlled trials, and six (10%) non-randomised controlled studies. A total of 109 interventions were evaluated in 61 included studies. On-site or outreach HBV screening and linkage to HBV clinical care coordination were the most frequent interventions, conducted in 27 and 26 studies, respectively. Question 1 We found no studies reporting HBV incidence as the study outcome. One study conducted in remote area demonstrated that an intervention including education of pregnant women and training village health volunteers enhanced coverage of HBV birth dose vaccination (93% post-intervention, vs. 81% pre-intervention), but no data of HBV incidence among infants were reported. Question 2 Study outcomes most relevant to the HBV burden for people in the community with HBV included, HBV diagnosis, linkage to HBV care, and HBV vaccination coverage. Among randomised controlled trials aimed at enhancing HBV screening, a meta-analysis was conducted including three studies which implemented an intervention including community face-to-face education focused on HBV and/or liver cancer among migrants from high HBV prevalence areas. This analysis demonstrated a significantly higher HBV testing uptake in intervention groups with the likelihood of HBV testing 3.6 times higher among those participating in education programs compared to the control groups (OR: 3.62, 95% CI 2.72, 4.88). In another analysis, including 25 studies evaluating an intervention to enhance HBV screening, a pooled estimate of 66% of participants received HBV testing following the study intervention (95%CI: 58-75%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 17-98%; I-square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV screening strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing participants with on-site HBV testing, the proportion receiving HBV testing (80%, 95%CI: 72-87%) was significantly higher compared to the studies referring participants to an external site for HBV testing (54%, 95%CI: 37-71%). In the studies implementing an intervention to enhance linkage of people diagnosed with HBV infection to clinical care, the interventions included different components and varied across studies. The most common component was post-test counselling followed by assistance with scheduling clinical appointments, conducted in 52% and 38% of the studies, respectively. In meta-analysis, a pooled estimate of 73% of people with HBV infection were linked to HBV clinical care (95%CI: 64-81%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 28-100%; I-square: 99.2%). A stratified analysis by study population demonstrated that in the studies among general population in high prevalence countries, 94% of people (95%CI: 88-100%) who received the study intervention were linked to care, significantly higher than 72% (95%CI: 61-83%) in studies among migrants from high prevalence area living in a country with low prevalence. In 19 studies, HBV vaccination uptake was assessed after an intervention, among which one study assessed birth dose vaccination among infants, one study assessed vaccination in elementary school children and 17 studies assessed vaccination in adults. Among studies assessing adult vaccination, a pooled estimate of 38% (95%CI: 21-56%) of people initiated vaccination, with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 0.5-93%; I square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV vaccination strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing on-site vaccination, the uptake was 78% (95%CI: 62-94%), significantly higher compared to 27% (95%CI: 13-42%) in studies referring participants to an external site for vaccination. Conclusion This systematic review identified a wide variety of interventions, mostly multi-component interventions, to enhance HBV screening, linkage to HBV clinical care, and HBV vaccination coverage. High heterogeneity was observed in effectiveness of interventions in all three domains of screening, linkage to care, and vaccination. Strategies identified to boost the effectiveness of interventions included providing on-site HBV testing and vaccination (versus referral for testing and vaccination) and including community education focussed on HBV or liver cancer in an HBV screening program. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of more novel interventions (e.g., point of care testing) and interventions specifically including Indigenous populations, people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, and people incarcerated.